Journal articles: 'Complex physiology'

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Ray, L. B. "From Protein Interactions to Complex Physiology." Science's STKE 2007, no. 395 (July 11, 2007): tw248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.3952007tw248.

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SAH, P., E. S. L. FABER, M. LOPEZ DE ARMENTIA, and J. POWER. "The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology." Physiological Reviews 83, no. 3 (July 2003): 803–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.

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Sah, P., E. S. L. Faber, M. Lopez de Armentia, and J. Power. The Amygdaloid Complex: Anatomy and Physiology. Physiol Rev 83: 803–834, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.—A converging body of literature over the last 50 years has implicated the amygdala in assigning emotional significance or value to sensory information. In particular, the amygdala has been shown to be an essential component of the circuitry underlying fear-related responses. Disorders in the processing of fear-related information are likely to be the underlying cause of some anxiety disorders in humans such as posttraumatic stress. The amygdaloid complex is a group of more than 10 nuclei that are located in the midtemporal lobe. These nuclei can be distinguished both on cytoarchitectonic and connectional grounds. Anatomical tract tracing studies have shown that these nuclei have extensive intranuclear and internuclear connections. The afferent and efferent connections of the amygdala have also been mapped in detail, showing that the amygdaloid complex has extensive connections with cortical and subcortical regions. Analysis of fear conditioning in rats has suggested that long-term synaptic plasticity of inputs to the amygdala underlies the acquisition and perhaps storage of the fear memory. In agreement with this proposal, synaptic plasticity has been demonstrated at synapses in the amygdala in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this review, we examine the anatomical and physiological substrates proposed to underlie amygdala function.

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Pollock, David M. "Dissecting the Complex Physiology of Endothelin." Hypertension 56, no. 1 (July 2010): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.139758.

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Forkink, M., R. Brock, J.Smeitink, P. Willems, and W. Koopman. "Inhibiting mitochondrial Complex I or Complex III differentially affects mitochondrial physiology." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1817 (October 2012): S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.06.156.

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Griffith, Linda G., and Melody A. Swartz. "Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 7, no. 3 (March 2006): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1858.

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Loscalzo, J., and J. A. Vita. "Ischemia, hyperemia, exercise, and nitric oxide. Complex physiology and complex molecular adaptations." Circulation 90, no. 5 (November 1994): 2556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.90.5.2556.

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Chouaib, Salem, Didier Branellec, and Wim A. Buurman. "More insights into the complex physiology of TNF." Immunology Today 12, no. 5 (January 1991): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5699(05)80041-6.

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London, G. M., and B. Pannier. "Arterial functions: how to interpret the complex physiology." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 25, no. 12 (October 14, 2010): 3815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq614.

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WEST, BRUCE J. "FRACTAL FORMS IN PHYSIOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics B 04, no. 10 (August 1990): 1629–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979290000826.

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The natural variability in physiological structure is herein related to the geometric concept of a fractal. The average dimensions of the branches in the tracheobronchial tree, long thought to be exponential, are shown to be an inverse power law of the generation number modulated by a harmonic variation. A similar functional form is found for the power spectrum of the QRS-complex of the healthy human heart. These results follow from the assumption that the bronchial tree and the cardiac conduction system are fractal forms. The fractal concept provides a mechanism for the morphogenesis of complex structures which are more stable than those generated by classical scaling (i.e., they are more error tolerant).

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Xu, Bai-Nan, Zheng-Hui Sun, Chen Wu, Jin-Li Jiang, Ding-Biao Zhou, Xin-Guang Yu, Garnette R. Sutherland, and Bao-Min Li. "Revascularization for Complex Cerebral Aneurysms." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 5 (September 2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031716710005407x.

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ABSTRACT:Background and Purpose:Complex cerebral aneurysms may require indirect treatment with revascularization. This manuscript describes various surgical revascularization techniques together with clinical outcomes.Methods:Thirty-two consecutive patients with complex cerebral aneurysm were managed from November 2005 to October 2008. Techniques used for revascularization were high-flow bypass, low-flow bypass, branch artery reimplantion, and primary reanastomosis. Physiologic and anatomic monitoring technologies, including electroencephalography, somatosensory evoked potential monitoring, microvascular doppler ultrasonography, and/or indocyanine green videoangiography were used intraoperatively to assess both brain physiology and vascular anatomy. Patient outcome was determined using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge and at a mean of 12 months post operation (range 6-25 months).Results:Two cervical carotid aneurysms (6%) were resected followed by primary reanastomosis, 21 aneurysms (66%) were trapped following saphenous vein high-flow bypasses, five (16%) were clipped after superficial temporal or occipital artery low-flow bypasses, and four (12%) middle cerebral branch arteries were reimplanted. Of the 32 patients at discharge, 29 (91%) had a Glasgow Outcome Scale of four or five, two (6%) had severe disability, and one (3%) died.Conclusion:Cerebral revascularization remains an effective and reliable procedure for treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms. Low morbidity and mortality rates reflect the maturity of patient selection and surgical technique in the management of these lesions.

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Salant, David J. "Immune complex glomerulonephritis." Clinical and Experimental Nephrology 2, no. 4 (December 1998): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02480453.

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Hamer, Rob J., Wim P. M. Houdijk, Jan J. Sixma, and Trevor W. Barrowcliffe. "The physiology and pathophysiology of the factor VIII complex." Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 6, no. 1 (January 1986): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-8428(86)80046-4.

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Devuyst, Olivier, Eric Olinger, and Luca Rampoldi. "Uromodulin: from physiology to rare and complex kidney disorders." Nature Reviews Nephrology 13, no. 9 (August 7, 2017): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2017.101.

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Akimoto, S., S. Singhal, T. Masuda, and S. K. Mittal. "Classification for esophagogastric junction (EGJ) complex based on physiology." Diseases of the Esophagus 30, no. 6 (May 23, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/dox048.

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Cecchini, Gary. "Respiratory complex II: Role in cellular physiology and disease." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1827, no. 5 (May 2013): 541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.02.010.

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Debanne, Dominique, Emilie Campanac, Andrzej Bialowas, Edmond Carlier, and Gisèle Alcaraz. "Axon Physiology." Physiological Reviews 91, no. 2 (April 2011): 555–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00048.2009.

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Axons are generally considered as reliable transmission cables in which stable propagation occurs once an action potential is generated. Axon dysfunction occupies a central position in many inherited and acquired neurological disorders that affect both peripheral and central neurons. Recent findings suggest that the functional and computational repertoire of the axon is much richer than traditionally thought. Beyond classical axonal propagation, intrinsic voltage-gated ionic currents together with the geometrical properties of the axon determine several complex operations that not only control signal processing in brain circuits but also neuronal timing and synaptic efficacy. Recent evidence for the implication of these forms of axonal computation in the short-term dynamics of neuronal communication is discussed. Finally, we review how neuronal activity regulates both axon morphology and axonal function on a long-term time scale during development and adulthood.

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Ohnishi, Tomoko. "NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, the most complex complex." Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 25, no. 4 (August 1993): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00762457.

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Ma'ayan, Avi. "Complex systems biology." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 134 (September 2017): 20170391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0391.

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Complex systems theory is concerned with identifying and characterizing common design elements that are observed across diverse natural, technological and social complex systems. Systems biology, a more holistic approach to study molecules and cells in biology, has advanced rapidly in the past two decades. However, not much appreciation has been granted to the realization that the human cell is an exemplary complex system. Here, I outline general design principles identified in many complex systems, and then describe the human cell as a prototypical complex system. Considering concepts of complex systems theory in systems biology can illuminate our overall understanding of normal cell physiology and the alterations that lead to human disease.

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Draguhn, Andreas, and Martin Both. "Dancing neurons, complex beats." Journal of Physiology 587, no. 22 (November 10, 2009): 5297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2009.182105.

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Kemp, B. P., and J. Doughty. "Just how complex is the BrassicaS-receptor complex?" Journal of Experimental Botany 54, no. 380 (January 1, 2003): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erg033.

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Mukherjee, Sudeb. "Complex uninterpretable electrocardiogram and syncope." International Journal of Scientific Reports 6, no. 10 (September 21, 2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20204034.

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<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) is an essential component as diagnostic modalities in cardiovascular diseases. A wide spectrum of diseases can be diagnosed by ECG. Conduction disturbances manifest in ECG with characteristics manner. Sometimes these manifestations are not interpretable with the current concept of cardiovascular physiology. Here I have reported such an interesting ECG which is complex and difficult to interpret.</p>

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Hercegfi, Károly, and Márton Pászti. "A complex physiology-based empirical usability evaluation method in practice." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 17, no. 2 (2009): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.so.2009-2.01.

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Nebe, J. Barbara, Caroline Moerke, Susanne Staehlke, Birgit Finke, Matthias Schnabelrauch, Karine Anselme, Christiane A. Helm, Marcus Frank, and Henrike Rebl. "Complex Cell Physiology on Topographically and Chemically Designed Material Surfaces." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.78.

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A crucial factor for ingrowth of permanent implants in the bone is the rapid cellular acceptance. The topographical features often follow mechanical aspects for implant stability. But several of these implants fail due to insufficient cell adhesion. Cells are able to perceive the physico-chemical properties of their surrounding and to pass these signals into the cell to modulate their adhesion structures, growth or production of extracellular matrix. However, the complex cell physiology at the material interface is not yet fully understood, particular on stochastically structured topographies resulting from industrial production. We could find out that corundum blasted titanium hampered the organization of actin filaments inside the cells, clustered adhesion components, e. g. beta-1 integrins and tensin, and the cells bridged the valleys which reduces cell-substrate contacts. These morphological changes strongly diminished the mineralization of osteoblasts. To shed light on cause and effect we reduced the physical complexity of the material surface by introduction of regular micro-structures (pillars, grooves) using deep reactive ion etching. Now it was more obvious what cells are doing on sharp edged topographies ‒ the actin filaments of our cells were clustered around the pillars. As a result the intracellular calcium signaling and the protein synthesis were impaired. Our recent findings indicated an attempted phagocytosis of the micro-pillars by osteoblasts. Therefore we conclude that implants used in orthopedic surgery should avoid any sharp-edged topographical features that could induce phagocytosis by the surrounding cells, which is an unnecessarily energy consuming process.

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Orchardson, Robert, and Samuel W. Cadden. "An Update on the Physiology of the Dentine–Pulp Complex." Dental Update 28, no. 4 (May 2, 2001): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denu.2001.28.4.200.

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Dobson, John, Tracy Linderholm, and Jose Perez. "Retrieval practice enhances the ability to evaluate complex physiology information." Medical Education 52, no. 5 (February 1, 2018): 513–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.13503.

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Thompson, R. S., K. J. Speaker, P. V. Strong, T. M. Maslanik, W. C. Craig, B. N. Greenwood, and M. Fleshner. "193. Complex stressor exposure disrupts homeostatic physiology and tissue cytokines." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 25 (August 2011): S234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.196.

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Torday, J. S., and V. K. Rehan. "Lung evolution as a cipher for physiology." Physiological Genomics 38, no. 1 (June 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.90411.2008.

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In the postgenomic era, we need an algorithm to readily translate genes into physiologic principles. The failure to advance biomedicine is due to the false hope raised in the wake of the Human Genome Project (HGP) by the promise of systems biology as a ready means of reconstructing physiology from genes. like the atom in physics, the cell, not the gene, is the smallest completely functional unit of biology. Trying to reassemble gene regulatory networks without accounting for this fundamental feature of evolution will result in a genomic atlas, but not an algorithm for functional genomics. For example, the evolution of the lung can be “deconvoluted” by applying cell-cell communication mechanisms to all aspects of lung biology development, homeostasis, and regeneration/repair. Gene regulatory networks common to these processes predict ontogeny, phylogeny, and the disease-related consequences of failed signaling. This algorithm elucidates characteristics of vertebrate physiology as a cascade of emergent and contingent cellular adaptational responses. By reducing complex physiological traits to gene regulatory networks and arranging them hierarchically in a self-organizing map, like the periodic table of elements in physics, the first principles of physiology will emerge.

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Inouye, Caron Y., Christine L. Bae, and Kathryn N. Hayes. "Using whiteboards to support college students’ learning of complex physiological concepts." Advances in Physiology Education 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00202.2016.

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Research underscores the importance of retrieval-based practice and application of knowledge for meaningful learning. However, the didactic lecture format continues to persist in traditional university physiology courses. A strategy called whiteboarding, where students use handheld dry erase boards and work in small groups to actively retrieve, discuss, and apply concepts presented in the lecture, has the potential to address challenges associated with actively engaging students in science courses for greater learning. The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the potential benefits of whiteboarding for increasing students’ understanding of animal physiology concepts. Student performance on physiology questions assessing concepts taught using lecture only vs. concepts taught using lecture and whiteboarding were compared within the term that whiteboarding was used, as well as across whiteboard and lecture-only terms taught by the same instructor. Results showed that when whiteboarding was incorporated in the course, student performance on items that assessed concepts corresponding to the whiteboarding activities were significantly higher compared with performance on items that assessed concepts taught through lecture only. These patterns in student performance were found within and across terms. Taken together, findings point to whiteboarding as an effective tool that can be integrated in traditional lecture courses to promote students’ understanding of physiology.

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Torday, John S., and William B. Miller. "Life is determined by its environment." International Journal of Astrobiology 15, no. 4 (January 26, 2016): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550415000567.

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AbstractA well-developed theory of evolutionary biology requires understanding of the origins of life on Earth. However, the initial conditions (ontology) and causal (epistemology) bases on which physiology proceeded have more recently been called into question, given the teleologic nature of Darwinian evolutionary thinking. When evolutionary development is focused on cellular communication, a distinctly different perspective unfolds. The cellular communicative-molecular approach affords a logical progression for the evolutionary narrative based on the basic physiologic properties of the cell.Critical to this appraisal is recognition of the cell as a fundamental reiterative unit of reciprocating communication that receives information from and reacts to epiphenomena to solve problems. Following the course of vertebrate physiology from its unicellular origins instead of its overt phenotypic appearances and functional associations provides a robust, predictive picture for the means by which complex physiology evolved from unicellular organisms. With this foreknowledge of physiologic principles, we can determine the fundamentals of Physiology based on cellular first principles using a logical, predictable method. Thus, evolutionary creativity on our planet can be viewed as a paradoxical product of boundary conditions that permit homeostatic moments of varying length and amplitude that can productively absorb a variety of epigenetic impacts to meet environmental challenges.

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Pisitkun, Trairak, Jason D. Hoffert, Ming-Jiun Yu, and Mark A. Knepper. "Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Physiology." Physiology 22, no. 6 (December 2007): 390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00025.2007.

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Tandem mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) allows identification of proteins in a complex mixture without need for protein purification (“shotgun” proteomics). Recent progress in LC-MS/MS-based quantification, phosphoproteomic analysis, and targeted LC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) has made LC-MS/MS a powerful tool for the study of cell physiology.

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Matthews, Peter B. C. "Proprioceptors and their contribution to somatosensory mapping; complex messages require complex processing." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-073.

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This review of other people's work concentrates on two matters. First, which of the various receptors are chiefly involved in creating the central representations or maps of the body that both underlie the conscious perception of our body image and are needed to control our motor performance. Second, how are these relatively well-charted signals used in sensorimotor mapping, with particular attention paid to various human psychophysical observations and illusions that throw light on the central integrative mechanisms involved. Detailed citation is largely restricted to developments since earlier reviews.

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Turner, J. N., D. H. Szarowski, W. Shain, M. Davis-Cox, D. O. Carpenter, and M. Fejtl. "Three-dimensional imaging and physiology of live neurons and glia: Confocal light and correlative high-voltage Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100146655.

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Correlating physiologic measures with three-dimensional (3D) imaging at the light and electron microscopic levels is a powerful combination of methods for studying the structure and function of biological systems. Neurobiology is an ideal field for the application of these methods because neurons and glia have complex and extensive 3D structure, and their physiology is under intense study. Neurons, such as those studied here from Aplysia, can be more than 100 μm in diameter, and glia undergo large scale 3D shape change as a function of a number of physiologic parameters. The ability to accurately quantitate the 3D structure, volume and surface area of live neurons and glia is important to our understanding of the complex function of these cells.Neurons were isolated from the major ganglia of juvenile Aplysia Californica and glia were obtained from long term cultures of LRM 55 cells or as primary isolates from rats. Cultures were exposed to Dil dissolved in DMSO with or without 20% Pluronic F-127 and added to the culture media. The imaging instrument was an Olympus IMT-2 and a Bio-Rad MRC-600.

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Skow, Rachel J., Trevor A. Day, Jonathan E. Fuller, Christina D. Bruce, and Craig D. Steinback. "The ins and outs of breath holding: simple demonstrations of complex respiratory physiology." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 3 (September 2015): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00030.2015.

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The physiology of breath holding is complex, and voluntary breath-hold duration is affected by many factors, including practice, psychology, respiratory chemoreflexes, and lung stretch. In this activity, we outline a number of simple laboratory activities or classroom demonstrations that illustrate the complexity of the integrative physiology behind breath-hold duration. These activities require minimal equipment and are easily adapted to small-group demonstrations or a larger-group inquiry format where students can design a protocol and collect and analyze data from their classmates. Specifically, breath-hold duration is measured during a number of maneuvers, including after end expiration, end inspiration, voluntary prior hyperventilation, and inspired hyperoxia. Further activities illustrate the potential contribution of chemoreflexes through rebreathing and repeated rebreathing after a maximum breath hold. The outcome measures resulting from each intervention are easily visualized and plotted and can comprise a comprehensive data set to illustrate and discuss complex and integrated cardiorespiratory physiology.

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Lenaz, Giorgio, Alessandra Baracca, Giovanna Barbero, Christian Bergamini, Maria Elena Dalmonte, Marianna Del Sole, Marco Faccioli, et al. "Mitochondrial respiratory chain super-complex I–III in physiology and pathology." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1797, no. 6-7 (June 2010): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.025.

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Lenaz, Giorgio, Alessandra Baracca, Giovanna Barbero, Christian Bergamini, Maria Elena Dalmonte, Marianna Del Sole, Marco Fccioli, et al. "Mitochondrial respiratory chain super-complex I–III in physiology and pathology." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1797 (July 2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.044.

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Ruel, Jérôme, Jing Wang, Guy Rebillard, Michel Eybalin, Ruth Lloyd, Rémy Pujol, and Jean-Luc Puel. "Physiology, pharmacology and plasticity at the inner hair cell synaptic complex." Hearing Research 227, no. 1-2 (May 2007): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2006.08.017.

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Edidin, Michael. "Major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and the cell physiology of peptide hormones." Human Immunology 15, no. 4 (April 1986): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-8859(86)90012-1.

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Carillo Jr, Romeu, Maria Filomena Xavier Mendes, Maria Solange Gosik, Domingos José Vaz Do Cabo, Raquel Bruno Kalile, and Renata Garcia Lino. "From Hahnemann to the Physiology of the Complex Systems in Practice." International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 17, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 04. http://dx.doi.org/10.51910/ijhdr.v17i2.919.

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Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons and has two forms, one familial and the other sporadic. Wilson´s disease is a genetic disorder, autosomal recessive, which causes changes in copper metabolism. Methodology: In this paper, the author presents two clinical cases of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Wilson's disease (WD), showing the evolution of each one from the beginning of the homeopathic treatment, whose prescription was based on the theory of Complex Systems of Carillo. Results and Discussion: Understanding the pathophysiology of each chronic disease, and recognizing the syndromic nature of the absolute majority of natural chronic diseases, allows us to use the most indicated drugs for every case and shows the best way to prescribe these medications. Treating chronic diseases based on clear and well-defined principles. Based in this principle, the concepts of Prioritization of Systems, related organic injury,emunctorial block and equalization are applied in both clinical cases.The identification of the latter avoids homeopathic aggravations, essential for patients in severe states. Conclusion: The theoretical bases for the understanding of clinical cases, in the Complex Systems Model of Carillo, with its 8 elements, namely: Structure (material body); Self-regulation (immaterial); Organization Pattern; Dissipation; Autopoiesis; Adaptation; Cognition and Consciousness, allow an expanded understanding of the health disease process.

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Kumar, D., P. D. Thompson, and D. L. Wingate. "Absence of synchrony between human small intestinal migrating motor complex and rectal motor complex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 258, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): G171—G172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.258.1.g171.

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Both the human small intestine and rectum exhibit motor activity in which relatively brief bursts of powerful regular contractions recur with a similar periodicity. We used prolonged ambulant manometry to test the hypothesis that these activities are synchronous. Pressure activity from the duodenojejunum and the rectum was recorded continuously for 24 h in eight freely ambulant healthy adults. A total of 61 migrating motor complexes and 61 rectal motor complexes occurred in the group; the median periodicities of the two rhythms differed significantly (P = 0.025). There was no evidence of synchrony between the two biorhythms. We conclude that they are independent oscillations.

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Carandini, Matteo. "What simple and complex cells compute." Journal of Physiology 577, no. 2 (November 24, 2006): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.118976.

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Elsmore, Timothy F., Frederick W. Hegge, Paul Naitoh, Tamsin Kelly, and Dave Ryman. "WinCD: Windows Software for Complex Demodulation." Chronobiology International 12, no. 4 (January 1995): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420529509057273.

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Johnston, Graham A. R. "GABA RECEPTORS: AS COMPLEX AS ABC?" Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 21, no. 7 (July 1994): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02550.x.

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Kettenmann, Helmut, Uwe-Karsten Hanisch, Mami Noda, and Alexei Verkhratsky. "Physiology of Microglia." Physiological Reviews 91, no. 2 (April 2011): 461–553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00011.2010.

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Microglial cells are the resident macrophages in the central nervous system. These cells of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin migrate into all regions of the central nervous system, disseminate through the brain parenchyma, and acquire a specific ramified morphological phenotype termed “resting microglia.” Recent studies indicate that even in the normal brain, microglia have highly motile processes by which they scan their territorial domains. By a large number of signaling pathways they can communicate with macroglial cells and neurons and with cells of the immune system. Likewise, microglial cells express receptors classically described for brain-specific communication such as neurotransmitter receptors and those first discovered as immune cell-specific such as for cytokines. Microglial cells are considered the most susceptible sensors of brain pathology. Upon any detection of signs for brain lesions or nervous system dysfunction, microglial cells undergo a complex, multistage activation process that converts them into the “activated microglial cell.” This cell form has the capacity to release a large number of substances that can act detrimental or beneficial for the surrounding cells. Activated microglial cells can migrate to the site of injury, proliferate, and phagocytose cells and cellular compartments.

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Modi, Simon, and Allan C. Skanes. "Complex problems require complex solutions … but may result in other complex problems." Heart Rhythm 8, no. 11 (November 2011): 1667–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.06.015.

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Sterky, Fredrik Hansson, and Nils-Göran Larsson. "Complex I: A Complex Gateway to the Powerhouse." Cell Metabolism 7, no. 4 (April 2008): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.03.011.

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Deal, K. K., S. K. England, and M. M. Tamkun. "Molecular physiology of cardiac potassium channels." Physiological Reviews 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1996.76.1.49.

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The cardiac action potential results from the complex, but precisely regulated, movement of ions across the sarcolemmal membrane. Potassium channels represent the most diverse class of ion channels in heart and are the targets of several antiarrhythmic drugs. Potassium currents in the myocardium can be classified into one of two general categories: 1) inward rectifying currents such as IK1, IKACh, and IKATP; and 2) primarily voltage-gated currents such as IKs, IKr, IKp, IKur, and Ito. The inward rectifier currents regulate the resting membrane potential, whereas the voltage-activated currents control action potential duration. The presence of these multiple, often overlapping, outward currents in native cardiac myocytes has complicated the study of individual K+ channels; however, the application of molecular cloning technology to these cardiovascular K+ channels has identified the primary structure of these proteins, and heterologous expression systems have allowed a detailed analysis of the function and pharmacology of a single channel type. This review addresses the progress made toward understanding the complex molecular physiology of K+ channels in mammalian myocardium. An important challenge for the future is to determine the relative contribution of each of these cloned channels to cardiac function.

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Shah, Samit, and Steven Pfau. "Coronary Physiology in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020255.

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Coronary angiography has been the principle modality for assessing the severity of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease for several decades. However, there is a complex relationship between angiographic coronary stenosis and the presence or absence of myocardial ischemia. Recent technological advances now allow for the assessment of coronary physiology in the catheterization laboratory at the time of diagnostic coronary angiography. Early studies focused on coronary flow reserve (CFR) but more recent work has demonstrated the physiologic accuracy and prognostic value of the fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR) for the assessment of coronary artery disease. These measurements have been validated in large multi-center clinical trials and have become indispensable tools for guiding revascularization in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The physiological assessment of chest pain in the absence of epicardial coronary artery disease involves coronary thermodilution to obtain the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) or Doppler velocity measurement to determine the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). Physiology-based coronary artery assessment brings “personalized medicine” to the catheterization laboratory and allows cardiologists and referring providers to make decisions based on objective findings and evidence-based treatment algorithms. The purpose of this review is to describe the theory, technical aspects, and relevant clinical trials related to coronary physiology assessment for an intended audience of general medical practitioners.

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Baptista, Vander. "Starting physiology: bioelectrogenesis." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 4 (December 2015): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00051.2015.

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From a Cartesian perspective of rational analysis, the electric potential difference across the cell membrane is one of the fundamental concepts for the study of physiology. Unfortunately, undergraduate students often struggle to understand the genesis of this energy gradient, which makes the teaching activity a hard task for the instructor. The topic of bioelectrogenesis encompasses multidisciplinary concepts, involves several mechanisms, and is a dynamic process, i.e., it never turns off during the lifetime of the cell. Therefore, to improve the transmission and acquisition of knowledge in this field, I present an alternative didactic model. The design of the model assumes that it is possible to build, in a series of sequential steps, an assembly of proteins within the membrane of an isolated cell in a simulated electrophysiology experiment. Initially, no proteins are inserted in the membrane and the cell is at a baseline energy state; the extracellular and intracellular fluids are at thermodynamic equilibrium. Students are guided through a sequence of four steps that add key membrane transport proteins to the model cell. The model is simple at the start and becomes progressively more complex, finally producing transmembrane chemical and electrical gradients. I believe that this didactic approach helps instructors with a more efficient tool for the teaching of the mechanisms of resting membrane potential while helping students avoid common difficulties that may be encountered when learning this topic.

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Bonnevie, Edward D., and Robert L. Mauck. "Physiology and Engineering of the Graded Interfaces of Musculoskeletal Junctions." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121113.

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The connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system can be grouped into fibrous, cartilaginous, and calcified tissues. While each tissue type has a distinct composition and function, the intersections between these tissues result in the formation of complex, composite, and graded junctions. The complexity of these interfaces is a critical aspect of their healthy function, but poses a significant challenge for their repair. In this review, we describe the organization and structure of complex musculoskeletal interfaces, identify emerging technologies for engineering such structures, and outline the requirements for assessing the complex nature of these tissues in the context of recapitulating their function through tissue engineering.

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Christensen, G., Y. Wang, and K. R. Chien. "Physiological assessment of complex cardiac phenotypes in genetically engineered mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272, no. 6 (June 1, 1997): H2513—H2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.6.h2513.

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The recent development of techniques for surgical manipulation and for the assessment of cardiac physiology in genetically engineered mice has allowed scientists to address some of the most fundamental questions related to congenital and acquired forms of human heart disease. This review discusses recent advances in the techniques for studying cardiac disease using the mouse as a model system. Because cardiac overload is one of the most important stimuli for development of hypertrophy and heart failure in humans, various models of cardiac pressure and volume overload, as well as myocardial ischemia, have been developed and characterized. Moreover, it is possible to reliably examine murine cardiac physiology in vivo with microtransducers, echocardiography, and other miniaturized techniques. Sophisticated methods have also been developed to enable an examination of single-cell phenotypes of isolated cardiomyocytes derived from genetically engineered mice. These physiological assessments, coupled with conventional histology and molecular markers, have allowed the characterization of several gene-targeted and transgenic mouse models of hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as mouse models of cardiac developmental defects. Such mouse models of heart disease will ultimately allow the molecular dissection of the interplay between the various factors leading to heart disease, and they may serve as a guide to appropriate therapeutic strategies for human heart disease.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Complex physiology'

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