Journal articles: 'Complex natural substances'

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Api, A. M., D. Belsito, D. Botelho, M. Bruze, G. A. Burton, J. Buschmann, M. A. Cancellieri, et al. "The RIFM approach to evaluating Natural Complex Substances (NCS)." Food and Chemical Toxicology 159 (January 2022): 112715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112715.

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Н.Ю., Чеснокова, Приходько Ю.В., Левочкина Л.В., Кузнецова А.А., and Фадеева М.Е. "НАТУРАЛЬНЫЙ КОНЦЕНТРИРОВАННЫЙ КРАСИТЕЛЬ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ КОМПЛЕКС АНТОЦИАНОВЫХ ПИГМЕНТОВ И ПЕКТИНОВЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 12 (December 18, 2019): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2019-12-160-168.

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Изучено влияние температуры и ультразвука на интенсивность извлечения антоцианового пигмента и пектиновых веществ. Показано, что спектры, описывающие интенсивность извлечения антоцианового пигмента черной смородины, имеют два максимума поглощения при длинах волн 510 и 280 нм. Установлено соответствие максимумов поглощения антоцианового пигмента длине волны 510 нм и пектиновых веществ, ассоциированных с полифенолами, длине волны 280 нм. Показано, что наиболее полно экстрагирование антоцианового пигмента и пектиновых веществ происходит при температуре 65 °С в течение 30 мин. Увеличение температуры экстрагирования до 90 °С приводит к снижению интенсивности извлечения биологически активных веществ. Использование ультразвука по-разному влияет на интенсивность извлечения антоцианового пигмента и пектина, выделенных из ягодного сырья. Использование ультразвука для экстрагирования антоцианового пигмента увеличивает интенсивность его выделения. При ультразвуковой экстракции в течение 30 мин содержание антоцианового пигмента в растворе увеличивается на 50 %. Максимальное извлечение антоцианового пигмента наблюдается при ультразвуковой экстракции в течение 60 мин. Степень извлечения антоцианового пигмента повышается в 2,5 раза. Напротив, использование ультразвука для выделения пектиновых веществ приводит к уменьшению их количества в растворе. Полученный методом концентрирования краситель, содержащий антоциановый пигмент и пектиновые вещества, имеет темно-красный цвет и ярко выраженный запах черной смородины, густую сиропообразную консистенцию, содержит в своем составе 4,83 мг/мл антоцианового пигмента, обладает полной растворимостью.

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Špinarová, Š., and K. Petříková. "Variability of the content and quality of some active substances within Achillea millefolium complex." Horticultural Science 30, No. 1 (November 25, 2011): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3811-hortsci.

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The present paper compares the production of active substances in different subspecies of Achillea millefolium complex growing in the Czech Republic. Representatives of 7 subspecies of A. millefolium complex (A. setacea Waldst. et Kit., A. asplenifolia Vent., A. pratensis Saukel et Langer, A. collina Rchb., A. styriaca Saukel et Langer subsp. bohemica, A. millefolium subsp. millefolium, A. pannonica Scheele) and several natural hybrids of Achillea L. were collected from 75 natural habitats in different parts of the Czech Republic. Plants were cultivated to investigate plant growth and contents of some effective compounds during 1997–1999. Development of plants was divided into 7 typical phenological phases. From the point of view of active substance production, the stage of early flowering was found as the most suitable phase for Achillea (yarrow) harvest. Air-dried powdered flowering heads were analysed for essential oil, tannin and flavonoid content. The essential oil content was obtained by hydro-distillation; the composition of essential oil was analysed by means of gas-liquid chromatography. The total essential oil content of the examined yarrow species ranged between 0.05% and 0.88% of dry matter; ecotypes of A. collina and some of its hybrids showed the best results with the highest content of deep blue essential oil. Content of tannins was determined according to PhBs IV; flavonoids were expressed as an apigenin content by an internal method of pharmaceutical company IVAX ČR, a. s., Opava. The total flavonoid content was in the range of 1.37–3.97%; the content of tannins ranged from 0.02 to 0.64%. The highest content of flavonoids was determined in the sample of A. styriaca subsp. bohemica (3.97%); the highest content of tannins was found in an A. asplenifolia sample (0.64%).  

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Kochetov, Andrei, Valentin Minakov, Elena Fisunova, Tatyana Lavrenova, and Luybov Filonenko. "Acoustic synthesis of feed proteins under conditions of a complex ultrasonic field." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 13004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127313004.

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Liquid waste of food industry enterprises contains various valuable organic substances of natural origin, which can be rationally used to obtain feed proteins. The problem of using valuable substances from food waste solves the problem of using biotechnological methods in order to use methods of accumulating biomass, enzymes, vitamins, etc. The biomass of unicellular microorganisms formed in the process of cultivation can be a raw material for obtaining feed additives and other biologically active substances.

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Warren, Richard M. "Synthesizing complex sensations from simple components." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 2008): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0800352x.

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AbstractThe target article suggests that taste is not based on the traditional four basic tastes, but rather is a continuum subserved by cross-fiber integration. This commentary describes evidence indicating that the traditional concept is valid, and that with suitable precautions, it is possible to match natural substances using mixtures representing fundamental tastes.

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Adekenov, S. M., А. N. Zhabayeva, and G. М. Baisarov. "Water-Soluble Substances of Arglabin." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 22, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj971.

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The article discusses the results of a study of the water solubility of natural sesquiterpene lactone arglabin, in particular, its ability to complex formation with complexing agents polyvinylpyrrolidone, the disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, magnesium carbonate. Mechanocomposites with polyvinylpyrrolidone and disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid, which have increased water solubility, were obtained by the method of mechanochemical treatment of arglabin native. At the same time, the best result of dissolution in water is achieved by a two-hour treatment with polyvinylpyrrolidone and with disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid. The water solubility of complex compounds of arglabin with polyvinylpyrrolidone increases by 4.61 times, and with disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid by 4.42 times.

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Babina, Liudmila V., and Ksenia E. Lukina. "English deadjectival nouns as models of knowledge representation about the world." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 2(2021) (June 25, 2021): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2021-2-176-185.

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From the position of a cognitive approach the authors consider English deadjectival nouns, what involves identifying and describing knowledge domains represented by these language units in English language culture. The study is carried out on the material of deadjectival nouns, which are fixed in English dictionaries and selected by a continuous sampling method. A set of methods is used, the main of which are methods of conceptual-definitional and cognitive-matrix analysis. As a result of the study, it is revealed that English deadjectival nouns represent the structure of knowledge of an integrative nature, including the concepts of HUMAN BEING, ARTEFACT, NATURAL OBJECT, SUBSTANCE, and STATE. This knowledge structure is presented as a general cognitive matrix, the components of which are the above concepts. In turn, the matrix components can also be complex and include a variety of knowledge. It is determined that deadjectival nouns presenting the HUMAN BEING concept convey ideas about human physical parameters, psychological features and social status, as well as about human diseases. Deadjectival nouns representing the concept of ARTEFACT name human signs and sign systems, products of human speech, household and personal items, objects of labor activity, vehicles and buildings. Deadjectival nouns representing the NATURAL OBJECT concept convey ideas about natural landscape objects, about the plant and animal world. Deadjectival nouns representing the SUBSTANCE concept reflect ideas about drugs/substances, cleaning products, cosmetics, and technical substances, organic or natural substances. The STATE concept is represented by deadjectival nouns that convey knowledge about the state of a person, object, and phenomenon, about their being in a certain state.

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Landina, L. N. "Standardization of Dry Extract of Pumpkin Pulp Juice, Which Has a Hypolipidemic Effect on the Content of Β-Carotene." Medicina 9, no. 1 (2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29234/2308-9113-2021-9-1-79-92.

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The objective is to standardize the content of β-carotene – one of the principal active substances with sufficient hypolipidemic activity in the resultant original product. Search for natural biologically active substances having a hypolipidemic effect is one of the topical questions in modern pharmacy. Most of the research is carried out by means of isolating individual substances from the plant object. We propose to study a native phytocomplex obtained from pumpkin pulp – a dry extract of pumpkin pulp juice. The following materials and methods were used: laboratory-obtained dry extract of pumpkin pulp juice and methods used to determine the qualitative and quantitative content of β-carotene in an individual substance. It was possible to adapt the methods applied to the analysis of an individual substance in relation to the resulting phytocomplex containing both lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions. The rapid method of quantitative determination of β-carotene described in the scientific literature was corrected. An effective alternative method for spectrophotometric determination of β-carotene in the phytocomplex has been developed. Phytocomplexes standardized for the main active substances can be used to obtain effective drugs and biologically active additives with minimal side effects. In addition, the expansion of the search for alternative natural objects containing complexes haaving a hypolipidemic effect is currently relevant. Based on the literature data, in the future it is planned to conduct a pharmacological study to establish the anti-inflammatory effect of the resulting complex on the state of the vascular wall.

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Bondareva, Lydia, and Nadezhda Kudryasheva. "Direct and Indirect Detoxification Effects of Humic Substances." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020198.

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The review summarizes studies on the detoxification effects of water-soluble humic substances (HS), which are products of the natural transformation of organic substances in soils and bottom sediments that serve as natural detoxifying agents in water solutions. The detoxifying effects of HS on microorganisms are quite complex: HS neutralize free pollutants (indirect bioeffects) and also stimulate the protective response of organisms (direct bioeffects). Prospects and potential problems of bioluminescent bacteria-based assay to monitor toxicity of solutions in the presence of HS are discussed. The main criterion for the bioassay application is versatility and ease of use. The detoxification efficiency of HS in different pollutant solutions was evaluated, and the detoxification mechanisms are discussed. Particular attention was paid to the direct and complex direct + indirect effects of HS. The review focuses on the protective function of HS in solutions of radionuclides and salts of stable metals, with special consideration of the antioxidant properties of HS.

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Napiórkowska, Alicja, and Marcin Kurek. "Coacervation as a Novel Method of Microencapsulation of Essential Oils—A Review." Molecules 27, no. 16 (August 12, 2022): 5142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165142.

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These days, consumers are increasingly “nutritionally aware”. The trend of “clean label” is gaining momentum. Synthetic additives and preservatives, as well as natural ones, bearing the E symbol are more often perceived negatively. For this reason, substances of natural origin are sought tfor replacing them. Essential oils can be such substances. However, the wider use of essential oils in the food industry is severely limited. This is because these substances are highly sensitive to light, oxygen, and temperature. This creates problems with their processing and storage. In addition, they have a strong smell and taste, which makes them unacceptable when added to the product. The solution to this situation seems to be microencapsulation through complex coacervation. To reduce the loss of essential oils and the undesirable chemical changes that may occur during their spray drying—the most commonly used method—complex coacervation seems to be an interesting alternative. This article collects information on the limitations of the use of essential oils in food and proposes a solution through complex coacervation with plant proteins and chia mucilage.

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Medetkhanov, Fazil A., Kseniya V. Muravyova, Dmitriy P. Khadeev, Irina A. Konakova, and Elmira S. Yarullina. "Comparative assessment of the parameters of acute toxicity of natural products." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700146.

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The paper presents the results of comparative assessment of the parameters of acute toxicity of complex plant agents under such laboratory codes as CDP, Bronchelp and a phytopropoletic agent KNA for parenteral application, as well as a complex agent KV for use per os. The studies revealed that the single intramuscular administration of agents from natural components CDP, Bronchelp and KNA to laboratory rats in the maximum permissible dose do not have a general toxic effect. Similar results were obtained by oral use of a complex agent KV. According to the results, the tested agents are classified as low-hazardous substances (class 4).

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Krotova, Irina, and Vladimir Boev. "NATURAL DYES FROM CONIFEROUS PLANT DEBARKING WASTE." Trade, service, food industry 1, no. 4 (February 2022): 406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/2782-2214-0029.

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The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, decarbonization of industrial production makes it urgent to improve many technological schemes, including schemes for complex processing of plant resources. The authors of the article consider the possibility of recycling multi-tonnage waste bark of Siberian coniferous plants to obtain a marketable product – a natural dye for the textile industry. The study showed that the complex of coloring substances of the bark of Siberian fir, spruce and larch is mainly represented by flavonoid compounds, primarily quercetin, dihydroquercetin, kaempferol and naringin. With the presence of this class of organic compounds, the authors of the article associate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts from the waste of the debarking of the studied plants, as well as textile materials dyed by them. It was found that the optimal mode of extraction of a complex of coloring substances from the studied biomass is extraction with water at a temperature of 95-100 C for 120-180 minutes at a hydromodule of 1:50. The coloring of textile fibers of various natures with aqueous extracts of the bark of fir, spruce or Siberian larch gives them a rich beige-orange range of colors. High strength of coloring is recorded in the case of polyamide and mixed polyester fibers, colored with a natural dye from the bark of coniferous plants. The color strength of cotton fibers was assessed as satisfactory, and polyester fibers as insufficient. This circumstance allowed us to draw a conclusion about the expediency of coloring polyamide, cotton and mixed fibers with a natural dye from the waste of debarking coniferous plants, and the futility of such coloring of polyester textile materials.

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Dzhenis, Y. A., and I. I. Tuber. "Integrated interrelationship of sewage sludges with absorbing complex of river Miass drainage area." Water Practice and Technology 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2014.041.

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Soil is a powerful and active absorber of many substances, assumes the pressure of industrial and municipal emissions and waste, and performs the important role of a buffer and a detoxicant. It accumulates heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons and other chemical polluting substances and due to the soil absorbing complex (SAC) strongly captures and protects natural waters and the atmosphere from harm. Applying sewage sludges in our research will enable us to strengthen the capacity of SAC and to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals when they enter a reservoir via a drain from anthropogenically polluted territory.

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Sokolova, Elena Nikolaevna, Tat'yana Vladimirovna Yuraskina, Yuliya Aleksandrovna Borshcheva, Natal'ya Aleksandrovna Fursova, Anton Yur'yevich Sharikov, and Elena Mikhailovna Serba. "INFLUENCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE YIELD OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SORBUS AUCUPARIA." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021037439.

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Currently, the diet of almost all population groups in Russia is characterized by a deficiency of vitamins, essential amino acids, macro- and micronutrients, as well as biologically active substances (flavonoids, carotenoids, etc.). Replenishment of the lack of these components in the diet of the population due to natural sources of plant origin is an important and actual task of national health care. The rational use of natural components of plant materials containing a wide range of natural biologically active substances using biocatalytic methods, as well as the selection of optimal conditions for obtaining commodity forms of ingredients, will allow to create preventive products that have a beneficial effect on the human body. Theoretical research in the field of promising sources of food and biologically active ingredients among wild species of plant materials were carried out. Biomedical properties of Sorbus aucuparia were described. The technological characteristics of the biologically active substances extraction from dried plant raw materials was investigated. Thus, it was revealed that the degree of dried berries grinding about 0.2–0.8 mm, the hydromodule 1 : 10 and the extraction duration 240 minutes are most effective for the extractive substances yield. The enzymatic complex, allowing the maximum to release biologically valuable components to extract was selected. The amino acid composition of rowanberry with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated. Produced fermentalizates contain complex of biologically active compounds, including amino acids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenolic substances, that makes these ingredients promising for creation of various foodstuffs to improve quality, nutritional and biological value, taste and other consumer properties.

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Gumerova, G. H., M. R. Vakhitov, and I. S. Dokuchaeva. "Methodological approaches for the efficient production of parapharmaceuticals based on wild raw materials." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701055.

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The foundations of efficient production are laid at the stage of developing a high-tech product. The object of research is wild berries (lingonberry, honeysuckle, viburnum, cranberry, cloudberry, sea buckthorn, mountain ash, aronia), which are used as a source of a natural complex of biologically active substances and trace elements as the main substance of a new parapharmaceutical. The primary technological task of food engineering of paramarceuticals is the maximum extraction of biologically active substances of plant raw materials and their preservation in their native form during the warranty period of storage. Therefore, as the main criterion for changing the properties of raw materials during processing, we used the amount of change in the redox potential of the system. A set of methodological approaches has been developed to ensure the quality and safety of the new parapharmaceutical.

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Lee, Joonseop, Gyeol Ko, Junghoon Mok, and Yongwon Seo. "Complex Phase Behaviors and Structural Coexistence of Natural Gas Hydrates Containing Large-Molecule Guest Substances." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 7 (March 11, 2021): 6081–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c04372.

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O’Melia, C. R., W. C. Becker, and K. K. Au. "Removal of Humic Substances by Coagulation." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 9 (November 1, 1999): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0440.

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Measurements and modeling of the adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) on oxide surfaces are presented and compared. Agreement is good and supports the view that the adsorption of NOM on oxides depends significantly on complex formation reactions between specific sites on oxide surfaces and functional groups on the NOM. Coagulant requirements can and often are set by the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in a water source. Frequently there is a stoichiometric relationship between the required coagulant dosage and the TOC of the water to be treated. Other important factors include pH and the concentration of divalent cations. Ozone may benefit or retard coagulation, depending on coagulant type and the water quality characteristic that is dominant in setting the optimum coagulant dose.

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POPOV, A. I., V. N. ZELENKOV, M. V. MARKOV, O. T. ZHILKIBAYEV, O. V. ROMANOV, E. V. SAZANOVA, G. D. KHOLOSTOV, et al. "HUMIC SUBSTANCES AND THE MECHANISM OF THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF HIGHER GREEN PLANTS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 4 (October 31, 2022): 908–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.4.21.

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The latest research proposed a new point of view about the material composition of so-called 'humic substances,' isolated from natural objects (soils, peats, sapropels, and composts) by alkaline solutions, and presented the conceptual model of direct influence of 'humic substances' on biochemical and biophysical processes into plants. 'Humic substances' are essentially black liquor, i.e., a product artificially obtained because of the alkaline hydrolysis of organic material from natural objects. Black liquor consists of a complex mixture of a variety of organic compounds. According to the proposed model, the biological activity of black liquor connects with accelerating the circulation of nutrients within plants, increasing the permeability of cell membranes, exhibiting de-toxicological properties, optimizing the ratio of organic and mineral anions in plants, and using some HS components as organic nutrients, inducing gene expression. Therefore, humic substances solutions have multifaceted effects on green vascular plants due to their direct influence on biochemical and biophysical processes.

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Degli Esposti, M., A. Ghelli, M. Ratta, D. Cortes, and E. Estornell. "Natural substances (acetogenins) from the family Annonaceae are powerful inhibitors of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I)." Biochemical Journal 301, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3010161.

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Natural products from the plants of the family Annonaceae, collectively called Annonaceous acetogenins, are very potent inhibitors of the NADH-ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) activity of mammalian mitochondria. The properties of five of such acetogenins are compared with those of rotenone and piericidin, classical potent inhibitors of Complex I. Rolliniastatin-1 and rolliniastatin-2 are more powerful than piericidin in terms of both their inhibitory constant and the protein-dependence of their titre in bovine submitochondrial particles. These acetogenins could be considered therefore the most potent inhibitors of mammalian Complex I. Squamocin and otivarin also have an inhibitory constant lower than that of piericidin, but display a larger protein-dependence of the titre. Squamocin and otivarin, contrary to the other acetogenins, behave qualitatively like rotenone. Rolliniastatin-2 shows unique properties as its interaction, although mutually exclusive to that of piericidin, appears to be mutually non-exclusive to that of rotenone. It is the first time that a potent inhibitor of Complex I is found not to overlap the active site of rotenone.

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Losev, OM, HM Voytenko, NV Kurdil, MH Povoznikov, AA Kalashnikov, LL Davtian, AP Hrynko, VS Mykhailov, OA Makarova, and OH Lutsenko. "Modeling of content of biologically active hepatoprotective substances in the composition of natural honey." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 54, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2021-54-1-34-40.

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Aim. The search for ways to create hepatoprotective food additives based on biologically active substances of plant origin and bee honey is an important area of research in the field of biology and medicine. Materials and Methods. The material for the research was bees of Ukrainian breed (Apis mellifera sossimai). The process of enriching the natural properties of natural honey was carried out in a natural way through the bee family by feeding colonies of bees with a special composition of natural origin components based on Avéna satíva and Silibum marianum. Sieve honey with monofloral honey from white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) 55.0–55.0% was used for feeding of the bee families. The first research group was exclusively fed honey water (control). For the second and third experimental groups, Avena Sativa and Milk Thistle Dry Extract were introduced into the main feed, respectively. Preparation of honey water was carried out on distilled water. Each group of bee families was evaluated according to the complex of biological and economic-useful features during the whole study period. The concentrations of active substances in the obtained batches of honey were determined. Ferulic acid was chosen as the active substance for oat, sum of Silibinin A and Silibinin B for milk thistle. The mass concentration of ferulic acid was measured according to European Standards EN 15662:2008 using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry following acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and clean-up by dispersive solid phase extraction (Quechers) method. The limits of quantitation of ferulic acid and sum of Silibinin A and Silibinin B were 0.02 mg/kg. The high content (83.3±0.4 mg/kg) of Silibinin flavonoids (A and B), Isosilibin (A and B), Silichristin A, etc. in honey persists. Instead, ferulic acid precipitated in fairly low concentrations of honey (1.13±0.02 mg/kg). Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that the extract of milk thistle is promising for the creation of enriched natural honey with hepatoprotective properties, as the biologically active components of this plant have characteristics that allow to obtain the final product with a high content of active substances. Key Words: honeybee, biological active substances, hepatoprotectors.

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Labbozzetta, Manuela, Paola Poma, and Monica Notarbartolo. "Natural Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (February 18, 2023): 4140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044140.

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an insidious neoplasm due to the percentage of patients who develop resistance to both classic chemotherapy and emerging drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex process determined by multiple mechanisms, and it is often caused by the overexpression of efflux pumps, the most important of which is P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This mini-review aims to examine the advantages of using natural substances as P-gp inhibitors, focusing on four molecules: phytol, curcumin, lupeol, and heptacosane, and their mechanism of action in AML.

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Bubenec, E. A., M. A. Volchkevich, E. N. Koroza, K. Kulakovskij, and G. G. Maksimenya. "PHYTOTHERAPY USE IN MODERN MEDICINE." Military Medicine, no. 3 (2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.51922/2074-5044.2021.3.150.

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It is known that phytotherapy is a method of treating various human diseases, based on the use of medicinal plants and complex preparations from them. Medicinal plants can be used in fresh, dried form, as well as by isolating active substances from them with the help of simple processing, which preserves the structure of the natural complex. components (infusion, extract, etc.).

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Garsiya, Ekaterina Robertovna, Liliya Petrovna Myikots, Liliya Veniaminovna Ligay, Arnol'd Alekseyevich Shamilov, and Dmitriy Alekseyevich Konovalov. "QUALITATIVE CONTENT AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYSACCHARIDES FROM ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM L. HERB." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 14, 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021049074.

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Natural polymers are interesting as independent pharmaceutical substances also as complex drugs including herbal drugs. The aim of this work was determination of the main features of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) and pectinic substances (PS) isolated from Onopordum acanthium L. herb for using as pharmaceutical substances. The following tasks were set to achieve this aim: determination of qualitative content of monosaccharides after previous acidic hydrolysis of fractions by paper chromatography, determination of molecular weight, isoelectric point, distribution coefficient, superficial activity these fractions by physical and chemical methods. It was found that WSPS consist of xylose and rhamnose, PS – galacturonic acid. WSPS have molecular weighs 783.96 g/mol, PS – 17351.37 g/mol. Molecules WSPS are neutralize in buffer solution with pH 5.2 and PS – pH 4.7. Also WSPS and PS have similar distribution activity with distribution coefficient 2.97 and 2.59, respectively. But WSPS and PS are superficially inactive substances. Determinate features including well distribution activity may be used for development complex herbal drugs containing herb of Onopordum acanthium L. Also sorption activity should be detected in the future.

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Danilov, D. A., A. V. Griazkin, V. A. Sokolova, and I. V. Bacherikov. "The component composition of planted pine wood cultivated in the boreal zone." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0058.

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AbstractThe present study analyzes the composition of pine wood cultivated on artificial plantations in the Leningrad Oblast (Region). Comparing to pine wood from natural stands, a smaller heartwood zone along the height of the pine trunk and a lower content of resinous substances are noted. The content of cellulose and lignin in the heartwood and sapwood of pine is distributed differently along the trunk. The distribution of pentosans and water-soluble substances in the heartwood and sapwood along the trunk is associated with the lignin complex. The component composition of the studied pine wood from planted stands is quite uniform in its indicators if compared to the wood of older natural stands. Sulphate pulping of planted pine wood showed a higher yield of technical cellulose than the average yield from wood obtained at natural stands of the studied region.

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Krizshanovsky, S. P., B. I. Geltser, T. A. Kuznetsova, E. V. Persiyanova, and T. S. Zaporozhets. "The effectiveness of combined therapy of dyslipidemia by atorvastatin and biologycally active substances from marine hydrobionts." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2017-16-2-97-102.

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Introduction. The perspective direction in therapy of dyslipidemia (DLP) is a complex application of biologycally active substances from marine hydrobionts. Objective. The purpose of research - to compare the lipidcorrective action of preparates based on biologically active substances from marine hydrobionts - fukolam and maristim - individually and in combination with atorvastatin in patients with DLP. Materials and methods. 250patients with DLP and 40 healthy donors were included in research. As medicines atorvastatin, fukolam, maristim were used. In the blood serum the levels of lipid spectrum were determined. Results. Hypolipidemic action of fukolam in complex of basic therapy of patients with DLP was implemented by gradually reducing the total cholesterol, cholesterol of low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides levels to control values. The efficacy of fukolam was comparable with that of atorvastatin in a daily dose of 10 mg. Complex of «fukolam-maristim» showed hypolipidemic effect in severe hyperlipidemia. Conclusions. Combined therapy with use of bioactive substances of natural origin may be one of the way to improve the efficiency of hypolipidemic therapy. We have developed the algorithm of differential correction of DLP by inclusion the fukolam and maristim in complex therapy.

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Astanov, Salih, Askar Fayzullaev, Guzal Kasimova, and Iroda Raupova. "Resource-saving technology of carrot processing with the production of natural dye." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1112, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1112/1/012088.

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Abstract Complex carrot processing technology “Mirzoi krasny” along with concentrated and powdered natural dye rich in mineral elements and biologically active substances obtained carrot powder and transparent juice used in the food industry. Based on obtaining the absorption spectrum of dyes, it was found that the main coloring pigment of the dye, along with β, are also α and γ-carotenoids.A method of sterilization of concentrated carrot dye based on an IR gausted object has been developed.

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Piskorska-Jasiulewicz, Magdalena Maria, and Małgorzata Witkowska-Zimny. "Non-nutritional use of breast milk." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 71 (October 4, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5049.

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Mammals milk, in addition to nutrients, contains many biologically active substances including immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, acute phase proteins, and antimicrobial and antiviral proteins. Thanks to its unique composition, for hundreds of years it is used in post-natal care, treatment of wounds, as well as to fight bacterial and viral infections. The discovery of stem cells and HAMLET complex in breast milk resulted in increased interest in human breast milk as a natural medicine. Milk therapy is devoid of side effects, and breast milk banks may serve as a potential source of milk as a drug substance. In this study we collected information about the possible non-nutritional use of breast milk.

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Pavel, Procházka, Štranc Přemysl, Pazderů Kateřina, Štranc Jaroslav, and Vostřel Jan. "Effects of biologically active substances used in soybean seed treatment on oil, protein and fibre content of harvested seeds." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 12 (December 12, 2017): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/702/2017-pse.

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In 4-year trials, soybean seeds were treated with the following biologically active substances: Lignohumate B (a mixture of humic acids and fulvic acids); Lexin (a mixture of humic acids and fulvic acids enriched with auxins); brassinosteroid (a synthetic analogue of natural epibrassinolide 24) and so-called ‘Complex seed treatment’ (a mixture of a saturated solution of sucrose, Lexin, the fungicide Maxim XL 035 FS and an adjuvant on the basis of pinolene). After harvesting soybean seeds from the individual treatments, they were analysed for oil, protein and fibre contents. The results show that the most effective method was the ‘Complex seed treatment’ which, compared to the untreated variant, significantly increased not only the yield but also the oil content of the seeds.

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Ioshchenko, Yuliya, Viktor Kablov, and Gennady Zaikov. "Biodegradation of oil products in polluted soil by using the mixture of the polymer complex [chotisan–lactoserum protein]–active silt." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 2 (June 15, 2008): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.02.123.

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Biodegradation processes of oil products in the polluted soil were studied by using the mixture of the polymer complex [chitosan – lactoserum protein]–active silt. It is shown that all these processes take place due to the synergism of the components which form part of the mixture; the use of the developed biomixture ensures the effective biodegradation of compound oil hydrocarbons, a high degree of cleaning soil from pollutions, except the possible secondary pollution of environment. As a result of biocomposting the cleaned ground containing biogenic substances fits in natural cycle and can be used for realization agricultural work.

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Arora, Swamita, Tanveer Naved, Sanjar Alam, Bhupendra Chauhan, and Harikesh Kalonia. "TLR 4 / MD2 Complex inhibitors potential therapeutic prospective for asthma and asthma exacerbation." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1611rjbt164176.

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The feedback of our body to foreign particles is initially initiated by the innate immunity where the likes Toll- Like Receptors (TLRs), play an important role in the identification process. The identification of the trouble through the interaction of the receptor is the initial step to propagate the protective agents throughout the body. These interact action with the attacking pathogens like viruses and bacteria (PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns) or substances produced cells of the body which are injured (DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns) helping in the identification. However, the innate and adaptive immunity of both of them gets stimulated through the release of various substances such as cytokines and chemokines due to TLR activation. In part of the progress, many reports have been identified as the activation of the TLR4 complex, a receptor of the innate immune system that may underpin the pathophysiology of many human diseases including asthma, cardiovascular disorder, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune disorders, neuroinflammatory and psychiatric disorders. Substances of synthetic and natural origin have been discussed here and have been found to produce the anti-inflammatory effect by targeting pathways of TLR4 activation. In the present review, our focus is to develop a conclusion about the TL4 complex inhibition for the betterment of asthma patients and combine the reports about the progressing of TLR signalling pathway modulators.

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Panda, Siva S., and Nancy Jhanji. "Natural Products as Potential Anti-Alzheimer Agents." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 35 (October 29, 2020): 5887–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190618113613.

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Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substances of different composition, which are found as secondary metabolites in one or more parts of the plant. The diverse secondary metabolites play an important role in the prevention and cure of various diseases including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Naturally occurring compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and glycosides found in various parts of the plant and/or marine sources may potentially protect neurodegeneration as well as improve memory and cognitive function. Many natural compounds show anti-Alzheimer activity through specific pharmacological mechanisms like targeting β-amyloid, Beta-secretase 1 and Acetylcholinesterase. In this review, we have compiled more than 130 natural products with a broad diversity in the class of compounds, which were isolated from different sources showing anti- Alzheimer properties.

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Nechytailo, Mykola, Olena Nahorna, and Yevhenii Kosiuk. "Defining the effect of the chemical concentration and solution pH on membrane chemical cleaning process." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900061.

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In the process of treating natural water from surface sources, precipitated substances are tend to be deposited on the ultrafiltration membrane, either as suspended solids or as gel structures, formed by humic substances with metal salts. Hydraulic washes are unable to remove gelled structures from the surface of the membranes. Consequently, the phenomenon of gelation on the surface of the membrane causes gradual decrease in productivity, which is a negative factor. Chemical washing of membranes is generally used to remove the gel layer from the membrane surface. In this paper, the range of compositions which effectively remove complex contaminants is proposed, and also the efficacy of both pH and changes in the concentration of active substances on the process of washing the membrane are analyzed.

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Rubiolo, Patrizia, Cristina Casetta, Cecilia Cagliero, Hugues Brevard, Barbara Sgorbini, and Carlo Bicchi. "Populus nigra L. bud absolute: a case study for a strategy of analysis of natural complex substances." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 405, no. 4 (November 23, 2012): 1223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6537-y.

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Romanova, E. M., V. V. Romanov, V. N. Lyubomirova, L. A. Shadieva, and T. M. Shlenkina. "Vectors for the development of high-tech industrial aquaculture." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700132.

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The article discusses the prospects of optimizing the technology of growing African catfish in high-tech industrial aquaculture. The goal was to determine the range of biologically active substances that can increase the productivity, organoleptic qualities of fish grown in recirculating aquaculture systems and optimize their living conditions. For this purpose, a complex of biologically active substances was tested, including probiotics, prebiotics, amino acids, and natural sorbents. It was introduced into feed and added to the water of fish tanks. Studies have shown that the developed complex of biologically active substances accelerates growth and development, guarantees the growth of fish biomass, reduces the level of bacterial pollution of the fish habitat, and normalizes hydrochemical parameters in the tanks. Improving the technology of fish farming in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) involves changing the ideology of feeding and keeping fish. The results of our studies show that, under conditions of artificial breeding in RAS, it is necessary to use cultures of living microorganisms probiotics that improve intestinal microbiocenosis in fish feeding and introduce them into the fish habitat. Probiotics should be used with prebiotics containing vitamin-amino acid complexes that stimulate the development of symbiotic microbiota. The use of natural sorbents plays an important role. The proposed set of ingredients increases the organoleptic qualities of fish. The studies were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research with grant 18-016-00127.

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Yordanov, M., P. Dimitrova, S. Patkar, L. Saso, and N. Ivanovska. "Inhibition of Candida albicans extracellular enzyme activity by selected natural substances and their application inCandidainfection." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 6 (June 2008): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-029.

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Extracellular enzymes secreted by Candida albicans are claimed to be virulence factors responsible for penetration of the yeast into host cells. Substances able to inhibit lipolytic and proteinase activities of the fungus might be of therapeutic use in some pathologic conditions caused by C. albicans. In the present work, we have tested the influence of the flavonoid compounds apigenin and kaempferol, the indole alkaloid ibogaine, and the protoberberine alkaloid berberine on the in vitro enzyme activity of C. albicans. The substances showed complex suppressive effects concerning the processes of adherence to epithelial cells, secreted aspartyl proteinase activity, and the rate of cell wall protein glycosylation. Apigenin and kaempferol were administered in systemic C. albicans infection, demonstrating an increased number of survivors by kaempferol. The application of apigenin, kaempferol, ibogaine, and berberine in cutaneous infection suppressed the symptoms and accelerated elimination of the yeast from the site of inoculation.

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Markarova, A. E., M. Yu Markarova, O. A. Razin, and S. M. Nadezhkin. "The microorganisms natural consortia effectiveness in the white cabbage crop cultivation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 953, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/953/1/012035.

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Abstract The research on effectiveness of microbial consortia with growth-regulating and anti-pathogenic functions on the yield and quality of white cabbage had been carried out in the field conditions for 2 years. It was obtained that under N90P120K150, the use of the experimental biofungicide Tridem promoted an increase in nitrogen-fixing activity in the soil and a decrease in the infectious conditions in the rhizosphere under cabbage hybrids. The use of the experimental microbial complex BIS provided an increase in the mass of heads of cabbage, the accumulation of biologically active substances in them, and contributed to an increase in the biodiversity of soil microbiota. The combined use of the biofungicide Tridem and the microbial complex BIS stimulated an increase in yield, had a positive effect on the quality of cabbage and contributed to a decrease in the number of pathogenic fungi and bacteria in the soil under cabbage.

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Shavrina, D. I., N. V. Nesterova, O. V. Nesterova, N. V. Birukova, and A. A. Iaroshenko. "Studying Possibilities of Using Beebread in Medicine with the Follow-Up Development of a Means to Improve Immunity." RUDN Journal of Medicine 23, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2019-23-4-412-417.

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In the course of the analysis of scientific literature, the composition of the bee bread containing biologically active substances (arginine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, threonine), mineral salts, trace elements and valuable vitamins that enhance immunity was studied. The complex of reactions recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation was used to determine the main groups of biologically active substances characteristic of natural raw materials. As an object of research, bee bread was used. The raw materials were identified: amino acids, hydroxyacids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, pectins. This beekeeping product can be recommended for use in medicine as a perspective drug.

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Fitzke, B., and S. U. Geißen. "Sustainable removal of iodinated X-ray contrast media (XRC) by ozonation in a complex wastewater matrix – urine as example." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 12 (June 1, 2007): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.426.

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Pharmaceutical and diagnostic substances like antibiotics, cytostatics and iodised X-ray contrast media (XRC) are well-known for not being metabolised and are excreted soon after application. As a result, these preparations are difficult to biodegrade and their adsorption behaviour is rather poor. Finally, the refractory properties of these substances are leading to an accumulation in the natural waterbody depending on the hydrological situation. The elimination of contrast media from urine and diluted urine solutions by ozonation was investigated using a bubble column reactor to remove and recover the formed elemental iodine from the solution by gas stripping and down stream absorption. The experiments showed that the destruction of XRCs from concentrated solutions like urine is feasible and a recycling of elemental iodine from the exhaust gas is technically and economically possible.

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Sakinah, Marda. "Use of Herbal Medicinal Products among Children." Eureka Herba Indonesia 4, no. 1 (August 28, 2021): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/ehi.v4i1.29.

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The use of herbal medicinal products for the treatment and prevention of diseases has a long tradition over the world. The herbal medicinal products are defined as exclusively herbal active substances-contained medicinal products which used for prevention or treatment of disease. Because of its process, it chemically different defined substances in several aspects; mostly because they consist of complex multi-component mixtures which from the extraction of plant parts such as roots and leaves. Many substances could be used for relieving clinical symptoms among children. The perception that “natural” products are harmless is still dominant in many consumers. Therefore, adverse effects of herb medicines are rarely reported by patients who have taken them.4 This review will discuss about use of herbal medicinal products and what is the impact for using this in children.

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Pogarska, Viktoriya, Raisa Pavlyuk, Roman David Tauber, Aleksey Pogarskiy, Adelina Berestova, Tetyana Kravchuk, Tetyana Stukonozhenko, and Iuliia Kakadii. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXTRACTION METHOD OF INACTIVE FORMS OF PECTIN SUBSTANCES FROM FRUITS TO EASY-DIGESTIBLE ACTIVE FORM DURING THE OBTAINING OF NANOFOOD." EUREKA: Life Sciences 6 (November 30, 2017): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2017.00520.

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The aim of the work is development of a unique method for deep processing of fruits and vegetables with a high content of sparingly soluble pectin substances, which makes it possible to remove pectic substances from inactive form and transform them into an easily digestible active form when obtaining natural semi-finished products and food products in nanosized form. To achieve the aim, a complex effect on the raw material of steam-thermal treatment or cryogenic shock freezing and fine-dispersed grinding is used as an innovation. A new method for obtaining finely dispersed additives and health products from fruits and vegetables with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS) and prebiotic substances is developed, which is based on a complex effect on raw materials of processes of steam-thermal or cryogenic treatment of raw materials and fine-dispersed grinding, which is accompanied by destruction, mechanochemistry, non-enzymatic catalysis. It is found that when these processes are activated, pectic substances are activated, more complete extraction from raw materials (4.5 ... 7.3 times) from a latent form and transformation into a soluble form. The mechanism of these processes is disclosed, recommendations for the creation of recreational nanoproducts are developed. It is shown that, in parallel, non-enzymatic catalysis (up to 70%) of hardly soluble pectic substances in individual monomers takes place, that is, transformation into a soluble, easily digestible form. The increase and seizures of latent forms of biologically active substances in finely dispersed frozen and heat-treated purees from fruit compared with fresh raw materials is established. The increase is respectively 1.5 ... 4.0 times and 1.5 ... 3.0 times. The quality of the obtained new types of fine mashed potatoes exceeds the known analogs for BAS content and technological characteristics. New types of purees are in a nanoscale, easily digestible form. With the use of new types of finely dispersed additives, a wide range of products for health-improving nutrition has been developed with a record content of natural BASs (new types of nano-lipids, nanosorb products, milk-vegetable cocktails, fillings for confectionery and extruded products, curd desserts, bakery products, snacks - falafel, creams, etc.).

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Boullemant, Amiel, Bernard Vigneault, Claude Fortin, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Uptake of Neutral Metal Complexes by a Green Alga: Influence of pH and Humic Substances." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 10 (2004): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04093.

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We have examined the influence of pH and a natural humic acid on the short-term uptake (<40 min) of a neutral, lipophilic metal complex by a unicellular freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Cadmium diethyldithiocarbamate ([Cd(DDC)2]0) was used as a model lipophilic metal complex and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was chosen as a representative aquatic humic acid (6.5 mg C L−1). Under the experimental conditions virtually all the Cd was expected to be present as the lipophilic complex ([Cd]T = 0.38 nM; [DDC] 1 μM; [Cd2+] <10−15 M; pH 7.0, 6.0, or 5.5). Uptake of [Cd(DDC)2]0 proved to be sensitive to pH changes. It was lower at pH 6.0 and 5.5 than at pH 7.0. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of reduced uptake of a lipophilic metal complex at low pH. The presence of SRHA also affected uptake, either by binding the lipophilic complex in solution and reducing its bioavailability (pH 7.0) or by increasing the permeability of the algal membrane (pH 5.5).

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Bates, Nicola. "Poisons affecting the cardiovascular system." Companion Animal 25, no. 8 (September 2, 2020): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0066.

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Cardiac and cardiovascular function can be affected by numerous substances, including overdose of drugs for cardiac and cardiovascular conditions, drugs used in the management of other diseases, over-the-counter medicines and supplements, foods and natural toxins such as plants. A common cause of tachycardia in dogs is exposure to salbutamol from piercing an asthma inhaler. Cardiac drugs such as beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers can cause hypotension and disrupt cardiac rhythm. Although severe cases are not common in companion animals, management may be complex, requiring high dose insulin therapy and/or lipid emulsion therapy. The methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which are found in foods, and caffeine in supplements, are readily accessible to pets and can cause central nervous system and muscle (including cardiac muscle) stimulation. Animals with pre-existing cardiac disease or those with a mixed cardiotoxic drug overdose are likely to be more at risk of effects after exposure to substances affecting the cardiovascular system. Support of cardiac and cardiovascular function is essential to prevent cardiac injury and maintain tissue perfusion. Specific management depends on the severity of clinical signs and the particular substance involved.

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Bates, Nicola. "CPD article: Poisons affecting the cardiovascular system." Veterinary Nurse 11, no. 7 (September 2, 2020): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2020.11.7.310.

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Cardiac and cardiovascular function can be affected by numerous substances, including overdose of drugs for cardiac and cardiovascular conditions, drugs used in the management of other diseases, over-the-counter medicines and supplements, foods and natural toxins such as plants. A common cause of tachycardia in dogs is exposure to salbutamol from piercing an asthma inhaler. Cardiac drugs such as beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers can cause hypotension and disrupt cardiac rhythm. Although severe cases are not common in companion animals, management may be complex, requiring high dose insulin therapy and/or lipid emulsion therapy. The methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine, which are found in foods, and caffeine in supplements, are readily accessible to pets and can cause central nervous system and muscle (including cardiac muscle) stimulation. Animals with pre-existing cardiac disease or those with a mixed cardiotoxic drug overdose are likely to be more at risk of effects after exposure to substances affecting the cardiovascular system. Support of cardiac and cardiovascular function is essential to prevent cardiac injury and maintain tissue perfusion. Specific management depends on the severity of clinical signs and the particular substance involved.

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Кобелева and S. Kobeleva. "Choice of Criteria for Ecological Assessment of Construction Technologies." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 6 (December 25, 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2159.

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The fuel-energy complex and the construction industry are ones of the main sources of environment pollution. The main man-made emissions have been analyzed, and calculations of buildings’ energy consumption have been presented in this paper. To assess the contribution of construction technologies in environmental issues it has been proposed the following criteria: total energy consumption; emissions of polluting substances in the biosphere; natural resources consumption.

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Bouyahya, Abdelhakim, Hamza Mechchate, Loubna Oumeslakht, Ikrame Zeouk, Sara Aboulaghras, Abdelaali Balahbib, Gokhan Zengin, et al. "The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Human Cancers and the Use of Natural Compounds as Epidrugs: Mechanistic Pathways and Pharmacodynamic Actions." Biomolecules 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12030367.

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Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the genetic and epigenetic disruption of normal cells. The mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved in tumor transformation has implicated a priori predominance of epigenetic perturbations and a posteriori genetic instability. In this work, we aimed to explain the mechanistic involvement of epigenetic pathways in the cancer process, as well as the abilities of natural bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and ketones) to specifically target the epigenome of tumor cells. The molecular events leading to transformation, angiogenesis, and dissemination are often complex, stochastic, and take turns. On the other hand, the decisive advances in genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have allowed, in recent years, for the mechanistic decryption of the molecular pathways of the cancerization process. This could explain the possibility of specifically targeting this or that mechanism leading to cancerization. With the plasticity and flexibility of epigenetic modifications, some studies have started the pharmacological screening of natural substances against different epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and chromatin remodeling) to restore the cellular memory lost during tumor transformation. These substances can inhibit DNMTs, modify chromatin remodeling, and adjust histone modifications in favor of pre-established cell identity by the differentiation program. Epidrugs are molecules that target the epigenome program and can therefore restore cell memory in cancerous diseases. Natural products isolated from medicinal plants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have shown their ability to exhibit several actions on epigenetic modifiers, such as the inhibition of DNMT, HMT, and HAT. The mechanisms of these substances are specific and pleiotropic and can sometimes be stochastic, and their use as anticancer epidrugs is currently a remarkable avenue in the fight against human cancers.

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Pilon, Alan Cesar, Marcelo Del Grande, Maíra R. S. Silvério, Ricardo R. Silva, Lorena C. Albernaz, Paulo Cézar Vieira, João Luis Callegari Lopes, Laila S. Espindola, and Norberto Peporine Lopes. "Combination of GC-MS Molecular Networking and Larvicidal Effect against Aedes aegypti for the Discovery of Bioactive Substances in Commercial Essential Oils." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051588.

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Dengue is a neglected disease, present mainly in tropical countries, with more than 5.2 million cases reported in 2019. Vector control remains the most effective protective measure against dengue and other arboviruses. Synthetic insecticides based on organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, neonicotinoids and oxadiazines are unattractive due to their high degree of toxicity to humans, animals and the environment. Conversely, natural-product-based larvicides/insecticides, such as essential oils, present high efficiency, low environmental toxicity and can be easily scaled up for industrial processes. However, essential oils are highly complex and require modern analytical and computational approaches to streamline the identification of bioactive substances. This study combined the GC-MS spectral similarity network approach with larvicidal assays as a new strategy for the discovery of potential bioactive substances in complex biological samples, enabling the systematic and simultaneous annotation of substances in 20 essential oils through LC50 larvicidal assays. This strategy allowed rapid intuitive discovery of distribution patterns between families and metabolic classes in clusters, and the prediction of larvicidal properties of acyclic monoterpene derivatives, including citral, neral, citronellal and citronellol, and their acetate forms (LC50 < 50 µg/mL).

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Zhorov, G. А., L. L. Zakharova, and V. N. Obryvin. "BACKGROUND CONTENT OF TECHNOGENIC AND NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN DETOXIFYING AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 2 (2021): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202102019.

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For correctly assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of sorption-detoxifying agents and feed additives intended for animals receiving feed with an excess content of toxicants, it is necessary to take into account the background levels of radionuclides, toxic elements, pesticides and other technogenic and natural pollutants in the studied substances. The need for such studies is due both to the existence of areas with a naturally elevated level of natural toxicants in the sources of raw materials for the production of additives and drugs, and to the increasing anthropogenic influence, accompanied by the entry of xenobiotics into environmental objects. In series of radiometric studies, the specific activity of technogenic and natural radioactive isotopes (90Sr, 137Cs, 40К, 226Ra, 232Th) in a number of sorption-detoxifying and biologically active substances and preparations used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine as part of feed additives and pharmacological agents was determined. It was found that in 43% of the studied samples, the level of specific activity of 1,1Sr in 3-90 times higher than allowed by the current standards. The maximum level of 90Sr, equal to (137±9) Bq/kg, was detected in perlite. The specific activity of 137Cs did not exceed the permissible level: in mineral sorbents its amount reached (40±7) Bq/kg, in organic and complex sorbents – (24±4), and in feed additives – (29±8) Bq/kg. The maximum levels of 40K were (1429±83) Bq/ kg in minerals (radionite) and (2613±100) Bq/kg in organic substances (lignohumate). The levels of 226Ra and 232Th did not exceed (153±13) and (79±13) Bq/kg, respectively, and were higher in the mineral samples.

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Silva-Carvalho, Ricardo, Fátima Baltazar, and Cristina Almeida-Aguiar. "Propolis: A Complex Natural Product with a Plethora of Biological Activities That Can Be Explored for Drug Development." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/206439.

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The health industry has always used natural products as a rich, promising, and alternative source of drugs that are used in the health system. Propolis, a natural resinous product known for centuries, is a complex product obtained by honey bees from substances collected from parts of different plants, buds, and exudates in different geographic areas. Propolis has been attracting scientific attention since it has many biological and pharmacological properties, which are related to its chemical composition. Severalin vitroandin vivostudies have been performed to characterize and understand the diverse bioactivities of propolis and its isolated compounds, as well as to evaluate and validate its potential. Yet, there is a lack of information concerning clinical effectiveness. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential of propolis for the development of new drugs by presenting published data concerning the chemical composition and the biological properties of this natural compound from different geographic origins.

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Проскурнін, О. А., Т. В. Божко, В. М. Жук, Б. М. Комариста, and В. І. Бендюг. "ДОЦІЛЬНІСТЬ ВРАХУВАННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЯКОСТІ ПРИРОДНОЇ ВОДИ ПРИ НОРМУВАННІ СКИДАНЬ ЗАБРУДНЮЮЧИХ РЕЧОВИН ІЗ ЗВОРОТНИМИ ВОДАМИ У ВОДНІ ОБ'ЄКТИ." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 108, no. 2 (2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29295/2311-7257-2022-108-2-79-84.

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The article is devoted to justifying the feasibility of taking into account complex indicators of natural water quality in the task of regulating the discharge of pollutants with waste waters to water bodies. The problem has scientific and legal aspects. The scientific aspect is the similarity of the harmful effect of various substances on living organisms. Attention is drawn to the fact that in the tasks of normalization of discharge of waste water, it is advisable to calculate the complex negative effect of substances according to the limiting signs of harmfulness (LSH). Concerning the legal aspect of the problem, the article shows a contradiction between the normative and legal documents regulating the discharge of waste water, in terms of taking into account complex indicators. Namely, the current "Hygienic standards of water quality of water bodies to meet the drinking, household and other needs of the population" provide for the need to observe water quality taking into account LSHs, and in the "Rules for the protection of surface waters from pollution by waste waters" and "Methodological recommendations on the development of standards for the maximum permissible discharges (MDS) of pollutants into water bodies with waste waters" there is no requirement to take into account LSHs. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is made about the need to adjust the legislative and methodological documents that regulate the calculation of the MDS of pollutants to water bodies, in terms of taking into account complex indicators of the quality of natural water.

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Boullemant, Amiel, Jean-Pierre Gagné, Claude Fortin, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Interactions of hydrophobic metal complexes and their constituents with aquatic humic substances." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 5 (2007): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07046.

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Environmental context. Lipophilic metal complexes, because they can readily cross biological membranes, are especially bioavailable. However, in natural waters these complexes do not necessarily exist in a free state, i.e. they may bind to the organic matter (humic substances) that is present in natural waters. It follows that the in situ bioavailability of lipophilic metal complexes will tend to be less than that measured in simple laboratory experiments. Abstract. The ability of dissolved humic substances (HS: fulvic and humic acids) to complex cationic metals is well known, but their interactions with neutral lipophilic metal complexes are little understood. In the present study, we have examined the behaviour of two such complexes ( Cd L 2 0 -->Cd L02: L = DDC = diethyldithiocarbamate, or L = XANT = ethylxanthate) in the presence of Suwannee River Humic and Fulvic acids. Interactions between the neutral complexes and the humic substances were assessed by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 5.5 and 7.0, and by equilibrium dialysis experiments (500 Da cut-off). The EEM measurements were carried out by titrating the humic substances (6.5 mg C L–1) with Cd, in the absence or presence of ligand L (1 µM DDC or 100 µM XANT). Given the very high stability constants for the complexation of cadmium by DDC and XANT and the excess ligand concentration, virtually all (>96%) of the Cd added to the L + HS matrix was calculated to be present as the neutral Cd L 2 0 -->CdL20 complex over the entire pH range tested. For both humic substances, addition of DDC or XANT alone led to shifts in the fluorescence spectra at both pH values, indicating that the DDC– and XANT– anions likely interact by electrostatic or hydrogen bonding within the humic molecules. The subsequent addition of Cd to these L + HS systems resulted in a disproportionately large enhancement of the fluorescence intensities of individual EEM peaks, this fluorescence enhancement being only slightly decreased by the shift from pH 7.0 to 5.5. We interpret this enhancement as evidence that the two neutral complexes associate with the humic substances, presumably by forming ternary complexes (Ln-Cd-HS). Hydrophobic interactions between the humic substances and the neutral complexes may also contribute, but to a lesser extent, as demonstrated by partitioning calculations based on the lipophilicity of the neutral complexes. The association of the neutral complexes with Suwannee River Humic Acid was confirmed by dialysis experiments.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Complex natural substances'

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