Journal articles: 'Complex experimental design'

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Nystrom, Jared, Raymond R. Hill, Andrew Geyer, Joseph J. Pignatiello Jr., and Eric Chicken. "Experimental design in complex model formulation for lightning prediction." International Journal of Experimental Design and Process Optimisation 6, no. 4 (2021): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijedpo.2021.123109.

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Ulanov, Alexander, Lubsan-Zondy Budazhapov, Andrey Kazachkov, Igor Kazachkov, and Anatoly Polnomochnov. "Experimental seeding complex "AK-48"." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 58 (August 5, 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202134405.

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The team of authors developed a new sowing complex "AK-48" with a mechanical drive of seeds, which is characterized by increased sensitivity to hard soils and climatic conditions, original design, ease of operation and maintenance, high productivity and marginality without import saturation. Comparative indicators of the cultivation of spring soft wheat variety Buryatskaya ostistaya for seed purposes according to the average separate sowing technology using a 6-meter "Bystritsa" seeder and the "AK-48" plant in CJSC "Telminskoye" of the Irkutsk region corresponds to the unambiguous distribution of the new complex. Keywords: SOWING COMPLEX, TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ECONOMIC EVALUATION

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VanSuetendael, Richard, and Kamel Rekab. "Evaluating a Complex Debris Dispersion Model Using Experimental Design Techniques." Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication 1, no. 2 (February 2004): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.2175.

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Kean, W. F., C. J. L. Lock, and H. Howard-Lock. "Gold complex research in medical science. Difficulties with experimental design." Inflammopharmacology 1, no. 2 (June 1991): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02735392.

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Bardenheier, Reinhard, and Graham Rogers. "Experimental Simulation of Complex Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1019.

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Fatigue damage plays an increasingly important role in the design of various safety critical components that are exposed simultaneously to thermal and mechanical loads. Non-isothermal conditions, as these are to be found in turbine components, rocket engines, but also in high-speed machining tools makes the understanding even more complex. As the nature of those loading histories is mostly multiaxial, design engineers are interested in material models, which take into account the complexity of stress state and temperature history as well. The experimental validations of those models require specially designed test set-ups. The basic concepts of experimental techniques to perform non-isothermal, uniaxial fatigue tests will be described in general. Test systems, capable to simulate non-isothermal multiaxial stress states are presented. A new miniaturised electrothermalmechanical test rig, which allows testing of small specimens under complex thermomechanical loading conditions, will be discussed.

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Anderson, Janet E., and Penelope Sanderson. "Sonification design for complex work domains: Dimensions and distractors." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 15, no. 3 (2009): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016329.

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Barr, Pippin. "Film Adaptation as Experimental Game Design." Arts 9, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9040103.

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Film adaptation is a popular approach to game design, but it prioritizes blockbuster films and conventional “game-like” qualities of those films, such as shooting, racing, or spatial exploration. This leads to adaptations that tend to use the aesthetics and narratives of films, but which miss out on potential design explorations of more complex cinematic qualities. In this article, I propose an experimental game design method that prioritizes an unconventional selection of films alongside strict game design constraints to explore tensions and affinities between cinema and videogames. By applying this design method and documenting the process and results, I am able both to present an experimental set of videogame film adaptations, along with potentially generative design and development themes. In the end, the project serves as an illustration of the nature of adaptation itself: a series of pointed compromises between the source and the new work.

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Staschen, Carl-Michael, and Louis D. Homer. "Experimental design and estimation of parameters in complex radioligand binding systems." Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics 24, no. 6 (December 1996): 589–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02353482.

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Lipschultz, Claudia A., Yili Li, and Sandra Smith-Gill. "Experimental Design for Analysis of Complex Kinetics Using Surface Plasmon Resonance." Methods 20, no. 3 (March 2000): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/meth.1999.0924.

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Koziel, Slawomir, and Adrian Bekasiewicz. "Low-cost multi-objective optimization and experimental validation of UWB MIMO antenna." Engineering Computations 33, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 1246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-07-2015-0201.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to validate methodologies for expedited multi-objective design optimization of complex antenna structures both numerically and experimentally. Design/methodology/approach – The task of identifying the best possible trade-offs between the antenna size and its electrical performance is formulated as multi-objective optimization problem. Algorithmic frameworks are described for finding Pareto-optimal designs using auxiliary surrogate models and two alternative approaches to design refinement: response correction techniques and co-kriging. Numerical and experimental case studies are provided to demonstrate feasibility of solving real-world and complex antenna design tasks. Findings – It is possible, through appropriate combination of the surrogate modeling techniques (both data driven and physics based) and response correction methods, to find the set of alternative designs representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting design objectives, here, electrical performance and size. Design optimization can be performed at practically feasible computational costs. Research limitations/implications – The study demonstrates feasibility of automated multi-objective design optimization of antennas at low computational cost. The presented techniques reach beyond the commonly used design approaches based on parameter sweeps and similar hands-on methods, particularly in terms of automation, reliability and reduction of the computational costs of the design processes. Originality/value – Multi-objective design of antenna structures is very challenging when high-fidelity electromagnetic simulations are utilized for performance evaluation of the structure at hand. The proposed design framework permits rapid optimization of complex structures (here, MIMO antenna), which is hardly possible using conventional methods.

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Bernard, Aimee Pugh, and Scott B. Thompson. "CARTOONING AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR TEACHING EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 54.08. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.54.08.

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Abstract Medical education and scientific thinking often involve understanding complex experimental methods. We utilized cartooning as an active learning method for understanding complex experimental methods from a diverse array of scientific articles in an undergraduate scientific thinking course. Here we describe our implementation of cartooning and how it can be used as tool to enhance clarity, instruction, and analysis. A cartoon is a drawing or series of drawings used to illustrate an action or subject. In our implementation as a teaching tool, students created cartoons of experimental methods from a variety of assigned readings using a digital platform to visualize their understanding of the experimental procedures. Cartoons created on the same experimental method by different individuals are rarely identical, thus exposing the entire class to a diversity of understanding. When students produce cartoons demonstrating differences in experimental methods, the flexible nature of cartooning enables editing or the addition of details to improve the accuracy of the illustrated procedure. Additionally, over the course of the semester the level of detail and clarity of the cartoons evolves thus serving as qualitative assessment of student understanding of experimental procedures throughout the course. Cartooning enables students to visualize their understanding of complex scientific methods and to think critically about the experimental design process. Visualization of how students represent experimental methods reinforces the deeply thoughtful and creative nature of experimental design as well as facilitates the assessment of student growth and evolving comprehension of the scientific method.

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Kasmi, C., M. Hélier, M. Darces, and E. Prouff. "Design of Experiments for Factor Hierarchization in Complex Structure Modelling." Advanced Electromagnetics 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v2i1.136.

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Modelling the power-grid network is of fundamental interest to analyse the conducted propagation of unintentional and intentional electromagnetic interferences. The propagation is indeed highly influenced by the channel behaviour. In this paper, we investigate the effects of appliances and the position of cables in a low voltage network. First, the power-grid architecture is described. Then, the principle of Experimental Design is recalled. Next, the methodology is applied to power-grid modelling. Finally, we propose an analysis of the statistical moments of the experimental design results. Several outcomes are provided to describe the effects induced by parameter variability on the conducted propagation of spurious compromising emanations.

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Rakic-Kostic, Tijana, Jovana Bogojeski, Iva Popovic, Maja Nesic, Boris Rajcic, Marija Nisavic, Marijana Petkovic, and Suzana Velickovic. "Experimental design for optimizing MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of palladium complexes." Chemical Industry 71, no. 4 (2017): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind160614038r.

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This paper presents optimization of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer (MS) instrumental parameters for the analysis of chloro(2,2'',2"-terpyridine)palladium(II) chloride dihydrate complex applying design of experiments methodology (DoE). This complex is of interest for potential use in the cancer therapy. DoE methodology was proved to succeed in optimization of many complex analytical problems. However, it has been poorly used for MALDI-TOF-MS optimization up to now. The theoretical mathematical relationships which explain the influence of important experimental factors (laser energy, grid voltage and number of laser shots) on the selected responses (signal to noise ? S/N ratio and the resolution ? R of the leading peak) is established. The optimal instrumental settings providing maximal S/N and R are identified and experimentally verified.

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Mohamed, Mohamed, David Carty, John Storr, Nicola Zuelli, Paul Blackwell, and David Savings. "Feasibility Study of Complex Sheet Hydroforming Process: Experimental and Modelling." Key Engineering Materials 716 (October 2016): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.716.685.

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The application of finite element method (FEM) in the area of metal forming and material processing has significantly increased in the recent years. The presented study provides details of the development of a finite element modelling approach to form a part via sheet hydroforming (SHF) process. Both FEM analysis and experimental trials were introduced in this study to produce a complex shape component from Inconel 718 material. The FEM provides a robust feasibility study for forming this part in terms of blank design, load path and process design optimisation. The simulated hydroformed part was validated by performing experimental trials. The analysis demonstrated close correlation between the predicted FE model and the physical trial.

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Rus, Guillermo, and Juan Melchor. "Logical Inference Framework for Experimental Design of Mechanical Characterization Procedures." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18092984.

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Optimizing an experimental design is a complex task when a model is required for indirect reconstruction of physical parameters from the sensor readings. In this work, a formulation is proposed to unify the probabilistic reconstruction of mechanical parameters and an optimization problem. An information-theoretic framework combined with a new metric of information density is formulated providing several comparative advantages: (i) a straightforward way to extend the formulation to incorporate additional concurrent models, as well as new unknowns such as experimental design parameters in a probabilistic way; (ii) the model causality required by Bayes’ theorem is overridden, allowing generalization of contingent models; and (iii) a simpler formulation that avoids the characteristic complex denominator of Bayes’ theorem when reconstructing model parameters. The first step allows the solving of multiple-model reconstructions. Further extensions could be easily extracted, such as robust model reconstruction, or adding alternative dimensions to the problem to accommodate future needs.

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Knight, Kenneth L. "Study/Experimental/Research Design: Much More Than Statistics." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.1.98.

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Abstract Context: The purpose of study, experimental, or research design in scientific manuscripts has changed significantly over the years. It has evolved from an explanation of the design of the experiment (ie, data gathering or acquisition) to an explanation of the statistical analysis. This practice makes “Methods” sections hard to read and understand. Objective: To clarify the difference between study design and statistical analysis, to show the advantages of a properly written study design on article comprehension, and to encourage authors to correctly describe study designs. Description: The role of study design is explored from the introduction of the concept by Fisher through modern-day scientists and the AMA Manual of Style. At one time, when experiments were simpler, the study design and statistical design were identical or very similar. With the complex research that is common today, which often includes manipulating variables to create new variables and the multiple (and different) analyses of a single data set, data collection is very different than statistical design. Thus, both a study design and a statistical design are necessary. Advantages: Scientific manuscripts will be much easier to read and comprehend. A proper experimental design serves as a road map to the study methods, helping readers to understand more clearly how the data were obtained and, therefore, assisting them in properly analyzing the results.

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Moreland, Jeffrey C., Julia L. Sharp, and Philip J. Brown. "Lab-Scale Fiber Spinning Experimental Design Cost Comparison." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 1 (March 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500105.

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Many statistical experimental designs are too costly or require too much raw material to be feasible for lab-scale fiber spinning experiments. In this study a four-factor response surface design is presented to study the fiber spinning process in detail at the lab scale. The time, cost, and amount of raw material required to execute the proposed design are compared to the typical completely randomized 24 factorial design used in fiber spinning experiments and also to a standard four-factor response surface design. Sample fiber data as well as analysis from a typical statistical software package is provided to further demonstrate the differences between each design. By designating some treatment factors in the design as hard-to-change, split-plotting is used to reduce the time, cost, and amount of raw material required to complete the experiment. The proposed split-plot design is faster and less expensive than a typical factorial design and has the advantage of fitting a more complex second-order model to the system. When compared to a standard response surface design, the proposed split-plot design provides the same second-order modeling capabilities but reduces the cost of the experiment by 53%, the total time by 36%, and the amount of polymer required by 24%. Thus, a split-plot response surface design based on hard-to-change factors is recommended in lab-scale spinning.

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Schenkendorf, René, Xiangzhong Xie, Moritz Rehbein, Stephan Scholl, and Ulrike Krewer. "The Impact of Global Sensitivities and Design Measures in Model-Based Optimal Experimental Design." Processes 6, no. 4 (March 21, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6040027.

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In the field of chemical engineering, mathematical models have been proven to be an indispensable tool for process analysis, process design, and condition monitoring. To gain the most benefit from model-based approaches, the implemented mathematical models have to be based on sound principles, and they need to be calibrated to the process under study with suitable model parameter estimates. Often, the model parameters identified by experimental data, however, pose severe uncertainties leading to incorrect or biased inferences. This applies in particular in the field of pharmaceutical manufacturing, where usually the measurement data are limited in quantity and quality when analyzing novel active pharmaceutical ingredients. Optimally designed experiments, in turn, aim to increase the quality of the gathered data in the most efficient way. Any improvement in data quality results in more precise parameter estimates and more reliable model candidates. The applied methods for parameter sensitivity analyses and design criteria are crucial for the effectiveness of the optimal experimental design. In this work, different design measures based on global parameter sensitivities are critically compared with state-of-the-art concepts that follow simplifying linearization principles. The efficient implementation of the proposed sensitivity measures is explicitly addressed to be applicable to complex chemical engineering problems of practical relevance. As a case study, the homogeneous synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione, a scaffold for the preparation of various protein kinase inhibitors, is analyzed followed by a more complex model of biochemical reactions. In both studies, the model-based optimal experimental design benefits from global parameter sensitivities combined with proper design measures.

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Andersen, Emil, Kosa Goucher-Lambert, Jonathan Cagan, and Anja Maier. "Attention affordances: Applying attention theory to the design of complex visual interfaces." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xap0000349.

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Chen, Zhi Yuan, Shao Bin Huang, and Li Li Han. "A Fast Approach of Locating Complex System Design Errors." Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.115.

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Model checking technique can give a specific counterexample which explains how the system violates some assertion when model does not satisfy the specification. However, it is a tedious work to understand the long counterexamples. We propose a genetic algorithm to enhance the efficiency of understanding long counterexample by computing the minimal unsatisfiable subformula. Besides, we also propose a Craig interpolation computation-based method to understand counterexample. The causes which are responsible for model failure are extracted by deriving interpolation from the proof of the nonsatisfiability of the initial state and the weakest precondition of counterexample. Experimental results show that our methods improve the efficiency of understanding counterexamples and debugging significantly.

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Xu-Bin, Li, Zhang Zhi-Min, and Wang Qiang. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Preform Design for High Rib Complex AA7075 Component." Information Technology Journal 12, no. 16 (August 1, 2013): 3926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2013.3926.3930.

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Copelli, Sabrina, Marco Derudi, Renato Rota, Angelo Lunghi, and Christian Pasturenzi. "Experimental Design of Topological Curves to Safely Optimize Highly Exothermic Complex Reacting Systems." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 17 (September 7, 2011): 9910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie200017f.

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Girault, Isabelle, and Cédric d’Ham. "Scaffolding a Complex Task of Experimental Design in Chemistry with a Computer Environment." Journal of Science Education and Technology 23, no. 4 (November 17, 2013): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10956-013-9481-5.

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Tansel, I. N., S. Gülmez, M. Demetgul, and Ş. Aykut. "Taguchi Method–GONNS integration: Complete procedure covering from experimental design to complex optimization." Expert Systems with Applications 38, no. 5 (May 2011): 4780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.09.170.

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Chibah, Arezki, Mohamed Menaa, Krim Yazid, Ahmed Boufertella, Hammou Djadi, and Mohamed Boudour. "Experimental design of a new fast sensorless control of DFIG in complex domain." IET Electric Power Applications 13, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 581–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2018.5008.

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Pokusaev, Mikhail Nikolaevich, Konstantin Evgenievich Khmelnitsky, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Khmelnitskaya, Mikhail Fedorovich Rudenko, Alexei Alekseevich Kadin, and Galina Gennadievna Klochkova. "Modification of design of small experimental tank for complex tests of outboard motors." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2022, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-4-19-26.

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When studying the characteristics of the outboard motors with capacity of more than 10 kW weighing over 100 kg at full equipment, the Department of Water Transport Operation of Astrakhan State Technical University needed to change the design of a small experimental tank. Previously, the small experimental tank was adapted for testing outboard motors with capacity not exceeding 8 l/s - 6 kW and weight up to 25 kg having such technical indicators as the screw stop, the developed power of the outboard motor, tank water temperature, exhaust gas temperature, fuel consumption, rate of heating the aquatic environment during the engine operation, the number of revolutions of the engine crankshaft, the number of revolutions of the screw, with possibility of environmental studies of noise levels, vibration levels, as well as harmful discharges and exhaust emissions of outboard motors by sampling water and gases. In addition to sensors and devices designed to measure technical and environmental indicators, the small experimental tank was previously equipped with an auxiliary equipment: supply and exhaust ventilation, a water level gauge in a basin tank, a steam compressor refrigeration unit, a water supply and drainage system with sampling fittings, a gas sampling probe, a rotary rod for installing a noise meter, a platform with steps, general and local lighting fixtures. There has been illustrated a layout of an experimental tank covered with heat-insulating paint from the outside. In the course of changing the structure there was installed a lifting boom and an external transom. The tank bowl was upgraded by installing a bypass pipe. The described technical solutions have expanded the possibilities of the small experimental tank in conducting the research on outboard motors.

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Gongora, Aldair E., Bowen Xu, Wyatt Perry, Chika Okoye, Patrick Riley, Kristofer G. Reyes, Elise F. Morgan, and Keith A. Brown. "A Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher for mechanical design." Science Advances 6, no. 15 (April 2020): eaaz1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1708.

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While additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated the production of complex structures, it has also highlighted the immense challenge inherent in identifying the optimum AM structure for a given application. Numerical methods are important tools for optimization, but experiment remains the gold standard for studying nonlinear, but critical, mechanical properties such as toughness. To address the vastness of AM design space and the need for experiment, we develop a Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher (BEAR) that combines Bayesian optimization and high-throughput automated experimentation. In addition to rapidly performing experiments, the BEAR leverages iterative experimentation by selecting experiments based on all available results. Using the BEAR, we explore the toughness of a parametric family of structures and observe an almost 60-fold reduction in the number of experiments needed to identify high-performing structures relative to a grid-based search. These results show the value of machine learning in experimental fields where data are sparse.

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Drga, Juraj, Michal Holubčík, and Stanislav Gavlas. "Design of an Experimental Device for Simulation of Pipeline Expansion." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032803005.

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This article describes the design of an experimental device for simulating pipe expansion. The device consisted of various variants of compensating elements and types of piping materials. Based on this, a 3D model was developed, together with numerical design calculations of compensators. Subsequently, a more complex analysis was performed by using the CAE Pipe calculation program, which performed calculations of dilatations, forces at fixed points and stresses in the pipeline.

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Tian, Li, Jianmin Zheng, Nadia Magnenat Thalmann, Hanhui Li, Qifa Wang, Jialin Tao, and Yiyu Cai. "Design of a Single-Material Complex Structure Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091124.

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In the field of robotic hand design, soft body and anthropomorphic design are two trends with a promising future. Designing soft body anthropomorphic robotic hands with human-like grasping ability, but with a simple and reliable structure, is a challenge that still has not been not fully solved. In this paper, we present an anatomically correct robotic hand 3D model that aims to realize the human hand’s functionality using a single type of 3D-printable material. Our robotic hand 3D model is combined with bones, ligaments, tendons, pulley systems, and tissue. We also describe the fabrication method to rapidly produce our robotic hand in 3D printing, wherein all parts are made by elastic 50 A (shore durometer) resin. In the experimental section, we show that our robotic hand has a similar motion range to a human hand with substantial grasping strength and compare it with the latest other designs of anthropomorphic robotic hands. Our new design greatly reduces the fabrication cost and assembly time. Compared with other robotic hand designs, we think our robotic hand may induce a new approach to the design and production of robotic hands as well as other related mechanical structures.

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Li, Xin, Guodong Cheng, Shaomin Liu, Qing Xiao, Mingguo Ma, Rui Jin, Tao Che, et al. "Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER): Scientific Objectives and Experimental Design." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00154.1.

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A major research plan entitled “Integrated research on the ecohydrological process of the Heihe River Basin” was launched by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2010. One of the key aims of this research plan is to establish a research platform that integrates observation, data management, and model simulation to foster twenty-first-century watershed science in China. Based on the diverse needs of interdisciplinary studies within this research plan, a program called the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER) was implemented. The overall objective of HiWATER is to improve the observability of hydrological and ecological processes, to build a world-class watershed observing system, and to enhance the applicability of remote sensing in integrated ecohydrological studies and water resource management at the basin scale. This paper introduces the background, scientific objectives, and experimental design of HiWATER. The instrumental setting and airborne mission plans are also outlined. The highlights are the use of a flux observing matrix and an eco-hydrological wireless sensor network to capture multiscale heterogeneities and to address complex problems, such as heterogeneity, scaling, uncertainty, and closing water cycle at the watershed scale. HiWATER was formally initialized in May 2012 and will last four years until 2015. Data will be made available to the scientific community via the Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China. International scientists are welcome to participate in the field campaign and use the data in their analyses.

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Schaarschmidt, Frank, and Lea Vaas. "Analysis of Trials with Complex Treatment Structure Using Multiple Contrast Tests." HortScience 44, no. 1 (February 2009): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.1.188.

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Experiments with complex treatment structures are not uncommon in horticultural research. For example, in augmented factorial designs, one control treatment is added to a full factorial arrangement, or an experiment might be arranged as a two-factorial design with some groups omitted because they are practically not of interest. Several statistical procedures have been proposed to analyze such designs. Suitable linear models followed by F-tests provide only global inference for main effects and their interactions. Orthogonal contrasts are demanding to formulate and cannot always reflect all experimental questions underlying the design. Finally, simple mean comparisons following global F-tests do not control the overall error rate of the experiment in the strong sense. In this article, we show how multiple contrast tests can be used as a tool to address the experimental questions underlying complex designs while preserving the overall error rate of the conclusions. Using simultaneous confidence intervals allows for displaying the direction, magnitude, and relevance of the mean comparisons of interest. Along with application in statistical software, shown by two examples, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of the proposed approach.

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Swain, Digendranath, Jeby Philip, and S. Annamala Pillai. "Assessment of a Complex Aerospace Design through Optical Techniques." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1006–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1006.

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This paper reports the design assessment carried out on a subassembly of an advanced rocket using experimental techniques. The design was very complex and critical, since a cylindrical shell had a square cutout on the axial-hoop plane interacting with a notch in the axial-radial plane. Herein, two optical techniques have been employed for assessing the interaction between the notch and the cutout, and their individual contributions to the strain-field. Initially, a photoelastic model was studied to estimate the stresses at the notch tip. Subsequently, DIC was employed for measuring strains at the notch during the ground based testing of the actual component. The outcomes of these two experiments showed that the effect of the cutout to the strain concentration was negligible due to the extra stiffness provided by other assemblies.

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Nikiforov, Igor. "Mechanical processing of complex profile aluminum products." E3S Web of Conferences 402 (2023): 10013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340210013.

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The operability of the mechanism or machine design may be impaired due to premature destruction of products of this design. The article considers a method of machining products of a complex profile made of aluminum. The results of theoretical studies and experimental studies are presented. The problems of machining aluminum surfaces were identified. The author has proposed a method of machining aluminum products with a complex profile.

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Zhao, Jun Jie, Yan Lin He, Na Qiong Zhu, Mei Zhang, and Lin Li. "Thermodynamic Calculation and Experimental Study on Complex Phase Steel." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.349.

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Using Thermo-calc software, transformation points as well as bainite starting temperature of the CP steel studied in the present work were calculated. Based on the measured CCT curve, the steels were treated at different conditions using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation tester. To study the effects of cooling conditions on mechanical properties and microstructure of the steels after austenization, a combination of tensile tests at room temperature, SEM and TEM techniques was applied. Results showed that effective design of chemical composition and heat treatments can be achieved using Thermo-Calc software. The CP steel with carbon equivalent of 0.43% achieved B/M complex microstructure when austenized at 975 °C and followed by isothermal holding at bainitic transformation temperature of 450 °C. The tensile strength is 843.29 MPa and the elongation is 14.28%.

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Sintra, Diana, and Luísa Agante. "Edutainment in childhood obesity prevention: a complex topic." Young Consumers 21, no. 3 (May 7, 2020): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-09-2019-1050.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to see if edutainment containing only healthy food can change children’s preferences and food choices toward healthy eating, especially in overweight or obese children, and if the children’s self-regulation, emotional overeating and parents that use food as a reward would influence those changes. This is important because childhood obesity is one of the biggest public health problems of the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a study in two public schools (total 189 children) with a between-subjects experimental design (control vs experimental group), where children in experimental group watched an episode of Nutri Ventures series without unhealthy foods. Findings The results showed no differences in both children’s preferences and children’s food choices between the control and experimental group, with exception of older children, and contrary to our expectations. Older children in the experimental group chose more unhealthy food than children in the control group. The authors also saw differences in food choices between “emotional overeating” groups, where the children in “high” group tended to choose less healthy food items, especially in the experimental group of children. This leads the authors to believe that isolated edutainment may not be enough to change preferences and food choices; instead it might even have an opposite effect. Originality/value This study aimed to identify if edutainment containing only healthy food could be more effective in childhood obesity prevention but instead it showed how complex the whole topic can be.

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Troyanovskaya, Irina, Olga Grebenshchikova, and Ivan Zhitenko. "Process of soil destruction: experimental results." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800041.

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The article presents the results of experimental studies of the ripping resistance force on a tracked bulldozer-ripper manufactured by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The experiment covers three ripping depths and eight angles. It has been experimentally established that the dependence of the ripping resistance force on each of these parameters is quadratic. The authors propose the use of a complex parameter which is equal to the product of the ripping depth by the angle when studying the ripping process. The use of the complex parameter for two-factor analysis allowed them to reduce the degree of the studied dependence while preserving the required accuracy. The complex parameter reflects the relationship between the design parameters of the ripper tooth, the ripping depth, and angle.

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Lomeli, Luis Martinez, Abdon Iniguez, Prasanthi Tata, Nilamani Jena, Zhong-Ying Liu, Richard Van Etten, Arthur D. Lander, Babak Shahbaba, John S. Lowengrub, and Vladimir N. Minin. "Optimal experimental design for mathematical models of haematopoiesis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 18, no. 174 (January 2021): 20200729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2020.0729.

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The haematopoietic system has a highly regulated and complex structure in which cells are organized to successfully create and maintain new blood cells. It is known that feedback regulation is crucial to tightly control this system, but the specific mechanisms by which control is exerted are not completely understood. In this work, we aim to uncover the underlying mechanisms in haematopoiesis by conducting perturbation experiments, where animal subjects are exposed to an external agent in order to observe the system response and evolution. We have developed a novel Bayesian hierarchical framework for optimal design of perturbation experiments and proper analysis of the data collected. We use a deterministic model that accounts for feedback and feedforward regulation on cell division rates and self-renewal probabilities. A significant obstacle is that the experimental data are not longitudinal, rather each data point corresponds to a different animal. We overcome this difficulty by modelling the unobserved cellular levels as latent variables. We then use principles of Bayesian experimental design to optimally distribute time points at which the haematopoietic cells are quantified. We evaluate our approach using synthetic and real experimental data and show that an optimal design can lead to better estimates of model parameters.

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Krapivnitckaia, Tatiana, Svetlana Ananicheva, Alisa Alyeva, Andrey Denisenko, Mikhail Glyavin, Nikolai Peskov, Dmitriy Sobolev, and Sergey Zelentsov. "Experimental Complex for Peat Fragmentation by Low-Temperature Microwave Pyrolysis." Processes 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11071924.

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The design of a technological complex for microwave processing of organic materials is proposed. The electrodynamic system of an oversized microwave reactor for low-temperature pyrolysis has been developed. The constructive elements of the complex that allow its continuous failure-free operation in conditions of high radiation intensity are described. Based on the prototype of the elaborated reactor, model experiments on microwave pyrolysis of peat were carried out. The elemental composition of the solid fraction was analyzed during the conducted experiments. The possibility of the efficiency enhancement of the proposed processing method and potential applications of the novel technology are discussed.

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Crabbe, M. J. C. "Aldose reductase and the importance of experimental design." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0311367.

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Kinetic studies on the AR (aldose reductase) protein have shown that it does not behave as a classical enzyme in relation to ring aldose sugars. As with non-enzymatic glycation reactions, there is probably a free-radical element involved derived from monosaccharide autoxidation. In the case of AR, there is free radical oxidation of NADPH by autoxidizing monosaccharides, which is enhanced in the presence of the NADPH-binding protein. Thus any assay for AR based on the oxidation of NADPH in the presence of autoxidizing monosaccharides is invalid, and tissue AR measurements based on this method are also invalid, and should be reassessed. AR exhibits broad specificity for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic aldehydes that suggests that the protein may be involved in detoxification. The last thing we would want to do is to inhibit it. ARIs (AR inhibitors) have a number of actions in the cell which are not specific, and which do not involve them binding to AR. These include peroxy-radical scavenging and effects of metal ion chelation. The AR/ARI story emphasizes the importance of correct experimental design in all biocatalytic experiments. Developing the use of Bayesian utility functions, we have used a systematic method to identify the optimum experimental designs for a number of kinetic model data sets. This has led to the identification of trends between kinetic model types, sets of design rules and the key conclusion that such designs should be based on some prior knowledge of Km and/or the kinetic model. We suggest an optimal and iterative method for selecting features of the design such as the substrate range, number of measurements and choice of intermediate points. The final design collects data suitable for accurate modelling and analysis and minimizes the error in the parameters estimated, and is suitable for simple or complex steady-state models.

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Zhou, Jiaming, Longlei Dong, Jian Yan, and Wei Guan. "Optimization design framework: Guiding the design of nonlinear structures with experimental data and machine learning." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 64, no. 1-4 (December 10, 2020): 853–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-209398.

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The optimization design of complex nonlinear structures mainly relies on expert experiences and trial and error. In this paper, we proposed an optimization design framework for nonlinear structures by combining experimental data and machine learning. The framework can search the entire design space and guide the next experiment by machine learning model until the optimization targets are met. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of this framework, we have optimized the damping efficiency and principal resonance frequency (PRF) of an Electricity Distribution System (EDS) with eight rubber isolators. The results show that the design targets of the optimized structure are consistent with the experimental results after two iterations. This framework is able to guide and accelerate nonlinear structure design and has significant value for engineering applications.

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Rodrigues, Ana M., Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros, and Carla António. "Experimental Design and Sample Preparation in Forest Tree Metabolomics." Metabolites 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9120285.

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Appropriate experimental design and sample preparation are key steps in metabolomics experiments, highly influencing the biological interpretation of the results. The sample preparation workflow for plant metabolomics studies includes several steps before metabolite extraction and analysis. These include the optimization of laboratory procedures, which should be optimized for different plants and tissues. This is particularly the case for trees, whose tissues are complex matrices to work with due to the presence of several interferents, such as oleoresins, cellulose. A good experimental design, tree tissue harvest conditions, and sample preparation are crucial to ensure consistency and reproducibility of the metadata among datasets. In this review, we discuss the main challenges when setting up a forest tree metabolomics experiment for mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis covering all technical aspects from the biological question formulation and experimental design to sample processing and metabolite extraction and data acquisition. We also highlight the importance of forest tree metadata standardization in metabolomics studies.

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Savic, Ivana, Goran Nikolic, Ivan Savic, Milorad Cakic, Aleksandar Dosic, and Janos Canadi. "Modeling the bioactive copper(II) complex stability by the use of an experimental design." Chemical Industry 66, no. 5 (2012): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120120021s.

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A new organic-inorganic complex based on copper ions with pullulan polysaccharide can be used for the treatment of copper deficiency in human organism. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to carry out the stress stability study of this potential active substance by the use of mathematical modelling. A full factorial design was successfully applied for the stability studying. The electrical conductivity was taken as the response, while the degradation time, concentration of the oxidative agent, temperature, and pH value were used as the independent variables. All process variables were analyzed at the three levels. On the basis of statistical analysis of data for the thermal stability study, the temperature and degradation time had the main impact on the conductivity of the complex solution. The degradation time had the significant effect in the case of oxidative stability study. In addition to the degradation time, the pH value and the temperature had the significant effect on the complex stability for the hydrolytic stability study.

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SHUTIN, D. V., A. S. FETISOV, YU N. KAZAKOV, and A. YU BABIN. "EXPERIMENTAL COMPLEX FOR STUDYING FRICTION IN ACTIVE JOURNAL BEARINGS." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 6 (2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-344-6-77-85.

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One of the most important characteristics taken into account when designing machines is their efficiency. Active fluid-film bearings are able to influence tribological processes and reduce frictional energy, which increases the efficiency of the machine. For experimental determination of friction and verification of simulation results, an experimental complex was created, which makes it possible to directly measure the moment of friction force in active journal bearings. The complex is based on a rotor-bearing system with a rigid rotor on one active and one passive bearing. The information-measuring system includes a set of sensors and has the ability to control servo valves of active hybrid bearings. The system interface is based on virtual devices and allows both monitoring the state of the rotor-bearing system in real time and recording signals for their subsequent processing. The article contains a description of design and the principle of operation of the complex, including the features of processing various sensor signals, as well as a description of measures to improve measurement quality.

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Cruz, Maria Clara P., Cleide Mara F. Soares, Renan T. Figueiredo, Eliane B. Cavalcanti, R. E. Souza, and Paulo Mário M. Araújo. "Experimental Design in the Study of Galvanic Corrosion: A Resource for Complex Electrochemical Environment." ECS Transactions 43, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.4704943.

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Agatonović-Kuštrin, S., Lj Živanović, D. Radulović, and M. Vasiljević. "Experimental design applied to a spectrophotometric study of a diclofenac sodium–copper(II) complex." Analyst 116, no. 7 (1991): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9911600753.

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Papadimitriou, Costas, and Costas Argyris. "Bayesian optimal experimental design for parameter estimation and response predictions in complex dynamical systems." Procedia Engineering 199 (2017): 972–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.205.

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Anselmetti, B., H. Mejbri, and K. Mawussi. "Coupling experimental design—digital simulation of junctions for the development of complex tolerance chains." Computers in Industry 50, no. 3 (April 2003): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-3615(03)00020-4.

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Faraone, Stephen V., John C. Simpson, and Walter A. Brown. "Mathematical models of complex dose-response relationships: Implications for experimental design in psychopharmacologic research." Statistics in Medicine 11, no. 5 (1992): 685–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780110512.

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Saleem, Omer, Faisal Abbas, and Jamshed Iqbal. "Complex Fractional-Order LQIR for Inverted-Pendulum-Type Robotic Mechanisms: Design and Experimental Validation." Mathematics 11, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11040913.

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This article presents a systematic approach to formulate and experimentally validate a novel Complex Fractional Order (CFO) Linear Quadratic Integral Regulator (LQIR) design to enhance the robustness of inverted-pendulum-type robotic mechanisms against bounded exogenous disturbances. The CFO controllers, an enhanced variant of the conventional fractional-order controllers, are realised by assigning pre-calibrated complex numbers to the order of the integral and differential operators in the control law. This arrangement significantly improves the structural flexibility of the control law, and hence, subsequently strengthens its robustness against the parametric uncertainties and nonlinear disturbances encountered by the aforementioned under-actuated system. The proposed control procedure uses the ubiquitous LQIR as the baseline controller that is augmented with CFO differential and integral operators. The fractional complex orders in LQIR are calibrated offline by minimising an objective function that aims at attenuating the position-regulation error while economising the control activity. The effectiveness of the CFO-LQIR is benchmarked against its integer and fractional-order counterparts. The ability of each controller to mitigate the disturbances in inverted-pendulum-type robotic systems is rigorously tested by conducting real-time experiments on Quanser single-link rotary pendulum system. The experimental outcomes validate the superior disturbance rejection capability of the CFO-LQIR by yielding rapid transits and strong damping against disturbances while preserving the control input economy and closed-loop stability of the system.

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Baigereyev, Samat, Georgiy Guryanov, and Ol'ga Vasilyeva. "Experimental Investigation Of a New Design of Stirred Media Mill." Bulletin of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Technical Science and Technology Series 142, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7263-2023-142-1-32-43.

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With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the need to improve the efficiency of material grinding processes has increased. One of the criteria for the effectiveness of the process is the product fineness. There are various types of mills for grinding materials, one of which is stirred media mills. The article presents the results of experimental studies of a new design of stirred media mill on the example of sand particles size reduction. The principle of operation of the new mill is based on the organization of complex radial and axial impact on the particles of the material by grinding balls. To ensure this principle, a typical stirred media mill design includes an ellipsoidal rotor and a vibratory drive with springs. The results of the study demonstrated that the maximal product fineness of the mill with an initial sand particle size of 100 µm accounted for 2.32 µm, which is 2.6 times higher than the product fineness obtained in typical stirred media mill designs.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Complex experimental design'

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