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1
1961-, Amberber Mengistu, Baker Brett J. 1967-, and Harvey Mark 1958-, eds. Complex predicates: Cross-linguistic perspectives on event structure. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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2
Kuijlaars, Arno B. J., 1963- and Mo Man Yue, eds. The Hermitian two matrix model with an even quartic potential. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2011.
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3
Bakhoum, Mourad M., and Juan A. Sobrino, eds. Case Studies of Rehabilitation, Repair, Retrofitting, and Strengthening of Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed012.
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<p>This document provides case studies of structural rehabilita-tion, repair, retrofitting, strengthening, and upgrading of structures, which might be encompassed – in short – by the convenient umbrella terms “Conservation / Upgrading of Existing Structures”. The selected studies presented in this SED cover a variety of structural types from different countries.</p> <p>Strengthening and rehabilitation of structures is usually a challenge because of uncertainties associated with old struc-tures and difficulties due to restrictions on the geometry and materials used, as well as other structural or functional con-straints. When repairing an existing structure the engineers involved have plenty of possibilities, lots of constraints, and in some cases there are no applicable codes. Strengthening and rehabilitating is sometimes a complex and exciting work; an art.</p> <p>The book is a summary of practices to help structural engineers. The reader of this book will discover different approaches to put forward strengthening or rehabilitation projects. Even identical technical problems could have very different efficient solutions, as discussed in the papers, considering structural, environmental, economic factors, as well as contractor and designer experience, materials, etc.</p>
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Wijers, Jean Paul, Isabel Amaral, William Hanson, Bengt-Arne Hulleman, and Diana Mather. Protocol to Manage Relationships Today. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724159.
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Protocol to Manage Relationships Today explains the contemporary value of protocol, not only for monarchies or diplomatic institutes, but for any non-profit or for-profit organisation. This book presents modern protocol as a tool to build strong, authentic networks of reciprocal relationships. When used effectively protocol can: - Increase the effect of the networking activities of an organisation. Protocol gives a professional structure to relationship management, to achieve access to the 'right' networks and a reciprocal relationship with the most valued stakeholders. - Deepen relationships. In our world there is so much focus on pragmatism in building relationships - protocol focuses on the common ground to gain value. - Be used as a valuable tool in a post COVID-19 era, where the need for space and time to build real and authentic relationships is well understood. The book defines how tested values perfectly fit in today's society, where modern organisations want to build effective relationships and communities. This book is focused on developing an increasingly vital expertise for professionals who deal with complex relationship management issues on a strategic and tactical operational level. They come from different fields, such as government institutions, non-profit organisations and commercial environments. This book also gives protocol officers a contemporary approach towards the application of protocol. It is not designed as a complete guide to all the rules of protocol, but it describes how to translate the context into a tailor-made protocol for each meeting or event. The book explains protocol as a flexible method to handle unique situations. Protocol is presented on four levels: the 'why' of protocol; the strategic and tactical level; the practical implementation; and the execution of protocol. Protocol to Manage Relationships Today is written by Europe's foremost protocol experts with collective years of experience with the management of networking meetings and events at the highest level.
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Bandini, Gianfranco, ed. Manuali, sussidi e didattica della geografia. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-958-8.
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This publication is comprised within a recent strand of studies devoted to scholastic culture, understood as an original and complex form of mediation between academic and popular culture. The history of scholastic disciplines is actually one of the most innovative and interesting sectors of the social history of education, and also links up with similar initiatives in other academic sectors, even at international level. These include studies on scholastic and educational publishing, the history of professional associations in the area of geography and cartography (both local and national), and on possible interactions between classical geographical studies and technological applications (digital history and geography). The study of geography teaching, in particular, is extremely useful and significant for analysing: the structure, functioning and changes in scholastic culture; the contribution it made at the time of foundation and consolidation of the Italian State and at other times of political and cultural discontinuity and, finally, the tormented relations of scholastic geography with numerous aspects of an ideological nature and related to the building of Italian identity. From a methodical and historical aspect, the approach of this book is distinctly interdisciplinary: it involves specialists from scientific communities that differ in their origins and current structure, but share the same argument of study and the wish for open exchange. The various contributions seek to highlight the close interrelations between past and present in geography, never severing the links between current and historic study, between the educational and operational concerns of today and those of yesterday. Rather, they underscore the importance and advantages of a historic perspective, which can supply useful keys for interpreting the moments of discontinuity and the (ideal and operational) tensions that have distinguished geographical culture, both scholastic and academic. Rassegna stampa: La Vita Scolastica Rivista n. 5 Dicembre 2013
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Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.
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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.
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Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey, and Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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8
Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey, and Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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9
Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey, and Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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10
Amberber, Mengistu. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives On Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
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11
Amberber, Mengistu, Mark Harvey, and Brett Baker. Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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12
Butz, Martin V., and Esther F. Kutter. Decision Making, Control, and Concept Formation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198739692.003.0012.
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While attention controls the internal, mental focus of attention, motor control directs the bodily control focus. Our nervous system is structured in a cascade of interactive control loops, where the primary self-stabilizing control loops can be found directly in the body’s morphology and the muscles themselves. The hierarchical structure enables flexible and selective motor control and the invocation of motor primitives and motor complexes. The learning of motor primitives and complexes again adheres to certain computational systematicities. Redundant behavioral alternatives are encoded in an abstract manner, enabling fast habitual decision making and slower, more elaborated planning processes for realizing context-dependent behavior adaptations. On a higher level, behavior can be segmented into events, during which a particular behavior unfolds, and event boundaries, which characterize the beginning or the end of a behavior. Combinations of events and event boundaries yield event schemata. Hierarchical combinations of event schemata on shorter and longer time scales yield event taxonomies. When developing event boundary detectors, our mind begins to develop environmental conceptualizations. Evidence is available that suggests that such event-oriented conceptualizations are inherently semantic and closely related to linguistic, generative models. Thus, by optimizing behavioral versatility and developing progressively more abstract codes of environmental interactions and manipulations, cognitive encodings develop, which are supporting symbol grounding and grammatical language development.
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Cates, M. Complex fluids: the physics of emulsions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0010.
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These lectures start with the mean field theory for a symmetric binary fluid mixture, addressing interfacial tension, the stress tensor, and the equations of motion (Model H). We then consider the phase separation kinetics of such a mixture: coalescence, Ostwald ripening, its prevention by trapped species, coarsening of bicontinuous states, and the role of shear flow. The third topic addressed is the stabilization of emulsions by using surfactants to reduce or even eliminate the interfacial tension between phases; the physics of bending energy, which becomes relevant in the latter case, is then presented briefly. The final topic is the creation of long-lived metastable emulsions by adsorption of colloidal particles or nanoparticles at the fluid–fluid interface; alongside spherical droplets, these methods can be used to create a range of unconventional structures with potentially interesting properties that are only now being explored.
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Puranam, Phanish. Formal and Informal Structure of Organization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672363.003.0007.
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In this chapter, my aim is describe the links between the formal and informal structure of organizations, and propose a systematic approach to analyzing these links. I first discuss how the two are related and influence each other. Next, revisiting the theme of organizations as “marvels but not miracles” I argue that formal design can be useful even when it not predicated on high levels of comprehension or intelligence. This is because it can compensate for aspects of the informal organization, as well as shape the emergence of the informal organization. I discuss an instance of a micro-structural approach to such issues in some detail, and conclude by offering a multiplex network formulation that can help us make progress in studying the complex interactions between formal and informal organizational structures.
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Slavin, Tanya. Verb stem formation and event composition in Oji-Cree. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778264.003.0012.
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This chapter investigates the structure of the verb stem in Oji-Cree, a dialect of the Algonquian language Ojibwe. It argues that a stem constitutes an independent semantic domain that corresponds to an event. This conception of stems explains why certain roots, called weak roots, must be preceded by modifiers, thereby satisfying a so-called left-edge requirement, while other roots, called strong roots, have no such requirement. Weak roots are semantically deficient and the obligatory pre-radical modifier is necessary to create a complete event. In contrast, an (optional) modifier before a strong root has scope over a complete event. The difference is illustrated by the morpheme /caaki/ ‘all’. When it combines stem-internally, its scope is restricted to internal arguments. However, when it combines stem-externally, it can have a quantificational reading with scope over an external argument. The semantic difference between stem-internal and stem-external composition is also correlated with some phonological differences.
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Wolf, Richard K. Emotional Agents. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038587.003.0002.
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This chapter examines how ritual drummers fit into the larger sociocultural world of music making in South and West Asia. The Shiʻi wedding Muharram Ali attended in Lahore is an example of a ritual sequence with contrasting emotional overtones. The idea that individuals relate to elements in the ways that music might structure other such events and sequences raises the problem of reception. Before discussing how we understand musical meaning in complex events, the chapter situates the musical actors in the sociocultural structures and institutions of South and West Asia. It then considers the role of the individual in religious or other events that diverse populations attend and participate in, as well as the ways actors in such complex events bring forth emotionally coded musical components that themselves have a differential impact on participants' emotional conditions. It shows that the very performance of emotive acts such as music, recitation, sermons, and certain kinds of bodily practice have an effect on those who are collectively making that statement.
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Miksza, Peter, and Kenneth Elpus. Structural Equation Modeling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391905.003.0014.
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This chapter presents structural equation modeling as a tool for conducting research regarding how collections of variables may be related to each other as well as to a particular outcome or even multiple outcomes. Structural equation modeling refers to a collection of analytical techniques that can be used to model complex patterns of predictive relationships among a collection of both measured and latent variables. As a statistical tool, structural equation modeling combines the features of regression and factor analysis. The chapter offers conceptual illustrations and practical steps for carrying out structural equation modeling by describing mediation and moderation analyses in the context of music education research.
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Pagán Cánovas, Cristóbal, and Anna Piata. The Way Time Goes By. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0004.
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Conceptual metaphor theory has used TIME IS SPACE as the paradigmatic case of projection from a concrete to an abstract domain. More recently, within the framework of conceptual integration or blending theory, a more complex view of time–space mappings—and of mappings in general—has been proposed. Rather than a binary, unidirectional projection between the vast experiential domains of TIME and SPACE, the blending account proposes that meanings combining time and motion emerge from successive integrations within a network of relatively small conceptual packets, including event structure, motion from A to B, and a cultural mechanism for measuring duration. We examine how poetic effects can be created by using the conventional opportunities provided by this conceptual template, as well as by manipulating the path (with a linear or circular shape), one of the basic spatial features in this representation. We analyze examples in Greek, English, and Spanish.
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Collini, Stefan. Rationalism, Christianity, and Ambiguity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800170.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the work of William Empson, the critic normally assumed to be the least historical in his approach, especially his close attention to ‘the words on the page’. It shows how even his earliest work, such as Seven Types of Ambiguity and Some Versions of Pastoral, is shot through with historical assumptions—indeed, the latter book contains a short history of class relations in England. It moves on to a full-scale discussion of his most daunting work, The Structure of Complex Words, showing the ways in which it is structured by an interpretation of history between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, revealing Empson to be a significant historian of English ethical life, who did not share the prevailing declinist or anti-Whig perspective.
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Da Costa, Dia. A Hunger Called Theater. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040603.003.0007.
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Budhan Theater’s community-based politics and performance seems perfectly aligned with creative economy discourses, given the optimism with which the indigenous Chhara community embraces the possibility of transcending stigmatized histories of criminality through creative practices and livelihood opportunities. Yet, this chapter complicates this optimism by highlighting the complex affective structures—betrayal, sentimental optimism, cruel pessimism, and ordinary regard—that coconstitute Chhara history of criminality and activist performance. Combining transnational feminism, queer and affect theory, it challenges Lauren Berlant’s cruel optimism and argues that cruel pessimism better describes the affective structure of those compelled to pursue the (bad) good life even while living with colonial capitalism’s ongoing betrayals. Like the Chhara, such putative citizens are compelled to embrace citizenship through their pessimistic critique of its resounding failures.
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Voisin, Claire. Chow Rings, Decomposition of the Diagonal, and the Topology of Families (AM-187). Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691160504.001.0001.
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This book provides an introduction to algebraic cycles on complex algebraic varieties, to the major conjectures relating them to cohomology, and even more precisely to Hodge structures on cohomology. The book is intended for both students and researchers, and not only presents a survey of the geometric methods developed in the last thirty years to understand the famous Bloch-Beilinson conjectures, but also examines recent work by the author. It focuses on two central objects: the diagonal of a variety—and the partial Bloch-Srinivas type decompositions it may have depending on the size of Chow groups—as well as its small diagonal, which is the right object to consider in order to understand the ring structure on Chow groups and cohomology. An exploration of a sampling of recent works by the author looks at the relation, conjectured in general by Bloch and Beilinson, between the coniveau of general complete intersections and their Chow groups and a very particular property satisfied by the Chow ring of K3 surfaces and conjecturally by hyper-Kähler manifolds. In particular, the book delves into arguments originating in Nori's work that have been further developed by others.
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Tolskaya, Inna. Nanosyntax of Russian Verbal Prefixes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0008.
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This chapter addresses the problem of widespread polysemy of Russian verbal prefixes and argues that multiple instantiations of a single prefix share a core conceptual meaning and receive the specific denotations as a function of its syntactic position. A link is demonstrated between the inner structure of a prefix and the PP complement of the prefixed verb, illustrated by five polysemous prefixes that demonstrate an asymmetry in admitting PP complements. Although goal prefixes allow only a goal PP, the more complex source prefixes are compatible with both source and goal, and even more route prefixes are compatible with both source and goal, in addition to route complements. Although the source–goal asymmetry has been pointed out for spatial prefixes before, the fact that the same asymmetry holds for nonspatial use is new and exciting and points to a structural identity of the spatial and nonspatial uses of a prefix.
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Risman, Barbara J. Bringing Gender into the Emerging Adulthood Literature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199324385.003.0009.
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This chapter begins with an overview of the thematic trends that emerged across chapters in these analyses including the relationship between gendered identities and sexuality and the subjective negativity most respondents feel toward their bodies. The analyses are summarized to help understand contemporary meanings attached to masculinities and femininities, as well as to the powerful role of culture to frame understandings about the self, even the materiality of the body. This chapter ends by returning to a discussion of gender as a social structure at this historical moment and how the Millennials wrestle with it as they emerge into adulthood. Conceptualizing gender as a social structure helps us better understand the complex reality of these young people’s lives.
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Elizabeth Whitlark, Rachel. All Options on the Table. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501760341.001.0001.
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When is preventive war chosen to counter nuclear proliferation? This book looks beyond systemic and slow-moving factors such as the distribution of power. Instead, it highlights individual leaders' beliefs to explain when preventive military force is the preferred strategy. Executive perspective—not institutional structure—is paramount. The book makes its argument through archivally based comparative case studies. It focuses on executive decision making regarding nuclear programs in China, North Korea, Iraq, Pakistan, and Syria. The book considers the actions of US presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, as well as Israeli prime ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, and Ehud Olmert. It demonstrates that leaders have different beliefs about the consequences of nuclear proliferation in the international system and their state's ability to deter other states' nuclear activity. These divergent beliefs lead to variation in leaders' preferences regarding the use of preventive military force as a counter-proliferation strategy. The historical evidence amassed in the book bears on strategic assessments of aspiring nuclear powers such as Iran and North Korea. The book argues that only those leaders who believe that nuclear proliferation is destabilizing for the international system will consider preventive force to counter such challenges. In a complex nuclear world, this insight helps explain why the use of force as a counter-proliferation strategy has been an extremely rare historical event.
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Dürsteler, Max R., and Erika N. Lorincz. Stereo Rotation Standstill and Related Illusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0106.
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When we fixate the center of a rotating three-dimensional structure, such as a physically rotating wheel made out of sectors, which stereo cues are encoded with a static random-dot “texture,” a rather striking global motion illusion occurs: the rotating three-dimensional wheel appears as standing still (stereo rotation standstill). Even when using a dynamic (flickering) random-dot texture, it is still impossible to gain a percept of smooth rotation. However, local motion can still be clearly perceived. When the random-dot texture “overlaying” the wheel is also rotating, the concealed wheel is perceived as rotating at the same velocity as the texture, regardless of its velocity (stereo rotation capture). Stereo complex motion standstill and capture is shown to occur for other categories of complex motions such as expanding, contracting, and spiraling motions thus providing evidence for a dominance of luminance inputs over stereo inputs for complex motion detectors in our visual system.
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Foa, Edna B., Kelly R. Chrestman, and Eva Gilboa-Schechtman. Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Adolescents with PTSD Therapist Guide. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195331745.001.0001.
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Traumatic events, including sexual abuse, experiencing or witnessing violence, and natural disasters, are common among adolescents, and this online therapist guide presents a proven treatment for PTSD that has been adapted for the adolescent population. It applies the principles of Prolonged Exposure (PE) to help adolescents emotionally process their traumatic experiences and follows a four-phase treatment where the patients complete each module at their own rate of progress. It includes modules on motivational interviewing, case management, the rationale for treatment, information-gathering about the trauma, common reactions to trauma, and explains that by systematically confronting situations associated with the trauma, adolescents can overcome avoidance and fear. It covers how memory of the traumatic event can help distinguish the past from the present and promote feelings of mastery, and also includes modules on relapse prevention and treatment termination. It covers the importance of the adolescent's age and developmental level while in therapy, and includes developmentally appropriate materials and guidance on tailoring the treatment to each client's unique situation, including trauma type and family structure.
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Hoffmann, Thomas. Abstract Phrasal and Clausal Constructions. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0017.
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This chapter examines abstract phrasal and clausal constructions, the most complex and schematic end of the constructicon cline. It outlines how constructionist approaches can describe and model even the most abstract of syntactic structures. The chapter discusses the arrangement of declarative, interrogative, imperative, and relative clauses in default inheritance networks and points out differences between those Construction Grammar frameworks that take a usage-based approach and those which do not. It also analyzes English comparative correlative construction and provides empirical evidence for a specific intonational signature of this construction.
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Quinn, Roger D., and Roy E. Ritzmann. Principles and mechanisms learned from insects and applied to robotics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0042.
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This chapter explores how insects have provided inspiration for robotic designs over recent decades as biologists have continued to learn more about these complex invertebrate systems. Initial legged robots typically mimicked insects only in terms of their basic six-legged (hexapod) designs and walking gaits. Since then robots have been developed that take advantage of insect leg and wing designs, compliant structures, movement behaviors, reflexes, and even local neural control systems identified in their central nervous systems. Future robots may be controlled with models of entire insect nervous systems including their brains.
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Lichtenstein, Nelson. “The Man in the Middle”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037856.003.0006.
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The study of frontline supervisors—in the factory, office, hospital ward, and academic workplace—is once again making waves. The quest for a more efficient, and perhaps more humane, workplace all too often begins with advice and admonition directed toward those who are charged with supervising the daily work lives of the dozen or so individuals who fall under their direct authority. However, much the discussion, especially that in even the most sophisticated business journals as well as in the sociological and industrial relations literature, has had an ahistorical quality that assumes that the traditional role played by foremen and other frontline supervisors has been determined exclusively by either the technology of production or the structures of management. These have been important, but they cannot be divorced from either the larger politics of production or the changing consciousness of foremen and supervisors in the first half of the twentieth century. This chapter seeks to uncover a slice of this complex history by emphasizing how cultural and political forces, as well as structural changes in the organization of work, shaped the role foremen played in the factory hierarchy.
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Droogmans, Steven, Alessandro Salustri, and Bernard Cosyns. Storage and report. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0005.
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Digital storage and structured reporting of an echocardiographic examination lead not only to increased quality of the image acquisition process, an understandable and clinically relevant exam report, but even more importantly to improved patient care. This chapter first describes the many advantages of a digital echocardiographic laboratory and then in a second part how to report the results of a complete echocardiogram, including mandatory items, recommended items, findings and measurements, comments, and conclusions, emphasizing the main findings of the diagnosis and the severity of the heart disease.
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Richardson, Samuel. Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded. Edited by Albert J. Rivero. Cambridge University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9780511975424.
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Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded is perhaps the most influential novel published in Britain in the eighteenth century. On its first publication in 1740, it became an immediate bestseller. Its epistolary structure, tight plotting and didactic message were praised, imitated, but also criticised and satirised. This new critical edition of Samuel Richardson's first novel features an authoritative text based on the first edition, general and textual introductions, extensive explanatory notes and textual apparatus. Appendices provide bibliographical descriptions of all lifetime editions as well as the editions of 1801 and 1810, Richardson's introduction to the second edition (fully annotated), and the illustrations and Richardson's index from the octavo edition. The publication of this volume heralds the first full scholarly edition of Richardson's complete works, a long-awaited event in eighteenth-century studies.
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Georgiadis, Teodoro. Urban Climate and Risk. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.11.
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This work reports on the main physical processes that arise in the environment of the megacity from the “urban metabolism”—the complex interactions of the climate with the activities performed in the city and its built structure and texture—as well as on associated large-scale processes that generate hazards for the megacity’s inhabitants. It is estimated that in a few decades most of the world’s population will live in urban centers. Both the growth of megacities and climate change will increase the vulnerability of huge sectors of the population to climatic consequences of the urban metabolism. These include urban heat islands, pollution, and extreme weather events such as heat waves and floods. Developing policies to mitigate these threats will require integrating scientific knowledge with management skills, communication among cities about effective approaches, and taking into account residents’ needs for health and the capacity to live safely.
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Georgiadis, Teodoro. Urban Climate and Risk. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.11.
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This work reports on the main physical processes that arise in the environment of the megacity from the “urban metabolism”—the complex interactions of the climate with the activities performed in the city and its built structure and texture—as well as on associated large-scale processes that generate hazards for the megacity’s inhabitants. It is estimated that in a few decades most of the world’s population will live in urban centers. Both the growth of megacities and climate change will increase the vulnerability of huge sectors of the population to climatic consequences of the urban metabolism. These include urban heat islands, pollution, and extreme weather events such as heat waves and floods. Developing policies to mitigate these threats will require integrating scientific knowledge with management skills, communication among cities about effective approaches, and taking into account residents’ needs for health and the capacity to live safely.
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Auer, Peter, and Ina Hörmeyer. Achieving Intersubjectivity in Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0013.
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This paper investigates communication, including computer-based speech aids by people with severe cerebral palsy—namely Augmented and Alternative Communication, AAC. The reduced bodily capacities and the “uncontrolled bodies” of CP sufferers make bodily synchronization with their partners a considerable challenge. What is more, the electronic speech aid not only produces a disembodied language (synthetic speech), but also has a massive impact on the mutual corporeal attunement of the participants. It will be shown that these detrimental effects of AAC can lead to a breakdown in temporal, sequential and topical structure, and to interactional failure and lack of understanding. However, there are ways to overcome these risks—for example, a “moderator” who channels and controls co-participants’ activities despite the Augmented/Alternative Communicator’s focus on the machine, even during the production of a complex utterance. Thus the machine can be “embodied,” and the interaction can—despite CP—become an “intercorporeal” one.
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Middleton, Nicos, Panayiota Ellina, George Zannoupas, Demetris Lamnisos, and Christiana Kouta. Socio-Economic Inequality in Health. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.003.0006.
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Socioeconomic position (SEP) refers to the relative place an individual or a social group holds within the structure of society. SEP is determined by a multitude of factors, from individual and household circumstances across the life course to social processes operating at higher levels. Even though a complex construct, it is often operationalized using single person-based indicators and/or subjective measures of an individual’s own perceived position in the social ladder. Furthermore, recognizing that social stratification is geographically defined, area-based measures place a community in the socioeconomic disadvantage continuum and are used to quantify the magnitude of geographically defined social inequalities Data driven approaches have been mostly used to construct socioeconomic deprivation indices, commonly using census-based indicators which reflect the sociodemographical compositions of areas. Increasingly, a wider set of methods are been used to capture features of a community’s environment pertaining to the physical, built and social environment.
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Rühlig, Tim Nicholas. China's Foreign Policy Contradictions. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197573303.001.0001.
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China’s Foreign Policy Contradictions explains the fundamental contradiction in China’s foreign policy: contrary to its claims, China does not consistently uphold the principle of state control in its international affairs. This inconsistency is shaping China’s impact on the international order. This anthropological study of the foreign policymaking of the opaque Chinese party-state examines three case comparisons: the Responsibility to Protect, Hong Kong, and the World Trade Organization. Based on in-depth interviews with party-state officials and an analysis of official documents, the book reveals the internal discussions, diverse set of interests, and dynamics and processes of a party-state in a state of constant transformation. The book demonstrates how competing sources of the Chinese Communist Party’s domestic legitimacy combine with the complex and dynamic structure of the Chinese party-state, resulting in contradictory foreign policies. It demonstrates how both legitimization and the party-state structure constitute vulnerabilities of the party-state. Even though China struggles with these domestic vulnerabilities, this does not prevent it from projecting its power internationally or shaping the global order. The book argues that two sets of domestic vulnerabilities explain China’s contradictory foreign policy and undermine its ability to project and promote a “China Model” as an alternative to the existing international order. China’s contradictory foreign policy is likely to lead to a more particularistic, plural, and fragmented international order.
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Núñez, Rafael, and Tyler Marghetis. Cognitive Linguistics and the Concept(s) of Number. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.023.
Full textAbstract:
What is a ‘number,’ as studied within numerical cognition? The term is highly polysemous, and can refer to numerals, numerosity, and a diverse collection of mathematical objects, from natural numbers to infinitesimals. However, numerical cognition has focused primarily on prototypical counting numbers (PCNs) – numbers used regularly to count small collections of objects. Even these simple numbers are far more complex than apparent pre-conditions for numerical abilities like subitizing and approximate discrimination of large numerosity, which we share with other animals. We argue that the leap to number concepts proper relies, in part, on two embodied, domain-general cognitive mechanisms: conceptual metaphor and fictive motion. These mechanisms were first investigated within cognitive linguistics, a subdiscipline of cognitive science, but are now thought to subserve cognition more generally. We review the proposal that these mechanisms structure numerical cognition – including PCNs, but also the positive integers and arithmetic – and survey the supporting empirical evidence.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Special adaptations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0013.
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Within the considerable diversity of fish there are less-usual attributes of some species which facilitate survival in particular habitats or in response to selective pressures. The intense competition in warm, shallow water results in polymorphism in colour and size and complex social structure in some reef-fish and in different dentitions in cichlids with trophic specializations. Fish in the light-less deep sea are typically dark with large eyes and mouth; often they possess light-emitting photophores. In contrast, dark-dwelling cavefish lack melanin pigmentation, are usually pink, lack photophores and generally have poor eyesight. Adaptations to other limited habitats such as desert springs or temporary pools and water margins favour small fast-growing fish and air-breathing fish adapted to terrestrial habitats. The range of special adaptations is considerable, including burrowing fish, sound-producing fish, electric fish and even ‘flying’ fish. While parasitic fish are rare, special symbiotic relationships occur, as does hermaphroditism.
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Pearce, Lynne. Drivetime. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748690848.001.0001.
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What sorts of things do we think about when we’re driving – or being driven – in a car? Drivetime seeks to answer this question by drawing upon a rich archive of British and American texts from ‘the motoring century’ (1900-2000), paying particular attention to the way in which the practice of driving shapes and structures our thinking. While recent sociological and psychological research has helped explain how drivers are able to think about ‘other things’ while performing such a complex task, little attention has, as yet, been paid to the form these cognitive and affective journeys take. Pearce uses her close readings of literary texts – ranging from early twentieth-century motoring periodicals, Modernist and inter-war fiction, American ‘road-trip’ classics, and autobiography – in order to model different types of ‘driving-event’ and, by extension, the car’s use as a means of phenomenological encounter, escape from memory, meditation, problem-solving and daydreaming. The textual case-studies include: H.V. Morton and Edwin Muir; Jack Kerouac and Patricia Highsmith; Neil Young and Joan Didion; Elizabeth Bowen and Rosamund Lehmann.
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Ogden, Chris. A Dictionary of Politics and International Relations in India. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780191848117.001.0001.
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Over 280 entries This new dictionary covers India’s core political structures, ideologies, and practices, as well as individuals, groups, and concerns that are essential to them. The entries cover a diverse range of subjects, from caste, the Gujral Doctrine, and the Indian diaspora to the Partition of India and the Shah Bano controversy. The dictionary captures the richness of India’s politics, as well as its foremost ideas and principles, explaining and interrogating important historical events and social concerns. Complete with useful web links, this new addition to the Oxford Quick Reference series is an indispensable companion for students studying Asian and international politics, as well as for professionals whose interests relate to India’s expanding domestic and foreign politics.
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Hilgurt, S. Ya, and O. A. Chemerys. Reconfigurable signature-based information security tools of computer systems. PH “Akademperiodyka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/akademperiodyka.458.297.
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The book is devoted to the research and development of methods for combining computational structures for reconfigurable signature-based information protection tools for computer systems and networks in order to increase their efficiency. Network security tools based, among others, on such AI-based approaches as deep neural networking, despite the great progress shown in recent years, still suffer from nonzero recognition error probability. Even a low probability of such an error in a critical infrastructure can be disastrous. Therefore, signature-based recognition methods with their theoretically exact matching feature are still relevant when creating information security systems such as network intrusion detection systems, antivirus, anti-spam, and wormcontainment systems. The real time multi-pattern string matching task has been a major performance bottleneck in such systems. To speed up the recognition process, developers use a reconfigurable hardware platform based on FPGA devices. Such platform provides almost software flexibility and near-ASIC performance. The most important component of a signature-based information security system in terms of efficiency is the recognition module, in which the multipattern matching task is directly solved. It must not only check each byte of input data at speeds of tens and hundreds of gigabits/sec against hundreds of thousand or even millions patterns of signature database, but also change its structure every time a new signature appears or the operating conditions of the protected system change. As a result of the analysis of numerous examples of the development of reconfigurable information security systems, three most promising approaches to the construction of hardware circuits of recognition modules were identified, namely, content-addressable memory based on digital comparators, Bloom filter and Aho–Corasick finite automata. A method for fast quantification of components of recognition module and the entire system was proposed. The method makes it possible to exclude resource-intensive procedures for synthesizing digital circuits on FPGAs when building complex reconfigurable information security systems and their components. To improve the efficiency of the systems under study, structural-level combinational methods are proposed, which allow combining into single recognition device several matching schemes built on different approaches and their modifications, in such a way that their advantages are enhanced and disadvantages are eliminated. In order to achieve the maximum efficiency of combining methods, optimization methods are used. The methods of: parallel combining, sequential cascading and vertical junction have been formulated and investigated. The principle of multi-level combining of combining methods is also considered and researched. Algorithms for the implementation of the proposed combining methods have been developed. Software has been created that allows to conduct experiments with the developed methods and tools. Quantitative estimates are obtained for increasing the efficiency of constructing recognition modules as a result of using combination methods. The issue of optimization of reconfigurable devices presented in hardware description languages is considered. A modification of the method of affine transformations, which allows parallelizing such cycles that cannot be optimized by other methods, was presented. In order to facilitate the practical application of the developed methods and tools, a web service using high-performance computer technologies of grid and cloud computing was considered. The proposed methods to increase efficiency of matching procedure can also be used to solve important problems in other fields of science as data mining, analysis of DNA molecules, etc. Keywords: information security, signature, multi-pattern matching, FPGA, structural combining, efficiency, optimization, hardware description language.
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DeSandre, Paul L., and Karen May. Palliative care in the emergency department. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0013.
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The emergency department provides immediate access to medical care for patients and families in crisis. As the proportion of elderly in our populations increases, complications related to advanced illness will likely drive increasing numbers of patients with palliative care needs into emergency departments. In addition to immediately life-threatening situations, severe physical symptoms, psychological distress, social upheaval, or even an unrecognized spiritual crisis near death can overwhelm patients or their caregivers, who come to the emergency department hoping for relief from their suffering. Emergency clinicians must rapidly assess these complex needs while negotiating interventions with effective and efficient communications. This chapter addresses several of these essential clinician skills for effective primary palliative care in the emergency department. These include rapid assessment of patients with palliative care needs, titration of opioids for pain emergencies, efficiently establishing goals of care, skilful and empathic death disclosure, and a structured approach to involving family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
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Magoulick, Mary J. The Goddess Myth in Contemporary Literature and Popular Culture. University Press of Mississippi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496837066.001.0001.
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Goddess characters are revered as feminist heroes in the popular media of many cultures. However, these goddess characters often prove to be less promising and more regressive than most people initially perceive. Goddesses in film, television, and fiction project worldviews and messages that reflect mostly patriarchal culture (included essentialized gender assumptions), in contrast to the feminist, empowering levels many fans and critics observe. Building on critiques of other skeptical scholars, this feminist, folkloristic approach deepens how our remythologizing of the ancient past reflects a contemporary worldview and rhetoric. Structures of contemporary goddess myths often fit typical extremes as either vilified, destructive, dark, and chaotic (typical in film or television); or romanticized, positive, even utopian (typical in women’s speculative fiction). This goddess spectrum persistently essentializes gender, stereotyping women as emotional, intuitive, sexual, motherly beings (good or bad), precluded from complex potential and fuller natures. Within apparent good-over-evil, pop-culture narrative frames, these goddesses all suffer significantly. However, a few recent intersectional writers, like N. K. Jemisin, break through these dark reflections of contemporary power dynamics to offer complex characters who evince “hopepunk. ” They resist typical simplified, reductionist absolutes to offer messages that resonate with potential for today’s world. Mythic narratives featuring goddesses often do, but need not, serve merely as ideological mirrors of our culture’s still problematically reductionist approach to women and all humanity.
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Arft, Justin. Arete and the Odyssey's Poetics of Interrogation. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192847805.001.0001.
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Abstract Arete and the Odyssey’s Poetics of Interrogation explores how the enigmatic Phaeacian queen, Arete, is at the heart of an epic-scale “poetics of interrogation” used throughout the Odyssey to negotiate Odysseus’ kleos (epic renown). Arete’s interrogation of Odysseus has been especially problematic in scholarship, but diachronic and synchronic analysis of similar interrogations across Indo-European, Orphic, and Greek epigrammatic corpora shows that the “stranger’s interrogation” is a formula that demands performance and negotiation of status. Within the Odyssey, this interrogation is part of an intraformular network used to generate kleos, and the queen’s question initiates the longest and most complex negotiation of Odysseus’ status in epic and memory. Arete’s role as interrogator not only explains her strange authority and resonance with both Penelope and comparative afterlife figures, but also establishes a gendered, agonistic tension between her and her husband Alkinoos that influences the structure, genre, and narratology of performances across the Phaeacian episode. This book reinterprets the Odyssey’s central episode and challenges several assumptions about Nausikaa and Alkinoos’ famed hospitality, even demonstrating how the Apologue is organized as a response to competing inquiries into Odysseus’ fundamental status in tradition. The Odyssey ultimately navigates away from Odysseus’ public reputation and roots his status in private memories, and Arete’s carefully arranged interventions signal the larger process by which the Odyssey immortalizes Odysseus in poetry as a nostos hero. The queen and her question invite new applications of oral poetics that shed light on the structure, composition, and reperformance of the Odyssey.
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Dawson, Lesel, and Fiona McHardy, eds. Revenge and Gender in Classical, Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474414098.001.0001.
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This collection focuses on the complex interrelationship of revenge and gender in ancient Greek and Roman literature, Icelandic sagas and medieval and early modern English literature. It probes revenge’s gendering, its role in consolidating and contesting gender norms, and its relation to friendship, family roles and kinship structures. It argues that while revenge frequently functions as a repressive cultural script that reinforces conservative gender roles, it also repeatedly triggers events that disturb gender norms, blurring conventional male/female and animal/human binaries, and provoking wider ontological questions. It analyses the ways in which women are seen to be transmogrified by revenge and asks whether there are particular forms of revenge (such as cursing or gossip) that are gendered female. It also examines lamentation, a female-gendered activity which enables women to play an important role in revenge narratives. Including literary works by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Seneca, Thomas Kyd, Shakespeare, John Marston and John Ford, this collection explores continuities between historical periods as well as the ways in which texts and traditions diverge.
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Portillo, Rafael, Filiz Unsal, Stephen O’Connell, and Catherine Pattillo. Implementation Errors and Incomplete Information. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0009.
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This chapter shows that limited effects of monetary policy can reflect shortcomings of existing policy frameworks in low-income countries rather than (or in addition to) the structural features often put forward in policy and academic debates. The chapter focuses on two pervasive issues: lack of effective frameworks for implementing policy, so that short-term interest rates display considerable unintended volatility, and poor communication about policy intent. The authors introduce these features into an otherwise standard New Keynesian model with incomplete information. Implementation errors result from insufficient accommodation to money demand shocks, creating a noisy wedge between actual and intended interest rates. The representative private agent must then infer policy intentions from movements in interest rates and money. Under these conditions, even exogenous and persistent changes in the stance of monetary policy can have weak effects, even when the underlying transmission (as might be observed under complete information) is strong.
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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Essential Fish Biology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.001.0001.
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This book summarizes the basic features of living fish. It is introduced by a chapter on the diversity of a group which has over 30,000 species, the largest within the vertebrates, describing the classification systems used for them and the variety of their habitats and morphology. Thereafter the physiology of fish is described and discussed initially by categories such as the outer boundary (the skin), the circulatory system, food processing, reproduction, hormones as integrators and controllers, the nervous system and the very complex set of sensory receptors including the eyes, ears, lateral line and electro-receptors. Unusual structures, adaptations and behaviours reveal the breadth of fish lifestyles from deep-ocean to shallow reef habitats, with both fresh water and marine margins favouring some near-terrestrial forms even emerging to spawn. With enormous ranges of size, shape and lifecycles, fish are capable of extreme longevity and amazing adjustments to their environment, including colour change, light emission by photophores and sporadic hermaphroditism (both sexes in one individual). The use of fish types by scientists is discussed. Referenced throughout, the scope of the book includes reviews of historically important and recent discoveries and some speculation on the future for fish and fish conservation. Appendices are provided to give in-depth information on some topics, including material briefly describing practical procedures, relevant to experimentation and aquaculture, which may prompt further investigation. The glossary with explanations of terms, and the copious illustrations help understanding of this complex subject area.
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Kuzner, James. The Form of Love. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823294503.001.0001.
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Can poetry, even a deeply philosophical poetry, articulate something about love that philosophy itself cannot? The Form of Love argues that it can. In close readings of seven “metaphysical” poems, this book shows how figures ranging from John Donne to Emily Dickinson use poetic form to turn philosophy to new ends, transforming its concern to know truth about love into concern to create virtual experiences of love. These poems create strange loves made in, rather than through, the forms—the devices, structures and forces particular to verse—where they appear. Tracing how poems think, this book argues, requires an intimate form of reading: close—from one perspective, even too close—attention to and thinking with the text. In The Form of Love, Kuzner reads as closely as possible in order to consider as seriously as possible how poetry thinks of love otherwise than other fields: how poems do not complete philosophy or compete with it, and how poetry and philosophy instead can enter into a relation that is itself like love.
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Cheville, Andrea L., and Jeffrey R. Basford. Rehabilitation medicine approaches to pain management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0910.
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Pain is a frequent but poorly controlled aspect of cancer and other medical conditions which may, in part, stem from the clinician’s lack of understanding of its severity or impact. However, even with the best of care, current approaches are associated with poorly tolerated side effects and frequently fall far short of complete control. Rehabilitation medicine has developed strategies that may reduce pain in general, but are particularly targeted to movement-related pain. These approaches can be grouped into four general categories: (1) modulating nociception, (2) stabilizing and unloading painful musculoskeletal structures, (3) influencing pain perception, and (4) alleviating musculotendinous pain. This chapter reviews each of these categories in detail and offers examples to illustrate their clinical application. It will be noted that the majority are focused on minimizing pain during periods of mobility and the performance of activities of daily living.
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Park, Yoosun. Facilitating Injustice. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765058.001.0001.
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Social workers were involved in all aspects of the removal, incarceration, and resettlement of the Nikkei, a history that has been forgotten by social work. This study is an effort to address this lacuna. Social work equivocated. While it did not fully endorse mass removal and incarceration, neither did it protest, oppose, or explicitly critique government actions. The past should not be judged by today’s standards; the actions and motivations described here occurred in a period rife with fear and propaganda. Undergoing a major shift from its private charity roots into its public sector future, social work bounded with the rest of society into “a patriotic fervor.” While policies of a government at war, intractable bureaucratic structures, tangled political alliances, and complex professional obligations all may have mandated compliance, it is, nevertheless, difficult to deny that social work and social workers were also willing participants in the events, informed about and aware of the implications of that compliance. In social work’s unwillingness to take a resolute stand against removal and incarceration, the well-intentioned profession, doing its conscious best to do good, enforced the existing social order and did its level best to keep the Nikkei from disrupting it.