Journal articles on the topic 'Complex Disaster'
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Choe, Taeyoung, Jiho Kim, Mincheol Shin, Kwangyoung Kim, and Mucheol Kim. "Complex disaster response framework to reduce urban disaster vulnerability." Science Progress 106, no. 1 (January 2023): 003685042311527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504231152770.
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Cities are vulnerable to a range of disasters that can occur simultaneously due to their complexity. Therefore, an effective disaster response plan is needed to reduce the disaster vulnerability of cities. In particular, evacuation route management is important for reducing the losses from a disaster. Efficient disaster response can be realized by searching for suitable evacuation routes and effective road network management. In this paper, we propose a disaster response framework based on a multilayered road network structure and evacuation routes based on our road network. The suggested road structure consists of three layers for the effective management of the network. An A* algorithm-based search for multiple evacuation routes under different conditions in response to an individual disaster on the configured road map provides a safe route for evacuees. As a result, the damage caused by disasters in urban areas can be ameliorated.
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Eum, Tae Soo, Eun Taek Shin, and Chang Geun Song. "A Study on Improvement of Disaster Management Resources Support System." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 12, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2022.7.1.
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Large-scale complex disasters and new types of disasters are occurring due to climate changes and changes in the social environment. As the type of disaster changes to a complex and large-scale trend, disaster management resources are being mobilized to minimize damage to life and property caused by large-scale complex disasters. However, because there are various types of disaster management resources and a huge number of demand stockpiles are required, it is difficult task to possess and utilize resources for each type of disaster. In addition, since the response system to the occurrence of a large-scale complex disaster is insufficient, analysis is needed to improve the problems of the disaster management resource management system. In this study, a survey was conducted focusing on the disaster management resource support and system. The survey showed that the difference in perception of distributed management in the disaster management resource-related laws showed statistically significant differences according to age. Based on the results of the survey, problems and improvement plans for disaster management resources support system were derived.
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Burger, Annetta, William G. Kennedy, and Andrew Crooks. "Organizing Theories for Disasters into a Complex Adaptive System Framework." Urban Science 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030061.
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Increasingly urbanized populations and climate change have shifted the focus of decision makers from economic growth to the sustainability and resilience of urban infrastructure and communities, especially when communities face multiple hazards and need to recover from recurring disasters. Understanding human behavior and its interactions with built environments in disasters requires disciplinary crossover to explain its complexity, therefore we apply the lens of complex adaptive systems (CAS) to review disaster studies across disciplines. Disasters can be understood to consist of three interacting systems: (1) the physical system, consisting of geological, ecological, and human-built systems; (2) the social system, consisting of informal and formal human collective behavior; and (3) the individual actor system. Exploration of human behavior in these systems shows that CAS properties of heterogeneity, interacting subsystems, emergence, adaptation, and learning are integral, not just to cities, but to disaster studies and connecting them in the CAS framework provides us with a new lens to study disasters across disciplines. This paper explores the theories and models used in disaster studies, provides a framework to study and explain disasters, and discusses how complex adaptive systems can support theory building in disaster science for promoting more sustainable and resilient cities.
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Ray-Bennett, Nibedita S., and Hideyuki Shiroshita. "Disasters, deaths and the Sendai Framework’s target one." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 764–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2019-0302.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to theoretically propose a complex perspective as the third way to understand disasters which is used to describe the Hiroshima landslide disaster 2014 in Japan. In the first half of the paper the complex perspective is explained in detail with comparison to two conventional perspectives on disasters, i.e. hazard approach and vulnerability approach. According to the complex perspective, deaths in disasters are avoidable. In the second half of the paper, Hiroshima landslide disaster is analyzed in line with the complex perspective. Also, how will Hiroshima not repeat such landslide disaster is suggested. Design/methodology/approach To develop the case study for Hiroshima, a desk-based literature review, a field site visit and five key informant interviews were conducted by the authors in 2016. The authors’ initial analysis based on newspaper reports indicated a failure in the early warning system, evacuation and severity of the hazard. Based on this, the broader literature on traditional perspectives on risk, vulnerability and complexity were mined to understand and theorize the failure in Hiroshima. Then the interviews were conducted in the city of Hiroshima to analyze the disaster from complex perspective. Findings The authors demonstrated that the Hiroshima Landslide disaster 2014 and its deaths could be explained by complex perspective. Complex perspective brings us the following suggestions not to repeat landslide disaster in Hiroshima. Political leaders at national and local levels must take up responsibilities to set a “goal” for the disaster management system to “reduce deaths.” Also, governmental and non-governmental organizations should make efforts to engage proactively with community through disaster education or through community awareness program to shift the mind set from hito-goto to jibun-no-koto (their story to our story). Originality/value Reducing deaths by disasters is essential for the world thus it is UN’s Sendai Goal One. As most contemporary sciences are based on reductionism, disasters have been described as a combination of the related components such as hazards, vulnerability. Although the great contributions from the reductionism to disaster studies, it has been said that integrated disaster management is needed since the reductionism usually give the partially optimized solution to disaster reduction. This study proposes complex approach to find comparatively total optimized solution to disaster reduction, in particular reducing deaths. Although it is based on merely one case study, this paper describes the possibility of different way to reduce deaths by disasters.
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Won, Jin Young, and Yu Rim Lee. "Complex Disaster Management Plan Considering the Connectivity of Disasters." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 17, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2021.17.5.1.
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Khatri, Ratindra. "Complex nature of humanitarian crisis: Unique dynamics of civil military relations in Nepal." Unity Journal 1 (February 1, 2020): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v1i0.35703.
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The Nepali Army in its vital role in humanitarian assistance and disaster response operation in Nepal receives reputation the world wide. Nepal is prone to disaster risk and the majority of people are living in vulnerable situation. Every year Nepal is facing different types of disasters that caused massive loss of lives and properties. Nepal has not been able to prepare any other viable alternatives in the civil society, so there is no other choice than utilizing military or security forces during any disasters. The Nepali Army has vast inbuilt resources to mobilize its troops effectively in any parts of the country. However, timely and effective disaster response is very difficult due to numerous constraints and complexities. Difficult terrain, limited road communication, inadequate resources and insufficient response capacity are prime reasons that make response operations very challenging. The Army together with other security agencies is performing role as per the given mandate articulated in act, rules, framework and guidelines. In this situation, building civil-military coordination mechanism can be an effective means to respond to the disaster. As a matter of fact, a comprehensive disaster army should continue dialogue, training and exercise with foreign militaries for better understanding and learning through experience. Despite the Nepali Army’s spectacular capability to disaster response, there is a debate whether the military is a right institution to involve in the humanitarian response operations. However, keeping in mind Nepal’s reality without compromising primary role of national sovereignty, territorial integrity and national independence, the Nepali Army should enhance its capability to save lives and property from disasters and hazards.
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Jung, M., M. Chung, and Y. Kim. "ASSESSING COMPLEX DAMAGE USING PRE-DISASTER OPTICAL AND POST-DISASTER POLSAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 21, 2019): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-181-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Combining pre-disaster optical and post-disaster synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is regarded as desirable for timely damage assessment, which is essential for the prompt rescue operation. Due to the extreme differences between the two data, however, this combination has not been practically used in the previous research. In this paper, a method to assess the various types of damage caused by disasters using the desirable data combination, particularly pre-disaster very high resolution optical data and post-disaster polarimetric SAR data. The proposed method is a rule-based classification, and uses diverse components derived from the two data such as normalized difference vegetation index, polarization orientation angle, SPAN, and entropy. The proposed method was applied to the case study of the 2011 tsunami in Japan. The experimental results demonstrated the potential of the proposed method to assesses the types of tsunami-induced damage in urban and vegetated areas. The achievement in this paper is expected to facilitate efficient and fast disaster-induced complex damage assessment.</p>
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Cheng, Changxiu, Ting Zhang, Kai Su, Peichao Gao, and Shi Shen. "Assessing the Intensity of the Population Affected by a Complex Natural Disaster Using Social Media Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8080358.
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Complex natural disasters often cause people to suffer hardships, and they can cause a large number of casualties. A population that has been affected by a natural disaster is at high risk and desperately in need of help. Even with the timely assessment and knowledge of the degree that natural disasters affect populations, challenges arise during emergency response in the aftermath of a natural disaster. This paper proposes an approach to assessing the near-real-time intensity of the affected population using social media data. Because of its fatal impact on the Philippines, Typhoon Haiyan was selected as a case study. The results show that the normalized affected population index (NAPI) has a significant ability to indicate the affected population intensity. With the geographic information of disasters, more accurate and relevant disaster relief information can be extracted from social media data. The method proposed in this paper will benefit disaster relief operations and decision-making, which can be executed in a timely manner.
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Kato, D. "Provision for Complex Disaster." Concrete Journal 49, no. 11 (2011): 11_1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.49.11_1.
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Jackson, Robert. "The Southern Disaster Complex." Mississippi Quarterly 63, no. 3-4 (2010): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mss.2010.0010.
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Yasui, Kiyotaka, Yuko Kimura, Kenji Kamiya, Rie Miyatani, Naohiro Tsuyama, Akira Sakai, Koji Yoshida, et al. "Academic Responses to Fukushima Disaster." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 2_suppl (March 2017): 99S—109S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539516685400.
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Since radiation accidents, particularly nuclear disasters, are rarer than other types of disasters, a comprehensive radiation disaster medical curriculum for them is currently unavailable. The Fukushima compound disaster has urged the establishment of a new medical curriculum in preparation for any future complex disaster. The medical education will aim to aid decision making on various health risks for workers, vulnerable people, and residents addressing each phase in the disaster. Herein, we introduce 3 novel educational programs that have been initiated to provide students, professionals, and leaders with the knowledge of and skills to elude the social consequences of complex nuclear disasters. The first program concentrates on radiation disaster medicine for medical students at the Fukushima Medical University, together with a science, technology, and society module comprising various topics, such as public risk communication, psychosocial consequences of radiation anxiety, and decision making for radiation disaster. The second program is a Phoenix Leader PhD degree at the Hiroshima University, which aims to develop future leaders who can address the associated scientific, environmental, and social issues. The third program is a Joint Graduate School of Master’s degree in the Division of Disaster and Radiation Medical Sciences at the Nagasaki University and Fukushima Medical University.
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Bajow, Nidaa, yousef Alawad, and Samer Aloraifi. "Basic Principles in Complex Humanitarian Emergency: A Pilot Course." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1900219x.
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Introduction:The international and national response team faces many challenges during a complex humanitarian emergency. These include difficult organization, an unprepared national disaster plan, and a disrupted political system. Previous studies showed a reactive approach in earlier disasters in Saudi Arabia and the need for greater involvement of health professionals in disaster management. As a result, several medical education and training institutes began to introduce courses which were mainly about Major Incidents Response, but with less attention to Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief.Aim:The course provides Basic Principles in Complex Humanitarian Emergency for healthcare providers in the kingdom and is focused on the aspect of community awareness for disaster and humanitarian relief.Methods:The interactive competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency was implemented. The course was designed by 5 experts in disaster medicine and humanitarian relief and was piloted over five days at officers club of Minister of Interior in Riyadh, sponsored by King Fahd Security College. The participants (n=30) were from different health disciplines. They completed the pre- and post-tests and presented three pilot workshops for disaster community awareness.Results:The overall scores were 44.19% for the pre-test and 62.85% for the post-test (Wilcoxon test for paired sample: z = 3.729, p<0.001). There were no significant statistical differences among professions of healthcare providers for both pre- and post-tests.Discussion:Delivering competencies-based course in Basic Principles of Complex Humanitarian Emergency for health care providers can help in the improvement of knowledge and skills for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in Saudi Arabia, which is important for disaster preparedness augmentation in the kingdom. The next course for the same group may be recommended for achieving the level that will train them to participate in the National Disaster Assistance team.
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Quinn, Emily, and Sheela L. Stuart. "Disaster Preparedness." Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication 19, no. 4 (December 2010): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aac19.4.120.
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Abstract Individuals with complex communication needs are particularly vulnerable in disaster situations. This paper will describe a community outreach program developed to provide emergency preparedness training for children with complex communication needs. Goals are to acquaint participants with the challenges faced by individuals who used AAC in previous disasters, describe how community education has increased the capacity of stakeholders, and facilitate discussion regarding the application of training programs in additional communities.
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Choi, Jun Kyu. "A Study on Community Policy for Community Restoration after Disaster." Center for Civic Politics Research 4 (June 30, 2022): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.54968/civicpol.2022.4.99.
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The severity of recent disasters is differentiated from previous ones in that the patterns of disasters appear widely. Although the concept of disasters is changing, most studies have focused on recovery of physical damage caused by disaster. This study intends to expand the scope of disaster response and suggest the necessity of community restoration through community policy.
Recent disasters tend to be complex disasters combined with various factors within society. In order to systematically respond to such disasters, it is necessary to respond by expanding the scope of the time and space of the disaster. The concept and characteristics of community can also be presented from various perspectives. This paper focuses on the fact that communities can be given new roles in disaster situations. Following the conceptual approach to disasters and communities, this study looked at community programs in the Sewol-Ferry disaster. Although the response to the Sewol-Ferry disaster has not been completed, this case has the meaning of drawing up the agenda of community restoration in a disaster situation.
In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need for a more expanded approach to national disaster response. In order to achieve the policy goal of community restoration, disaster response needs to expand the scope of its time and space. In addition, the application method of the community program should also examine various approaches.
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Arnold, Jeffrey L. "Disaster Medicine in the 21st Century: Future Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Risk." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, no. 1 (March 2002): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000042.
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AbstractThe prediction of future disasters drives the priorities, urgencies, and perceived adequacies of disaster management, public policy, and government funding. Disasters always arise from some fundamental dysequilibrium between hazards in the environment and the vulnerabilities of human communities. Understanding the major factors that will tend to produce hazards and vulnerabilities in the future plays a key role in disaster risk assessment.The factors tending to produce hazards in the 21st Century include population growth, environmental degradation, infectious agents (including biological warfare agents), hazardous materials (industrial chemicals, chemical warfare agents, nuclear materials, and hazardous waste), economic imbalance (usually within countries), and cultural tribalism. The factors tending to generate vulnerabilities to hazardous events include population growth, aging populations, poverty, maldistribution of populations to disaster-prone areas, urbanization, marginalization of populations to informal settlements within urban areas, and structural vulnerability.An increasing global interconnectedness also will bring hazards and vulnerabilities together in unique ways to produce familiar disasters in unfamiliar forms and unfamiliar disasters in forms not yet imagined. Despite concerns about novel disasters, many of the disasters common today also will be common tomorrow.The risk of any given disaster is modifiable through its manageability. Effective disaster management has the potential to counter many of the factors tending to produce future hazards and vulnerabilities. Hazard mitigation and vulnerability reduction based on a clear understanding of the complex causal chains that comprise disasters will be critical in the complex world of the 21st Century.
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Uekusa, Shinya. "Disaster linguicism: Linguistic minorities in disasters." Language in Society 48, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000150.
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AbstractLanguage is a means of communication but it functions as much more than this in social life. In emergencies and disasters, it can also be a matter of life and death. Language barriers and effective communication in disaster contexts (i.e. distributing critical disaster information and warnings) are the central concern in current disaster research, practice, and policy. However, based on the data drawn from qualitative interviews with linguistic minority immigrants and refugees in Canterbury, New Zealand and Miyagi, Japan, I argue that linguistic minorities confront unique disaster vulnerability partly due to linguicism—language-based discrimination at multiple levels. As linguicism is often compounded by racism, it is not properly addressed and analyzed, using the framework of language ideology and power. This article therefore introduces the concept of disaster linguicism, employing Pierre Bourdieu's concept of symbolic violence, to explore linguistic minorities’ complex disaster experiences in the 2010–2011 Canterbury and Tohoku disasters. (Disaster linguicism, language barriers, language ideologies)*
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Lestari, Fatma, Dicky Pelupessy, Yasuhito Jibiki, Fiori Amelia Putri, Ahmad Yurianto, Gama Widyaputra, Sony Maulana, Cynthia Febrina Maharani, and Fumihiko Imamura. "Analysis of Complexities in Natech Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: A Case Study of Cilegon, Indonesia." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 1298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1298.
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Complex disasters may occur as a result of a natural disaster combined with an industrial or a technological disaster. These are also called “natural-hazard triggered technological (natech) disasters.” Currently, there is increasing awareness of the hazards of these natech disasters. Natural disasters could trigger a technological disaster including oil spills and the release of hazardous and flammable materials and toxic chemicals, causing cascading events. The impact of the damage on public health and safety could be catastrophic, as it may result in massive loss of life, environmental destruction, and asset and property loss. Moreover, it could cause business disruptions and affect a country’s reputation. This paper describes a case study on the application of disaster risk reduction and management for natech disasters in Cilegon, Indonesia. We introduce the analysis of risk assessment conducted in Cilegon, the preparedness of the Cilegon City government, a contingency plan that has been developed, and the state of disaster preparedness in industrial zones. Natural and technological disaster risks as well as several emergency preparedness efforts are discussed and multiple stakeholders are identified. The paper serves as a foundation for future research to address natech disasters.
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Chen, Fujiang, Jingang Liu, and Junying Chen. "Earthquake Disaster Rescue Model Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory." Complexity 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6655574.
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China is located in the intersection area of two seismic zones. Due to this special geographical location, earthquake disasters occur frequently in China. Earthquake emergency rescue work is one of the key construction works of disaster prevention and mitigation in China. This paper mainly studies the earthquake disaster rescue model based on the complex adaptive system theory and establishes the earthquake disaster rescue model by analyzing the complex adaptive system theory and combining the earthquake rescue process. In this paper, through the task allocation mechanism task, the disaster rescue task is divided into simple task and complex task, and the executive task subject is divided into single task subject and multitask subject. On the basis of considering the shortest emergency rescue time goal and the goal of maximizing the deployment utility of rescue team, the reasonable deployment of a rescue team is realized through a complex adaptive system, that is, the deployment utility of the rescue team is maximized. In this paper, the simulation experiment and comparison of the earthquake disaster rescue model based on the complex adaptive system theory are carried out. The experimental results show that the model used in this paper is better than the other two models in terms of algorithm convergence, rescue number, and overall score; in different scenarios, the relative survival probability of the model in this paper is 58.92%, 67.85%, and 77.46%, and the proportion of the wounded rescued is 66.31%, 76.45%, and 83.06%, which were higher than those of the other two models. The earthquake disaster rescue model based on the complex adaptive system theory proposed in this paper provides an effective theoretical basis and method system for postdisaster emergency rescue decision making and enhances and improves the emergency response ability to deal with large-scale geological disaster events.
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Sabur, A. K. M. Abdus. "Disaster Management System in Bangladesh." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 68, no. 1 (March 2012): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492841106800103.
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Bangladesh and its people have been one of the worst victims of natural disasters from time immemorial. Conversely, facing and learning to live with natural disasters are equally an ancient preoccupation of Bangladeshi people. Disaster management in independent Bangladesh has undergone a complex process of development. While it received its impetus from concrete challenges faced at home, it also received inputs from developments, institutions and policies outside Bangladesh. In the process, Bangladesh has developed a workable system of disaster management that includes a set of mechanisms and processes, as well as a whole range of ways and means for the management of disasters. The article probes into the disaster management system in Bangladesh. In doing so, it begins with an overview of disasters in Bangladesh that helps explain the context of disaster management. The article studies the disaster management system in Bangladesh with a focus on concepts and theories, legal framework and institutional structure. On the basis of the above, an attempt is made to project an outlook for the future. Disaster and disaster management transcend and intersect national boundaries and geographical regions. Therefore, prevailing system of disaster management in Bangladesh could be of considerable importance to others involved in the same venture elsewhere in the world.
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Khaerunnisa, Khaerunnisa, Mutiara Cininta, and Yonathan Dri Handarkho. "Peningkatan Partisipasi Relawan dan Pelaku Pariwisata dalam Pengelolaan Risiko Bencana di Kompleks Candi Borobudur." Jurnal Atma Inovasia 2, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jai.v2i1.5398.
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Disaster Risk Management Plan in cultural heritage areas such as the Borobudur Temple Complex, should be the joint responsibility of all stakeholders. In fact, disaster management at the Borobudur Temple Complex, especially the preservation of the site against disasters, is only the responsibility of the Borobudur Conservation Center. Therefore, in September-November 2021 through the research activities funded by UNESCO, UAJY and BKB have formulated a draft Disaster Risk Management Plan in the form of the borobudur-drr.id digital platform. However, due to the limited implementation time, this platform has not been fully socialized by all stakeholders. Based on the stakeholder meeting, it is known that there are differences in understanding among stakeholders in understanding the comprehensive approach contained in the Disaster Risk Management Plan Action Plan for the Borobudur Temple Complex. The diversity of educational backgrounds, experiences and exposure of stakeholders to disasters and their management requires a forum for equalizing perceptions that supports the synergy of stakeholders in supporting, supervising and implementing the action plans that have been prepared. Conservationists, volunteers and tourism actors are three of the fifty-three stakeholders that have been mapped in the Borobudur Temple Compounds Disaster Risk Management Plan, which has a vital role in realizing the action plan in the Borobudur Temple Area.
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Fernando, Gaudensius Waldi, Emilya Kalsum, and Jawas Dwijo Putro. "PUSAT PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA KABUPATEN SINTANG." JMARS: Jurnal Mosaik Arsitektur 9, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jmars.v9i2.47619.
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Natural conditions as well as the diversity of population and culture in Indonesia cause the risk of natural disasters, social disasters and complex emergencies to arise. The implementation of emergency response is also often not supportive, the distribution of aid and services is not fast, uneven and difficult to monitor properly, so that the progress of the results of disaster emergency response activities is less objectively measurable. In Sintang Regency, in addition to natural disasters, social disasters also often occur, because the facilities are not standardized and accommodated so that services are not optimal. Judging from the existing needs, the Disaster Management Center is a facility that can assist the implementation of Disaster Emergency Response activities in Sintang Regency. The Disaster Management Center can accommodate disaster emergency response activities so that it has strategic command lines so that information confusion can be minimized so as to realize appropriate policies in dealing with disasters. The planned Disaster Management Center is a facility that functions to accommodate agencies related to pre- and post-disaster management, both as a place for disaster management and as an information center. The design method for this Disaster Management Center uses a comparison of literatures and performs data processing to describe the design process of the Sintang Regency Disaster Management Center. The mass of the building is divided into three parts separated by function and purpose. The approach to design applies an integrated concept, referring to a standardized and accommodating spatial layout.
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Wright, Jan Folkmann. "Disaster Mitigation Under Complex Contingencies." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 10, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2021010101.
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Disasters have always been part of human history. Although global safety has increased over the years, it is a question if the positive trend will continue. The most discussed major uncertainty is climate change, temporarily dwarfed by the COVID-19 virus pandemic. There are however many other challenges due to an increasingly connected and complex world. Failure to recognize an approaching danger is as human as the exaggeration by those who get worried too easily. If risk management systems shall handle the new risks, substantial advances in how to identify new risks are needed as well as improvements in the identification of cost-efficient mitigations. The collateral damage caused by mitigative measures can be high. Invasive actions, possibly amplified by social and traditional media, may disrupt supply chains and factories, and whole economies might suffer. A risk management system that can identify types of global risks and evaluate measures on cost-efficiency is needed to see if the cure could become worse than the disease.
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Yun, Seong-Jin, Jin-Woo Kwon, and Won-Tae Kim. "A Novel Digital Twin Architecture with Similarity-Based Hybrid Modeling for Supporting Dependable Disaster Management Systems." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 4774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134774.
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Disaster management systems require accurate disaster monitoring and prediction services to reduce damages caused by natural disasters. Digital twins of natural environments can provide the services for the systems with physics-based and data-driven disaster models. However, the digital twins might generate erroneous disaster prediction due to the impracticability of defining high-fidelity physics-based models for complex natural disaster behavior and the dependency of data-driven models on the training dataset. This causes disaster management systems to inappropriately use disaster response resources, including medical personnel, rescue equipment and relief supplies, to ensure that it may increase the damages from the natural disasters. This study proposes a digital twin architecture to provide accurate disaster prediction services with a similarity-based hybrid modeling scheme. The hybrid modeling scheme creates a hybrid disaster model that compensates for the errors of physics-based prediction results with a data-driven error correction model to enhance the prediction accuracy. The similarity-based hybrid modeling scheme reduces errors from the data dependency of the hybrid model by constructing a training dataset using similarity assessments between the target disaster and the historical disasters. Evaluations in wildfire scenarios show that the digital twin decreases prediction errors by approximately 50% compared with those of the existing schemes.
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Lan, Tian Wei, Hong Wei Zhang, Jian Yang Yu, and Jun Han. "Study on the Correlation of Shallow Source Earthquake and Mine Dynamic Disasters in the Weast of Beijing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1942.
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Mine dynamic disasters is due to a sudden release of energy by mine engineering disturbed. Shallow-focus earthquake is due to plate movement caused by sudden release of energy. In this paper, on the basis of plate tectonics, geophysical, In this paper, on the basis of plate tectonics, geophysical, through the shallow source analogy is the mechanism of dynamic disaster, earthquake and mine exploration seismic energy result in mine power. The mechanism of disaster analysis seismic energy has the possibility of mine dynamic disaster, combining shallow-focus earthquake and the mine dynamic natural disaster site scheduling, and shallow-focus earthquake and the mine dynamic disasters of space position relations. Analysis in complex geological conditions shallow-focus earthquake geological structure as the first energy transmission medium for mine power disaster role relationship, for the prediction of mine dynamic disaster and the effective prevention and control provides the basis of the production test.
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Wirawan, R. R., H. S. Hasibuan, and R. P. Tambunan. "Suitability of Post-Disaster Coastal Land Cover with Spatial Pattern Plan of Palu City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 940, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/940/1/012004.
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Abstract The population growth in Palu City has implications for increasing the need for developed land, especially after complex natural disasters in 2018. After these disasters, another impact was the need for the construction of temporary and permanent housing. Therefore, it is essential to adjust the land use with disaster-prone zones. This study aims to analyze the distribution of land cover in the Disaster-Prone Zone and the suitability of the Spatial Plan with the Disaster-Prone Zone. The method used is quantitative through spatial analysis using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The results showed that Disaster Prone Zone 2 is the most dominating zone in both the type of built-up land cover and vegetation so that it still had development opportunities. However, the suitability of the Spatial Planning with Disaster Prone Zone shows that Disaster Prone Zone 4 is still included in the spatial plan as a developed area.
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Aydinoglu, A. C., and M. S. Bilgin. "Developing open geographic data model and analysis tools for disaster management: landslide case." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 10 (October 7, 2014): 6339–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-6339-2014.
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Abstract. Disaster Management aims to reduce catastrophic losses of disasters as landslide. Geographic information technologies support disaster management activities for effective and collaborative data management considering complex nature of disasters. Thus, this study aims to develop interoperable geographic data model and analysis tools to manage geographic data coming from different sources. For landslide disaster, 39 scenario-based activities were analyzed with required data according to user needs in a cycle of activities at mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases. Interoperable geographic data model for disaster management (ADYS), enabling up-to-date exchange of geographic data, was designed compliant with standards of ISO/TC211 Geographic Information/Geomatics, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and Turkey National GIS (TUCBS). Open source and free analysis toolbox was developed and tested in case study of the activities such as landslide hazard analysis and disaster warning system to support Provincial Disaster Management Centers of Turkey.
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Lee, Bomi, Aetti Kang, and Sungil Ham. "Measure of Utilizing Space Database Information for Improvement of Efficient Disaster Management (Focusing on Nuclear Power Plant Accidents)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080438.
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The damage caused by disasters is increasing worldwide, with hundreds of thousands of deaths due to the occurrence of complex large-scale disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2004 Indian tsunami. South Korea has also experienced human casualties and damage to property caused by large-scale disasters in the past 10 years. Accordingly, a disaster-appropriate response measure is needed. Thus, we conducted this study to present a measure of utilizing spatial database and image information to improve the efficiency of disaster management that is operated based on the country’s existing national disaster management system. We present an efficient disaster response measure that differs from the existing collection-, reporting-, and propagation-oriented operating methods of disaster information through the use of spatial database and image-based information that can be combined with mandatory information with regard to nuclear power plant accidents. Thus, this study contributes to deriving a system that could collect and provide information rapidly at the time of disaster by defining the attribute and spatial information required at the time of disaster during nuclear power plant accidents and by deriving available systems and providing institutions.
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Song, Zhijun, Hui Zhang, and Chris Dolan. "Promoting Disaster Resilience: Operation Mechanisms and Self-Organizing Processes of Crowdsourcing." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051862.
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It is often difficult to realize effective governance and management within the inherent complexity and uncertainty of disasters. The application of crowdsourcing, through encouraging voluntary support from the general public, advances efficient disaster governance. Twelve international case studies of crowdsourcing and natural disaster governance were collected for in-depth analysis. Influenced by Complex Adaptive System theory, we explored the self-organizing operation mechanisms and self-organization processes of crowdsourcing within disaster governance. The self-organizing operation mechanisms of crowdsourcing are influenced by the multi-directional interaction between the crowdsourcing platform, the initiator (who commences the crowdsourcing process) and the contractor (who undertakes disaster reduction tasks). The benefits of crowdsourcing for governance structure and self-organization processes in natural disaster governance are reflected in three perspectives: strengthening communication and coordination, optimizing emergency decision-making, and improving the ability to learn and adapt. This paper discusses how crowdsourcing can promote disaster resilience from the perspective of the complex adaptive system to enrich the theoretical research on crowdsourcing and disaster resilience.
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Li, Yanhui, Jianbiao Bai, Wei Yan, Xiangyu Wang, Bowen Wu, Shuaigang Liu, Jun Xu, and Jiaxin Sun. "Risk Early Warning Evaluation of Coal Mine Water Inrush Based on Complex Network and Its Application." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (April 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9980948.
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As one of the five major coal mine disasters, the water inrush disaster poses a serious threat to the safety of the country and people, so the prevention work for that becomes very important. However, there is no perfect assessment system that can better solve the complex dependence relationships among disaster-causing factors of water inrush disasters. This study applied the knowledge of Complex Networks to research water inrush disaster, and based on that, the early warning evaluation system that combined ANP and Cloud model was established in order to solve the complex dependence problem and prevent the occurrence of water inrush. Moreover, this evaluation model was applied to the example Y coal mine to verify its superiority and feasibility. The results showed that the main cloud of goal was located at the yellow-strong warning level, and the first-level indicators were, respectively, at that the yellow-strong level of mining conditions, the yellow-strong warning level of hydrological factors, between the yellow-strong warning level and purple-general level of the geological structure, and among the blue-slightly weak warning level, purple-general level, and yellow-strong level of the human factor. The prediction results were consistent with the actual situation of the coal water inrush disaster in Y mine, which further proved that this early warning evaluation model is reliable. In response to the forecast results, the authors put forward relative improvements necessary to strengthen the prevention ability to disaster-causing factors among hydrological factors, mining conditions, and geological structure, which should comprehensively increase knowledge, technology, and management of workers to avoid leaving out disaster-causing factors. Meanwhile, the warning evaluation model also provides the relevant experience basis for other types of early warning assessment networks.
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Sung, Gihwan, Yongsang Kim, and Sunwoong Yoo. "A Study on the Improvement of the Disaster Relief Donation System." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.3.61.
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This study discussed the need for restructuring the disaster relief fundraising system in South Korea. To that end, it examined the management system and characteristics of disaster relief donations. In addition, the study drew implications by comparing domestic and overseas disaster relief donation systems and analyzing important precedents related to disaster relief donations. The analysis revealed that the domestic disaster relief fundraising system is based on the classification of disasters into natural and social disasters, which the study contended is not suitable in the current scenario given the recent trend of large and complex disasters. Overseas disaster donation systems were not found to be based on such a dual classification. Moreover, it was confirmed that various forms of support were being provided to revitalize donations overseas. It may also be unconstitutional for donations to be based on such a classification because the system violates the basic spirit of the Constitution by limiting the right to freedom and pursuit of happiness of donors and charitable organizations participating in disaster relief funding. Historical changes in the donation law have changed the orientation from regulation to promotion of a donation system with a mature donation culture. In this context, the following proposals were made to improve the domestic disaster relief donation system. First, the study recommended the unification of the donation system for natural and social disasters in light of the occurrence of multiple disasters. Second, it advocated a transition away from the current system of monopolistic fund management in order to revitalize various disaster relief fundraising institutions.
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Suparman, Nanang. "Kebijakan Penanggulangan Bencana: Model Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Berbasis Sekolah/ Madrasah di Provinsi Jawa Barat." Jurnal Public Policy 7, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v7i1.3393.
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West java is an area that has the potential for very complex disasters. Based on the data release the regional disaster management agency there have 6,607 disasters in the period 2015-2019, natural disasters in west jawa including earthquakes, tsunami, landslide, flash floods, and so forth. So that, a guidelines for disaster-preparedeness schools is important to avoid school from any kind of disasters. This study aims to find out and analysis model disaster-preparedeness schools in west java province and relation of disasters handling. This research using a qualitative method. Data collection, interviews with informants and collection of documents related to the policy guidelines for safe schools from disasters. Data analysis teachniques used are from the miles and Huberman models which include data reduction, data presentation, verification and conclusion. The results of this research indicate that the implementation model of disaster preparedness school policy as a whole has fulfilled the rules of disaster mitigation management by implementing regulations and procedures from both the central and regional levels. However, judging from the basic measures, objectives, policy resources and communication between organizations have not gone well so it has not been able to cope with the negative impacts of disasters in the school environment.
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WANG, JIANBO, and HUIJIE YANG. "COMPLEX NETWORK-BASED ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE DATA IN CHINA." Modern Physics Letters B 23, no. 14 (June 10, 2009): 1781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909019946.
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Air temperature records in 34 cities of China are used to construct an area relation network. A new strategy to construct relation networks is proposed. The areas are clustered into mainly four modules, which may behave differently in disaster occurrences and may be helpful in compilations of accident emergency program of anti-disasters.
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Corbin, Tanya Buhler. "Teaching Disaster Management Using a Multi-Phase Simulation." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 36, no. 3 (November 2018): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701803600307.
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This article details the development and implementation of a simulated disaster scenario for disaster policy and emergency management students. Through a coordinated effort across a disaster policy course and emergency management course, this pedagogical method was used to apply the theoretical lessons and course content to a simulation of a complex disaster event. In keeping with the FEMA Whole Community Approach, the simulation involved the full range of community members and stakeholders. Students played roles of government officials at local, state, and national levels, community members, non-profit organizations, emergency managers, and first responders working in coordination to respond to an increasingly complex disaster scenario of an extensive power outage. Detailed in this article is the process of developing and implementing the simulation, with information useful for other instructors who might implement this or similar exercises in their courses. This exercise can be adapted for multiple disciplines and courses related to disasters and emergency management.
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Wong, Diana F., Caroline Spencer, Lee Boyd, Frederick M. Burkle, and Frank Archer. "Disaster Metrics: A Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 5 (May 8, 2017): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006471.
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AbstractIntroductionThe frequency of disasters is increasing around the world with more people being at risk. There is a moral imperative to improve the way in which disaster evaluations are undertaken and reported with the aim of reducing preventable mortality and morbidity in future events. Disasters are complex events and undertaking disaster evaluations is a specialized area of study at an international level.Hypothesis/ProblemWhile some frameworks have been developed to support consistent disaster research and evaluation, they lack validation, consistent terminology, and standards for reporting across the different phases of a disaster. There is yet to be an agreed, comprehensive framework to structure disaster evaluation typologies.The aim of this paper is to outline an evolving comprehensive framework for disaster evaluation typologies. It is anticipated that this new framework will facilitate an agreement on identifying, structuring, and relating the various evaluations found in the disaster setting with a view to better understand the process, outcomes, and impacts of the effectiveness and efficiency of interventions.MethodsResearch was undertaken in two phases: (1) a scoping literature review (peer-reviewed and “grey literature”) was undertaken to identify current evaluation frameworks and typologies used in the disaster setting; and (2) a structure was developed that included the range of typologies identified in Phase One and suggests possible relationships in the disaster setting.ResultsNo core, unifying framework to structure disaster evaluation and research was identified in the literature. The authors propose a “Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies” that identifies, structures, and suggests relationships for the various typologies detected.ConclusionThe proposed Comprehensive Framework for Disaster Evaluation Typologies outlines the different typologies of disaster evaluations that were identified in this study and brings them together into a single framework. This unique, unifying framework has relevance at an international level and is expected to benefit the disaster, humanitarian, and development sectors. The next step is to undertake a validation process that will include international leaders with experience in evaluation, in general, and disasters specifically. This work promotes an environment for constructive dialogue on evaluations in the disaster setting to strengthen the evidence base for interventions across the disaster spectrum. It remains a work in progress.WongDF,SpencerC,BoydL,BurkleFMJr.,ArcherF.Disaster metrics: a comprehensive framework for disaster evaluation typologies.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(5):501–514.
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ZSÁKAI, Róbert. "MONITORING AND PROCESSING THE CHALLENGES OF MENTAL STABILITY IN DISASTER SITUATIONS." Strategic Impact 80, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/1841-5784-21-14.
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There are daily news regarding social and political events, natural and civilizational disasters. Disasters have an impact both on those living in the disaster-stricken area and on the various intervening personnel. Research results have broadened human knowledge of natural and civilizational disasters. Disaster protection has increasingly evolved into a system of regulated defence involving protection of society values. The tasks of military and disaster protection are similar; however causal differences can emerge. Disaster management is now a very complex process, which is not only the task of a national organization, but also the struggle of governments and societal organizations for a common goal. For intervening personnel, processing the psychological loads with specialists becomes increasingly necessary. The role of the authorities during emergencies is of key importance in the management and coordination of actions. The need for the supporting role of international and national humanitarian organizations is also strengthening. This paper aims at presenting the elements of risk evaluation and human resilience in disaster situations, in order to understand vulnerabilities, and evaluation results should be included in contingency planning.
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Coetzee, Christo, Dewald Van Niekerk, and Emmanuel Raju. "Disaster resilience and complex adaptive systems theory." Disaster Prevention and Management 25, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-07-2015-0153.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the emergence of resilience into the contemporary discourse of disaster risk. As a counter position to the current status quo in defining and addressing resilience, this paper introduces the theoretical lens of complex adaptive systems theory (CAS). Some of the key characterisitcs related to CAS are discussed and linkages are made to possible benefit that they might have in enhancing the understanding of disaster resilience. Design/methodology/approach – An indepth review of literature pertaining to disaster resilience and CAS was conducted to find common grounds for theoretical synergies. Findings – The inherent similarities between the concept of resilience and CAS provides ample practical and theoretical contributions to the field of disaster risk studies. Originality/value – The paper provides a different perspective to the contemporary discourse on disaster resilience. A better understanding of disaster resilience and its underlying dynamics as illuminated by the application of CAS could in future provide an effective tool to manage disaster risks and building of resilience.
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Wang, Li Li, and Wang Ping Zhou. "Study on Functional Design of Chemical Disaster Emergency Response Robot." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 520–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.520.
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In the face of chemical disasters, the emergency rescue team must adopt effective methods to comprehensively monitor and control the disaster site and rapidly and dynamically obtain the information of disaster site. Using robots can break through the limitation of complex chemical disaster site on human being, meet the requirements for rapidness, efficiency, accuracy and instantaneity, achieve access to information on the disaster site, give assistance to emergency rescue and realize scientific response decision. Starting from the rescue difficulty factors of chemical disaster site, this paper analyzes the advantages of emergency response robots, constructs the functional design pattern of emergency response robots and conducts the functional designs on emergency response robots according to characteristics of three typical types of chemical disaster site.
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Corbacioglu, Sitki, and Naim Kapucu. "Intergovernmental Relations in Response to the 1999 Marmara Earthquake in Turkey: A Network Analysis." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 23, no. 3 (November 2005): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700502300304.
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This research examines the intergovernmental coordination to reduce vulnerability of local communities to disasters. Turkey's exposure to seismic risk is very high and achieving intergovernmental coordination in response operations is a challenge. The formal bureaucratic structure of the disaster management inhibits timely collective action in complex disaster environments. The paper examines one of the most destructive regional disasters of the last century, the 1999 Marmara earthquake. The research uses data from content analyses of news reports, interviews with public and nonprofit managers, and direct field observations. This analysis was carried out using UCINET 6.0 social network analysis software program. The results of the network analysis have shown that there is a problem of communication and coordination among public agencies in response to the disaster. Moreover, the integration of organizations from different jurisdictions and other sectors was problematic in the response operations. The results of the study reveal the leverage points for improving intergovernmental collective action from the perspective of complex adaptive systems theory.
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Hisada, Yoshiaki, Toshihiro Osaragi, Masahiro Murakami, Osamu Mizuno, Wataru Kobayashi, Susumu Yasuda, Miho Ohara, et al. "Disaster Response and Mitigation Support Technology for All-Hazards in Tokyo Metropolitan Area." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0387.
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In Theme 7-2 of SIP Disaster Prevention (Enhancement of Social Resiliency against Natural Disaster of Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program), we implemented the two subthemes to develop the disaster response and mitigation technology effective for the complex disaster caused by earthquake and flood by torrential rain in megalopolis such as Tokyo metropolitan area; “Subtheme 1: Development of Application Software for Supporting All-Hazards Management in Megalopolis and Commercial Areas around Large Terminal Stations,” and “Subtheme 2: Sustainable Development of Local Disaster Prevention Technology with Visualization Application.” In the former, we formulated behavioral guidelines of central city areas during disasters based on the hazard/risk assessment, and developed an application software for PC/smartphone to support emergency management by delivering relevant information to civilians and disaster response workers during the disaster. Especially, the application would reduce secondary disasters, such as the confusion/panic by the huge number of crowds. In the latter, to “efficiently utilize the limited time, human resources and goods and to minimize damage” at the time of the disaster, we developed a “travel support application,” which can efficaciously “assign” workers to various tasks (the events that require a response) that are spatially distributed at the occurrence of disaster, “navigate” by identifying optimal routes for patrol and “monitor” progress.
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Nakasu, Tadashi, Mamoru Miyamoto, Ruttiya Bhula-or, Tartat Mokkhamakkul, Sutee Anantsuksomsri, Yot Amornkitvikai, Sutpratana Duangkaew, and Toshio Okazumi. "Finding the Devastating Economic Disaster’s Root Causes of the 2011 Flood in Thailand: Why Did Supply Chains Make the Disaster Worse?" Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 5 (August 1, 2020): 556–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0556.
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This paper aims to identify the root causes that exacerbated the economic damage from the 2011 Chao Phraya river flood disaster in central Thailand industrial complex area. Finding root causes is crucial for learning from disasters; however, there has not been much investigation of the economic damage root causes with regard to the 2011 Chao Phraya river flood disaster. This paper seeks to investigate the root causes of the economic damage by organizing the existing analytical frameworks, tools and approaches to clarify why industrial parks and estates experienced such substantial economic devastation that resonated worldwide. The study’s research design includes a social background survey, in-depth interview surveys and an investigation of the disaster’s root causes. Through the research, inadequate urban and land use planning facilitated by a decentralization policy, foreign companies settlement in the country, which involved urbanization and relocation without proper risk assessment, information, and knowledge, and supplier’s responsibility based on the supply chain’s structure, are detected as root causes for the high economic damage in the industrial complex area. This study also provides key lessons essential to building regional resilience in industrial complex areas: 1) considering the potential risks of regional planning, which include both socio-economic and climate changes; 2) clarifying the roles of companies, regions, and nations in sharing risk information with related stakeholders before, during, and after a disaster; and 3) building horizontal and vertical collaborations among all related stakeholders.
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Aydinoglu, A. C., and M. S. Bilgin. "Developing an open geographic data model and analysis tools for disaster management: landslide case." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 2 (February 24, 2015): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-335-2015.
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Abstract. Disaster management aims to reduce catastrophic losses of disasters. Geographic information technologies support disaster management activities for effective and collaborative data management considering the complex nature of disasters. This study with an original conceptual approach aims to develop interoperable geographic data model and analysis tools to manage geographic data sets coming from different sources. For landslide disaster, 39 scenario-based activities were analysed with the required data according to user needs in a cycle of activities at mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery phases. An interoperable geographic data model for disaster management (ADYS), enabling up-to-date exchange of geographic data, was designed, compliant with the standards of ISO/TC211 Geographic Information/Geomatics, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and the Turkish National GIS (TUCBS). An open source and free analysis toolbox was developed and tested in the case study of activities such as landslide hazard analysis and a disaster warning system to support the Provincial Disaster Management Centres of Turkey. Open data models and analysis tools make effective activity management and data sharing possible. However, transforming data sets into data exchange formats is laborious.
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Burke, S. M., and S. Briggs. "(P2-55) The Role of Nursing in International Disasters: Lessons Learned." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s153—s154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004997.
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A disaster may result from a serious or sudden catastrophic event that has the potential for massive loss of infrastructure and significant mortality and morbidity. Disasters may be caused by natural or man-made events. With either type, the forces of the event overwhelm the first responders and health organizations in the stricken community and outside assistance is required. Developing countries have the highest burden with limited available resources. Today's complex disasters have increased the need for mobile medical/surgical response teams to provide disaster care. The United States (US) Government created the International Medical Surgical Response Teams (IMSuRT), which, on short notice, deploy a multidisciplinary team of doctors, nurses, and other health professionals to disasters around the world. IMSuRT has a rapidly deployable, fully equipped field hospital. Historically, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston, Massachusetts, US, has played a significant role in responding to humanitarian efforts both within the US and internationally. The MGH nurses play key roles in several response teams, including IMSuRT. Disaster nursing has many unique challenges. Nurses practice daily under controlled situations and become expert in one specialty; however, in the disaster setting this is not possible. Disaster nursing requires a fundamental change in the care of patients. During disasters, nurses work in areas that are not their primary specialty. Disaster nurses must be prepared in the essentials of disaster response- this requires planning, preparation, and training with multiple simulation drills focusing on patient scenarios, equipment utilization, teamwork, triage, decontamination, and scene safety. We must be creative, adaptable, and flexible to the needs of the disaster. Most importantly, cultural sensitivity, and communication are important factors in the delivery of disaster care.
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Zhang, Qing. "Spatial Correlation Analysis of Geological Disaster and Geological Background in Liaoning Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1733–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1733.
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Liaoning Province is located in the southern part of northeast China,and within two first degree tectonic units,that is,Sino-Korean quasi-platform and Tianshan-Xingmeng geosynclinals fold system,it has complex geological environment,strong natural variability and frequent geological disasters. Taking GIS as a platform,selecting the factors of the stratigraphic,magmatic,tectonic,seismic and geological hazard,and using empirical weighting method,the paper analyzed the spatial relationship of geological disaster and geological background and acquired that Liaohe Group and Triassic is the major geological disaster strata and magmatic rock area is the more developed area of geological disaster,and disaster points mainlydeveloped in the Triassic of the Mesozoic.
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Russbach, Remi. "International Assistance Operations in Disaster Situations." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0002690x.
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Sound disaster preparedness and a well-organized, local and material response will considerably reduce the necessity for calling on international assistance in the event of disaster. However, despite an excellent level of preparedness, some dramatic situations in the wake of a large-scale disaster always will make the mobilization of international resources absolutely essential.The international network for disaster relief is quite complex. Many governments have set up emergency relief teams to cope with disasters in their own countries and are able to assign these teams to international relief operations. This type of governmental assistance is provided under agreement with the other governments involved. The United Nations (UN), through the Office of the UN Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO), can play a role in coordinating emergency operations.
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Inoue, Masashi, Masaru Arakida, Youb Raj Paudyal, Khamarrul Azahari Razak, Ting-Chi Tsao, Chandan Ghosh, Warren Ladbrook, Kuniyoshi Takeuchi, and Mikio Ishiwatari. "Building Disaster Resilience amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Transdisciplinary Approach for Decision Making." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0144.
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The fact that COVID-19 caused unprecedented challenges for the first time in the human race and eventually rose against all odds in such a short period is a testament to transdisciplinary capacity building. This study analyzes the approaches to disaster management during the pandemic by examining some cases in the Asian region. Managing disasters during a pandemic requires a transdisciplinary approach (TDA), including multi-sectoral coordination, and an interdisciplinary approach based on sound knowledge sharing. The session, in September 2021, in which nine presenters participated, discussed the role of TDA in managing disasters. Through this special session, it was found that the TDA contributed to managing disasters in complex situations, and three characteristics could be identified. First, as per institutional arrangements, case studies show how disaster risk reduction agencies, which had been responding to the expected scale of disasters, have started to respond to multiple different disasters and infectious diseases because of COVID-19. Second, public trust based on sound knowledge and information sharing is essential for promoting multi-stakeholder coordination. Third, information and communication technology utilization was found not only for information sharing and contact-base registration systems on disaster response to COVID-19 but also for monitoring the reconstruction process after a disaster in a remote manner. Further analysis and review will be conducted to develop these evolving practices to build disaster resilience.
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Wang, Jiahu, Ming Li, and Ping Lin. "Evaluation Model of Regional Comprehensive Disaster Reduction Capacity under Complex Environment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1593536.
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In order to realize the evaluation of regional comprehensive disaster reduction capacity in a complex environment, an evaluation model of regional comprehensive disaster reduction capacity in a complex environment based on remote sensing monitoring and data image feature analysis is proposed. According to the geographical location and scale of disaster spots and the parameter analysis of the model of disaster-bearing bodies around the disaster spots, the remote sensing monitoring method is adopted to extract the geographical remote sensing images of regional disaster spots in a complex environment. The collected geographical remote sensing images of regional disaster points under the complex environmental background are filtered and preprocessed, and the texture parameters of the geographical remote sensing images of regional disaster points under the complex environmental background are recognized by combining the method of image texture feature extraction. Based on the method of tone mapping, the rapid filtering and feature analysis of the geographical remote sensing images of regional disaster points under the complex environmental background are carried out, and the time, position, damage, and so on in the geographical remote sensing images of regional disaster points under the complex environmental background are analyzed. By using the method of parameter analysis and gradient operator operation, a comparison model of geographical remote sensing images of regional disaster points under the complex environmental background is established, and the reliability evaluation of regional comprehensive disaster reduction ability under the complex environmental background is realized according to the method of contrast and detail significance enhancement. The test shows that this method has high accuracy in evaluating regional comprehensive disaster reduction capability under a complex environment, high accuracy in marking the geographical location of regional disaster points under a complex environment, and good fusion performance and reliability of regional comprehensive disaster reduction capability evaluation parameters.
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ZSÁKAI, Robert. "ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND TREATMENT POSSIBILITIES IN MILITARY PERSONNEL." Strategic Impact 82, no. 1 (July 13, 2022): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/1842-9904-22-3.
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Disaster management is a very complex phenomenon, which is not only the task of an organization, rather a common aim of the government, social organizations and civilians. Disaster relief, prevention, response and recovery are complex processes where cooperation between countries and international bodies is essential. Breaking with previous conventions has made the system more open, thus they can monitor the effects of disasters from several aspects. In addition to social and economic damage prevention, this paper’s aim is to clearly stressing the fact that more attention should be paid to psychological assistance and psychic resilience improvement of military personnel.
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Pfefferbaum, Betty, Mary A. Noffsinger, Kathleen Sherrieb, and Fran H. Norris. "Framework for Research on Children's Reactions to Disasters and Terrorist Events." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 6 (October 4, 2012): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12001343.
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AbstractClinical work and research relative to child mental health during and following disaster are especially challenging due to the complex child maturational processes and family and social contexts of children's lives. The effects of disasters and terrorist events on children and adolescents necessitate diligent and responsible preparation and implementation of research endeavors. Disasters present numerous practical and methodological barriers that may influence the selection of participants, timing of assessments, and constructs being investigated. This article describes an efficient approach to guide both novice and experienced researchers as they prepare to conduct disaster research involving children. The approach is based on five fundamental research questions: “Why?, Who?, When?, What?, and How?” Addressing each of the “four Ws” will assist researchers in determining “How” to construct and implement a study from start to finish. A simple diagram of the five questions guides the reader through the components involved in studying children's reactions to disasters. The use of this approach is illustrated with examples from disaster mental health studies in children, thus simultaneously providing a review of the literature.PfefferbaumB, NoffsingerMA, SherriebK, FranH., NorrisFH.. Framework for research on children's reactions to disasters and terrorist events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-10.
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Kwon, Jin-Woo, Seong-Jin Yun, and Won-Tae Kim. "A Semantic Data-Based Distributed Computing Framework to Accelerate Digital Twin Services for Large-Scale Disasters." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 6749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186749.
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As natural disasters become extensive, due to various environmental problems, such as the global warming, it is difficult for the disaster management systems to rapidly provide disaster prediction services, due to complex natural phenomena. Digital twins can effectively provide the services using high-fidelity disaster models and real-time observational data with distributed computing schemes. However, the previous schemes take little account of the correlations between environmental data of disasters, such as landscapes and weather. This causes inaccurate computing load predictions resulting in unbalanced load partitioning, which increases the prediction service times of the disaster management agencies. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed computing framework to accelerate the prediction services through semantic analyses of correlations between the environmental data. The framework combines the data into disaster semantic data to represent the initial disaster states, such as the sizes of wildfire burn scars and fuel models. With the semantic data, the framework predicts computing loads using the convolutional neural network-based algorithm, partitions the simulation model into balanced sub-models, and allocates the sub-models into distributed computing nodes. As a result, the proposal shows up to 38.5% of the prediction time decreases, compared to the previous schemes.
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Guo, Li, Junming Liang, Tao Chen, Yuan Gao, and Zhen Yang. "Scenario-Driven Methodology for Cascading Disasters Risk Assessment of Earthquake on Chemical Industrial Park." Processes 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010032.
Full textAbstract:
With the increase in industrial accidents induced by natural disasters, the study of earthquake risk assessment has been widely considered by scholars. However, the cascade evolution of Natech (natural–technological) disasters has not been thoroughly studied, especially in chemical parks with complex technological processes. From the perspective of scenario deduction, combined with cross-impact analysis and a damping interpretation structural model, this paper analyzes the evolution process of cascade disaster in a chemical industrial park after the Wenchuan earthquake. At the same time, a visual network risk assessment model is constructed to identify the impact of earthquake cascade disasters on the park. The simulation results show that the scenario-driven risk assessment method proposed in this paper can directly reflect the coupling relationship and propagation path among the derived events and realize dynamic, intuitive and structured disaster expression to deal with the earthquake Natech (natural–technological) disaster scenario effectively and quickly.