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Allen, Courtni E., and Michael P. Schmitt. "Utilization of Host Iron Sources by Corynebacterium diphtheriae: Multiple Hemoglobin-Binding Proteins Are Essential for the Use of Iron from the Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Complex." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 3 (November 17, 2014): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02413-14.
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The use of hemin iron byCorynebacterium diphtheriaerequires the DtxR- and iron-regulated ABC hemin transporter HmuTUV and the secreted Hb-binding protein HtaA. We recently described two surface anchored proteins, ChtA and ChtC, which also bind hemin and Hb. ChtA and ChtC share structural similarities to HtaA; however, a function for ChtA and ChtC was not determined. In this study, we identified additional host iron sources that are utilized byC. diphtheriae. We show that severalC. diphtheriaestrains use the hemoglobin-haptoglobin (Hb-Hp) complex as an iron source. We report that anhtaAdeletion mutant ofC. diphtheriaestrain 1737 is unable to use the Hb-Hp complex as an iron source, and we further demonstrate that achtA-chtCdouble mutant is also unable to use Hb-Hp iron. Single-deletion mutants ofchtAorchtCuse Hb-Hp iron in a manner similar to that of the wild type. These findings suggest that both HtaA and either ChtA or ChtC are essential for the use of Hb-Hp iron. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies show that HtaA binds the Hb-Hp complex, and the substitution of a conserved tyrosine (Y361) for alanine in HtaA results in significantly reduced binding.C. diphtheriaewas also able to use human serum albumin (HSA) and myoglobin (Mb) but not hemopexin as iron sources. These studies identify a biological function for the ChtA and ChtC proteins and demonstrate that the use of the Hb-Hp complex as an iron source byC. diphtheriaerequires multiple iron-regulated surface components.
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Hu, Hengxun, Jinliang Nan, Yong Sun, Dan Zhu, Changchen Xiao, Yaping Wang, Lianlian Zhu, et al. "Electron leak from NDUFA13 within mitochondrial complex I attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury via dimerized STAT3." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (October 20, 2017): 11908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704723114.
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The causative relationship between specific mitochondrial molecular structure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has attracted much attention. NDUFA13 is a newly identified accessory subunit of mitochondria complex I with a unique molecular structure and a location that is very close to the subunits of complex I of low electrochemical potentials. It has been reported that down-regulated NDUFA13 rendered tumor cells more resistant to apoptosis. Thus, this molecule might provide an ideal opportunity for us to investigate the profile of ROS generation and its role in cell protection against apoptosis. In the present study, we generated cardiac-specific tamoxifen-inducible NDUFA13 knockout mice and demonstrated that cardiac-specific heterozygous knockout (cHet) mice exhibited normal cardiac morphology and function in the basal state but were more resistant to apoptosis when exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. cHet mice showed a preserved capacity of oxygen consumption rate by complex I and II, which can match the oxygen consumption driven by electron donors ofN,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD)+ascorbate. Interestingly, at basal state, cHet mice exhibited a higher H2O2level in the cytosol, but not in the mitochondria. Importantly, increased H2O2served as a second messenger and led to the STAT3 dimerization and, hence, activation of antiapoptotic signaling, which eventually significantly suppressed the superoxide burst and decreased the infarct size during the I/R process in cHet mice.
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Cherckesova, Larisa, Olga Safaryan, Irina Reshetnikova, Tatyana Nikishina, and Denis Korochentsev. "Corporate chat under DLP–system controlling." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308048.
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The article describes the preparation process of software complex (package) consisting of secure corporate chat and DLP (Data Leak Prevention) system in the form of security monitor. Software development, project architecture, testing and other creation stage are demonstrated. The operation processes of security monitor are shown; the functionality of software package DLP–system is considered.
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Zuccon, Dario, and Per G. P. Ericson. "A multi-gene phylogeny disentangles the chat-flycatcher complex (Aves: Muscicapidae)." Zoologica Scripta 39, no. 3 (May 2010): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00423.x.
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Park, Dongsun, Ehn-Kyoung Choi, Tai-Hyoung Cho, Seong Soo Joo, and Yun-Bae Kim. "Human Neural Stem Cells Encoding ChAT Gene Restore Cognitive Function via Acetylcholine Synthesis, Aβ Elimination, and Neuroregeneration in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11 (May 31, 2020): 3958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113958.
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In Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, degeneration of the cholinergic system utilizing acetylcholine for memory acquisition is observed. Since AD therapy using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are only palliative for memory deficits without slowing or reversing disease progress, there is a need for effective therapies, and stem cell-based therapeutic approaches targeting AD should fulfill this requirement. We established a human neural stem cell (NSC) line encoding choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene, an acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme. APPswe/PS1dE9 AD model mice transplanted with the F3.ChAT NSCs exhibited improved cognitive function and physical activity. Transplanted F3.ChAT NSCs in the AD mice differentiated into neurons and astrocytes, produced ChAT protein, increased the ACh level, and improved the learning and memory function. F3.ChAT cell transplantation reduced Aβ deposits by recovering microglial function; i.e., the down-regulation of β-secretase and inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin. F3.ChAT cells restored growth factors (GFs) and neurotrophic factors (NFs), and they induced the proliferation of NSCs in the host brain. These findings indicate that NSCs overexpressing ChAT can ameliorate complex cognitive and physical deficits of AD animals by releasing ACh, reducing Aβ deposit, and promoting neuroregeneration by the production of GFs/NFs. It is suggested that NSCs overexpressing ChAT could be a candidate for cell therapy in advanced AD therapy.
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MacDonald, Heather. "Analysis of Question Type Can Help Inform Chat Staffing Decisions." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29727.
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A Review of:
Meert-Williston, D., & Sandieson, R. (2019). Online Chat Reference: Question Type and the Implication for Staffing in a Large Academic Library. The Reference Librarian, 60(1), 51-61. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02763877.2018.1515688
Abstract
Objective – Determine the type of online chat questions to help inform staffing decisions for chat reference service considering their library’s service mandate.
Design – Content analysis of consortial online chat questions.
Setting – Large academic library in Canada.
Subjects – Analysis included 2,734 chat question transcripts.
Methods – The authors analyzed chat question transcripts from patrons at the institution for the period of time from September 2013 to August 2014. The authors coded transcripts by question type using a coding tool created by the authors. For transcripts that fit more than one question type, the authors chose the most prominent type.
Main Results – The authors coded the chat questions as follows: service (51%), reference (25%), citation (9%), technology (7%), and miscellaneous (8%). The majority of service questions were informational, followed by account related questions. Most of the reference chat questions were ready reference with only 16% (4% of the total number of chat questions) being in-depth. After removing miscellaneous questions, those that required a high level of expertise (in-depth reference, instructional, copyright, or citation) equaled 19%.
Conclusion – At this institution, one in five chat questions needed a high level of expertise. Library assistants with sufficient expertise could effectively answer circulation and general reference questions. With training they could triage complex questions.
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Alexandropoulos, Konstantina, and Adam G. Regelmann. "Regulation of T-lymphocyte physiology by the Chat-H/CasL adapter complex." Immunological Reviews 232, no. 1 (November 2009): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00831.x.
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Grimalt-Álvaro, Carme, and Jaume Ametller. "A Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Approach for the Design of a Qualitative Methodology in Science Educational Research." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 2021): 160940692110606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069211060664.
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Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was conceived and has been developed as an interventionist proposal and mostly as an analytical tool. The aim of this paper is to explore the connections between ontological and epistemological considerations underpinning CHAT and concrete research methodological decisions. We discuss how considerations of the philosophical basis of CHAT and more recent developments in philosophy can offer specific guidance to methodological decisions by exploring an example of research about using technology to teach in secondary science education. The explicit definition of the ontological character of activity, the status of the concept of transformation, or considering points of entry as an epistemological device suggest a possible logic to define data-gathering methods which could be generalised to other areas of CHAT research. We also discuss complementary frameworks, in particular the concept of identity, to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of the activity.
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Gauda, Estelle B., Reed Cooper, Shereé M. Johnson, Gabrielle L. McLemore, and Cathleen Marshall. "Autonomic microganglion cells: a source of acetylcholine in the rat carotid body." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 1 (January 2004): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00897.2003.
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Hypoxic chemosensitivity of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors and the ventilatory response to O2 deprivation increases with postnatal development. Multiple putative neurotransmitters, which are synthesized in the carotid body (CB), are thought to mediate signals generated by hypoxia. Acetylcholine (ACh) is believed to be a major excitatory neurotransmitter participating in hypoxic chemosensitivity. However, it is not known whether ACh originates from type I cells in the CB. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) mRNAs are expressed in the CB and that mRNA levels would increase with postnatal maturation or exposure to hypoxia. Semiquantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were used to localize cholinergic markers within neurons and cells of the rat CB, the nodose-petrosal-jugular ganglion complex, and the superior cervical ganglion up to postnatal day 28. We show that the pattern of distribution, in tissue sections, is similar for both ACh markers; however, the level of VAChT mRNA is uniformly greater than that of ChAT. VAChT mRNA and immunoreactivity are detected abundantly in the nodose-petrosal-jugular ganglion complex in a number of microganglion cells embedded in nerve fibers innervating the CB for all postnatal groups, whereas ChAT mRNA is detected in only a few of these cells. Contrary to our hypothesis, postnatal maturation caused a reduction in ACh trait expression, whereas hypoxic exposure did not induce the upregulation of VAChT and ChAT mRNA levels in the CB, microganglion, or within the ganglion complex. The present findings indicate that the source of ACh in the CB is likely within autonomic microganglion cells and cholinergic nerve terminals.
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Carbery, Madeline, Richard Schulz, Juleen Rodakowski, Lauren Terhorst, and Beth Fields. "Evaluating the Appropriateness and Feasibility of the Care Partner Hospital Assessment Tool (CHAT)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24 (December 18, 2021): 13355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413355.
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Hospital practitioners rely on care partners of older adults to provide complex care without identifying and addressing their needs. The Care Partner Hospital Assessment Tool (CHAT) was developed to identify the education skill training needs of care partners of hospitalized older adults. This two-phased mixed-method study evaluated the appropriateness and feasibility of the CHAT. The phase 1 quantitative survey with caregiving experts indicated 70–100% agreement for the length and helpfulness of the CHAT (n = 23). These results were supported by phase 2 qualitative interviews with hospital administrators and practitioners, which revealed the following themes: (1) intuitive and clear design worth sustaining and (2) concerns and proposed solutions for implementation. Findings suggest the CHAT is an appropriate and feasible tool for hospital practitioners to tailor their education and skills training to address care partners’ needs. Identifying care partners’ needs is an important step in ensuring they are prepared to complete their caregiving responsibilities.
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Birrien, Jean-Louis, Xiang Zeng, Mohamed Jebbar, Marie-Anne Cambon-Bonavita, Joël Quérellou, Philippe Oger, Nadège Bienvenu, Xiang Xiao, and Daniel Prieur. "Pyrococcus yayanosii sp. nov., an obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 61, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 2827–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.024653-0.
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An obligate piezophilic anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, designated strain CH1T, was isolated from a hydrothermal vent site named ‘Ashadze’, which is located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at a depth of 4100 m. Enrichment and isolation of the strain were carried out at 95 °C under a hydrostatic pressure of 42 MPa. Cells of strain CH1T were highly motile irregular cocci with a diameter of ~1–1.5 µm. Growth was recorded at 80–108 °C (optimum 98 °C) and at pressures of 20–120 MPa (optimum 52 MPa). No growth was observed under atmospheric pressures at 60–110 °C. Growth was observed at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum 7.5–8.0) and in 2.5–5.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3.5 %). Strain CH1T was strictly anaerobic and grew on complex proteinaceous substrates, such as yeast extract, Peptone, and casein, as well as on sucrose, starch, chitin, pyruvate, acetate and glycerol without electron acceptors. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.0±0.5 mol%. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain CH1T belongs to the genus Pyrococcus. Based on its physiological properties and similarity levels between ribosomal proteins, strain CH1T represents a novel species, for which the name Pyrococcus yayanosii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CH1T ( = JCM 16557). This strain is also available by request from the Souchothèque de Bretagne (catalogue LMBE) culture collection (collection no. 3310).
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Scheck, Sarah, Katrin Allmendinger, and Karin Hamann. "The Effects of Media Richness on Multilateral Negotiations in a Collaborative Virtual Environment." Journal of Media Psychology 20, no. 2 (January 2008): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.20.2.57.
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Negotiations between three or more parties are more complex than dyadic negotiations concerning the integration of various interests. In this study, we investigated negotiation in a collaborative virtual environment. We focused specifically on communication channels and their impact on negotiation in three-person groups. Three conditions of media richness were varied in the collaborative virtual environment: text chat, audio channel, and a combination of both. Furthermore, various nonverbal signals and a function for taking notes were available to the participants in every condition. The results show that participants in the conditions with audio channel and with audio channel and text chat are more satisfied with the communication process and need less time to find a solution. The quality of the negotiated result does not differ between the conditions. Adding text chat to the audio channel does not enhance the potential of solving negotiation problems. Audio-based communication seems to meet the requirements of negotiating better than text chat in terms of a more satisfying and faster communication process.
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Witkop, Catherine T., Lauren A. Maggio, Emily J. Harvey, and Dario M. Torre. "Complexity in shared decision making: a qualitative analysis of clinical encounters and patient/physician interviews." MedEdPublish 12 (March 14, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mep.19043.1.
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Background: Shared decision making is a complex clinical activity, for which the most effective educational interventions are unclear. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) can be utilized as a framework to help medical educators understand and teach shared decision making. The objective of this qualitative study was to utilize CHAT to explore, through analysis of clinical encounters and interviews, patient and provider perspectives of a medical decision-making process that included use of a decision aid mobile application (app). Methods: Female patients from age 17 to 45, who sought care at a contraceptive clinic between April and June 2019, and physicians providing care in the clinic, were recruited for this study. Patients utilized the decision aid app prior to the visit. The clinical encounter and semi-structured interviews with each patient and physician were recorded. Template analysis was used to analyze the transcripts with themes including elements of activity systems within CHAT, tensions within and between activity systems, and agency. Results: In total, 21 patients and eight providers participated in the study. Evidence of CHAT elements were identified for each patient-physician dyad. In analyzing occurrences of codes across transcripts, recurring contradictions and themes emerged, such as how the app is utilized as a mediating tool and the importance of patient and physician communities. Conclusions: Through analysis of clinical encounters and focused interviews, patient and provider perspectives provided a unique understanding of the complex process of decision-making. These findings can assist educators in developing more effective teaching strategies that may lead to enhanced patient agency, effective relational agency, and successful shared decision making.
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Willett, Jonathan W., Julien Herrou, Ariane Briegel, Grant Rotskoff, and Sean Crosson. "Structural asymmetry in a conserved signaling system that regulates division, replication, and virulence of an intracellular pathogen." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (June 29, 2015): E3709—E3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1503118112.
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We have functionally and structurally defined an essential protein phosphorelay that regulates expression of genes required for growth, division, and intracellular survival of the global zoonotic pathogen Brucella abortus. Our study delineates phosphoryl transfer through this molecular pathway, which initiates from the sensor kinase CckA and proceeds through the ChpT phosphotransferase to two regulatory substrates: CtrA and CpdR. Genetic perturbation of this system results in defects in cell growth and division site selection, and a specific viability deficit inside human phagocytic cells. Thus, proper control of B. abortus division site polarity is necessary for survival in the intracellular niche. We further define the structural foundations of signaling from the central phosphotransferase, ChpT, to its response regulator substrate, CtrA, and provide evidence that there are at least two modes of interaction between ChpT and CtrA, only one of which is competent to catalyze phosphoryltransfer. The structure and dynamics of the active site on each side of the ChpT homodimer are distinct, supporting a model in which quaternary structure of the 2:2 ChpT–CtrA complex enforces an asymmetric mechanism of phosphoryl transfer between ChpT and CtrA. Our study provides mechanistic understanding, from the cellular to the atomic scale, of a conserved transcriptional regulatory system that controls the cellular and infection biology of B. abortus. More generally, our results provide insight into the structural basis of two-component signal transduction, which is broadly conserved in bacteria, plants, and fungi.
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Gaskin, Kerry Louise, Jo Wray, and David J. Barron. "Acceptability of a parental early warning tool for parents of infants with complex congenital heart disease: a qualitative feasibility study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 9 (March 22, 2018): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313227.
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AimTo explore the acceptability and feasibility of a parental early warning tool, called the Congenital Heart Assessment Tool (CHAT), for parents going home with their infant between first and second stage of surgery for complex congenital heart disease.BackgroundHome monitoring programmes were developed to aid early recognition of deterioration in fragile infants between first and second surgical stage. However, this necessitates good discharge preparation to enable parents to develop appropriate knowledge and understanding of signs of deterioration to look for and who to contact.DesignThis was a longitudinal qualitative feasibility study, within a constructivist paradigm. Parents were taught how to use the CHAT before taking their infant home and asked to participate in semistructured interviews at four time points: before discharge (T0), 2 weeks after discharge (T1), 8 weeks after discharge (T2) and after stage 2 surgery (T3). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.SettingOne tertiary children’s cardiac centre in the UK.SubjectsTwelve parents of eight infants who were discharged following first stage cardiac surgery for complex congenital heart disease, between August 2013 and February 2015.ResultsFour main themes emerged: (1) parental preparation and vigilance, (2) usability, (3) mastery, and (4) reassurance and support.ConclusionsThe study highlighted the benefit of appropriately preparing parents before discharge, using the CHAT, to enable identification of normal infant behaviour and to detect signs of clinical deterioration. The study also demonstrated the importance of providing parents with information about when and who to call for management advice and support.
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Buttarazzi, Edoardo, Francesco Rosi, and Gianluca Ciancaleoni. "Influence of halogen bonding on gold(i)–ligand bond components and DFT characterization of a gold–iodine halogen bond." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 36 (2019): 20478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03811f.
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A gold(i) complex bearing nitrogen acyclic carbene (NAC) and selenourea (SeU) has been used to verify whether the second-sphere Se⋯I halogen bond (XB) is able to modify the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson components of the Au–C and Au–Se bonds.
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Vu, Lucas, Jiyan An, Tina Kovalik, Tania Gendron, Leonard Petrucelli, and Robert Bowser. "Cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of chitinase proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and expression of CHI3L1 in activated astrocytes." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 4 (January 14, 2020): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321916.
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ObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex disease with numerous pathological mechanisms resulting in a heterogeneous patient population. Using biomarkers for particular disease mechanisms may enrich a homogeneous subset of patients. In this study, we quantified chitotriosidase (Chit-1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), markers of glial activation, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma and determined the cell types that express CHI3L1 in ALS.MethodsImmunoassays were used to quantify Chit-1, CHI3L1 and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain levels in longitudinal CSF and matching plasma samples from 118 patients with ALS, 17 disease controls (DCs), and 24 healthy controls (HCs). Immunostaining was performed to identify and quantify CHI3L1-positive cells in tissue sections from ALS, DCs and non-neurological DCs.ResultsCSF Chit-1 exhibited increased levels in ALS as compared with DCs and HCs. CSF CHI3L1 levels were increased in ALS and DCs compared with HCs. No quantitative differences were noted in plasma for either chitinase. Patients with ALS with fast-progressing disease exhibited higher levels of CSF Chit-1 and CHI3L1 than patients with slow-progressing disease. Increased numbers of CHI3L1-positive cells were observed in postmortem ALS motor cortex as compared with controls, and these cells were identified as a subset of activated astrocytes located predominately in the white matter of the motor cortex and the spinal cord.ConclusionsCSF Chit-1 and CHI3L1 are significantly increased in ALS, and CSF Chit-1 and CHI3L1 levels correlate to the rate of disease progression. CHI3L1 is expressed by a subset of activated astrocytes predominately located in white matter.
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Tudini, Vincenza, and Antonella Strambi. "“Siamo vicini, no?”." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.2.07tud.
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Abstract Focusing specifically on the negotiation of commonality, this study explores rapport building (Spencer-Oatey, 2000) in online intercultural text chat, where Australian students of Italian interact with L1 Italian speakers. Although the initial purpose of the examined chat exchanges is to facilitate L2 acquisition, analysis of transcripts indicates that participants also seek to establish affiliation and friendship, through discussion of shared experiences, preferred leisure activities, and personal likings. Such orientation to like-mindedness and commonality can be an implicit concern in their interactions, as well as an explicit mentionable in their talk. Participants also successfully engage in complex face-saving and rapport maintenance strategies where there is potential for disagreement. Overall, the data suggest that identified rapport-building language and behaviors promote the establishment of positive relationships, as a key component of online intercultural text chat. Thus, from a pedagogical viewpoint, these interactions appear beneficial both for L2 learning and student wellbeing. The study concludes with suggestions for the integration of similar tasks into language programs.
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Phelps, Sue F. "Implementation of Proactive Chat Increases Number and Complexity of Reference Questions." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b85370.
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A Review of:
Maloney, K., & Kemp, J. H. (2015). Changes in reference question complexity following the implementation of a proactive chat system: Implications for practice. College & Research Libraries, 76(7), 959-974. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.7.959
Abstract
Objective – To determine whether the complexity of reference questions has changed over time; whether chat reference questions are more complex than those at the reference desk; and whether proactive chat increases the number and complexity of questions.
Design – Literature review and library data analysis.
Setting – Library of a doctoral degree granting university in the United States of America.
Methods – The study was carried out in two parts. The first was a meta-analysis of published data with empirical findings about the complexity of questions received at library service points in relationship to staffing levels. The authors used seven studies published between 1977 and 2012 from their literature review to create a matrix to compare reference questions based on the staffing level required to answer the questions (e.g., by a nonprofessional, a generalist, or a librarian). They present these articles in chronological order to illustrate how questions have changed over time. They sorted questions by the service point at which they were asked, either through chat service or at a reference desk.
In the second part of the study authors used the READ scale to categorize the complexity of questions asked at the reference desk and via proactive chat reference. They collected data for chat reference for six one-week periods over the course of eight months to provide a representative sample. They recorded reference desk questions for three of those same weeks. Both evaluators scored the data for a single week to norm their results, while the remaining data was coded independently.
Main Results – The complexity of questions in the seven articles studied indicated change over time, shown in tables for desk and chat reference. One outlier, a study published in 1977 before reference tools and resources moved online, reported that 62% of questions asked could be answered by nonprofessionals, 38% by a trained generalist, and only 6% required a librarian. The six other studies were published after 2001 when most resources had moved online. Of the questions from these six, authors found a range of 74-90% could be answered by a non-professional, 12-16% by a generalist, and 0-11% required a librarian. Once chat reference was added there was more variation reported between studies, with generalist questions at 30-47% of those reported and 10-23% requiring a librarian.
Though the underlying differences in the study designs do not allow for formal analysis, the seven studies indicate that more complex questions are asked via chat service than at the reference desk. Each staffing level was grouped and averaged for comparison. The 1977 study shows nonprofessional questions at 62%, generalist questions at 32%, and librarian questions at 6%. Reference desk questions in the post-2001 articles indicated 81% nonprofessional, 13% generalist, and 5% librarian questions. Post-2001 chat questions were at 49% nonprofessional, 36% generalist, and 15% at librarian level.
In the second part of the study, the data coded using the READ scale and collected from the proactive chat system showed an increased number and complexity of questions. The authors identified 4% of questions were rated at a level 1 (e.g., directional, library hours), 30% at level 2 (e.g., known item searching), 39% at level 3 (e.g., reference questions), and 27% at level 4 requiring advanced expertise (e.g., using specialized databases or data sets). Authors combined questions at levels 5 and 6 due to low numbers, and did not describe these when reporting their study. In comparison, 15% of reference desk questions were at a level 3 on the READ scale, and 1% were at level 4.
Conclusion – Proactive chat reference service increased the number and the complexity of questions over those received via the reference desk. The frequency of complex questions was too high for nonprofessional staff to refer questions to librarians, causing reevaluation of the tiered service model. Further, this study demonstrates that users still have questions about research, but for users to access services for these questions “reference service must be proactive, convenient, and expert to meet user expectations and research needs” (p. 972).
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Sturkenboom, Nick, Ehsan Baha, Rebecca Price, Maaike Kleinsmann, and Dirk Snelders. "A CHAT Approach to Understand Framing in Digital Service Innovation." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3031–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.310.
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AbstractWithin the third wave of digital service innovation, framing is becoming increasingly complex. Accordingly, design practice finds itself in a transition from designing single service solutions that are shared, to designing systemic solutions that are shareable. We report a case study in which we use Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) to analyze the framing process that a designer went through when designing a digital service for a Connected Care startup. Results show the importance of the designer's activity awareness and the challenge of dealing with relational complexity when framing the digital service innovation. With this work, we hope to inspire researchers and practitioners with the potential that CHAT has to offer for the reflective practice in digital service innovations.
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Dey-Plissonneau, Aparajita. "CHAT framework to study affordances in CALL environments." EuroCALL Review 29, no. 2 (November 26, 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2021.14991.
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This paper proposes to explore the theory of affordances in the light of cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) to study affordances in complex Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) environments. The term ‘affordance’ designates an action possibility that is offered by an environment or an object to an actor in the environment either “for good or ill” (Gibson, 1979). It depends not only on the inherent characteristics of the environment but also on the users’ perception and action capabilities. CALL affordances are said to be a unique combination of social, educational, linguistic, and technological affordances (Blin, 2016a). However, there is limited research to date that looks at affordances from an ecological perspective linking the micro moment-to-moment interaction levels with the macro level within which they are embedded in educational contexts (Blin, 2016a). This paper explores the analytical tools of CHAT (Leontyev, 1978; Engeström, 1987) as particularly suitable to investigate affordances at the macro, meso and micro levels of technology-mediated sociocultural educational contexts in CALL.
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Balu, Perumal, Sambath Baskaran, Venu Kannappan, and Chinnappan Sivasankar. "A possibility of functionalizing the dinitrogen in a Chatt complex by H2: Density functional studies." Polyhedron 31, no. 1 (January 2012): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2011.10.036.
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Natrajan, Pennarasi, Hilal Ahmad Khan, Deepa Masilamani, and Chinnappan Sivasankar. "DFT studies of protonation and anion binding of Chatt type dinitrogen complex: Who is first?" Inorganica Chimica Acta 536 (June 2022): 120899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2022.120899.
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Aditya, Clarissa Josephine, Jenni Kim Dahliana, Ariani Dewi Widodo, and Rini Sekartini. "Autism spectrum disorder screening in children aged 16-30 months using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (M-CHAT-R)." Paediatrica Indonesiana 61, no. 5 (September 20, 2021): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi61.5.2021.247-52.
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Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence of 7.6 in 1,000 children. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers - Revised (M-CHAT-R) is one of many screening tools for ASD. It is fast, easy to use, and has been translated and validated in the Indonesian language.
Objective To determine the prevalence of ASD in Indonesia and its risk factors.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2020. In the first protocol (March to July 2020), 219 children aged 16-30 months from 20 hospital walk-in clinics in five districts of Jakarta were included. Subjects’ parents filled out the M-CHAT-R questionnaire during their visit. A series of questions were asked to provide information about probable risk factors associated with ASD: gender, family history of ASD, preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), and history of seizures. The second protocol (August to October 2020) was completed by parents via an online form, where 746 children aged 16-30 months were enrolled. Therefore, a total of 965 subjects were eligible for statistical analysis.
Results Of 965 subjects, 56.58% were males. Subjects’ mean of age was 22.59 (SD 4.15) months. M-CHAT-R screening showed that 34 (3.52%) subjects were at high risk of developing ASD. Only male gender was significantly associated with ASD.
Conclusion We screened for ASD in healthy 16-30-month-old Indonesian children. The rate of high-risk M-CHAT-R score was 3.52%. Male gender was a significant risk factor for high-risk M-CHAT-R results.
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Jiménez-Lao, Rafael, Pedro Garcia-Caparros, Mónica Pérez-Saiz, Alfonso Llanderal, and María Teresa Lao. "Monitoring Optical Tool to Determine the Chlorophyll Concentration in Ornamental Plants." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112197.
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The accurate estimation of leaf photosynthetic pigments concentration is crucial to check the plant´s health. Traditional methods of measuring photosynthetic pigments involve complex procedures of solvent extraction followed by spectrophotometric determinations. Portable plant instruments such as Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) meters can facilitate this task for the speed and simplicity of the measures. The relationship between chlorophyll index obtained by SPAD-502 and pigment concentration in several ornamental species can help in the management of ornamental plant production. Two trials have been carried out in two different growing seasons (spring and summer) and facilities (greenhouse and open air), involving 30 ornamental species. There was a high linear relationship between concentrations of Chla and Chlb, as well as between Chlt and Ct in different species studied under greenhouse and open field conditions. The ratio between Chla and Chlb was higher at open field conditions and similar between Chlt and Ct. There was also a good relationship between Chlorophyll index and Chlt under both growing conditions, as well as between Chlorophyll index and Ct under greenhouse conditions. However, linear relationships with different slopes were observed for groups of species at open field conditions.
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Maa, Joy, and Naoko Taguchi. "Using L2 interactional-pragmatic resources in CMC: A case of Japanese orthography and emoji." Language Teaching Research 26, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 190–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13621688211064934.
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Increasingly prevalent use of technologies such as instant messaging and online chat has transformed our traditional ways of learning and teaching pragmatics. This study presents an example of such transformation by demonstrating how computer-mediated communication (CMC) may be employed as a tool to provide second language (L2) learners opportunities to use interactional resources specific to the context of CMC, namely unique orthography and emoji. For the study, we introduced four university-level learners of Japanese to a language exchange messaging application and recorded their online text-based chat interactions with native Japanese speakers over a period of 12 weeks. We followed up the chat data with weekly stimulated verbal recalls (SVR) to investigate L2 learners’ intentions and perceptions surrounding their own and others’ use of unique orthography and emoji (48 SVR sessions total; average 30 minutes per session). Coding and thematic analysis of the chat data revealed learners’ agentive use of orthography and emoji as resources for communication. In addition, the SVR data revealed a variety of personal and interpersonal reasons behind their use, including learners’ concerns over self-presentation, interpersonal relationships, identity, and discourse management. The findings not only demonstrate how CMC can afford learners a unique environment for experimenting with a range of context-appropriate interactional resources to convey pragmatic meaning, but also shed light on the various, sometimes competing, considerations and complex processes underlying learners’ pragmatic choices in CMC.
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Parlamis, Jennifer, and Rebekah Dibble. "Teaming: Are two communication modes better than one?" Team Performance Management: An International Journal 25, no. 5/6 (August 12, 2019): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-10-2018-0065.
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Purpose Applying media synchronicity theory (MST) as a theoretical foundation, this paper aims to examine whether teams using multiple communication modes perform better on a complex intra-team task than those using a single mode. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a mixed-methods explanatory design. Data were collected from 44 teams directly following participation in the Everest Leadership and Team Simulation. Teams were assigned a specific mode of communication: virtual (text-chat only), face-to-face (FTF) or dual (FTF and chat). Findings No significant differences in team goals achieved were found when comparing dual modes to single modes, counter to predictions based on MST. Qualitative data indicated that FTF communication is dominant and might lead to “medium inertia” when multiple modes are available. FTF teams reported higher perceptions of team effectiveness than text-chat-only teams. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted on a small number of teams in an artificial environment; therefore, generalizability is limited. Future research should consider other measures of team performance and test teams in a virtual setting where distance, as well as time, are factors. Practical implications FTF communication tends to be dominant to a point where virtual options are ignored, suggesting that greater awareness around communication processes required for complex tasks, and ways to appropriate different media for conveyance or convergence, is key to team performance. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of determining processes by which teams shift between media to maximize conveyance and convergence processes. Additionally, distinguishing between objective performance and perceptions of performance highlight an additional challenge for teams that can be explored.
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Lee, Teresa M., Linda J. Addonizio, and Wendy K. Chung. "Dilated cardiomyopathy due to a phospholamban duplication." Cardiology in the Young 24, no. 5 (January 22, 2014): 953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951113002035.
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AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy is characterised by dilation and impaired systolic function. We present the case of a child with dilated cardiomyopathy caused by a 624 kb duplication of 6q22.31, which includes the phospholamban gene. The patient also has failure to thrive and developmental delay due to complex cytogenetic abnormalities including a 5p15 deletion associated with Cri du Chat and an 11p15 duplication associated with Russell–Silver syndrome.
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Fischer, Roland A., Dana Weiß, Manuela Winter, Iris Müller, Herbert D. Kaesz, Nikolaus Fröhlich, and Gernot Frenking. "The reaction of the group-13 alkyls ER3 (E=Al, Ga, In; R=CH2t-Bu, CH2 SiMe3) with the platinum-complex [(dcpe)Pt(H)(CH2t-Bu)]." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 689, no. 24 (November 2004): 4611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.09.059.
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Tích, Vũ Văn. "Tiến hóa biến chất của Granulit phức hệ Kan Nack và quá trình tạo núi Indosini." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 28, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/28/3/11668.
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Barros, Ana, Helena Santos, Luís Moreira, and Filipe Santos-Silva. "Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Cancer Health Literacy Test for Portuguese Cancer Patients: A Pre-Test." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106237.
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Assuming the multidimensionality of health literacy, new complex and comprehensive approaches are more adequate to specific disease contexts, such as cancer. Assessing cancer literacy levels is a priority, since it entails potential serious implications for disease outcomes and patient’s quality of life. This article reports on the translation and cultural adaptation of the Cancer Health Literacy Test to measure cancer literacy in Portuguese cancer patients. A multidisciplinary team of experts ensured the translation and cultural adaptation of the CHLT-30. A pre-test was conducted in two stages to evaluate the Portuguese version (CHLT-30 PT) in a sample of cancer patients (n = 71). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Reliability (test–retest and internal consistency) and construct validity of CHLT-30 PT were assessed. The results obtained show a good internal consistency of the tool, respectively (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86 in the test and 0.80 in the retest). Patients’ raw score mean in both test (23.96) and retest (25.97) and the distribution of scores categories are not statistically different. A suggestive association between higher education level and better total score was found compared to the results reported in CHLT-30-DKspa. The results obtained in the pre-test are favorable, and the instrument is now suitable for the next steps of the validation process. A Portuguese version of this tool will allow outlining patients’ cancer literacy along the cancer care continuum, enabling the identification and implementation of adequate socio-educational strategies with highly positive impacts on health outcomes.
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Aliabadian, Mansour, Mohammad Kaboli, Marc I. Förschler, Vincent Nijman, Atefeh Chamani, Annie Tillier, Roger Prodon, Eric Pasquet, Per G. P. Ericson, and Dario Zuccon. "Convergent evolution of morphological and ecological traits in the open-habitat chat complex (Aves, Muscicapidae: Saxicolinae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65, no. 1 (October 2012): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.011.
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Römer, René, Gerald Stephan, Carsten Habeck, Christian Hoberg, Gerhard Peters, Christian Näther, and Felix Tuczek. "Stereoselective Synthesis of the First Chatt‐Type Bis(dinitrogen)‐Molybdenum(0) Complex with a Tetraphosphane Ligand." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2008, no. 21 (July 2008): 3258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200800417.
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BERSE, Brygida, Ignacio LOPEZ-COVIELLA, and J. Krzysztof BLUSZTAJN. "Activation of TrkA by nerve growth factor upregulates expression of the cholinergic gene locus but attenuates the response to ciliary neurotrophic growth factor." Biochemical Journal 342, no. 2 (August 24, 1999): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3420301.
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Nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulates the expression of the cholinergic gene locus, which encodes choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), the proteins necessary for the synthesis and storage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). To determine whether this action of NGF is mediated by the p140TrkA NGF receptor (a member of the Trk tyrosine kinase family) we used a murine basal forebrain cholinergic cell line, SN56, stably transfected with rat trkA cDNA. Treatment of these transfectants with NGF activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and increased cytosolic free calcium concentrations, confirming the reconstitution of TrkA-mediated signalling pathways. The expression of ChAT and VAChT mRNA, as well as ACh content, were coordinately up-regulated by NGF in SN56-trkA transfectants. None of these responses occurred in the parental SN56 cells, which do not express endogenous TrkA, indicating that these actions of NGF required TrkA. We previously reported that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) upregulates the expression of ChAT and VAChT, as well as ACh production, in SN56 cells. The combined treatment of SN56-trkA cells with CNTF and NGF revealed a complex interaction of these factors in the regulation of cholinergic gene locus expression. At low concentrations of CNTF (< 1 ng/ml), the upregulation of ACh synthesis evoked by these factors was additive. However, at higher concentrations of CNTF (> 1 ng/ml), NGF attenuated the stimulatory effect of CNTF on ChAT and VAChT mRNA and ACh content. This attenuation was not due to interference with early steps of CNTF receptor signalling, as pre-treatment of SN56-trkA cells with NGF did not affect the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor, Stat3, evoked by CNTF.
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Dowling, Mitchell J., and Debra J. Rickwood. "Experiences of Counsellors Providing Online Chat Counselling to Young People." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 24, no. 2 (January 20, 2014): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2013.28.
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Online counselling is a rapidly growing field and, while there is emerging evidence of its comparative effectiveness, there has been little research into what techniques are being applied in practice and which clients will most likely benefit from this medium. Using a focus group methodology, this study examines the experiences of 19 online clinicians employed by a youth mental health service, investigating their perception of online clients, views on their counsellor roles, the approaches and techniques they employ, and the unique aspects of counselling in an online environment. Overall, online clinicians perceived their clients as presenting with highly complex problems and a high level of psychological distress. They noted online clients would most often use the service once or twice, and that some would use online chat as an adjunct to face-to-face counselling. The online clinicians described various roles, including: assessments, gatekeeping, providing emotional support, and therapeutic interventions. According to the online clinicians, they used a variety of techniques online, but favoured person-centred techniques, as these helped keep the clients engaged with the service. Areas of further research and implications for practice are discussed.
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Mahajerin, Arash, Julie Jaffray, Amy Stillings, Emily Krava, Jemily Malvar, Lingyun Ji, Richard Sposto, et al. "The Children's Hospital-Acquired Thrombosis (CHAT) Consortium Admission Risk-Assessment Models from Traditional Biostatistics and Machine Learning." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-126128.
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Introduction Incidence of pediatric hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) is increasing raising concern for acute and chronic sequelae and impact on the health care system. This has prompted many pediatric centers to implement prophylaxis programs despite the lack of a validated risk-assessment model (RAM) or evidence of a favorable risk/benefit ratio for pharmacologic prophylaxis. The multi-center Children's Hospital-Acquired Thrombosis (CHAT) Consortium was created in 2014 to derive RAMs with subsequent prospective validation (i.e. CHAT 1901, the second study from the CHAT Consortium). We present the CHAT RAMs using traditional biostatistical (CHAT-TB) and machine learning (CHAT-ML) methods. Methods The first project of the CHAT Consortium was an eight-center, retrospective, case-control study of subjects aged 0-21 years diagnosed with a radiographic-confirmed, symptomatic HA-VTE and frequency-matched controls (by year and hospital) from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2016. Controls were randomly sampled from the complete list of children without HA-VTE hospitalized and the sampling proportion of controls with hospital stay < 48 hours was 20%. CHAT-TB: Weighted logistic regression examined univariate effects of variables known at baseline (prior to and on day of admission) on incidence of symptomatic HA-VTE. Key predictors with sufficient frequency and significance in univariate analyses progressed as candidates in the multivariable RAM developed via the Lasso method. Clinically important interaction effects were tested separately and considered a candidate predictor when the p-value of the interaction term was < 0.10. Five approximately equal-sized samples were used for internal validation. The RAM was built independently in each sub-sample and the model fit was tested in the n - sub-sample cohort. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess performance in both a model re-substitution and average of the 5-sample internal validation subsets. CHAT-ML: We developed and evaluated four machine learning (ML) models (adaptive boosting, random forest, gradient boosting, and logistic regression), and the most accurate RAM was selected by comparing the relationship of model specificity and sensitivity in ROC curves. ML modelling consists of: pre-processing and feature extraction, data profiling and exploration, model selection, training, and testing, model re-calibration in partnership with subject-matter experts. With more than 250 variables for each patient, lasso regression was utilized to reduce the number of features to have only those with non-zero weight in the regression. We then divided the dataset into training (n=1250) and test (n=540) groups and report the F1 score, i.e. the harmonic mean of precision (i.e. positive predictive value) and recall (i.e. sensitivity) which is used to measure accuracy of a ML classifier. Results Demographics are summarized in Table 1. CHAT-TB: Significant predictors from the weighted logistic regression model are shown in Table 2 and ROC curves from the model re-substitution and 5-sample internal validation demonstrate precision with AUC of 79.9% (CI: 77.7-82.1%) and 77.9% (75.6-80.2%), respectively. CHAT-ML: Significant clinical variables included: change in mobility as assessed by BradenQ scoring, CVC, congenital heart disease, presence of a complex chronic condition (Feudtner 2014), contraindication to VTE prophylaxis (Table 3), ICU admission, infection, and change in platelet count. Figure 1 shows that gradient boosting outperformed other models via area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.95) and F1-score (0.89). Adaptive boosting also performed well with AUC=0.93 and F1-score (0.87). Discussion We present two novel RAMs from the CHAT Consortium. The CHAT RAM-TB and RAM-ML demonstrate sufficient performance for prospective validation and RAM-ML shows a stronger AUC. CHAT 1901 is designed to validate the RAMs, assess performance individually and comparatively, and develop risk-assessment calculators for clinical use and/or integration into the electronic health record (specific to the CHAT-ML, a visual analytics application will provide an interface for clinicians to enter information on significant predictors and receive a calculated risk score). Disclosures Mahajerin: Spark: Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Kedrion: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Alexion: Speakers Bureau. Jaffray:CSL Behring: Research Funding. Croteau:Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Honoraria; Shire: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Spark Therapeutics: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Octapharma: Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria; Octapharma: Honoraria. Silvey:Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Goldenberg:NIH: Other: research support and salary support. Young:Kedrion: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Honoraria; Spark: Consultancy, Honoraria; Shire/Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Uniqure: Consultancy, Honoraria; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Honoraria; Freeline: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech/Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Bioverativ/Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Grifols: Consultancy, Honoraria.
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Langemeyer, Ines, and Wolf-Michael Roth. "Is Cultural-Historical Activity Theory Threatened to Fall Short of its Own Principles and Possibilities as a Dialectical Social Science?" Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 8, no. 2 (September 16, 2006): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v8i2.2090.
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In recent years, many researchers engaged in diverse areas and approaches of “cultural-historical activity theory” (CHAT) realized an increasing international interest in Lev S. Vygotsky’s, A. N. Leont’ev’s, and A. Luria’s work and its continuations. Not so long ago, Yrjö Engeström noted that the activity approach was still “the best-held secret of academia” (p. 64) and highlighted the “impressive dimension of theorizing behind” it. Certainly, this remark reflects a time when CHAT was off the beaten tracks. But if this situation begins to change today, in which direction will CHAT be heading? Will it continue to be one of those projects “unique for its practical, political, and civic engagement” committed “to ideals of social justice, equality, and social change” as it was in the beginning (Stetsenko & Arievitch, 2004, p. 58)? Although a positive future of CHAT seems to lie ahead, we consider in this article some of the problematics that may challenge all those who want to pass the “impressive dimensions of theorizing” from “insider” circles to a larger audience and from one generation to another as well as encourage newcomers to become part of this tradition through critical engagement in its theory and practice. A key to these engagements, we suggest, is not only the comprehensive empirical and philosophical basis, but also the role of dialectics as both topic and method. Therefore, the challenge for newcomers (as well as for “old-timers”) to take on the tradition of CHAT is not a small one indeed. We assume that a major reason for the increasing interest in CHAT lies in its potential to provide a non-reductionist approach to human development, which is due to its affinity to dialectics; however, the close interrelation to a tradition that reaches back to the theories of Georg W.F. Hegel and Karl Marx, among others, is not the easiest to master.In consideration of these difficulties, the purpose of this article is to investigate how contemporary approaches within CHAT can continue to provide a dialectical framework to preserve and renew the critical intention of this tradition, and how we run the risk of losing this sting. Thereby, we sensitize researchers to the problem of developing a cultural-historical approach within a historical situation that confronts us with new, unanswered questions. In this light, we also problematize the use of scientific language, for it may lead us to speak and argue un-dialectically when in fact we intend or ought to think dialectically.This article seeks to convey insights and arguments of how we can relate our theoretical approaches to a tradition of dialectical thinking and in what ways this is paramount for a critical engagement in theory and practice. In the first part, we therefore discuss not only some major theorems in Hegel’s and Marx’s work but also, and above all, Vygotsky’s way of developing the cultural-historical approach of psychology. Second, we argue that the contemporary, widely known version of CHAT, related to Yrjö Engeström’s theoretical and empirical work, neglects different aspects of dialectical thinking and consequently narrows its potential to a socio-critical approach to societal practice and human development. A crucial question of this scrutiny will be the notion of contradictions and how development is supposed to be achieved. In general, our intention is not only to clarify the role of dialectics as a method for activity theory but also to problematize the role of the subjects of research in CHAT and to confront ourselves with the problems of practicing and developing a critical science in face of a complex and challenging societal world.
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Kenning, Marie-Madeleine. "Differences that make the difference: a study of functionalities in synchronous CMC." ReCALL 22, no. 1 (January 2010): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344009990164.
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AbstractThis paper has a dual aim: to situate functionalities among the complex of factors that help shape online interactions and to explore the heterogeneity of audio conferencing and its implications. Following a critical discursive synthesis of the treatment of variables in the literature, attention focuses on the distinctive and diverse characteristics of synchronous audio environments. The existence of a synchronous-asynchronous dichotomy is questioned and the effects of a number of differences are highlighted. As a further illustration, the paper next undertakes a comparison ofLyceumandWimba Voice Direct. The main features of the two environments are introduced and a detailed analysis of their text and voice chat facilities is carried out. In the last section the benefits of text-based CMC are revisited through the lens of voice chat technology. It is concluded that the benefits of CMC appear to have been overstated and that no general claims can be made about voice CMC, but that collectively, well documented studies could provide a useful source of information on the level of contingency of particular findings.
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Halushchak, S. I. "Isomorphisms of some algebras of analytic functions of bounded type on Banach spaces." Matematychni Studii 56, no. 1 (October 23, 2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ms.56.1.106-112.
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The theory of analytic functions is an important section of nonlinear functional analysis.In many modern investigations topological algebras of analytic functions and spectra of suchalgebras are studied. In this work we investigate the properties of the topological algebras of entire functions,generated by countable sets of homogeneous polynomials on complex Banach spaces.
Let $X$ and $Y$ be complex Banach spaces. Let $\mathbb{A}= \{A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_n, \ldots\}$ and $\mathbb{P}=\{P_1, P_2,$ \ldots, $P_n, \ldots \}$ be sequences of continuous algebraically independent homogeneous polynomials on spaces $X$ and $Y$, respectively, such that $\|A_n\|_1=\|P_n\|_1=1$ and $\deg A_n=\deg P_n=n,$ $n\in \mathbb{N}.$ We consider the subalgebras $H_{b\mathbb{A}}(X)$ and $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(Y)$ of the Fr\'{e}chet algebras $H_b(X)$ and $H_b(Y)$ of entire functions of bounded type, generated by the sets $\mathbb{A}$ and $\mathbb{P}$, respectively. It is easy to see that $H_{b\mathbb{A}}(X)$ and $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(Y)$ are the Fr\'{e}chet algebras as well.
In this paper we investigate conditions of isomorphism of the topological algebras $H_{b\mathbb{A}}(X)$ and $H_{b\mathbb{P}}(Y).$ We also present some applications for algebras of symmetric analytic functions of bounded type. In particular, we consider the subalgebra $H_{bs}(L_{\infty})$ of entire functions of bounded type on $L_{\infty}[0,1]$ which are symmetric, i.e. invariant with respect to measurable bijections of $[0,1]$ that preserve the measure. We prove that$H_{bs}(L_{\infty})$ is isomorphic to the algebra of all entire functions of bounded type, generated by countable set of homogeneous polynomials on complex Banach space $\ell_{\infty}.$
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Tsao, Chang Y., Gail D. Wenger, and Dennis W. Bartholomew. "Cri du chat syndrome and complex karyotype in a patient with infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, nonketotic hyperglycinemia, and heterotopia." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 134A, no. 2 (2005): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30592.
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Jarvis, Danielle N., and Kornelia Kulig. "Achieving the Split Position in a Saut de Chat Leap." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2020.2011.
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OBJECTIVES: Dancers frequently perform complex jumping skills that involve achieving specific body positions while in the air. An examination of how skilled dancers achieve these aesthetic demands can provide information useful for dance training. The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal coordination of the hip and knee joints during the flight phase of a saut de chat leap, where dancers aim to achieve a split position in the air when the center of mass (COM) reaches peak height. METHODS: Thirty healthy, experienced dancers with 22.5±4.5 years of dance training performed 5 saut de chat leaps. The timing of peak hip and knee joint angles and velocities for the takeoff and leading legs were extracted and compared to the time when COM reached peak height in the leap using a repeated measures ANOVA, with post-hoc comparisons made using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Dancers demonstrated significant differences in timing associated with achieving the split position (main effect p<0.001), with only peak leading leg hip flexion occurring at a similar time to the COM reaching peak height (paired t-test p=0.074). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide insight into coordination patterns used by trained dancers. Trained dancers demonstrate patterns in timing that may be important for successful performance. The hip and knee coordination patterns during flight demonstrate how dancers work to achieve the desired aesthetics of a saut de chat leap. However, it appears that dancers do not reach the full split position at the height of the leap, as would be aesthetically desirable.
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Hackel, Monika, and Michael Klebl. "The Double Path of Expansive Learning in Complex Socio-Technical Change Processes." Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 15, no. 1 (January 11, 2014): 04–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v15i1.15829.
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The purpose of this article is to describe how expansive learning in organisations can become a resource for learning in a wider community of practice (CoP). The “developmental work research” approach (DWR) based on cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) is beneficial for analysing and interpreting the requirements in a field of action. Engeström’s specific form of “action research” focuses on expansive learning in activity systems. However, complex socio-technical change processes cannot be initiated and managed by the local community of practise alone. In order to establish the use of new tools, new methodologies or organisational solutions in a field of work, a double path of expansive learning is needed: Findings from the participative analysis and interpretation of contradictions in the local activity system have to be transferred to wider communities of practice. This paper illustrates a double path of expansive learning by presenting the experiences of research and development in machine and plant engineering companies in Germany. In the AQUIMO project, a project team has developed an adaptable software tool for multidisciplinary mechatronical engineering and created a related qualification program. The support from external social researchers has helped to initiate, disseminate and establish new ways to organise the division of labour in teams of engineers.
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Boyd, PDW, RL Martin, and G. Schwarzenbach. "Spin Spin Interactions in Polynuclear Nickel(II) Complexes: A Low-Temperature Susceptibility and Magnetization Study of the Cubane Tetranuclear Complex Ni4II(chta)4(μ-OH)4(NO3)4.7H2O." Australian Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 9 (1988): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9881449.
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The bulk magnetic susceptibility of the complex Ni4(chta)4(μ-OH)4(NO3)4.7H2O ( chta = cyclohexane-r-1,c-3,c-5-triamine) has been measured over the temperature range from 1.9 to 300 K at a field of 1 T. The observed data were fitted by a Heisenberg exchange model for the susceptibility of a cubane [Ni4II(μ-OH)4]4+ cluster with a single exchange interaction J between each pair of NiII ions for a single ion g value 2.20 and an antiferromagnetic spin-spin coupling parameter 2J = -1.14 cm-1. The bulk magnetization measured at fields of 1 to 5 T in the temperature range from 5 to 1.9 K differed from that calculated from the simple Heisenberg model above. Several possibilities were examined for this deviation including intercluster interactions, single ion zero-field splitting and differing exchange coupling constants between nickel(II) ions in the cluster. This last model was successful in describing the complete set of magnetic data. A comparison with other known oxygen-bridged nickel(II) cubane clusters shows a change from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling as the Ni-O-Ni bond angle decreases. It appears that the cubane cluster studied here is in a region very close to the crossover from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling between the nickel ions.
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Hean, Sarah, Elisabeth Willumsen, and Atle Ødegård. "Making sense of interactions between mental health and criminal justice services: the utility of cultural historical activity systems theory." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose Effective collaboration between mental health services (MHS) and criminal justice services (CJS) impacts on mental illness and reduces reoffending rates. This paper proposes the change laboratory model (CLM) of workplace transformation as a potential tool to support interagency collaborative practice that has potential to complement current integration tools used in this context. The purpose of this paper is to focus specifically on the theoretical dimension of the model: the cultural historical activity systems theory (CHAT) as a theoretical perspective that offers a framework with which interactions between the MHS and CJS can be better understood. Design/methodology/approach The structure and rationale behind future piloting of the change laboratory in this context is made. Then CHAT theory is briefly introduced and then its utility illustrated in the presentation of the findings of a qualitative study of leaders from MHS and CJS that explored their perspectives of the characteristics of collaborative working between MHS and prison/probation services in a Norwegian context and using CHAT as an analytical framework. Findings Leaders suggested that interactions between the two services, within the Norwegian system at least, are most salient when professionals engage in the reintegration and rehabilitation of the offender. Achieving effective communication within the boundary space between the two systems is a focus for professionals engaging in interagency working and this is mediated by a range of integration tools such as coordination plans and interagency meetings. Formalised interagency agreements and informal, unspoken norms of interaction governed this activity. Key challenges limiting the collaboration between the two systems included resource limitations, logistical issues and differences in professional judgments on referral and confidentiality. Originality/value Current tools with which MHS/CJS interactions are understood and managed, fail to make explicit the dimensions and nature of these complex interactions. The CLM, and CHAT as its theoretical underpinning, has been highly successful internationally and in other clinical contexts, as a means of exploring and developing interagency working. It is a new idea in prison development, none as yet being applied to the challenges facing the MHS and CJS. This paper addresses this by illustrating the use of CHAT as an analytical framework with which to articulate MHS/CJS collaborations and the potential of the CLM more widely to address current challenges in a context specific, bottom-up and fluid approach to interagency working in this environment.
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BLIN, FRANÇOISE. "CALL and the development of learner autonomy: Towards an activity-theoretical perspective." ReCALL 16, no. 2 (November 2004): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344004000928.
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While the concepts and principles associated with learner autonomy underpin a broad range of CALL applications and research projects, current debates and research paradigms in CALL do not provide adequate tools and models to investigate in depth the relationship between CALL and the development of learner autonomy. This paper explores the potential of cultural-historical activity theory to study this relationship. Starting from the complex and multidimensional nature of learner autonomy, it highlights some of the weaknesses in the CALL literature addressing some aspects of this relationship. Following a presentation of the main tenets of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT), including the notion of contradiction which is at the core of CHAT, it then seeks to demonstrate how activity theory can assist us in rethinking our understanding of learner autonomy in the context of technology-rich language learning environments and in formulating suitable criteria and questions, which can guide judgemental and empirical analyses. The paper concludes by illustrating some of the principles explored through examples drawn from an activity-theoretical judgemental analysis of a French module delivered to first year students in Dublin City University.
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Sethi, Vinaya Kumar, Dinesh Bhatt, and Amit Kumar. "Dawn singing behavior of a tropical bird species, the Pied Bush Chat Saxicola caprata." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.257.
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This paper aims to study the structure and pattern of dawn song in a tropical avian species, the Pied Bush Chat (Saxicola caprata) in Haridwar (290 55’ N, 780 08’ E; Uttarakhand, India) in 2009. Males delivered complex dawn chorus on daily basis during only breeding season (February to July). The dawn song bout was made up of a number of distinct sections called song types. Each song type consisted of a series of similar or dissimilar units referred to as elements. Song type length averaged 1.43±0.23 sec and did not differ significantly among males. Theaverage number and types of elements in a song type were observed 8.15±1.64 and 8.01±1.56, respectively.In more than 80% of observations, song types were delivered with immediate variety and males did not follow any definite sequential pattern of song delivery. Males sang continuously for about 30 min at high rates during dawn. Males performed continuous dawn singing throughout the breeding season and seemed to interact vocally through counter-singing for extended period. Observations suggest that dawn song delivery in Pied Bush Chat plays an important role in maintenance and adjustment of social relationship among neighbouring males.
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Van Swol, Lyn M., Paul Hangsan Ahn, Andrew Prahl, and Zhenxing Gong. "Language Use in Group Discourse and Its Relationship to Group Processes." SAGE Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): 215824402110018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211001852.
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The study examined the relationship between language use and perception of group processes. In an experiment, participants discussed their views about climate change in a group chat. Afterward, participants ( n = 239) filled out their perception of themselves and group processes. Participants who perceived more similarity among group members used less complex language (cognitive processes language) and more assenting language. As participants felt more knowledgeable and credible about the topic, their use of “we” pronouns and word count increased and use of “I” pronouns decreased. Replicating past research, participants with more extreme opinions used more “you” pronouns, and participants who reported engaging in more perspective-taking used more complex language and “we” pronouns. Results are integrated within an input–process–output model of group processes and suggest that language is reflective of individual inputs and perception of group processes.
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Canaz, Gokhan, Huseyin Canaz, and Ibrahim Alatas. "Pituitary adenoma in monozigotic twins with Cri du Chat syndome: a rare case report." Romanian Neurosurgery 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2016-0086.
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Abstract Pituitary adenomas are rare tumours of pediatric population. In etiology, genetic factors are more common than they are in adults. Because of the rarity of the cases, there are only a few large case studies in the literature. Pituitary tumours in children are often related with syndromes like MEN type 1, Carney Complex and Mc Cune Albright, but there is no case in the literature associated with Cri Du Chat syndrome. Statisticlly, it has been reported that, pediatric tumours occur more often in twins, in the pediatric population. Main treatment for prolactinomas is medical intervention with dopamine agonists, as in adults. Surgery is prefered when the tumour is resistant to medical treatment or shows mass effects around sellae. In that situation, as in adults, both transcranial and transsphenoidal approach is possible.
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Vera-Carbonell, Ascensión, Juan Antonio Bafalliu, Encarna Guillén-Navarro, Ariadna Escalona, María J. Ballesta-Martínez, Carme Fuster, Asunción Fernández, and Isabel López-Expósito. "Characterization of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement in a patient with cri-du-chat and trisomy 5p syndromes." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 149A, no. 11 (November 2009): 2513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.33055.
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Stankiewicz, Paweł, Shashikant Kulkarni, Avinash V. Dharmadhikari, Srirangan Sampath, Samarth S. Bhatt, Tamim H. Shaikh, Zhilian Xia, et al. "Recurrent deletions and reciprocal duplications of 10q11.21q11.23 including CHAT and SLC18A3 are likely mediated by complex low-copy repeats." Human Mutation 33, no. 1 (November 2, 2011): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/humu.21614.
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