Relevant bibliographies by topics / COMPLEX BACKGROUND

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'COMPLEX BACKGROUND'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "COMPLEX BACKGROUND"

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Salman, Ahmad, Salman Maqbool, Abdul Hannan Khan, Ahsan Jalal, and Faisal Shafait. "Real-time fish detection in complex backgrounds using probabilistic background modelling." Ecological Informatics 51 (May 2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.02.011.

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Xiang, Ying Zhuo, Dong Mei Yang, and Ji Kun Yan. "Vehicles Categorization in Complex Background." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.708.

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This paper presents a novel approach to categorize multi-view vehicles in complex background using only two dimension characteristic vectors instead of high dimension vectors. Vehicles have large variability of models and the view-point makes the appearance change dramatically. Significant characteristics should be chosen as the evidence to categorize. In this paper, we categorize the vehicles into two categories – cars and lorries. Line detection method is used and calculating the average line length and the number of parallel lines as the two characteristics. A linear classifier is trained using 30 different view cars and lorries as the training set and an 10 additional different cars and lorries as the testing set.
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Liu, Chao, Fei Peng Da, and Chen Xing Wang. "Text Extraction from Complex Background Images." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 975–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.975.

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The rapid development of internet technology leads to an effective way to share ideas with digital information. Extracting text information from digital information especially complex background images has become increasingly important due to the demand of text understanding. In this paper, we propose a k-means clustering based method for text extraction. After locating text regions with the corner detection, an improved k-means algorithm is adopted to extract text from complex background. Experiment results show the high performance of the presented method.
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Pang, Xin. "Saliency Detection Algorithm under Complex Background." Journal of Information and Computational Science 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2015): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12733/jics20105232.

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Song, Xian-Rui, and Yu-Long Qiao. "Moving Target Detection in Complex Background." Research Journal of Information Technology 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjit.2012.195.203.

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Peng, Gao, and Li Liang. "Complex Background Palm Segmentation using SVM." International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2015): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.5.33.

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Gao, Peng, and Liang Li. "Complex Background Palm Segmentation using SVM." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2015): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2015.9.5.33.

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Santoyo-Morales, Juana E., and Rogelio Hasimoto-Beltran. "Video Background Subtraction in Complex Environments." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 12, no. 3 (June 2014): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1665-6423(14)71632-3.

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Peng, Gui Hua, He Chen, and Qiang Wu. "Infrared Small Target Detection under Complex Background." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.615.

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This paper presents an algorithm for detecting the small infrared target under complex background. An method, Local Mutation Weighted Information Entropy (LMWIE), is proposed to suppress background. Then, enhance targets’ gray value by calculating the local energy. For the problem that the gray value of noises is enhanced with the gray value improvement of targets, image segmentation bases on the adaptive threshold. Experiment results indicate that it is a robust and effective small target detection algorithm.
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CHEN, Xi, Bin HE, Yong-ji LONG, Xiang-yu SONG, and Guo-ling BI. "Adaptive ship target detection in complex background." Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays 37, no. 3 (2022): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37188/cjlcd.2021-0219.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "COMPLEX BACKGROUND"

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Albalooshi, Fatema A. "Self-organizing Approach to Learn a Level-set Function for Object Segmentation in Complex Background Environments." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1429545327.

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Mohapatra, Deepankar. "Automatic Removal of Complex Shadows From Indoor Videos." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804942/.

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Shadows in indoor scenarios are usually characterized with multiple light sources that produce complex shadow patterns of a single object. Without removing shadow, the foreground object tends to be erroneously segmented. The inconsistent hue and intensity of shadows make automatic removal a challenging task. In this thesis, a dynamic thresholding and transfer learning-based method for removing shadows is proposed. The method suppresses light shadows with a dynamically computed threshold and removes dark shadows using an online learning strategy that is built upon a base classifier trained with manually annotated examples and refined with the automatically identified examples in the new videos. Experimental results demonstrate that despite variation of lighting conditions in videos our proposed method is able to adapt to the videos and remove shadows effectively. The sensitivity of shadow detection changes slightly with different confidence levels used in example selection for classifier retraining and high confidence level usually yields better performance with less retraining iterations.
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Isús, Díaz Laura 1989. "Creating ad hoc functional ontologies for complex diseases and understanding drug response with cellular networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565810.

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Since the advent of the genomic era, vast amounts of data from heterogeneous biomedical sources have been generated, revealing an overwhelming complexity and creating a need for new computational tools. The etiology for human diseases is complex, involving the malfunction of multiple genes in the intricate molecular networks that form the cell machinery. In the same direction, lower levels of complexity, our cells, are also complex and the outcome of an external perturbation cannot be directly predicted from the genotype. In this thesis, we address biological complexity at different levels of organization. First, we study complex diseases from the manual generation of ad hoc functional ontologies. Then, we decipher cell response to external perturbations revealing the role that the genetic background plays on the final outcome. Unraveling biological complexity requires the integration of heterogeneous biological data, at different levels of organization and the combination of multiple computational strategies.
Des de l'origen de l'era genòmica, s'han generat grans quantitats de dades biomèdiques, revelant una enorme complexitat i creant la necessitat de nous mètodes computacionals. L'etiologia de les malalties humanes és complexa, implicant el mal funcionament de múltiples gens i de la intricada xarxa molecular que conforma la maquinària cel·lular. De la mateixa manera, nivells més simples de complexitat, les nostres cèl·lules, són tanmateix complexes i la resposta a una pertorbació externa és difícil de predir a partir del seu genotip. En aquesta tesi, abordem la complexitat biològica a diferents nivells d'organització. Primer, estudiem les malalties complexes des de la generació ad hoc d'ontologies funcionals. Després, analitzem la resposta cel·lular a pertorbacions externes, revelant el paper que juga el rerefons genètic en el fenotip final. Desentranyar la complexitat biològica requereix la integració de dades biològiques heterogènies, a diferents nivells d'organització i la combinació de múltiples estratègies computacionals.
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Goshovska, A. V. "Features of the vascular component at the stage of the placental complex formation against a background of inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18715.

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GOMES, PABLO FRIAS DE OLIVEIRA BIONE. "FOREGROUND EXTRACTION IN HD IMAGES ON COMPLEX BACKGROUNDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16308@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A indústria de cinema e TV tem usado amplamente a técnica de Chroma Key, também conhecida por Blue Screen Matting. Esta técnica revolucionou, ao longo do tempo, a indústria do entretenimento, permitindo que cenas impossíveis de serem criadas se tornassem realidade. A evolução dessa técnica permitiu que produções complexas passassem a ter melhor controle e custos mais baixos. Porém, essa técnica conta com uma série de etapas de preparação, que demandam recursos financeiros elevados e planejamento preciso. Ademais, erros de continuidade costumam criar sérios problemas na pós-produção. Atualmente, a indústria de entretenimento está procurando outras técnicas de matting que funcionem com fundos variados. O uso destas técnicas ainda está restrita a trabalhos acadêmicos e a softwares de manipulação de imagens estáticas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos fazer uma análise dos processos atuais de chroma key e partir para a proposta de uma técnica de matting com fundos variados em imagens de alta definição (HD – High Definition). Dois métodos para o cálculo de valores de alpha são apresentados: um método global baseado em clusters e um método local baseado em potencial elétrico.
The film and broadcast industry have been massively using the Chroma Key technique, also known as Blue Screen Matting. This technique deeply transformed the entertainment industry, allowing impossible scenes become reality. The evolution of this technique allowed that complex productions could have better control and lower costs. However, this technique needs a sequence of preparation stages, which require high budgets and precise planning. Furthermore, continuity errors usually cause serious post-production problems. Currently, the entertainment industry is searching for other matting techniques that work on any kind of background. The use of these techniques is still restricted to academic works and softwares of still image manipulation. The present work has the goal of making an analysis of the current chroma key processes and aims to propose a matting technique over any type of background in High Definition images. Two methods of calculating alpha values are presented: a local method based on clusters and a local one based on electric potential.
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Haywood, Nicholas Russell. "Build-up and resetting of auditory stream segregation in quiet and in complex-tone backgrounds." Thesis, Aston University, 2009. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15319/.

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Thirteen experiments investigated the dynamics of stream segregation. Experiments 1-6b used a similar method, where a same-frequency induction sequence (usually 10 repetitions of an identical pure tone) promoted segregation in a subsequent, briefer test sequence (of alternating low- and high-frequency tones). Experiments 1-2 measured streaming using a direct report of perception and a temporal-discrimination task, respectively. Creating a single deviant by altering the final inducer (e.g. in level or replacement with silence) reduced segregation, often substantially. As the prior inducers remained unaltered, it is proposed that the single change actively reset build-up. The extent of resetting varied gradually with the size of a frequency change, once noticeable (experiments 3a-3b). By manipulating the serial position of a change, experiments 4a-4b demonstrated that resetting only occurred when the final inducer was replaced with silence, as build-up is very rapid during a same-frequency induction sequence. Therefore, the observed resetting cannot be explained by fewer inducers being presented. Experiment 5 showed that resetting caused by a single deviant did not increase when prior inducers were made unpredictable in frequency (four-semitone range). Experiments 6a-6b demonstrated that actual and perceived continuity have a similar effect on subsequent streaming judgements promoting either integration or segregation, depending on listening context. Experiment 7 found that same-frequency inducers were considerably more effective at promoting segregation than an alternating-frequency inducer, and that a trend for deviant-tone resetting was only apparent for the same-frequency case.
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Loreti, Bianca Angelica. "Validity of a Nonspeech Dynamic Assessment of Phonological Awareness in Children from Spanish-speaking Backgrounds." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5732.

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Literacy development in Spanish-speaking children is a growing concern in the United States (Invernizzi, 2009). Phonological awareness is a predictor of literacy achievement in most alphabetic languages (Anthony et al., 2011; Davison & Brea-Spahn, 2012; Durgunoğlu, Nagy, & Hancin-Bhatt, 1993; Goikoetxea, 2005). Bilingual children with complex communication needs (CCN) demonstrate increased difficulties in speaking, reading, and writing, making learning two languages a difficult task (Toppelberg, Snow, & Tager-Flusberg, 1999). Literacy attainment in bilingual individuals who have CCN is important to improve their overall language development and communication interaction skills (Harrison-Harris, 2002). A valid and reliable phonological awareness assessment that does not require speech is needed in order to provide appropriate instruction and address desired literacy goals (Barker, Bridges, & Saunders, 2014). The goal of this study is to describe pilot data from the Dynamic Assessment of Phonemic Awareness in Spanish (DAPA-S), a new dynamic phonological awareness assessment that does not require speech responses, with children from Latin American Spanish-speaking backgrounds, in order to determine its construct validity. DAPA-S was administered over the course of one to three sessions to ten participants (six males and four females). Participants also received the Identificación de letras y palabras (Letter-Word Identification; LWID) subscale from the Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey–Revised (WMLS-R; Woodcock, Muñoz- Sandoval, Ruef, & Alvarado, 2005) as an emergent reading skill task and three subtests from the Test of Phonological Sensitivity in Spanish (TOPSS; Brea, Silliman, Bahr, & Bryant, 2003):letter-name and letter-sound, elision, and rapid automatized naming (RAN) as assessments of phonological awareness. To evaluate concurrent validity, Pearson correlations and bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals were calculated between the DAPA-S total score and the measures of phonological awareness from the TOPSS. The DAPA-S demonstrated strong and significant correlations with elision, RAN, and the letter-sound subtests rs = –.67 to .87, ps = .00 to .03. These results indicated that the DAPA-S likely measured the same construct as the other measures of phonological awareness from the TOPSS. To evaluate convergent validity, Pearson correlations and bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals were calculated between LWID of the WMLS-R and the DAPA-S total score. The DAPA-S demonstrated a strong and significant correlation, r = .75, p < .05. The data suggest a high degree of both concurrent and convergent validity, as many of the conventional measures of phonological awareness and emergent reading were significantly correlated with the DAPA-S, including letter-sound, RAN, and LWID. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that the DAPA-S may be a reliable and valid tool for measurement of phonological awareness in Spanish.
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Havlíček, Jakub. "Zázemí sportovního areálu - stavebně technologický projekt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409923.

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This diploma thesis is dealing with a construction and technological project of the backgrounds and changing rooms of the sports centre in Velké Meziříčí. An engineering report of the construction and technological project, a suggested plan of transport routes and a time and financial plan for all the building facilities are included. With a realization study of the main technological phases, a site equipment project and a suggested list of the main construction vehicles and mechanisms is being dealt in another part of the thesis. In addition to these there is a time plan of the main construction object, an itemized budget, a time deployment of machines and workers and a plan for securing all the material resources needed. An engineering report for assembling prewalls from fair-faced concrete plus a design of a systemic formwork follow. More detailed engineering report of a Spiroll ceiling panels’ assembly is part of the inspection and test plan. Last but not least, an OSH plan for installation works with a mobile crane and a noise study can also be found in this thesis.
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Reichardt, Christian L. Lange Andrew E. Lange Andrew E. "A high resolution measurement of temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation with the complete ACBAR data set /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12202007-130152.

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Oreifej, Omar. "Robust Subspace Estimation Using Low-Rank Optimization. Theory and Applications in Scene Reconstruction, Video Denoising, and Activity Recognition." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5684.

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In this dissertation, we discuss the problem of robust linear subspace estimation using low-rank optimization and propose three formulations of it. We demonstrate how these formulations can be used to solve fundamental computer vision problems, and provide superior performance in terms of accuracy and running time. Consider a set of observations extracted from images (such as pixel gray values, local features, trajectories...etc). If the assumption that these observations are drawn from a liner subspace (or can be linearly approximated) is valid, then the goal is to represent each observation as a linear combination of a compact basis, while maintaining a minimal reconstruction error. One of the earliest, yet most popular, approaches to achieve that is Principal Component Analysis (PCA). However, PCA can only handle Gaussian noise, and thus suffers when the observations are contaminated with gross and sparse outliers. To this end, in this dissertation, we focus on estimating the subspace robustly using low-rank optimization, where the sparse outliers are detected and separated through the `1 norm. The robust estimation has a two-fold advantage: First, the obtained basis better represents the actual subspace because it does not include contributions from the outliers. Second, the detected outliers are often of a specific interest in many applications, as we will show throughout this thesis. We demonstrate four different formulations and applications for low-rank optimization. First, we consider the problem of reconstructing an underwater sequence by removing the turbulence caused by the water waves. The main drawback of most previous attempts to tackle this problem is that they heavily depend on modelling the waves, which in fact is ill-posed since the actual behavior of the waves along with the imaging process are complicated and include several noise components; therefore, their results are not satisfactory. In contrast, we propose a novel approach which outperforms the state-of-the-art. The intuition behind our method is that in a sequence where the water is static, the frames would be linearly correlated. Therefore, in the presence of water waves, we may consider the frames as noisy observations drawn from a the subspace of linearly correlated frames. However, the noise introduced by the water waves is not sparse, and thus cannot directly be detected using low-rank optimization. Therefore, we propose a data-driven two-stage approach, where the first stage “sparsifies” the noise, and the second stage detects it. The first stage leverages the temporal mean of the sequence to overcome the structured turbulence of the waves through an iterative registration algorithm. The result of the first stage is a high quality mean and a better structured sequence; however, the sequence still contains unstructured sparse noise. Thus, we employ a second stage at which we extract the sparse errors from the sequence through rank minimization. Our method converges faster, and drastically outperforms state of the art on all testing sequences. Secondly, we consider a closely related situation where an independently moving object is also present in the turbulent video. More precisely, we consider video sequences acquired in a desert battlefields, where atmospheric turbulence is typically present, in addition to independently moving targets. Typical approaches for turbulence mitigation follow averaging or de-warping techniques. Although these methods can reduce the turbulence, they distort the independently moving objects which can often be of great interest. Therefore, we address the problem of simultaneous turbulence mitigation and moving object detection. We propose a novel three-term low-rank matrix decomposition approach in which we decompose the turbulence sequence into three components: the background, the turbulence, and the object. We simplify this extremely difficult problem into a minimization of nuclear norm, Frobenius norm, and L1 norm. Our method is based on two observations: First, the turbulence causes dense and Gaussian noise, and therefore can be captured by Frobenius norm, while the moving objects are sparse and thus can be captured by L1 norm. Second, since the object's motion is linear and intrinsically different than the Gaussian-like turbulence, a Gaussian-based turbulence model can be employed to enforce an additional constraint on the search space of the minimization. We demonstrate the robustness of our approach on challenging sequences which are significantly distorted with atmospheric turbulence and include extremely tiny moving objects. In addition to robustly detecting the subspace of the frames of a sequence, we consider using trajectories as observations in the low-rank optimization framework. In particular, in videos acquired by moving cameras, we track all the pixels in the video and use that to estimate the camera motion subspace. This is particularly useful in activity recognition, which typically requires standard preprocessing steps such as motion compensation, moving object detection, and object tracking. The errors from the motion compensation step propagate to the object detection stage, resulting in miss-detections, which further complicates the tracking stage, resulting in cluttered and incorrect tracks. In contrast, we propose a novel approach which does not follow the standard steps, and accordingly avoids the aforementioned difficulties. Our approach is based on Lagrangian particle trajectories which are a set of dense trajectories obtained by advecting optical flow over time, thus capturing the ensemble motions of a scene. This is done in frames of unaligned video, and no object detection is required. In order to handle the moving camera, we decompose the trajectories into their camera-induced and object-induced components. Having obtained the relevant object motion trajectories, we compute a compact set of chaotic invariant features, which captures the characteristics of the trajectories. Consequently, a SVM is employed to learn and recognize the human actions using the computed motion features. We performed intensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets, and obtained promising results. Finally, we consider a more challenging problem referred to as complex event recognition, where the activities of interest are complex and unconstrained. This problem typically pose significant challenges because it involves videos of highly variable content, noise, length, frame size ... etc. In this extremely challenging task, high-level features have recently shown a promising direction as in [53, 129], where core low-level events referred to as concepts are annotated and modeled using a portion of the training data, then each event is described using its content of these concepts. However, because of the complex nature of the videos, both the concept models and the corresponding high-level features are significantly noisy. In order to address this problem, we propose a novel low-rank formulation, which combines the precisely annotated videos used to train the concepts, with the rich high-level features. Our approach finds a new representation for each event, which is not only low-rank, but also constrained to adhere to the concept annotation, thus suppressing the noise, and maintaining a consistent occurrence of the concepts in each event. Extensive experiments on large scale real world dataset TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection 2011 and 2012 demonstrate that our approach consistently improves the discriminativity of the high-level features by a significant margin.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computing
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
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Books on the topic "COMPLEX BACKGROUND"

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Antonacopoulos, A. Page segmentation and classification using the description of the background: A flexible and efficient approach for documents with complex and traditional layouts. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Latanowicz, Jerzy. Analysis of the fish landing complex activities and future commercial viability against the background of the fishmarketing system in the Bahamas: A report. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1985.

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Berihanova, Rumisa, and Inessa Minenko. Complex non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1599004.

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The monograph is devoted to the complex non-drug correction of menopausal disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome in the period of menopausal transition. Modern ideas about menopausal and metabolic syndromes are presented, a review of modern approaches to their treatment is carried out. A complex personalized system of non-drug correction of functional disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome and menopausal syndrome of mild and moderate severity in the period of menopausal transition is presented, including preformed therapeutic factors (vibrotherapy, chromotherapy, aeroionotherapy, musicotherapy (melotherapy), aromatherapy), physical therapy with pelvic floor muscle training, drinking balneotherapy, vitamins and minerals against the background of lifestyle modification. The algorithm of dynamic clinical and laboratory examination of women with menopausal disorders of mild and moderate severity and metabolic syndrome in the period of menopausal transition has been developed, including a general clinical examination, assessment of alimentary, thyroid, psycho-emotional, gynecological, urological statuses, the state of the intestinal microbiota, the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary complex, biochemical blood profile, hemostasis, levels of markers of inflammation, assessment of the state of the musculoskeletal system, sexual function, allowing to get an idea of the state of mental and physical health of patients, evaluate the effectiveness of the complex of measures, optimize therapeutic tactics. It is addressed to a wide range of readers interested in women's health. It can be useful for students, postgraduates, teachers of medical universities, obstetricians, gynecologists, endocrinologists, cardiologists, specialists of restorative medicine.
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Latanowicz, Jerzy. Analysis of the fish landing complex activities and future commercial viability against the background of the fish marketing system in the Bahamas: A report prepared for the fisheries development project (Phase II). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1985.

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Nencioni, Francesca, ed. A Giuseppe Dessí. Lettere editoriali e altra corrispondenza. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-156-0.

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This volume completes the valuable work of cataloguing carried out on the correspondence of Giuseppe Dessí conserved in the 'Alessandro Bonsanti' contemporary archive of Florence. The research, launched by Chiara Andrei in 2003 with the edition of the Corrispondenze familiari (Firenze University Press) and continued in 2009 by Francesca Nencioni with the publication of Lettere di amici e lettori (Firenze University Press), has its third result in this work by Francesca Nencioni, who has indexed the unpublished editorial and professional material, providing it with exhaustive references. The letters make it possible to trace a profile of the writer from his youth through to the 70s, illustrating the historic, political and cultural backdrop against which the events and activities of both his first and second profession developed. This casts light not only his complex professional career, but also on Dessí's collaboration with newspapers and journals, his relations with publishers and his contacts with the world of the mass media. Of particular importance is the appendix of unpublished letters, meticulously edited by Monica Graceffa, comprising the correspondence with two seminal journals of the 1930s and 40s «L'Orto» and «Primato». In the background are the figures of Bottai and Vecchietti and the complex coexistence between the intellectuals of the time and the regime.
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Interactive Workshop on Water Conservation (2004 National Institute of Hydrology, India). Interactive Workshop on Water Conservation, April 13-14, 2004, background paper /[organized by National Institute of Hydrology, India ; compiled by V.C. Goyal]. Roorkee: National Institute of Hydrology, 2004.

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Great Britain. Department of Energy. and Atomic Energy Research Establishment. Energy Technology Support Unit. Chief Scientist's Group., eds. Background papers relevant to the 1986 appraisal of UK energy research, development & demonstration: Reports compiled by Chief Scientist's Group, Energy Technology Support Unit, Harwell Laboratory .... London: H.M.S.O, 1987.

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Background to Beakers. Inquiries into the Regional Cultural Background to the Bell Beaker Complex. Sidestone Press, 2012.

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Langat, Kiprono, Jane Wilkinson, Loshini Naidoo, and Misty Adoniou. Refugee Background Students Transitioning into Higher Education: Navigating Complex Spaces. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2018.

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Naidoo, Loshini. Refugee Background Students Transitioning Into Higher Education: Navigating Complex Spaces. Springer, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "COMPLEX BACKGROUND"

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Mahzoon, Alireza, Daniel Große, and Rolf Drechsler. "Background." In Formal Verification of Structurally Complex Multipliers, 9–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24571-8_2.

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Banisch, Sven. "Background and Concepts." In Understanding Complex Systems, 11–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24877-6_2.

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Smyth, W. Franklin. "Historical Background." In Analytical Chemistry of Complex Matrices, 12–17. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-87182-4_2.

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Shoikhet, David, and Mark Elin. "Geometric Background." In Linearization Models for Complex Dynamical Systems, 1–15. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0509-0_1.

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Banerjee, Santo, D. Easwaramoorthy, and A. Gowrisankar. "Mathematical Background of Deterministic Fractals." In Understanding Complex Systems, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62672-3_1.

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Mallick, Rajib B. "Pedagogical Background." In System Dynamics for Complex Problems in Pavement Engineering, 3–7. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003345596-2.

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Lyzwa, Fryderyk. "Scientific Background of Complex Oxides." In Phononic and Electronic Excitations in Complex Oxides Studied with Advanced Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques, 5–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11866-1_2.

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Fickler, Robert. "Introduction and Theoretical Background." In Quantum Entanglement of Complex Structures of Photons, 5–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22231-8_2.

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Frazier, Michael W. "Background: Complex Numbers and Linear Algebra." In An Introduction to Wavelets Through Linear Algebra, 7–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85570-2_2.

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Aithal, Chandana N., P. Ishwarya, S. Sneha, C. N. Yashvardhan, Dayanand Kumar, and K. V. Suresh. "Hand Gesture Recognition in Complex Background." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 243–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22405-8_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "COMPLEX BACKGROUND"

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Stein, K., and Berndt Bartos. "Visualizing simulated temperatures of a complex object calculated with FTOM using open source software (BLENDER)." In Target and Background Signatures, edited by Karin U. Stein and Ric Schleijpen. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2325380.

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Calderara, Simone, Rudy Melli, Andrea Prati, and Rita Cucchiara. "Reliable background suppression for complex scenes." In the 4th ACM international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1178782.1178814.

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Wang, Xiaohua, Xi Zhang, and Jingliang Yao. "Skin color detection under complex background." In 2011 International Conference on Mechatronic Science, Electric Engineering and Computer (MEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mec.2011.6025878.

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Zhu, Huijun, Yufei Liu Nanjing, and Yong Liu. "Automatic Hair Segmentation in Complex Background." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio49542.2019.8961465.

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Khalifa, A., K. Sundaraj, Z. Ibrahim, and V. Retnasamy. "Complex background subtraction for biometric identification." In 2007 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icias.2007.4658477.

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Abergel, Alain, and Francois Boulanger. "100 μm fluctuations of a high galactic latitude complex." In The COBE workshop: Unveiling the cosmic infrared background. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.49239.

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Liu, Xiaoqian, Weiqiang Wang, and Tingshao Zhu. "Extracting Captions in Complex Background from Videos." In 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2010.790.

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Zhang, Chong-yang, and Jing-yu Yang. "Binarization of Document Images with Complex Background." In 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2010.5601007.

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"Ship Detection Method in Complex Sea Background." In 2020 the 10th International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. WCSE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/wcse.2020.06.033.

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Fang, Luping, and Chao Xie. "1-D Barcode Localization in Complex Background." In 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cise.2010.5677072.

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Reports on the topic "COMPLEX BACKGROUND"

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Igor D. Kaganovich, Edward A. Startsev, and Ronald C. Davidson. Analytical and Numerical Studies of the Complex Interaction of a Fast Ion Beam Pulse with a Background Plasma. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820212.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.
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Bilousova, Liudmyla I., Liudmyla E. Gryzun, Daria H. Sherstiuk, and Ekaterina O. Shmeltser. Cloud-based complex of computer transdisciplinary models in the context of holistic educational approach. [б. в.], September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3259.

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The paper represents the authors’ cloud-based complex of computer dynamic models and their transdisciplinary facilities. Proper theoretical background for the complex design is elaborated and the process of the computer models development is covered. The models in the complex are grouped in the sections according to the curriculum subjects (Physics, Algebra, Geometry, Biology, Geography, and Informatics). Each of the sections includes proper models along with their description and transdisciplinary didactic support. The paper also presents recommendations as for using of the complex to provide holistic learning of Mathematics, Science and Informatics at secondary school. The prospects of further research are outlined.
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Lamont, Susan J., E. Dan Heller, and Avigdor Cahaner. Prediction of Immunocompetence and Resistance to Disease by Using Molecular Markers of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568780.bard.

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This project utilized two live-animal populations in an integrated research program to identify molecular markers for immune response and disease resistance. The populations each had their foundation from meat-type commercial breeder chicken lines of their respective countries. Investigations effectively used unique availability of resources in each country to study commercial-type environments in Israel and line-crosses with diverse inbred lines in the US. Two bacterial systems were investigated to cover both respiratory and gastrointestinal, and primary and secondary, infections. Individual experimental groups of animals were evaluated for combinations of vaccine antibody levels, response to pathogen challenge, growth parameters, genetic background and molecular markers. The positive association of antibody level with resistance to disease was confirmed. Effectiveness of genetic selection for vaccine antibody response level was demonstrated. Molecular markers, both inside and outside the MHC region, were associated with antibody response and resistance to disease. Markers were shown to have a generalized effect, by association with multiple traits of immune response and disease resistance. The impact of genetic background on marker effect was shown to be important. The overall results demonstrate the effectiveness of selection on vaccine antibody response and the potential of molecular marker-assisted selection to improve efficiency of production of meat-type chickens by reducing genetic susceptibility to disease.
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Molly K. Leecaster, L. Don Koeppen, and Gail L. Olson. Determination of Background Uranium Concentration in the Snake River Plain Aquifer under the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's Radioactive Waste Management Complex. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910725.

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Bednar, Amy. Topological data analysis : an overview. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40943.

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A growing area of mathematics topological data analysis (TDA) uses fundamental concepts of topology to analyze complex, high-dimensional data. A topological network represents the data, and the TDA uses the network to analyze the shape of the data and identify features in the network that correspond to patterns in the data. These patterns extract knowledge from the data. TDA provides a framework to advance machine learning’s ability to understand and analyze large, complex data. This paper provides background information about TDA, TDA applications for large data sets, and details related to the investigation and implementation of existing tools and environments.
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Goldstein, Neal. Epidemiology Blog of Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Neal D. Goldstein, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/goldsteinepi.

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Musings on topics related to epidemiology, epidemiological methods, public and clinical health. Written by Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Dr. Goldstein is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health. With a background in biomedical informatics, he focuses on computational approaches in complex data settings, especially electronic health records and disease surveillance, to understand infectious disease transmission. This has been demonstrated through his work with blood borne pathogens (HIV and hepatitis C), COVID-19, vaccine preventable diseases, and healthcare associated infections.
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Corriveau, Elizabeth, Travis Thornell, Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu, Dane Wedgeworth, Hayden Hanna, Robert Jones, Alison Thurston, and Robyn Barbato. Characterization of pigmented microbial isolates for use in material applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46633.

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Organisms (i.e., plants and microorganisms) contain pigments that allow them to adapt and thrive under stressful conditions, such as elevated ultraviolet radiation. The pigments elicit characteristic spectral responses when measured by active and passive sensors. This research study focused on characterizing the spectral response of three organisms and how they compared to background spectral signatures of a complex environment. Specifically, spectra were collected from a fungus, a plant, and two pigmented bacteria, one of which is an extremophile bacterium. The samples were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dis-criminated using chemometric means. A top-down examination of the spectral data revealed that organisms could be discriminated from one an-other through principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, there was a strong distinction between the plant and the pigmented microorganisms. Spectral differences resulting in samples with the highest variance from the natural background were identified using PCA loading plots. The outcome of this work is a spectral library of pigmented biological candidates for coatings applications.
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Balaga, Dr Sai Krishna, Dr Amal PS, Dr Jayaram Jayaram, and Dr Naveen Naveen. MANAGEMENT OF INFECTIVE NON UNION OF SHAFT OF LONG BONES WITH LIMB RECONSTRUCTION SYSTEM. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/7305662.

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Background: Complex nonunions are difcult to manage due to the presence of infection, deformities, shortening, and multiple surgeries in the past. Ilizarov xation has traditionally been used to manage complex nonunions. The disadvantages of Ilizarov include poor patient compliance, frame inconvenience, and difcult frame construction. We studied ten long bone infective nonunions treated with the limb reconstruction system (LRS). Materials and methods : Between September 2020 and December 2022, we treated 10 cases of infective nonunion of long bone with the LRS. Patients were routinely followed up for 12 to 18 months and assessed both clinically and radiologically. Out of 10 cases we were able to achieve Results : : union in all cases. And eradication of infection in 90% of cases with no limb length discrepancy in any case. Bone results are excellent in 80% of cases and good in 20% of cases. Functional results are excellent in 80% of cases and good in 10% of cases, fair in 10% of cases. LRS is an alternati Conclusion : ve to the Ilizarov xation in their management of complex nonunion of long bones. It is less cumbersome to the patient and more surgeon and patient friendly.
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Jay. L51723 Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements Compressor Equipment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010419.

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Increasing legislation and public awareness of noise are intensifying the efforts of industries today to reduce the noise. The natural gas industry has proved that it is one of the industrial leaders in its awareness of noise problems and has maintained a vigorous research program in noise control for over 30 years. A noise survey can be done in several ways: point measurements, grid point methods, contour methods, scanning techniques, etc. The selection of the method depends on the accuracy required, available personnel, expertise etc. For the most accurate determination of sound power, the scanning method using sound intensity measurements is considered to be the best available in present day circumstances. This method is discussed in detail in later chapters. Point and grid point measurements are useful to determine the Sound Pressure Level, but are of limited use in quantifying the Sound Power Level of a noise source in a complex and multi-source environment such as a compressor station. Guidelines for Sound Power Level Measurements for Compressor Station Equipment Report documents the development of guidelines for in-situ sound power level measurements for compressor station equipment, with sample calculations. Measurement of equipment noise levels in a complex, multi-source environment is very difficult and may be accomplished by several methods. These guidelines specify the sound intensity approach that can be used in almost any field situation. The sound power guidelines described in this report specify the sound intensity approach as the primary measurement method since it can be used in almost any field situation to determine the sound power of a source. In open spaces without reflecting surfaces (except the ground plane) sound pressure measurements may give satisfactory estimates of the sound power of noise sources if background noise is low and other sources can be turned off. Inside a compressor building, the modified reverberation room approach may be allowed, but then only the total sound power can be determined unless background sources can be controlled or other sources turned off. Lastly, the standard guidelines developed were used to conduct field measurements of the sound power of four equipment noise sources including: a) turbine casing, b) turbine air inlet, c) cooler and d) exhaust stack.
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