Academic literature on the topic 'Complex acoustic environments'
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Journal articles on the topic "Complex acoustic environments"
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Weisser, Adam, Jörg M. Buchholz, and Gitte Keidser. "Complex Acoustic Environments: Review, Framework, and Subjective Model." Trends in Hearing 23 (January 2019): 233121651988134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331216519881346.
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The concept of complex acoustic environments has appeared in several unrelated research areas within acoustics in different variations. Based on a review of the usage and evolution of this concept in the literature, a relevant framework was developed, which includes nine broad characteristics that are thought to drive the complexity of acoustic scenes. The framework was then used to study the most relevant characteristics for stimuli of realistic, everyday, acoustic scenes: multiple sources, source diversity, reverberation, and the listener’s task. The effect of these characteristics on perceived scene complexity was then evaluated in an exploratory study that reproduced the same stimuli with a three-dimensional loudspeaker array inside an anechoic chamber. Sixty-five subjects listened to the scenes and for each one had to rate 29 attributes, including complexity, both with and without target speech in the scenes. The data were analyzed using three-way principal component analysis with a (2 3 2) Tucker3 model in the dimensions of scales (or ratings), scenes, and subjects, explaining 42% of variation in the data. “Comfort” and “variability” were the dominant scale components, which span the perceived complexity. Interaction effects were observed, including the additional task of attending to target speech that shifted the complexity rating closer to the comfort scale. Also, speech contained in the background scenes introduced a second subject component, which suggests that some subjects are more distracted than others by background speech when listening to target speech. The results are interpreted in light of the proposed framework.
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Kidd, Gerald. "Understanding Speech in Complex Acoustic Environments." Clinical Research Education Library 1, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cred-pvd-c16005.
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Funkhouser, Thomas, Ingrid Carlbom, Gary Elko, Gopal Pingali, Mohan Sondhi, and James West. "Interactive acoustic modeling of complex environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426431.
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Baresch, Diego, and Valeria Garbin. "Acoustic trapping of microbubbles in complex environments and controlled payload release." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 27 (June 22, 2020): 15490–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003569117.
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Contactless manipulation of microparticles using acoustic waves holds promise for applications ranging from cell sorting to three-dimensional (3D) printing and tissue engineering. However, the unique potential of acoustic trapping to be applied in biomedical settings remains largely untapped. In particular, the main advantage of acoustic trapping over optical trapping, namely the ability of sound to propagate through thick and opaque media, has not yet been exploited in full. Here we demonstrate experimentally the use of the recently developed technique of single-beam acoustical tweezers to trap microbubbles, an important class of biomedically relevant microparticles. We show that the region of vanishing pressure of a propagating vortex beam can confine a microbubble by forcing low-amplitude, nonspherical, shape oscillations, enabling its full 3D positioning. Our interpretation is validated by the absolute calibration of the acoustic trapping force and the direct spatial mapping of isolated bubble echos, for which both find excellent agreement with our theoretical model. Furthermore, we prove the stability of the trap through centimeter-thick layers of bio-mimicking, elastic materials. Finally, we demonstrate the simultaneous trapping of nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles and activation with an independent acoustic field to trigger the release of the nanoparticles. Overall, using exclusively acoustic powering to position and actuate microbubbles paves the way toward controlled delivery of drug payloads in confined, hard-to-reach locations, with potential in vivo applications.
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Shamma, Shihab. "Cortical processes for navigating complex acoustic environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877063.
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Fink, Mathias. "Time-reversal acoustics in complex environments." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 4 (July 2006): SI151—SI164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2215356.
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Time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) refocus an incident acoustic field to the position of the original source regardless of the complexity of the propagation medium. TRMs have now been implemented in a variety of physical scenarios from megahertz ultrasonics with aperture sizes of the order of centimeters to ocean acoustics at hundreds to thousands of hertz with aperture sizes of the order of hundreds of meters. Common to this broad range of scales is a remarkable robustness — exemplified by observations at all scales — that the more complex the medium between the probe source and the TRM, the sharper the focus. The relationship between the medium complexity and the size of the focal spot is studied in this paper. This relationship is certainly the most exciting property of TRM compared to standard focusing devices. A TRM acts as an antenna that uses complex environments to appear wider than it is, resulting in a broadband pulse with a refocusing quality that does not depend on the TRM aperture. In this paper, we investigate both the role of the time-reversal window duration and the bandwidth of the time-reversed signals for various media (waveguide, closed cavity, random medium).
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Dufour, Frank. "Acoustic Shadows: An Auditory Exploration of the Sense of Space." SoundEffects - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Sound and Sound Experience 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2011): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/se.v1i1.4074.
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This paper examines the question of auditory detection of the movements of silent objects in noisy environments. The approach to studying and exploring this phenomenon is primarily based on the framework of the ecology of perception defined by James Gibson (Gibson, 1979) in the sense that it focuses on the direct auditory perception of events, or “structured energy that specifies properties of the environment” (Michaels & Carello, 1981 P. 157). The goal of this study is triple: -Theoretical; for various reasons, this kind of acoustic situations has not been extensively studied by traditional acoustics and psychoacoustics, therefore, this project demonstrates and supports the pertinence of the Ecology of Perception for the description and explanation of such complex phenomena. -Practical; like echolocation, perception of acoustic shadows can be improved by practice, this project intends to contribute to the acknowledgment of this way of listening and to help individuals placed in noisy environments without the support of vision acquiring a detailed detection of the movements occurring in these environments. -Artistic; this project explores a new artistic expression based on the creation and exploration of complex multisensory environments. Acoustic Shadows, a multimedia interactive composition is being developed on the premises of the ecological approach to perception. The last dimension of this project is meant to be a contribution to the sonic representation of space in films and in computer generated virtual environments by producing simulations of acoustic shadows.
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Leibold, Lori J. "Speech Perception in Complex Acoustic Environments: Developmental Effects." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 10 (October 17, 2017): 3001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-17-0070.
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Purpose The ability to hear and understand speech in complex acoustic environments follows a prolonged time course of development. The purpose of this article is to provide a general overview of the literature describing age effects in susceptibility to auditory masking in the context of speech recognition, including a summary of findings related to the maturation of processes thought to facilitate segregation of target from competing speech. Method Data from published and ongoing studies are discussed, with a focus on synthesizing results from studies that address age-related changes in the ability to perceive speech in the presence of a small number of competing talkers. Conclusions This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge that is valuable for researchers and clinicians. It highlights the importance of considering listener factors, such as age and hearing status, as well as stimulus factors, such as masker type, when interpreting masked speech recognition data. Presentation Video http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601620
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Kuperman, W. A., Michael B. Porter, and John S. Perkins. "Three‐dimensional oceanographic acoustic modeling of complex environments." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82, S1 (November 1987): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024809.
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Mhatre, N., and R. Balakrishnan. "Predicting acoustic orientation in complex real-world environments." Journal of Experimental Biology 211, no. 17 (September 1, 2008): 2779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.017756.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Complex acoustic environments"
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Choi, Bumsuk. "Acoustic source localization in 3D complex urban environments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27739.
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The detection and localization of important acoustic events in a complex urban environment, such as gunfire and explosions, is critical to providing effective surveillance of military and civilian areas and installations. In a complex environment, obstacles such as terrain or buildings introduce multipath propagations, reflections, and diffractions which make source localization challenging. This dissertation focuses on the problem of source localization in three-dimensional (3D) realistic urban environments. Two different localization techniques are developed to solve this problem: a) Beamforming using a few microphone phased arrays in conjunction with a high fidelity model and b) Fingerprinting using many dispersed microphones in conjunction with a low fidelity model of the environment.
For an effective source localization technique using microphone phased arrays, several candidate beamformers are investigated using 2D and corresponding 3D numerical models. Among them, the most promising beamformers are chosen for further investigation using 3D large models. For realistic validation, localization error of the beamformers is analyzed for different levels of uncorrelated noise in the environment. Multiple-array processing is also considered to improve the overall localization performance. The sensitivity of the beamformers to uncertainties that cannot be easily accounted for (e.g. temperature gradient and unmodeled object) is then investigated. It is observed that evaluation in 3D models is critical to assess correctly the potential of the localization technique. The enhanced minimum variance distortionless response (EMVDR) is identified to be the only beamformer that has super-directivity property (i.e. accurate localization capability) and still robust to uncorrelated noise in the environment. It is
also demonstrated that the detrimental effect of uncertainties in the modeling of the environment can be alleviated by incoherent multiple arrays. For efficient source localization technique using dispersed microphones in the environment, acoustic fingerprinting in conjunction with a diffused-based energy model is developed as an alternative to the beamforming technique. This approach is much simpler requiring only microphones rather than arrays. Moreover, it does not require an accurate modeling of the acoustic environment. The approach is validated using the 3D large models. The relationship between the localization accuracy and the number of dispersed microphones is investigated. The effect of the accuracy of the model is also addressed. The results show a progressive improvement in the source localization capabilities as the number of microphones increases. Moreover, it is shown that the fingerprints do not need to be very accurate for successful localization if enough microphones are dispersed in the environment.Ph. D.
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Dagallier, Adrien. "Modeling acoustic impulse arrivals for shot localization in complex environments." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC034.
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Les systèmes de localisation acoustique existent depuis le début du XXème siècle. Les tirs d’armes à feu émettent des ondes de forte amplitude (de bouche au départ du coup, balistique générée par un projectile supersonique, éventuellement d’impact) qui se propagent à grande distance. Les capteurs acoustiques pour mesurer ces ondes sont passifs, omnidirectionnels, fonctionnels par tout temps et de faible coût. Distribués dans une zone d’intérêt, ils extraient temps d’arrivée (TOAs) ou caractéristiques fréquentielles, qui permettent de remonter à une position de source via des algorithmes de localisation et des modèles de propagation. La méthode Matching de l’équipe se démarque par l’inclusion de la physique de la propagation dans la localisation : vent, température, obstacles... Les mesures à un jeu de capteurs sont comparées à des simulations numériques de propagation depuis des sources virtuelles. Celle donnant le meilleur accord est assimilée à la source du son mesuré. En pratique, les TOAs d’une onde sur un jeu de capteurs distribués et synchrones suffisent. La base de données est simulable à l’avance, tandis que la phase de Matching est quasi - temps réel. La localisation est peu sensible au bruit, à la calibration ou aux erreurs de positionnement de capteurs. La création de la base de données est toutefois numériquement coûteuse, et le traitement de géométries et sources sonores non triviales est un défi. Les questions de l’intégration de l’environnement, de la faisabilité de la localisation de tirs d’artillerie en Matching ainsi que du Matching sur les multiples arrivées d’un même tir, se posent. L’objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir un outil de modélisation qui englobe l’acquisition de données atmosphériques et de terrain, la balistique des tirs et la propagation acoustique, afin de calculer les TOAs associés aux tirs supersoniques de manière physiquement cohérente et réaliste. Le niveau de détail de chaque physique pour la phase de Matching est aligné sur le facteur identifié comme limitant. Pour ce faire, un modèle de propagation acoustique de type Fast-Marching, baptisé IFM, est proposé. IFM conserve la généralité physique des méthodes 3D+temps, mais gagne en temps de calcul en ne calculant que les TOAs. Les géométries urbaines sont traitées par des maillages non structurés, la propagation à grande distance par des maillages curvilignes adaptés au relief. Un modèle balistique, incluant les impacts de balle dans les bâtiments ou le sol et les effets aérodynamiques 3D pour les projectiles de gros calibre, est couplé à IFM la simulation des ondes balistique et d’impact. Enfin, un couplage à des modèles de mécanique des fluides numérique et de prévision numérique du temps méso-échelle est réalisé pour la détermination de données atmosphériques pertinentes, en complément ou remplacement de mesures in-situ. L’approche est évaluée en environnement urbain via deux campagnes de mesures, avec tirs supersoniques à balles réelles. Les performances de localisation de sources ponctuelles sont excellentes avec 4 capteurs ou plus. La localisation de sniper est précise avec 6 capteurs distribués, sans visibilité directe sur le tir, ce qui est à notre connaissance une première pour du sniper. Une démonstration de l’approche en artillerie est effectuée en utilisant les arrivées multiples extraites de signaux mesurés. Grâce à la précision des simulations des TOAs des ondes de bouche, balistique et d’impact, la localisation est possible depuis des capteurs faiblement espacés, sans influence notable de la géométrie de déploiement sur la performance. Là encore, il s’agit à notre connaissance une première. Le modèle développé dans cette thèse permet d’estimer numériquement les performances de n’importe quel système de détection synchrone basé sur des TOAs, sniper comme artillerie, dans des scénarios réalistes et des environnements arbitrairement complexes. L’optimisation du placement des capteurs est ainsi envisageableBattlefield acoustics sensing systems have been used since the early 20th century for detection and localization of threats. Artillery and gun shots emit loud sounds (muzzle blast upon firing, ballistic wave emitted by the supersonic projectile, possible impact burst) which propagate at long ranges. These sounds may be recorded at low-cost, passive, all-weather, omnidirectional sensors, usually distributed over the monitored area. Sensor data are then fused, using localization algorithms and propagation models to relate observed features, e.g. times of arrival (TOAs) or spectra, to a plausible source position. The originality of the team’s approach, through the Matching method, consists in factoring in the physics of propagation: wind and temperature effects, obstacles... A database of virtual sources acoustic features is numerically predicted at a set of sensors. Upon detection of an event, observed features are evaluated against the database. The estimated sound source position is that of the closest match. In practice, TOAs of signals at synchronous, distributed sensors are sufficient for localization of e.g., sniper shots in urban areas. The database may be generated in advance, while the Matching is potentially real-time. Localization is robust to noise, sensor positioning, calibration, or environment data errors. However, building the database is computer-intensive, and handling of non-trivial geometries or sources is challenging. Integration of environment data, feasibility of artillery shot localization and of Matching multiple arrivals, are open questions. The rationale of the present work is to develop a modeling suite, from procurement of terrain and atmosphere data, to shot ballistics and acoustic propagation, to compute TOAs of the acoustic emissions of supersonic shots in a consistent and physics-based fashion. Each time, limiting factors (sensor position error, atmospheric data accuracy, ballistic dispersion...) are determined, and all models are consequently refined, or simplified, to the befitting level of detail for the Matching phase. More specifically, a Fast-Marching acoustic propagation model is derived and implemented (IFM). IFM retains the physical generality of 3D+time solvers, while computing only TOAs and thus being much faster. IFM handles urban geometries with unstructured meshes, and long range propagation with terrain-following grids. Coupling to a ballistic model accounts for sound emissions of supersonic shots. Bullet hits in building façades or the ground and 3D aerodynamic effects for large caliber projectiles are considered. IFM is then coupled to computational fluid dynamics or meso-scale numerical weather prediction models to determine relevant atmospheric inputs in support or replacement of on-site measurements. Two measurement campaigns were conducted for evaluation of the approach in built-up areas, including supersonic weapons and actual live ammunition. Point source localization performance is state-of-the-art with down to 4 sensors. Sniper localization performs well with down to 6 sensors, including fully non-line-of-sight sensors configurations - which is to our knowledge a first for countersniper systems. Localization of artillery shots is demonstrated on the multiple arrivals of measured artillery signals, from a small baseline array, with little influence of the array geometry on the sensing performance, thanks to the accuracy of the predicted muzzle blast, ballistic wave and impact burst TOAs. Again, this is to our knowledge a first. The modeling suite developed in this work may readily assess the performance of any synchronous, TOA-based sensing system in realistic scenarii, in arbitrarily complex, nonline- of-sight environments - with a common framework for both counter-sniper and counter artillery systems. It could also be used as a decision aid, to choose the most fitting sensor configuration for surveillance of a given area, in a given scenario
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Leissing, Thomas. "Nonlinear acoustic wave propagation in complex media : application to propagation over urban environments." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584398.
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Dans cette recherche, un modèle de propagation d'ondes de choc sur grandes distances sur un environnement urbain est construit et validé. L'approche consiste à utiliser l'Equation Parabolique Nonlinéaire (NPE) comme base. Ce modèle est ensuite étendu afin de prendre en compte d'autres effets relatifs à la propagation du son en milieu extérieur (surfaces non planes, couches poreuses, etc.). La NPE est résolue en utilisant la méthode des différences finies et donne des résultats en accord avec d'autres méthodes numériques. Ce modèle déterministe est ensuite utilisé comme base pour la construction d'un modèle stochastique de propagation sur environnements urbains. La Théorie de l'Information et le Principe du Maximum d'Entropie permettent la construction d'un modèle probabiliste d'incertitudes intégrant la variabilité du système dans la NPE. Des résultats de référence sont obtenus grâce à une méthode exacte et permettent ainsi de valider les développements théoriques et l'approche utilisée
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Klinge, Astrid [Verfasser], and Georg M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Klump. "Processing of harmonicity, onset, and spatial cues in complex acoustic environments / Astrid Klinge. Betreuer: Georg Klump." Oldenburg : IBIT - Universitätsbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016979622/34.
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Luther, David A. Wiley R. Haven. "The evolution of communication in a complex acoustic environment." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1636.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Curriculum of Ecology." Discipline: Ecology; Department/School: Ecology.
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Pasareanu, Stephanie. "A numerical hybrid method for modeling outdoor sound propagation in complex urban environments." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47601.
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Prediction of the sound field in large urban environments has been limited thus far by the heavy computational requirements of conventional numerical methods such as boundary element (BE), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), or ray-tracing methods. Recently, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to developing energy-based methods for this application, and results have shown the potential to compete with conventional methods. However, these developments have been limited to two-dimensional (2-D) studies (along street axes), and no real description of the phenomena at issue has been exposed (e.g., diffraction effects on the predictions).
The main objectives of the present work were (i) to evaluate the feasibility of an energy-based method, the diffusion model (DM), for sound-field predictions in large, 3-D complex urban environments, (ii) to propose a numerical hybrid method that could improve the accuracy and computational time of these predictions, and (iii) to verify the proposed hybrid method against conventional numerical methods.
The proposed numerical hybrid method consists of a full-wave model coupled with an energy-based model. The full-wave model is used for predicting sound propagation (i) near the source, where constructive and destructive interactions between waves are substantial, and (ii) outside the cluttered environment, where free-field-like conditions apply. The energy-based model is used in regions where diffusion conditions are met. The hybrid approach, as implemented in this work, is a combination of FDTD and DM models.
Results from this work show the role played by diffraction near buildings edges close to the source and near the exterior boundaries of the computational domain, and its impact on the predictions. A wrong modeling of the diffraction effects in the environment leads to significant under or overpredictions of the sound levels in some regions, as compared to conventional numerical methods (in these regions, some differences are as high as 10 dB). The implementation of the hybrid method, verified against a full FDTD model, shows a significant improvement of the predictions. The mean error thus obtained inside the cluttered region of the environment is 1.5 dB.Master of Science
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Bhat, Chandrashekhar. "Artificial Neural Network Approach For Characterization Of Acoustic Emission Sources From Complex Noisy Data." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/251.
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Safety and reliability are prime concerns in aircraft performance due to the involved costs and risk to lives. Despite the best efforts in design methodology, quality evaluation in production and structural integrity assessment in-service, attainment of one hundred percent safety through development and use of a suitable in-flight health monitoring system is still a farfetched goal. And, evolution of such a system requires, first, identification of an appropriate Technique and next its adoption to meet the challenges posed by newer materials (advanced composites), complex structures and the flight environment. In fact, a quick survey of the available Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques suggests Acoustic Emission (AE) as the only available method. High merit in itself could be a weakness - Noise is the worst enemy of AE. So, while difficulties are posed due to the insufficient understanding of the basic behavior of composites, growth and interaction of defects and damage under a specified load condition, high in-flight noise further complicates the issue making the developmental task apparently formidable and challenging.
Development of an in-flight monitoring system based on AE to function as an early warning system needs addressing three aspects, viz., the first, discrimination of AE signals from noise data, the second, extraction of required information from AE signals for identification of sources (source characterization) and quantification of its growth, and the third, automation of the entire process. And, a quick assessment of the aspects involved suggests that Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are ideally suited for solving such a complex problem. A review of the available open literature while indicates a number of investigations carried out using noise elimination and source characterization methods such as frequency filtering and statistical pattern recognition but shows only sporadic attempts using ANN. This may probably be due to the complex nature of the problem involving investigation of a large number of influencing parameters, amount of effort and time to be invested, and facilities required and multi-disciplinary nature of the problem. Hence as stated in the foregoing, the need for such a study cannot be over emphasized.
Thus, this thesis is an attempt addressing the issue of analysis and automation of complex sets of AE data such as AE signals mixed with in-flight noise thus forming the first step towards in-flight monitoring using AE. An ANN can in fact replace the traditional algorithmic approaches used in the past. ANN in general are model free estimators and derive their computational efficiency due to large connectivity, massive parallelism, non-linear analog response and learning capabilities. They are better suited than the conventional methods (statistical pattern recognition methods) due to their characteristics such as classification, pattern matching, learning, generalization, fault tolerance and distributed memory and their ability to process unstructured data sets which may be carrying incomplete information at times and hence chosen as the tool. Further, in the current context, the set of investigations undertaken were in the absence of sufficient a priori information and hence clustering of signals generated by AE sources through self-organizing maps is more appropriate. Thus, in the investigations carried out under the scope of this thesis, at first a hybrid network named "NAEDA" (Neural network for Acoustic Emission Data Analysis) using Kohonen self-organizing feature map (KSOM) and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) that learns on back propagation learning rule was specifically developed with innovative data processing techniques built into the network. However, for accurate pattern recognition, multi-layer back propagation NN needed to be trained with source and noise clusters as input data. Thus, in addition to optimizing the network architecture and training parameters, preprocessing of input data to the network and multi-class clustering and classification proved to be the corner stones in obtaining excellent identification accuracy.
Next, in-flight noise environment of an aircraft was generated off line through carefully designed simulation experiments carried out in the laboratory (Ex: EMI, friction, fretting and other mechanical and hydraulic phenomena) based on the in-flight noise survey carried out by earlier investigators. From these experiments data was acquired and classified into their respective classes through MLP. Further, these noises were mixed together and clustered through KSOM and then classified into their respective clusters through MLP resulting in an accuracy of 95%- 100%
Subsequently, to evaluate the utility of NAEDA for source classification and characterization, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) specimens were subjected to spectrum loading simulating typical in-flight load and AE signals were acquired continuously up to a maximum of three designed lives and in some cases up to failure. Further, AE signals with similar characteristics were grouped into individual clusters through self-organizing map and labeled as belonging to appropriate failure modes, there by generating the class configuration. Then MLP was trained with this class information, which resulted in automatic identification and classification of failure modes with an accuracy of 95% - 100%. In addition, extraneous noise generated during the experiments was acquired and classified so as to evaluate the presence or absence of such data in the AE data acquired from the CFRP specimens.
In the next stage, noise and signals were mixed together at random and were reclassified into their respective classes through supervised training of multi-layer back propagation NN. Initially only noise was discriminated from the AE signals from CFRP failure modes and subsequently both noise discrimination and failure mode identification and classification was carried out resulting in an accuracy of 95% - 100% in most of the cases. Further, extraneous signals mentioned above were classified which indicated the presence of such signals in the AE signals obtained from the CFRP specimen.
Thus, having established the basis for noise identification and AE source classification and characterization, two specific examples were considered to evaluate the utility and efficiency of NAEDA. In the first, with the postulation that different basic failure modes in composites have unique AE signatures, the difference in damage generation and progression can be clearly characterized under different loading conditions. To examine this, static compression tests were conducted on a different set of CFRP specimens till failure with continuous AE monitoring and the resulting AE signals were classified through already trained NAEDA. The results obtained shows that the total number of signals obtained were very less when compared to fatigue tests and the specimens failed with hardly any damage growth. Further, NAEDA was able to discriminate the"noise and failure modes in CFRP specimen with the same degree of accuracy with which it has classified such signals obtained from fatigue tests.
In the second example, with the same postulate of unique AE signatures for different failure modes, the differences in the complexion of the damage growth and progression should become clearly evident when one considers specimens with different lay up sequences. To examine this, the data was reclassified on the basis of differences in lay up sequences from specimens subjected to fatigue. The results obtained clearly confirmed the postulation.
As can be seen from the summary of the work presented in the foregoing paragraphs, the investigations undertaken within the scope of this thesis involve elaborate experimentation, development of tools, acquisition of extensive data and analysis. Never the less, the results obtained were commensurate with the efforts and have been fruitful. Of the useful results that have been obtained, to state in specific, the first is, discrimination of simulated noise sources achieved with significant success but for some overlapping which is not of major concern as far as noises are concerned. Therefore they are grouped into required number of clusters so as to achieve better classification through supervised NN. This proved to be an innovative measure in supervised classification through back propagation NN.
The second is the damage characterization in CFRP specimens, which involved imaginative data processing techniques that proved their worth in terms of optimization of various training parameters and resulted in accurate identification through clustering. Labeling of clusters is made possible by marking each signal starting from clustering to final classification through supervised neural network and is achieved through phenomenological correlation combined with ultrasonic imaging.
Most rewarding of all is the identification of failure modes (AE signals) mixed in noise into their respective classes. This is a direct consequence of innovative data processing, multi-class clustering and flexibility of grouping various noise signals into suitable number of clusters.
Thus, the results obtained and presented in this thesis on NN approach to AE signal analysis clearly establishes the fact that methods and procedures developed can automate detection and identification of failure modes in CFRP composites under hostile environment, which could lead to the development of an in-flight monitoring system.
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Mhatre, Natasha. "The Prediction Of Field Cricket Phonotaxis In Complex Acoustic Environments." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/883.
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Animals detect, recognize and localize relevant objects in noisy, multi-source environments. Female crickets locate potential mates in choruses of simultaneously calling males using acoustic signals, a behaviour termed phonotaxis. The mechanisms underlying cricket phonotaxis are now understood across multiple levels: biophysical, neurobiological and behavioural. Phonotaxis has, however, rarely been tested in the complex real-world acoustic environments and no attempts have been made to predict acoustic orientation behaviour in these conditions despite our extensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms.
In this thesis, I first characterized the acoustic environments faced by female crickets of the species Plebeiogryllus guttiventris in the field. Phonotaxis behaviour of females was then characterized under laboratory conditions using two sound sources. The data obtained were used to develop a simulation that predicted this behaviour. The predictions of the simulation were then tested against the phonotaxis behaviour of females in realistic, multi-source conditions in the field.
My field studies of male behaviour showed that males of this species produced complex and variable songs in choruses where multiple males called simultaneously. The acoustic ranges of males in these choruses overlapped extensively and females performing phonotaxis in such choruses would hear multiple males simultaneously. The acoustic interactions of simultaneously calling males were also characterized for their timing relationships with each other and the changes they made to the temporal patterns of their songs. Males did not either synchronise or alternate their chirps, however they made changes to the temporal patterns of song in a way that is likely to make them more attractive to females.
I then characterized the closed-loop walking phonotaxis behaviour of P. guttiventris females in the presence of two active sound sources playing conspecific song. Both the baseline and relative SPLs of the two speakers were systematically varied and female phonotactic paths were obtained. Females were found to preferentially approach louder songs. Several aspects of this behaviour were characterized, in particular orientation ability and motor behaviour under varied conditions of stimulus intensity.
A stochastic simulation of closed-loop walking phonotaxis behaviour was developed using both current understanding of field cricket physiology and my data on closed-loop walking phonotaxis. The simulation was demonstrated to both qualitatively and quantitatively recapture female behaviour. It was also able to qualitatively recapture female behaviour in two previously published classical experiments in which the hearing of female crickets was disrupted.
Female phonotaxis was then tested under real-world multi-source conditions. The behaviour of real females was compared to the predictions of the simulation. The simulation was found to recapture both female preference and phonotactic path forms at the population level. To my knowledge, this is the first study to both examine and successfully predict phonotaxis behaviour in complex real-world acoustic conditions.
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Bogdan, Caitlin. "Acoustically driven control of mobile robots for source localization in complex ocean environments." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30725.
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Ocean based robotic systems are an opportunity to combine the power of acoustic sensing in the water with sophisticated control schemes. Together these bodies of knowledge could create autonomous systems for mapping acoustic fields and localizing underwater sources. However, existing control schemes have often been designed for land and air robots. This creates challenges for applying these algorithms to complex ocean environments. Acoustic fields are strongly frequency dependent, can rarely be realistically modeled analytically, have complex contours where the feature of interest is not always located at the peak pressure, and include many sources of background noise. This work addresses these challenges for control schemes from three categories: feedback and observer control, gradient ascent control and optimal control. In each case the challenges of applying the control scheme to an acoustic field are enumerated and addressed to create a suite of acoustically driven control schemes. For many of these algorithms, the largest issue is the processing and collection of acoustic data, particularly in the face of noise. Two new methods are developed to solve this issue. The first is the use of Principal Component Analysis as a noise filter for acoustic signals, which is shown to address particularly high levels of noise, while providing the frequency dependent sound pressure levels necessary for subsequent processing. The second method addresses the challenge that an analytical expression of the pressure field is often lacking, due to uncertainties and complexities in the environmental parameters. Basis functions are used to address this. Several candidates are considered, but Legendre polynomials are selected for their low error and reasonable processing time. Additionally, a method of intermediate points is used to approximate high frequency pressure fields with low numbers of collected data points. Following this work, the individual control schemes are explored. A method of observer feedback control is proposed to localize sources by linearizing the acoustic fields. A gradient ascent method for localizing sources in real time is proposed which uses Matched Field Processing and Bayesian filters. These modifications allow the gradient ascent algorithm to be compatible with complex acoustic fields. Finally, an optimal control method is proposed using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to derive trajectories in real time that balance information gain with control energy. This method is shown to efficiently map an acoustic field, either for optimal sensor placement or to localize sources. The contribution of this work is a new collection of control schemes that use acoustic data to localize acoustically complex sources in a realistic noisy environment, and an understanding of the tradeoffs inherent in applying each of these to the acoustic domain.
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Miller, Bruce Edward. "Observation and inversion of seismo-acoustic waves in a complex arctic ice environment." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28416.
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The propagation of low frequency seismo-acoustic waves in the Arctic Ocean ice canopy is examined through the analysis of hydrophone and geophone data sets collected in 1987 at an ice camp designated PRUDEX in the Beaufort Sea. Study of the geophone time series generated by under-ice explosive detonations reveals not only the expected longitudinal and flexural waves in the ice plate, but also an unexpected horizontally-polarized transverse (SH) wave arriving at a higher amplitude than the other wave types. The travel paths of all three observed wave types are found to be refracted in the horizontal plane along a line coincident with a known ridge separating the ice canopy locally into two distinct half-plates, the first of thin first year ice and the second of thicker multi-year ice. The origin of the SH wave appears to be near the detonation and not associated with the interaction of longitudinal, flexural or waterborne waves with the ridge line. The need to determine the exact location of each detonation from the received time series highlights the dramatic superiority of geophones over hydrophones in this application, as does the ability to detect the anomalous SH waves and the refracted ray paths, neither of which are visible in the hydrophone data. Inversion of the geophone data sets for the low frequency elastic parameters of the ice is conducted initially by treating the ice as a single homogeneous isotropic plate to demonstrate the power of SAFARI numerical modeling in this application. A modified stationary phase approach is then used to extend SAFARI modeling to invert the data sets for the elastic parameters of the tow ice half-plates simultaneously. The compressional/shear bulk wave speeds estimated in the half-plates, 3500/1750 m/s in the multi-year ice and 3000/1590 m/s in the new ice, are comparable to previously obtained values; however, the compressional/shear attenuation values in the tow half-plates, 1.0/2.99 dB/[Lamda] and 1.0/2.67 dB/[Lamda], respectively, are somewhat greater than previously measured values and four times greater than estimates extrapolated from high frequency data
Books on the topic "Complex acoustic environments"
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Sioli, Angeliki, and Elisavet Kiourtsoglou, eds. The Sound of Architecture. Leuven University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664563.
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Acoustic atmospheres can be fleeting, elusive, or short-lived. Sometimes they are constant, but more often they change from one moment to the next, forming distinct impressions each time we visit certain places. Stable or dynamic, acoustic atmospheres have a powerful effect on our spatial experience, sometimes even more so than architecture itself. This book explores the acoustic atmospheres of diverse architectural environments, in terms of scale, function, location, or historic period—providing an overview of how acoustic atmospheres are created, perceived, experienced, and visualized. Contributors explore how sound and its atmospheres transform architecture and space. Their essays demonstrate that sound is a tangible element in the design and staging of atmospheres and that it should become a central part of the spatial explorations of architects, designers, and urban planners. The Sound of Architecture will be of interest to architectural historians, theorists, students, and practicing architects, who will discover how acoustic atmospheres can be created without complex and specialized engineering. It will also be of value to scholars working in the field of history of emotions, as it offers evocative descriptions of acoustic atmospheres from diverse cultures and time periods.
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Théberge, Paul. The Sound of Nowhere. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199985227.003.0015.
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This chapter traces the development of reverb in music production. Reverberation implicates acoustic space with musical and social places; thus, genres can come to be associated with different locations (e.g., Gregorian chant with cathedrals, orchestras with large concert halls). Sound recordings relocate music to other locales, however, superimposing the reverberant characteristics of one space upon another. Since the 1930s, audio-recording engineers increasingly disengaged recorded sounds from their acoustic environments and replaced them with artificial reverb: through the use of chambers, plates and digital devices, popular recording practices create a complex, multilayered musical space. The chapter traces these developments and links them to contemporary listening practices associated with headphone use, arguing that reverb serves to create an imaginary sonic space for the mobile listener.
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Miller, Bruce Edward. Observation and inversion of seismo-acoustic waves in a complex arctic ice environment. 1990.
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Escudier, Marcel, and Tony Atkins. A Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198832102.001.0001.
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Over 8,000 entries This Dictionary provides definitions and explanations for mechanical engineering terms in clear and concise A to Z entries, many illustrated. This new edition greatly expands the coverage of materials engineering terms, with a complete revision of the existing entries and the addition of more than 200 new ones in this area. Other new entries include atomic force microscope, epitrochoid, fundamental physical constant, light-emitting diode, motor generator unit, Ohm’s law, and turbomachine. Also touched upon are related subject areas such as acoustics, bioengineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, aeronautical engineering, and environmental engineering. It is the most comprehensive and authoritative dictionary of its kind, and an essential reference for students of mechanical engineering and for anyone with an interest in the subject.
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Steward, David R. Analytic Element Method. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856788.001.0001.
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The Analytic Element Method provides a foundation to solve boundary value problems commonly encountered in engineering and science. The goals are: to introduce readers to the basic principles of the AEM, to provide a template for those interested in pursuing these methods, and to empower readers to extend the AEM paradigm to an even broader range of problems. A comprehensive paradigm: place an element within its landscape, formulate its interactions with other elements using linear series of influence functions, and then solve for its coefficients to match its boundary and interface conditions with nearly exact precision. Collectively, sets of elements interact to transform their environment, and these synergistic interactions are expanded upon for three common types of problems. The first problem studies a vector field that is directed from high to low values of a function, and applications include: groundwater flow, vadose zone seepage, incompressible fluid flow, thermal conduction and electrostatics. A second type of problem studies the interactions of elements with waves, with applications including water waves and acoustics. A third type of problem studies the interactions of elements with stresses and displacements, with applications in elasticity for structures and geomechanics. The Analytic Element Method paradigm comprehensively employs a background of existing methodology using complex functions, separation of variables and singular integral equations. This text puts forth new methods to solving important problems across engineering and science, and has a tremendous potential to broaden perspective and change the way problems are formulated.
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Cimini, Amy. Wild Sound. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190060893.001.0001.
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“We haven’t even made it to breakfast!” Composer Maryanne Amacher (1938–2009) often used this phrase to marvel at critical and partial approaches to knowledge production across the vast artistic, technical, and scientific discourses with which she worked. Her musical thought encompassed original presentational formats in existing and speculative media as well as approaches to sound and ways of listening that conjoined real and imagined social worlds. In these conjunctions, this book discerns meeting points between frameworks for life that emerged from Amacher’s multidisciplinary study of sound and listening: within acoustical spectra, inside human bodies and ears, across cities and edgleands, amid hypothetical creatures, and between virtual, fictive, or distanciated environments. These figurations guide interpretative study of six signal projects: Adjacencies (1965/1966); City-Links (1967–1988); Additional Tones (1976/1987); Music for Sound-Joined Rooms (1980–2009); Mini Sound Series (1985–2009); and Intelligent Life (1980s), and countless sketches, notes, and unrealized projects. The book explores Amacher’s working methods with an interpretive style that emphasizes technical study, conceptual juxtaposition, intertextual play, and narrative transport. This book also takes up Amacher’s work as a guiding thread across shifting social discourses on life in the late twentieth-century United States. Her projects convoked figurations of life and technoscience that could be partially and ironically accessed or conceptualized via complex auditory thresholds. This nascent epistemology rooted in feminist science and technology studies centers biopolitical questions about difference and power in artistic and critical work that counts Amacher among its precedents.
Book chapters on the topic "Complex acoustic environments"
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Picinali, Lorenzo, and Brian F. G. Katz. "System-to-User and User-to-System Adaptations in Binaural Audio." In Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments, 115–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04021-4_4.
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AbstractThis chapter concerns concepts of adaption in a binaural audio context (i.e. headphone-based three-dimensional audio rendering and associated spatial hearing aspects), considering first the adaptation of the rendering system to the acoustic and perceptual properties of the user, and second the adaptation of the user to the rendering quality of the system. We start with an overview of the basic mechanisms of human sound source localisation, introducing expressions such as localisation cues and interaural differences, and the concept of the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF), which is the basis of most 3D spatialisation systems in VR. The chapter then moves to more complex concepts and processes, such as HRTF selection (system-to-user adaptation) and HRTF accommodation (user-to-system adaptation). State-of-the-art HRTF modelling and selection methods are presented, looking at various approaches and at how these have been evaluated. Similarly, the process of HRTF accommodation is detailed, with a case study employed as an example. Finally, the potential of these two approaches are discussed, considering their combined use in a practical context, as well as introducing a few open challenges for future research.
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Korenevsky, M. L., Yu N. Matveev, and A. V. Yakovlev. "Investigation and Development of Methods for Improving Robustness of Automatic Speech Recognition Algorithms in Complex Acoustic Environments." In Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference "Research and Development - 2016", 11–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62870-7_2.
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Lamanna, Grazia, Christoph Steinhausen, Andreas Preusche, and Andreas Dreizler. "Experimental Investigations of Near-critical Fluid Phenomena by the Application of Laser Diagnostic Methods." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 169–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_9.
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AbstractPhysics of supercritical fluids is extremely complex and not yet fully understood. The importance of the presented investigations into the physics of supercritical fluids is twofold. First, the presented approach links the microscopic dynamics and macroscopic thermodynamics of supercritical fluids. Second, free falling droplets in a near to supercritical environment are investigated using spontaneous Raman scattering and a laser induced fluorescence/phosphorescence thermometry approach. The resulting spectroscopic data are employed to validate theoretical predictions of an improved evaporation model. Finally, laser induced thermal acoustics is used to investigate acoustic damping rates in the supercritical region of pure fluids.
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Erbe, Christine, Alec Duncan, and Kathleen J. Vigness-Raposa. "Introduction to Sound Propagation Under Water." In Exploring Animal Behavior Through Sound: Volume 1, 185–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97540-1_6.
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AbstractSound propagation under water is a complex process. Sound does not propagate along straight-line transmission paths. Rather, it reflects, refracts, and diffracts. It scatters off rough surfaces (such as the sea surface and the seafloor) and off reflectors within the water column (e.g., gas bubbles, fish swim bladders, and suspended particles). It is transmitted into the seafloor and partially lost from the water. It is converted into heat by exciting molecular vibrations. There are common misconceptions about sound propagation in water, such as “low-frequency sound does not propagate in shallow water,” “over hard seafloors, all sound is reflected, leading to cylindrical spreading,” and “over soft seafloors, sound propagates spherically.” This chapter aims to remove common misconceptions and empowers the reader to comprehend sound propagation phenomena in a range of environments and appreciate the limitations of widely used sound propagation models. The chapter begins by deriving the sonar equation for a number of scenarios, including animal acoustic communication, communication masking by noise, and acoustic surveying of animals. It introduces the concept of the layered ocean, presenting temperature, salinity, and resulting sound speed profiles. These are needed to develop the most common concepts of sound propagation under water: ray tracing and normal modes. This chapter explains Snell’s law, reflection and transmission coefficients, and Lloyd’s mirror. It provides an overview of publicly available sound propagation software (including wavenumber integration and parabolic equation models). It concludes with a few practical examples of modeling propagation loss for whale song and a seismic airgun array.
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Collins, Michael D., W. A. Kuperman, and William L. Siegmann. "Propagation and Inversion in Complex Ocean Environments." In Full Field Inversion Methods in Ocean and Seismo-Acoustics, 15–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8476-0_3.
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Haselsteiner, Edeltraud, Marielle Ferreira Silva, and Željka Kordej-De Villa. "Climatic, Cultural, Behavioural and Technical Influences on the Indoor Environment Quality and Their Relevance for a." In Future City, 201–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_10.
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AbstractResearch about indoor comfort in future years will increasingly be guided by the pressing need for decarbonizing the built environment due to climate change. Health, efficiency, and satisfaction of work and the feeling of comfort are largely determined by the interior criteria. The sustainable indoor environment is a result of complex factors: air conditioning (ventilation), indoor temperature, heating methods, lighting, and acoustic. This chapter explores and analyzes climatic, cultural, and behavioral factors that play an important role and have an influence on technology for an indoor regenerative environment. This chapter is based on an explorative literature review and reflects indoor environmental quality, users’ expectations, and users’ behavior from the perspective of different scientific disciplines. Current standards are based on a rational approach to thermal comfort, and indicators are determined on the measured subjects’ reactions during stabilized conditions in climatic chambers. It is concluded from these results that people in different environmental conditions react similarly to everyday life. Nevertheless, survey results suggest that achieving the optimal level of the indoor environment is possible when climatic, cultural, and social context is taken into account.
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Takami, Kuya, Tomonari Furukawa, Makoto Kumon, and Gamini Dissanayake. "Non-Field-of-View Acoustic Target Estimation in Complex Indoor Environment." In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 577–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27702-8_38.
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Hven, Steffen. "Narratives Spaces and Sonic Environments." In Enacting the Worlds of Cinema, 121–44. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197555101.003.0006.
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One of the most pressing problems of textualism is the “noise aesthetics” of the increasingly complex acoustic ecologies of modern cinema. In order to develop a narrative theoretical framework capable of integrating “noise”—understood as “insignificant” sounds that define the ambience or acoustic ecology of the diegesis—this chapter employs the notion of the soundscape to enrich our understanding of narrative space beyond its textual confinement as the container of the characters and events. Spurred by the rich sound ecologies of contemporary cinema, this chapter provides a revaluation of narrative space as a dynamic agency that implies the recipients’ material, bodily, sensorimotor, and affective engagements. Essential thus becomes the immediacy of the mediated environment. To capture this paradox at the heart of the cinematic experience, it is argued that the notion of the soundscape should be given analytical precedence over the diegetic/nondiegetic binary that has long inhibited scholars from understanding cineacoustics as more than an accompaniment to the fictional world of the film. As part of the film’s overall affective assemblage, the notion of the soundscape can be employed to understand the narrative rhetoric of films that communicate through “insignificant” noises. As an example of this, this chapter examines the use of “sonic envelopes” and “noise aesthetics” in A Quiet Place (directed by Krasinski 2018) to conclude that cinematic signification cannot be reduced to its “literal” denotations but emerges on the basis of a resonance effect. Cinematic signification thus requires the embodied spectator to partake of the film’s orchestrated flows of movements.
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Boulmaiz, Amira, Djemil Messadeg, Noureddine Doghmane, and Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed. "Design and Implementation of a Robust Acoustic Recognition System for Waterbird Species Using TMS320C6713 DSK." In Sensor Technology, 800–821. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch038.
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In this paper, a new real-time approach for audio recognition of waterbird species in noisy environments, based on a Texas Instruments DSP, i.e. TMS320C6713 is proposed. For noise estimation in noisy water bird's sound, a tonal region detector (TRD) using a sigmoid function is introduced. This method offers flexibility since the slope and the mean of the sigmoid function can be adapted autonomously for a better trade-off between noise overvaluation and undervaluation. Then, the features Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients post processed by Spectral Subtraction (MFCC-SS) were extracted for classification using Support Vector Machine classifier. A development of the Simulink analysis models of classic MFCC and MFCC-SS is described. The audio recognition system is implemented in real time by loading the created models in DSP board, after being converted to target C code using Code Composer Studio. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed TRD-MFCC-SS feature is highly effective and performs satisfactorily compared to conventional MFCC feature, especially in complex environment.
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Xu, Zhe, David John, and Anthony C. Boucouvalas. "Fuzzy Logic Usage in Emotion Communication of Human Machine Interaction." In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction, 227–33. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch036.
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As the popularity of the Internet has expanded, an increasing number of people spend time online. More than ever, individuals spend time online reading news, searching for new technologies, and chatting with others. Although the Internet was designed as a tool for computational calculations, it has now become a social environment with computer-mediated communication (CMC). Picard and Healey (1997) demonstrated the potential and importance of emotion in human-computer interaction, and Bates (1992) illustrated the roles that emotion plays in user interactions with synthetic agents. Is emotion communication important for human-computer interaction? Scott and Nass (2002) demonstrated that humans extrapolate their interpersonal interaction patterns onto computers. Humans talk to computers, are angry with them, and even make friends with them. In our previous research, we demonstrated that social norms applied in our daily life are still valid for human-computer interaction. Furthermore, we proved that providing emotion visualisation in the human-computer interface could significantly influence the perceived performances and feelings of humans. For example, in an online quiz environment, human participants answered questions and then a software agent judged the answers and presented either a positive (happy) or negative (sad) expression. Even if two participants performed identically and achieved the same number of correct answers, the perceived performance for the one in the positive-expression environment is significantly higher than the one in the negative-expression environment (Xu, 2005). Although human emotional processes are much more complex than in the above example and it is difficult to build a complete computational model, various models and applications have been developed and applied in human-agent interaction environments such as the OZ project (Bates, 1992), the Cathexis model (Velasquez, 1997), and Elliot’s (1992) affective reasoner. We are interested in investigating the influences of emotions not only for human-agent communication, but also for online human-human communications. The first question is, can we detect a human’s emotional state automatically and intelligently? Previous works have concluded that emotions can be detected in various ways—in speech, in facial expressions, and in text—for example, investigations that focus on the synthesis of facial expressions and acoustic expression including Kaiser and Wehrle (2000), Wehrle, Kaiser, Schmidt, and Scherer (2000), and Zentner and Scherer (1998). As text is still dominating online communications, we believe that emotion detection in textual messages is particularly important.
Conference papers on the topic "Complex acoustic environments"
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Lovre, Bogdanic, and Suhanek Mia. "Acoustical system monitoring in complex acoustic environments." In 2019 2nd International Colloquium on Smart Grid Metrology (SMAGRIMET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/smagrimet.2019.8720368.
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Foster, S. H., E. M. Wenzel, and R. M. Tayior. "Real Time Synthesis of Complex Acoustic Environments." In Final Program and Paper Summaries 1991 IEEE ASSP Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics. IEEE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aspaa.1991.634098.
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"ACOUSTIC MODELLING FOR SPEECH PROCESSING IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS." In Special Session on Multivariable Processing for Biometric Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003894105070516.
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Wilson, D. Keith, Daniel J. Breton, Wesley M. Barnes, Michael B. Muhlestein, Vladimir E. Ostashev, Ross E. Alter, and Lauren E. Waldrop. "Modeling RF and acoustic signal propagation in complex environments." In Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR IX, edited by Tien Pham, Michael A. Kolodny, and Dietrich M. Wiegmann. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2311592.
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Showen, R. L., R. B. Calhoun, Wai C. Chu, and J. W. Dunham. "Acoustic gunshot location in complex environments: concepts and results." In SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.784547.
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Jennings, Todd R., and Gerald Kidd. "A visually guided beamformer to aid listening in complex acoustic environments." In 176th Meeting of Acoustical Society of America 2018 Acoustics Week in Canada. Acoustical Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000972.
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Nelus, Alexandru, Rene Glitza, and Rainer Martin. "Unsupervised Clustered Federated Learning in Complex Multi-source Acoustic Environments." In 2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615980.
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Zinkin, Valerij N., Yurij A. Kukushkin, Aleksej V. Bogomolov, Sergej P. Dragan, and Sofja A. Zagrebina. "Acoustic Safety of Professional Activity of State Aviation Flight Crews." In 2018 Third International Conference on Human Factors in Complex Technical Systems and Environments (ERGO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ergo.2018.8443822.
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Alyushin, Victor M. "Monitoring of the Psychological Climate in the Team on the Basis of Acoustic Technologies." In 2018 Third International Conference on Human Factors in Complex Technical Systems and Environments (ERGO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ergo.2018.8443837.
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As'ad, Hala, Martin Bouchard, and Homayoun Kamkar-Parsi. "Binaural beamforming with spatial cues preservation for hearing aids in real-life complex acoustic environments." In 2017 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2017.8282250.
Full textReports on the topic "Complex acoustic environments"
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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541777.
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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada573790.
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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602518.
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Reichmuth, Colleen. Pinniped Hearing in Complex Acoustic Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada602519.
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Xiao, Tian. A Fast Wave-Based Hybrid Method for Interactive Acoustic Simulation in Large and Complex Environments. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada558086.
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Job, Jacob. Mesa Verde National Park: Acoustic monitoring report. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286703.
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In 2015, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data at Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE). Between July and August 2015, as well as February and March 2016, three acoustical monitoring systems were deployed throughout the park, however one site (MEVE002) stopped recording after a couple days during the summer due to wildlife interference. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline soundscape inventory of backcountry and frontcountry sites within the park. This inventory will be used to establish indicators and thresholds of soundscape quality that will support the park and NSNSD in developing a comprehensive approach to protecting the acoustic environment through soundscape management planning. Additionally, results of this study will help the park identify major sources of noise within the park, as well as provide a baseline understanding of the acoustical environment as a whole for use in potential future comparative studies. In this deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, “sound pressure level” refers to broadband (12.5 Hz–20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as “sound level.” Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 μPa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels in order to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz. Trained technicians calculated time audible metrics after monitoring was complete. See Methods section for protocol details, equipment specifications, and metric calculations. Median existing (LA50) and natural ambient (LAnat) metrics are also reported for daytime (7:00–19:00) and nighttime (19:00–7:00). Prominent noise sources at the two backcountry sites (MEVE001 and MEVE002) included vehicles and aircraft, while building and vehicle predominated at the frontcountry site (MEVE003). Table 1 displays time audible values for each of these noise sources during the monitoring period, as well as ambient sound levels. In determining the current conditions of an acoustical environment, it is informative to examine how often sound levels exceed certain values. Table 2 reports the percent of time that measured levels at the three monitoring locations were above four key values.