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Journal articles on the topic 'Complete factorial design'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 January 2024

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1

KUMAR, PRAKASH, KRISHAN LAL, ANIRBAN MUKHERJEE, UPENDRA KUMAR PRADHAN, MRINMOY RAY, and OM PRAKASH. "Advanced row-column designs for animal feed experiments." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, no. 4 (January 5, 2023): 499–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i4.78895.

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Inappropriate statistical designs may misinterpret results of animal feed experiments. Thus complete statistical designs can make animal feed research more appropriate and cost effective. Usually factorial row-column designs are used when the heterogeneity in the experimental material is in two directions and the experimenter is interested in studying the effect of two or more factors simultaneously. Attempts have been to develop the method of construction of balanced nested row column design under factorial setup. Factorial experiments are used in designs when two or more factors have same levels or different levels. The designs that are balanced symmetric factorials nested in blocks are called block designs with nested row-column balanced symmetric factorial experiments. These designs were constructed by using confounding through equation methods.Construction of confounded asymmetrical factorial experiments in row-column settings and efficiency factor of confounded effects was worked out. The design can be used in animal feed experiment with fewer resources by not compromising the test accuracy.
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., Niranjan Chivate, Sidharth Patil ., Jagdish Saboji ., and Anuradha Chivate . "A Complete Review on Solid Dispersion Technology and Factorial Design." Journal of Current Pharma Research 2, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33786/jcpr.2012.v02i04.011.

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Alassane, Daibou, Jaqueline Akemi Suzuki Sediyama, Alice Dos Santos Ribeiro, José Ivo Ribeiro Júnior, and Belo Afonso Muetanene. "PERFORMANCE OF MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS CONDUCTED UNDER RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN." BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 98, no. 3 (January 2, 2024): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v98i3.4334.

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In factorial experiments conducted under randomized block design, the multiple linear regression model fitting can be performed under different combinations of the quantitative levels of the two factors and the number of replications. To determine the best combination, considering the same number of levels per factor and the same number of experimental units, it was concluded through a simulated data study that the quality of the fit increases when regression is performed in experiments with fewer combinations of levels (treatments) and more replications. Therefore, if linearity is expected, using four treatments evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial design for model fitting is recommended. Otherwise, nine treatments evaluated in a 3 × 3 factorial design are recommended. All of this is for experiments with coefficients of variation of 20%. Keywords: Treatments, Replications, Experimental precision.
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Jain, Neha, Mohan L. Kori, Umesh K. Jain, and Abhishek K. Jain. "NATURAL BIODEGRADABLE CIPROFLOXACIN MICROSPHERES: OPTIMIZATION STUDY BY FACTORIAL DESIGN." Indian Drugs 59, no. 04 (June 1, 2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.59.04.13018.

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Oral drug delivery is the most popular method of control and release of therapeutic agents for the management of diseases. The colon specific drug delivery systems are considered to attain targeted drug delivery to the large intestine specifically at colon. They provide local delivery for the treatment of colonic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease. The present investigation is based on response of percent drug release as dependent variable for the study at Y axis with two different variables-concentration of surfactant (X1) and stirring speed (X2). A 32 full factorial design was used for complete reading of blending of polymers. The effects of surfactant concentration and stirring speed were evaluated by different parameters as entrapment efficiency, particle size, surface characteristics, micromeritic properties, DSC study and in vitro drug release studies. The present investigation reveals that galactomannan gum containing microspheres are promising as a carrier for colon targeted delivery of ciprofloxacin.
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Collins, Linda M., John J. Dziak, and Runze Li. "Design of experiments with multiple independent variables: A resource management perspective on complete and reduced factorial designs." Psychological Methods 14, no. 3 (2009): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015826.

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Masetto, Alejandra, Luis B. Flores-Cotera, Carlos Díaz, Elizabeth Langley, and Sergio Sanchez. "Application of a complete factorial design for the production of zeaxanthin by Flavobacterium sp." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 92, no. 1 (January 2001): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80199-7.

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Edginton, Andrea N., Patrick M. Sheridan, Herman J. Boermans, Dean G. Thompson, John D. Holt, and Gerald R. Stephenson. "A Comparison of Two Factorial Designs, a Complete 3×3 Factorial and a Central Composite Rotatable Design, for Use in Binomial Response Experiments in Aquatic Toxicology." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 46, no. 2 (February 2004): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-2176-9.

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C. Eze, Francis. "Choice of Confounding in the 2k Factorial Design in 2b Blocks." Academic Journal of Applied Mathematical Sciences, no. 55 (May 15, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ajams.55.50.56.

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In 2k complete factorial experiment, the experiment must be carried out in a completely randomized design. When the numbers of factors increase, the number of treatment combinations increase and it is not possible to accommodate all these treatment combinations in one homogeneous block. In this case, confounding in more than one incomplete block becomes necessary. In this paper, we considered the choice of confounding when k > 2. Our findings show that the choice of confounding depends on the number of factors, the number of blocks and their sizes. When two more interactions are to be confounded, their product module 2 should be considered and thereafter, a linear combination equation should be used in allocating the treatment effects in the principal block. Other contents in other blocks are generated by multiplication module 2 of the effects not in the principal block. Partial confounding is recommended for the interactions that cannot be confounded.
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M.P., Iwundu, and Oko E.T. "Design Efficiency and Optimal Values of Replicated Central Composite Designs with Full Factorial Portions." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-ajwdyp0v.

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Efficiency and optimal properties of four varieties of Central Composite Design, namely, SCCD, RCCD, OCCD and FCCD and having r_f replicates of the full factorial portion, r_α replicates of the axial portion and r_c replicates of the center portion are studied in four to six design variables. Optimal combination,[r_f: r_α: r_c ] of design points associated with the three portions of each central composite design is presented. For SCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- and D- efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the center portion of the SCCD. However, replicating the center and axial portions allows for G-optimal and efficient designs. For RCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- and D- efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the factorial and center portions of the RCCD. However, replicating the center and axial portions allows for G-optimal and efficient designs. For OCCD, the optimal combinations resulting in A- optimal and efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the axial and center portion of the OCCD. The optimal combinations resulting in G- optimal and efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the factorial and axial portions of the OCCD. To achieve designs that are D-optimal and D-efficient, the optimal combination of design points generally put emphasis on replicating the center portion of the OCCD. For FCCD, the optimal combinations of design points resulting in A-efficient designs put emphasis on replicating the axial portion of the FCCD. The optimal combinations resulting in G- optimal and efficient designs as well as G-optimal and efficient designs generally put emphasis on replicating the factorial and axial portions of the FCCD. It is interesting to note that for FCCD in five design variables, any r^th complete replicate of the distinct design points of the combination [r_f: r_α: r_c ] resulted in a D-efficient design. Many super-efficient designs having efficiency values greater than 1.0 emerged under the D-criterion. Unfortunately, these designs did not perform very well under A- and G-criteria, having some efficiency values much below 0.5 or just about 0.6.
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Gama, A. J. A., J. M. R. Figueirêdo, A. L. F. Brito, M. A. Gama, G. A. Neves, and H. C. Ferreira. "Factorial design and statistical analysis of smectite clay treatment by hydrocyclone." Cerâmica 64, no. 369 (March 2018): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643692196.

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Abstract Bentonite clays are materials composed by one or more smectite clay minerals and some accessory minerals, mainly quartz, cristobalite, mica, feldspars and other clay minerals such as kaolinite. These contaminants present in clays have a large distribution of particle sizes which severely restrict their industrial applications, with the use of hydrocyclone as a likely solution for their reduction. This study aims to analyze the treatment of smectite clays from the state of Paraíba using modeling, simulation and optimization of the variable average particle diameter in relation to various process variables related to the hydrocyclone. In this study, the average diameter of smectite clays was evaluated as a function of the factors: pressure, apex diameter and vortex diameter of the hydrocyclone. Complete factorial design and addition in the central points were used to model the hydrocycloning process. The results evidenced reduction in equivalent average particle size of approximately 19.2%. Regarding the simulations, the optimum point with the lowest value was found for the average diameter of 4.033 µm, with a pressure of 4.3 bar, apex opening of 5.3 mm, and vortex opening of 6.3 mm, all at a 95% confidence level.
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Prescott, R. J., E. A. Nelson, J. J. Dale, D. R. Harper, and C. V. Ruckley. "Design of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Treatment of Leg Ulcers: More Answers with Fewer Patients." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 13, no. 3 (September 1998): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559801300305.

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Objective: To illustrate the benefit of the factorial design in randomized controlled trials of leg ulcers. Design: A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Setting: Hospital leg ulcer clinics in Edinburgh and Falkirk. Patients: Adults with at least one unhealed leg ulcer of determined origin, present for at least 2 months and greater than 1 cm in diameter. Interventions: Pentoxifylline (Trental) 400 mg, three times daily, versus placebo Main outcome measure: Complete healing of all ulcers within 24 weeks. Results: Of 525 patients screened, 200 pure venous ulcers were randomized (58.5% healed by 24 weeks), 45 complex venous ulcers were randomized (57.8% healed) and 41 arterial patients were randomized (excluding bandaging comparisons) (19.5% healed). There were no interactions between treatments. Conclusion: The factorial design was feasible to administer and allowed three therapeutic questions to be investigated using the same resources as would have been needed to answer a single question.
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Ubaldini, S., L. Piga, P. Fornari, and R. Massidda. "Removal of iron from quartz sands: A study by column leaching using a complete factorial design." Hydrometallurgy 40, no. 3 (March 1996): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(95)00012-6.

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13

Moreland, Jeffrey C., Julia L. Sharp, and Philip J. Brown. "Lab-Scale Fiber Spinning Experimental Design Cost Comparison." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 1 (March 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500105.

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Many statistical experimental designs are too costly or require too much raw material to be feasible for lab-scale fiber spinning experiments. In this study a four-factor response surface design is presented to study the fiber spinning process in detail at the lab scale. The time, cost, and amount of raw material required to execute the proposed design are compared to the typical completely randomized 24 factorial design used in fiber spinning experiments and also to a standard four-factor response surface design. Sample fiber data as well as analysis from a typical statistical software package is provided to further demonstrate the differences between each design. By designating some treatment factors in the design as hard-to-change, split-plotting is used to reduce the time, cost, and amount of raw material required to complete the experiment. The proposed split-plot design is faster and less expensive than a typical factorial design and has the advantage of fitting a more complex second-order model to the system. When compared to a standard response surface design, the proposed split-plot design provides the same second-order modeling capabilities but reduces the cost of the experiment by 53%, the total time by 36%, and the amount of polymer required by 24%. Thus, a split-plot response surface design based on hard-to-change factors is recommended in lab-scale spinning.
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Yamada, José Tadao, Rafaela Simôes Espírito Viana, Ramona Rodrigues Santos, Cleginaldo Pereira De Carvalho, Maria da Glória Diniz De Almeida, José Glênio Medeiros De Barros, and Nilo Antonio de Souza Sampaio. "Use of factorial design with significant interaction and Tukey's Test in agricultural and environmental experiments." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 9815–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i6.2335.

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This study aimed to present one of the applications of complete factorial planning with significant interactions as well as Tukey's Test in the agricultural and environmental area. To achieve this objective, applied research of exploratory nature and quantitative approach was carried out. As method and technical procedures were adopted, respectively, the bibliographical research, the literature review, and a case study. As a contribution of this research, it is pointed out the use of this tool in other research fields, but mainly in the environmental area.
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Yamada, José Tadao, Rafaela Simôes Espírito Viana, Ramona Rodrigues Santos, Cleginaldo Pereira De Carvalho, Maria da Glória Diniz De Almeida, José Glênio Medeiros De Barros, and Nilo Antonio de Souza Sampaio. "Use of factorial design with significant interaction and Tukey's test in agricultural and environmental experiments." Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review) 14, no. 6 (June 26, 2023): 10512–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7769/gesec.v14i6.2390.

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This study aimed to present one of the applications of complete factorial planning with significant interactions as well as Tukey's Test in the agricultural and environmental area. To achieve this objective, applied research of exploratory nature and quantitative approach was carried out. As method and technical procedures were adopted, respectively, the bibliographical research, the literature review, and a case study. As a contribution of this research, it is pointed out the use of this tool in other research fields, but mainly in the environmental area.
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Ratanathavorn, W., S. Charoenjai, S. Janbuala, B. Chalermsinsuwan, and K. Poochinda. "Effects of Design Parameters for Clay Brick Kiln Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Design." Advanced Materials Research 1101 (April 2015): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1101.51.

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One of the most critical steps in brick making is firing, performed to harden the bricks. In a typical non-industrial setting, many pieces of extruded clays are stacked into a box-shaped kiln with equally-spaced rectangular vertical holes and another set of equally-spaced horizontal holes at the bottom across two sides. Roman roof tiles are used to cover the vertical sides, while leaving the horizontal holes opened, to complete the kiln assembly. Rice husk is filled in the holes of the kiln and is used as the fuel for firing. However, approximately 10% of the bricks, stacked conventionally, are always not appropriately fired. Therefore, this research aimed at simplifying model and redesigning the clay brick kiln using three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The studied parameters for 23 factorial designs were as follows: kiln height (200 – 225 cm), horizontal holes width (7.5 – 15 cm) and height (45 – 60 cm). The total volume of brick stack, averaged steady-state temperature and time to reach a steady-state temperature were selected as the response parameters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of 23 factorial design showed that the width and height of holes affected the time to reach steady-state but the averaged steady-state temperature and the total volume of brick stack were dependent on all 3 parameters. Then, a kiln was constructed according to the model with the maximum number of bricks and only 4% of the bricks were not appropriately fired.
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Leon, Rosmery Merma, Michele Georges Issa, Marcelo Dutra Duque, Josiane Souza Pereira Daniel, and Humberto Gomes Ferraz. "Development of a Discriminative Dissolution Method, Using In-Silico Tool for Hydrochlorothiazide and Valsartan Tablets." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061735.

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Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) and Valsartan (VAL) are poorly soluble drugs in BCS classes IV and II. This study aimed to develop a method to assess the dissolution profile of tablets containing HTZ (12.5 mg) and VAL (160 mg) as a fixed-dose combination, using in silico tools to evaluate products marketed in Brazil and Peru. Firstly, in vitro dissolution tests were performed using a fractional factorial design 33−1. Then, DDDPlus™ was used to carry out experimental design assays of a complete factorial design 33. Data from the first stage were used to obtain calibration constants for in silico simulations. The factors used in both designs were formulation, sinker use, and rotation speed. Finally, effects and factor interaction assessment was evaluated based on a statistical analysis of the dissolution efficiency (DE) obtained from simulations. Thus, the established final conditions of the dissolution method were 900 mL of phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 75 rpm of rotation speed, and sinker use to prevent formulation floating. The reference product stood out because of its higher DE than other formulations. It was concluded that the proposed method, in addition to ensuring total HTZ and VAL release from formulations, has adequate discriminative power.
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Birnbaum, Michael H. "Multiattribute judgment: Acceptance of a new COVID-19 vaccine as a function of price, risk, and effectiveness." Judgment and Decision Making 16, no. 5 (September 2021): 1155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s193029750000838x.

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AbstractThis paper illustrates how to apply the RECIPE design to evaluate multiattribute judgment, reporting an experiment in which participants judged intentions to receive a new vaccine against COVID-19. The attributes varied were Price of the vaccine, Risks of side effects as reported in trials, and Effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing COVID. The RECIPE design is a union of factorial designs in which each of three attributes is presented alone, in pairs with each of the other attributes, and in a complete factorial with all other information. Consistent with previous research with analogous judgment tasks, the additive and relative weight averaging models with constant weights could be rejected in favor of a configural weight averaging model in which the lowest-valued attribute receives additional weight. That is, people are unlikely to accept vaccination if Price is too high, Risk is too high, or Effectiveness is too low. The attribute with the greatest weight was Effectiveness, followed by Risk of side-effects, and Price carried the least weight.
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Velza, Jacob Frederick P., Donata L. Valler, John L. Loraña, Edwin L. Alcantara, and Roger Y. Ibañez. "Productivity and Profitability of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum M.) Production in Masbate Under Improved Nutrient Management with and without Mulching." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.01.04.

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Field trial on tomato production was conducted under two sources of fertilizer through integrated application with and without mulching material to measure the growth, productivity and profitability of the said crop in the province of Masbate. The study was laid in a two-factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design. Fertilizer treatments were tested in treatment of mulching (rice straw and control). The factorial treatment combinations were as follows: A1B1 - no fertilizer and without mulching; A2B1 - complete fertilizer without mulching; A3B1 - goat manure without mulching; A4B1 - complete fertilizer + goat manure without mulching; A1B2 - no fertilizer and with mulching; A2B2 - complete fertilizer with mulching; A3B2 - goat manure with mulching; A4B2 - complete fertilizer + goat manure with mulching. The study revealed that the treatment that exhibits higher growth (plant height and number of branches) and yield (38.41 t/ha.) is in the treatment under complete fertilizer + goat manure. The same treatment also obtained higher number of fruits (543) and higher number of marketable fruits (424) per treatment with significant difference. In terms of the fruit size, length and diameter of the tomato, complete fertilizer + goat manure shows dominant effect. Profitability showed significant difference between treatments were the complete fertilizer + goat manure, complete fertilizer, goat manure, and control got 1,334, 1,265.15, 517.51 and 52.20 respectively. Therefore, the integration of organic (goat manure) and synthetic fertilizer (Triple 14) will enhance the yield of the tomato in Masbate and it is highly profitable.
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Angriany, A. Muthiah Nur, Georgina Maria Tinungki, and Raupong Raupong. "Estimasi Komponen Variansi pada Rancangan Faktorial Acak Lengkap Menggunakan Metode Generalized Least Squares." Jurnal Matematika Statistika dan Komputasi 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jmsk.v15i2.5714.

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AbstractsExperiment design is a test or a row of test by using both statistical description and inference statistical. The aim of this test is to change an input to become an output as a respond of the experiment. In the experiment design, variance of factor A, B , AB error of variance are called as variant component. The aim of this study is to estimate variance component on complete random factorial design for fixed model and mixed model by using Generalized Least Squares (GLS)method, where GLS method as a development of Ordinary Least Square method. It used to be applied on data of complete random factorial design, namely like the influence to density pelleting food which is caused by increasing adhesive material and longtime in storage. The results show that there is no influence of increasing adhesive material to the density of pelleting food. In addition, there exist of diversity of longtime of storage and there exists a diversity interaction between adding adhesive material and long of time of storage to the density of pelleting food Keywords: Generalized Least Squares, variance component, complete random factorial design AbstrakPerancangan percobaan adalah suatu uji atau sederet uji baik itu menggunakan statistika deskripsi maupun statistika inferensi, yang bertujuan untuk mengubah peubah input menjadi suatu output yang merupakan respon dari percobaan tersebut. Dalam perancangan percobaan, variansi dari faktor A, variansi dari faktor B, variansi interaksi faktor AB, dan variansi galat disebut dengan komponen varian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi komponen variansi pada rancangan faktorial acak lengkap model tetap dan model campuran menggunakan metode Generalized Least Squares (GLS), dimana metode GLS adalah pengembangan dari metode Ordinary Least Square yang biasa digunakan untuk mengatasi asumsi homogenitas yang biasa dilanggar dalam perancangan percobaan. Metode tersebut diterapkan pada data rancangan faktorial acak lengkap yaitu pengaruh berat jenis pakan pellet dengan kombinasi perlakuan penambahan bahan perekat dan lama penyimpanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh penambahan bahan perekat terhadap berat jenis pakan pellet. Selain itu, terdapat keragaman faktor lama penyimpan dan terdapat keragaman interaksi antara faktor penambahan perekat dan lama penyimpanan terhadap berat jenis pakan pellet. Kata kunci: Generalized Least Squares, komponen variansi, rancangan faktorial acak lengkap
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E.I., Jaja, Etuk E.H., Iwundu M.P., and Amos E. "Robustness of Central Composite Design and Modified Central Composite Design to a Missing Observation for Non-Standard Models." African Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies 4, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajmss-c5nkoi81.

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Missing observations in an experimental design may lead to ambiguity in decision making thereby bringing an experiment to disrepute. Robustness, therefore, enables a process, not to break down in the presence of missing observations. This work constructed a modified central composite design (MCCD) from a four-variable central composite design (CCD) augmented with four center points using the leverage of a hat-matrix. The robustness of the CCD and MCCD were assessed when a design point is missing at the factorial, axial, and center points of the experiment, for a non-standard model, using the loss criterion, D-optimality, D-efficiency, and relative D-efficiency. When the designs are complete the MCCD shows higher D-efficiency and D-optimality for the non-standard model when compared to the CCD. In the absence of an observation from any of the designs, the CCD is found to be a more robust and efficient design compared to the MCCD as it has overall lower loss values at all the factors levels.
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Materia, Frank T., and Joshua M. Smyth. "Acceptability of Intervention Design Factors in mHealth Intervention Research: Experimental Factorial Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): e23303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23303.

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Background With the growing interest in mobile health (mHealth), behavioral medicine researchers are increasingly conducting intervention studies that use mobile technology (eg, to support healthy behavior change). Such studies’ scientific premises are often sound, yet there is a dearth of implementational data on which to base mHealth research methodologies. Notably, mHealth approaches must be designed to be acceptable to research participants to support meaningful engagement, but little empirical data about design factors influencing acceptability in such studies exist. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of two common design factors in mHealth intervention research—requiring multiple devices (eg, a study smartphone and wrist sensor) relative to requiring a single device and providing individually tailored feedback as opposed to generic content—on reported participant acceptability. Methods A diverse US adult convenience sample (female: 104/255, 40.8%; White: 208/255, 81.6%; aged 18-74 years) was recruited to complete a web-based experiment. A 2×2 factorial design (number of devices×nature of feedback) was used. A learning module explaining the necessary concepts (eg, behavior change interventions, acceptability, and tailored content) was presented, followed by four vignettes (representing each factorial cell) that were presented to participants in a random order. The vignettes each described a hypothetical mHealth intervention study featuring different combinations of the two design factors (requiring a single device vs multiple devices and providing tailored vs generic content). Participants rated acceptability dimensions (interest, benefit, enjoyment, utility, confidence, difficulty, and overall likelihood of participating) for each study presented. Results Reported interest, benefit, enjoyment, confidence in completing study requirements, and perceived utility were each significantly higher for studies featuring tailored (vs generic) content, and the overall estimate of the likelihood of participation was significantly higher. Ratings of interest, benefit, and perceived utility were significantly higher for studies requiring multiple devices (vs a single device); however, multiple device studies also had significantly lower ratings of confidence in completing study requirements, and participation was seen as more difficult and was associated with a lower estimated likelihood of participation. The two factors did not exhibit any evidence of statistical interactions in any of the outcomes tested. Conclusions The results suggest that potential research participants are sensitive to mHealth design factors. These mHealth intervention design factors may be important for initial perceptions of acceptability (in research or clinical settings). This, in turn, may be associated with participant (eg, self) selection processes, differential compliance with study or treatment processes, or retention over time.
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Yang, Hui, Rong Qiang Liu, Hong Wei Guo, and Jian Guo Tao. "Design Optimization of Opposite Tape-Spring Flexure Hinges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.99.

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An optimal design method for the qusai-static folding and deployment of opposite tape-spring flexure (OTSF) hinges is presented based on the response surface method. The full factorial method is employed to design of experiments, and the qusai-static folding and deployment nonlinear analysis is obtained by ABAQUS/Explicit slover. The surrogate models of the OTSF flexure hinge are derived by the response surface method. Considering lightweight and high stability, the peak moment of quasi-static folding and deployment, and maximum Mises stress in complete folding configuration as well as mass are set as the objectives to get the optimal performances. The modified NSGA-II is used to seek for an optimal design. The relative errors of the objectives between the optimal design and the FE analysis results are less than 3.5%.
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Rodrigues, J. A. D., E. C. V. Toledo, and R. Maciel Filho. "A tuned approach of the predictive–adaptive GPC controller applied to a fed-batch bioreactor using complete factorial design." Computers & Chemical Engineering 26, no. 10 (October 2002): 1493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(02)00099-6.

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EDMONDSON, R. N. "Trojan square and incomplete Trojan square designs for crop research." Journal of Agricultural Science 131, no. 2 (September 1998): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185969800567x.

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Latin square and near-Latin square designs are valuable row-and-column designs for crop research but the practical size range of such designs is severely limited. Semi-Latin square designs extend this range but not all semi-Latin squares are suitable for experimental designs. Trojan square designs are a special class of optimal semi-Latin squares that generalizes the class of Latin square designs. The construction of Trojan squares both for unstructured and for factorial treatment sets is discussed and the utility of Trojan square designs for practical crop research is demonstrated. The corpus of available designs is further extended by a discussion of incomplete Trojan square designs obtained by omitting one main row or one main column from a complete Trojan square design. Some advantages of Trojan square and incomplete Trojan square designs for crop research are discussed and some suggestions for further design research are made.
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Sandberg, Fredrik, Kevin T. Soltwedel, Steve J. England, and Megan R. Bible. "PSVI-1 Evaluating the effects of feed form, with and without a nutritional water supplement, on the performance of piglets raised in a commercial research facility without feed grade antibiotics." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.360.

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Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine whether feed form and water supplementation could jointly affect performance of newly weaned piglets. A total of 1319 PIC 359 piglets were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments and 2 water treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design. The diet was either a crumbled pellet (COMPLETE), or a diet formulated using the same crumbled pellet as 70% of the diet together with other ingredients, in meal form, to make an isonitrogenous ration (PARTIAL). No feed grade antibiotics were used and from d 21 all pigs received a common diet. Water treatments were straight water (WATER) or a probiotic nutritional supplement (Furst Water Boost, FWB) that was administered at 16 oz per gallon of stock solution for the first 2 and ½ days post-arrival, metered at 1:128. Pigs were allocated by environment, sex and BW with 33 pigs per pen and 10 replications per treatment. Pens of pigs were weighed and feed disappearance was recorded on d 0, 21, 41, and 54 and used to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Dead (% mortality) and pulled (% morbidity) pigs were recorded. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with a randomized complete block design of 2×2 factorial arrangement. Pen served as the experimental unit. There were no diet by water interactions for any measurement. COMPLETE x FWB had the numerically highest ADG and 54-d BW. Overall COMPLETE increased BW, ADG and G:F (P < 0.01) and FWB tended (P < 0.10) to increase BW and increased ADG (P < 0.05) with no effect on G:F. From d 21-41 COMPLETE improved ADG (P = 0.0021) and FWB tended to improve ADG (P = 0.067). In conclusion, effects on piglet performance by diet form and water supplementation were found to be additive, with no interactions.
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Ba, Kalidou, Alpha Ousmane Toure, El Hadji Moussa Diop, Falilou Mbacke Sambe, and Codou Guéye Mar Diop. "Modelling and Optimizing the Removal of Methylene Blue by a Mixture of Titaniferous Sand and Attapulgite Using Complete Factorial Design." European Scientific Journal ESJ 17, no. 40 (November 30, 2021): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n40p88.

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This paper focuses on the removal of methylene blue by adsorption using a mixture of titaniferous sand and attapulgite. The different adsorbents were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and their different parameters such as pH, zero charge potential, and specific surface area were determined. The experiments performed were optimized and modeled by a full 2-level and 4-factor design. The four factors are the ratio of titaniferous sand and attapulgite, the concentration of methylene blue, pH, and time. These vary from 4 to 19, 20 to 100 mg/L, 2 to 9, and 30 to 150 min respectively. The study of the effects of the different factors showed that the effect of methylene blue concentration and pH significantly influence the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the dye. The optimum parameters (adsorbent ratio, adsorbate concentration, pH and time) obtained for the adsorption capacity through the desirability function are: 19, 100mg/L, 9 and 150min. Those obtained for the yield are: 4, 100mg/L, 9, 150min. The pseudo second order adsorption kinetics gave an equilibrium adsorption capacity qe (calculated) = 7.6863 mg/g which is almost equal to that obtained experimentally qe (exp) = 7.3562 mg/g. This shows that the pseudo second order kinetic model is the adequate mathematical model to describe the methylene blue adsorption phenomenon on the mixture of titaniferous sand and attapulgite. The thermodynamic study showed that the methylene blue adsorption reaction is exothermic, non-spontaneous, and the degree of disorder of the particles at the adsorbing surface decreases.
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Romano, Pietro, Ionela Birloaga, and Francesco Vegliò. "Recovery of Platinum and Palladium from Spent Automotive Catalysts: Study of a New Leaching System Using a Complete Factorial Design." Minerals 13, no. 4 (March 28, 2023): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13040479.

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The recovery of materials and energy from end-of-life products is increasingly a fundamental factor in the sustainable development of various countries. Recovering metals from different types of waste is not only a practice in support of the environment, but is also a profitable economic activity. For this reason, exhausted automotive catalysts can become renewable sources of critical raw materials such as Pt, Pd, and Rh. However, recovering Pt and Pd from spent catalysts through an efficient, economical, and green method remains a challenge. This article presents a new leaching process for the hydrometallurgical recovery of Pt and Pd from exhausted automotive catalysts. The leaching solution consists of an aqueous mixture of hydrochloric acid, two organic acids (citric acid and acetic acid) and hydrogen peroxide. A complete factorial plan on two levels (2k) was performed in order to evaluate the main effects of the analyzed factors and their interactions. The factors that were presumed to be the most influential on the leaching of Pt and Pd were the concentrations of the different reagents and the reaction time. The optimal circumstances for achieving the largest recovery (over 80% Pt and 100% Pd) were achieved using the following conditions: a concentration of HCl of 5 M, a concentration of H2O2 of 10% wt./vol., a concentration of C2H4O2 of 10%vol./vol., and a reaction time of 3 h.
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Arefae, Humam, Waill Jasim, and Emad Al-qaisy. "Heterosis of yield and its components of maize (Zea mays L.) using factorial mating design." Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.19.3.7.

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In this study, ten pure maize strains were introduced in the hybridization program according to the factorial design mating system proposed by Comstock and Robinson (1948 and 1952) and were divided into two groups: a local adapted inbred lines and strain 839 and cv 890 used as parents, (ZM51L, ZP-301, OH, IK-58, IK-8, SH, R-153) were used as females, The seeds of the ten parents and twenty-one hybrids were swon in the field of a farmer in the Zlaya area (south of Tikrit) using a random complete block design with three replicates ( RCBD ). The hybrid vigor was studied in methods (on the basis of the first generation deviation of the average and the best parents) The number of rows in per ear, the number of grains in the row, the number of grains in per ear, the weight of 300 weight and the single plant yield. The results showed significant differences between genotypes (parents and first-generation genotypes) of all characters except the number of ears in the plant at a probability level of 1%. the hybris superior (IK-58 x local strain), (ZP-301 x 839)(IK-58 x 839), (ZM51L x C.V890) and (OH x CV 890) were based on the deviation of the average first generation from the average parents And the best parents of all characters studied.
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Buijtenen, J. P. van, and R. D. Burdon. "Expected efficiencies of mating designs for advanced-generation selection." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-218.

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Expected efficiencies of regular hierarchical, factorial, and diallel crossing designs were compared for selection of individual offspring within progeny plantings. Variations of the diallels and factorials included partial designs, use of disconnected subsets, and in factorials, unbalanced numbers between classes of parent. Calculations were done for a single trait, adapting the within- and between-family selection index of Osborne, with fixed numbers of parents (100) and total offspring (10 000). For each design type, variable numbers of crosses per parent and variable genetic parameters (heritability and level of specific combining ability) were considered. A combination of polycross and pair-cross designs was also evaluated, with alternative assumptions concerning nongenetic variance within pair-cross plantings and the number of trees that could be planted per pair cross with fixed resources. Estimated efficiencies of different designs are considered in relation to total crosses per parent, with an illustration of the contribution of different effects. Hierarchical crosses were generally inefficient, except near the limiting case of single-pair crosses; though with large specific combining ability effects, there was an efficiency optimum with several females (common parents) per male (rare parents). Polycrosses were always markedly suboptimal. Among other types of designs, efficiencies were almost identical, except with only a few crosses per parent. In that case, partial designs tended to be marginally less efficient than complete ones and diallels were marginally behind factorials. Disconnection had very little effect, provided sets could be cross-referenced. Moderate imbalance in factorials had little impact on the expected additive genetic gain. Single-pair crosses showed a slight but definite optimum, unless specific combining ability was appreciable. The combination of designs was favored by relatively large specific combining ability effects, high heritability, and cost reductions per tree in planting unreplicated pair-cross family blocks. It is potentially efficient.
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Badarisman, A. H., K. Abdul Hamid, H. Ideris, M. Abu Bakar, and A. Jalar. "Effects of molding temperature on delamination of small outline transistor (SOT)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2169, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2169/1/012035.

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Abstract Delamination of small outline transistor (SOT) package has been a challenge to ensure good package reliability. Molding process parameter optimization is a practical & cost-effective alternative to reduce delamination of the plastic package. First, selective molding parameters, namely, molding temperature, transfer speed, transfer pressure & pre-heat temperature was varied in a full factorial experiment to determine the significance of each factor. It is observed from the complete factorial analysis that molding temperature was the most significant factor concerning delamination. Next, one factor at a time (OFAT) experimental design was conducted to confirm moulding temperature’s repeatability. Molding temperature was identified as a significant factor on determining the delamination response of SOT packages. Lowering mold temperature resulting to lower percentage of delamination however proven to have an adverse on package curing density.
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Dewi, Anggi Derma Tungga, Bambang Suhartanto, Andriyani Astuti, and Dian Astuti. "The Effect of Sorghum Varieties (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) and Protein Levels on Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Fermented Complete Feed." Key Engineering Materials 884 (May 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.171.

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This research aimed to determine the effect of sorghum varieties and protein levels on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of fermented complete feed. The data were analysed by complete random design of 2 x 3 factorial patterns; two varieties sorghum forage, namely BMR and Super-2, were used to formulate complete feed with 3 different protein levels, 8; 9.5; and 11%. Complete feed was fermented for 3 days, each of them were carried out by 3 replications. Fermented complete feed samples were analyzed for the chemical composition include dry matter (DM) content, organic matter (OM), crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), and in vitro digestibility i.e., DM, OM, and CF. Fermented complete feed of BMR variety has better chemical composition and digestibility value of CP than Super-2 variety, but it gives the same result to the digestibility of DM and OM. Fermented complete feed at 11% CP level has the best chemical composition and digestibility value. The 11% of CP was the best level to formulate sorghum forage fermented complete feed.
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Da Rosa, Patricia Pinto, Bianca Pio Ávila, Rudolf Brand Scheibler, Alexsandro Bahr Kröning, Janaína Sauthier, Guilherme Henrique Scheffler, Jorge Schafhauser Junior, and Otoniel Geter Lauz Ferreira. "Productivity and nutritional value of elephant grass BRS Kurumi subjected to different proportions of defoliation." Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 29, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36812/pag.202329116-31.

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The objective of this paper was to evaluate productivity, nutritional value of forage and tillering of elephant grass cv. BRS Kurumi under different pre-defoliation and post-defoliation canopy heights (residual height). The experimental design consisted in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. Treatments corresponded to the factorial combination of two pre‐defoliation heights (60 and 80 cm) and three post-defoliation residue heights (10, 25 and 40 cm), combined in factorial design 2 x 3, being, respectively, 60 x 10 cm; 60 x 25 cm; 60 x 40 cm; 80 x 10 cm; 80 x 25 cm; 80 x 40 cm. Productive, bromatological, carbohydrate fractionation and in situ degradability characteristics were evaluated. Results indicated that if the objective is to seek short intervals between grazing, associated with higher forage quality, the 60 x 25, 60 x 40 and 80 x 40 managements are the most indicated ones. For maximum forage productivity, 80 x 10 and 80 x 25 are the most recommended ones. For tillering, a canopy height management of 80 cm is preferred, with 80 x 25 for aerial tillers and 80 x 40 for basal tillers.
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Macagnan, Karine Laste, Mariane Igansi Alves, Amanda Ávila Rodrigues, Lígia Furlan, Rosane da Silva Rodrigues, Patrícia Diaz de Oliveira, Claire Tondo Vendruscolo, and Angelita da Silveira Moreira. "Complete factorial design to adjust pH and sugar concentrations in the inoculum phase of Ralstonia solanacearum to optimize P(3HB) production." PLOS ONE 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2017): e0180563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180563.

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KHOSHKHARAM, Mehdi, Mohamad H. SHAHRAJABIAN, and Mehrdad ESFANDIARY. "The effects of methanol and amino acid glycine betaine on qualitative characteristics and yield of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 13, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 10949. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb13210949.

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In order to investigate the effects of methanol and glycine betaine application on quality traits and yield of different fodder beet cultivars, the experiment was performed as a combined split-factorial design based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications in two years in Isfahan, Iran. The concentrations of methanol in 3 levels (control, 15 and 30% v/v methanol) were considered as the first treatment, the concentrations of glycine betaine in 2 levels (control and 4 g per liter) as the second treatment and different cultivars (‘Sentinel’, ‘Drafter’, ‘Rivolta’, ‘Elanta’, ‘Rasta’, and ‘Qualita’) were considered as the factorial. Foliar spraying was performed at three intervals every two weeks. The results showed that the methanol spraying affected on root yield, sugar, potassium and sodium content, catalase enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase, rubisco, and malondialdehyde significantly. Glycine betaine foliar application showed significant differences in root yield, sugar, potassium and sodium content, enzyme catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, rubisco, and malondialdehyde. Based on the results, the utilization of methanol and glycine betaine caused quality improvement of the sugar beet under similar conditions of the present experiment.
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Toledo, L. A. Bravo, S. A. Castelo Vega, D. E. Apeña Milla, A. Borda Contreras, C. O. Tome Ramos, J. A. Montaño Pisfil, B. C. L. Montaño Miranda, and R. E. Solís Farfán. "Immobilization of Lead by Phosphated Biochar Produced from Fish Farming Sludge and Sewage Sludge in a Contaminated Urban Soil." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 1347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1713.

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An evaluation was conducted on the application of phosphate biochar produced from Sewage Sludge (SS) of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for lead immobilization in contaminated soils of the Human Settlement (HS) Virgin of Guadalupe, in the district of Mi Peru. Biochar was generated by a slow pyrolysis process at 500°C. The biochar was dosed at 10% biochar/soil on lead-contaminated soil, and the factors studied were the type of biochar and time of application. A complete factorial design was performed, and the data were processed using Design Expert v11 software. The results showed that the maximum lead immobilization was 50.83% for BSS for 20 days at a dose of 10% biochar/soil. According to the factorial model, an R² of 0.85, an adjusted R² of 0.83, an F-value of 79.64, and p-values lower than 0.05 (95%) were obtained, indicating that the factor (F2) of application time is significant for the treatment. It was concluded that both types of sludge have the potential for lead immobilization in contaminated soil, and the application time is significant for lead immobilization.
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Krishnam Raju, Kovoru, Beeravelli Sudhakar, and Kolapalli Venkata Ramana Murthy. "Factorial Design Studies and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Simvastatin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improving the Oral Bioavailability." ISRN Nanotechnology 2014 (February 13, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/951016.

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Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, which lower the cholesterol level through reversible and competitive inhibition; they are involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and other sterols. Simvastatin exhibits poor oral bioavailability (<5%) and undergoes extensive microsomal metabolism by CYP enzymes. CYP3A4 is the major metabolizing enzyme that metabolizes lactone form of simvastatin and significantly lowers intestinal uptake. The hydrophobic properties of simvastatin prevent complete dissolution of the drug in the intestinal fluid which also contributes to its lower bioavailability. SLNs are alternative carrier system to polymeric nanoparticles. SLNs are in submicron size range (1–1000 nm). To overcome the hepatic first pass metabolism and to enhance the bioavailability, intestinal lymphatic transport of drugs can be exploited. In the present study, attempt has been made to prepare solid lipid nanoparticles of simvastatin to improve the bioavailability. SLNs of simvastatin were prepared with Trimyristin by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication method. The SLNs were characterized for various physicochemical properties and analytical techniques like PXRD, DSC to study thermal nature and morphology of formulation and excipients. Promising results of the study indicated the applicability of simvastatin solid lipid nanoparticles as potential tools for improvement of bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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GHANI, Askar, Seyyed Hossein NEAMATI, Majid AZIZI, Mohammad Jamal SAHARKHIZ, and Mohammad FARSI. "Artificial Autotetraploidy Induction Possibility of Two Iranian Endemic Mint (Mentha mozaffarianii) Ecotypes." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb629129.

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The present study was conducted to polyploidy possibility induction of two Iranian endemic mint (Mentha mozaffarianii) ecotypes. For this purpose, three experiments were done. The first experiment was factorial, based on completely randomized design with three factors and three replications that rhizomes were used for treatment. The first factor including different colchicine concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% that 0 as control). The second factor including two Mentha ecotypes (Ecotype A: Kamarej region and Ecotype B: Pirmohlat region) and the third factors consist of two soaking time (6 h and 12 h). In second experiment, apical meristem was treated. The factorial experiment based on randomized completely design with two factors and five replications. The factors including different colchicine concentrations (0, 0.035, 0.07, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.7%) and two ecotypes. In the third experiment, colchicine as combined with irrigation was applied. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in randomized complete design with two factors (colchicine concentrations: 0, 0.025, 0.012, 0.006% and two mint ecotypes) and three replications was conducted. At the end of all experiments, survival rate and tetraploidy percentage (by morphological change, stomata traits, flow cytometry and chromosome counts) were measured. The results showed that different treatment had significant effects on survival percent on all experiments and increasing of colchicine concentration caused decreasing plants survival. On the other hand, tetraploidy changes only in the first experiments were observed. Only in 0.025% colchicine treatment with 6 h soaking time on ecotype A, 12.66% tetraploidy was identified. Totally, it is seems that Mentha mozaffarianiihardly response to colchicine for tetraploidy induction.
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Yang, Hui, Rong Qiang Liu, Yan Wang, and Jian Guo Tao. "Parameter Study of Opposite Tape-Spring Flexure Hinge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 721 (December 2014): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.721.118.

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Parameter study for the qusai-static folding and deployment of opposite tape-spring flexure (OTSF) hinges is presented. The full factorial method is employed to design of experiments, and the qusai-static folding and deployment nonlinear analysis is obtained by ABAQUS/Explicit solver. Parametric studies show that both the section radius and the central angle have significant effects to the peak moment of quasi-static folding and deployment of the OTSF hinges. However, the maximum Mises stress in complete folding configuration is more sensitive to the central angle than the section radius.
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Odoom, Daniel Asomning, Joseph Xorse Kugbe, Israel Kwame Dzomeku, Albert Berdjour, Dennis Owusu Boateng, Richard Naabe Yaro, Prince Wireko, Ebenezer Kofi Sam, and Philip Ghanney. "Impact of Production Inputs and Timing on Crackness of Rice in Northern Ghana." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9982911.

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Under rain-fed conditions, perfumed rice production in Northern Ghana is associated with high paddy cracking during milling. In this study, 4 perfumed rice varieties, 6 staggered planting times, 6 staggered harvesting cycles, and staggered storage duration from harvest to six months of storage were used in a randomized complete block design to identify the best combination of factors that are associated with low cracking in rice production. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three geographically distinct locations serving as replicates. Grain moisture and paddy crackness were determined. The results indicated a mixed factorial interaction for all measured variables. Early planting, early harvesting, and short storage duration reduced paddy cracking compared to late treatments ( P < 0.05 ). For all treatment combinations, milling within two weeks after harvesting was associated with lower cracking as long as the harvesting cycle did not exceed the fourth cycle. After the second month of storage, percentage cracking was high, approaching 90% in most cases.
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Paredes, Juan, Cesar Arroba, Alvaro Machado, and Willan Castillo. "Mechanical Properties Optimization of the Elastomeric Matrix Reinforced Composite Material with Cabuya Fiber, Using the DOE/Complete Factorial Design and Desirability Function." Key Engineering Materials 872 (January 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.872.45.

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The development of green composites to obtain scientific, technological and industrial application benefits, and evaluate different mechanical properties of those materials; as well as the great growth and the global market demand being considered as lightly and low manufacture cost materials, that has mechanical and physical properties equal or higher that will replace the materials that are traditionally seen in industry. Applying an analysis based in the experiments design (DOE) plus experimental essays, a mechanical characterization of composite material latex reinforced with short cabuya fiber was performed with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex - 80% cabuya fiber, 30% latex-70% cabuya fiber, 45% latex – 55% cabuya fiber; for the different combinations. Of the essays that were performed it was determined the test tubes that show better results in its mechanical properties through the UNE Norm (Tensil UNE - ISO 37, Compression UNE - ISO 7743, Strength UNE - ISO 48). With the analysis developed by the statistical methodology based on the complete general factorial design and the desirability function it was able to determine the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material that will be used, was the composite formed by fiber with 1 centimeter of length and a volumetric fraction of 20% Latex – 80% Cabuya.
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Paredes, Juan, Cesar Arroba, Alvaro Machado, and Willan Castillo. "Mechanical Properties Optimization of the Elastomeric Matrix Reinforced Composite Material with Cabuya Fiber, Using the DOE/Complete Factorial Design and Desirability Function." Key Engineering Materials 872 (January 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.872.45.

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The development of green composites to obtain scientific, technological and industrial application benefits, and evaluate different mechanical properties of those materials; as well as the great growth and the global market demand being considered as lightly and low manufacture cost materials, that has mechanical and physical properties equal or higher that will replace the materials that are traditionally seen in industry. Applying an analysis based in the experiments design (DOE) plus experimental essays, a mechanical characterization of composite material latex reinforced with short cabuya fiber was performed with random orientation and volumetric fractions of 20% latex - 80% cabuya fiber, 30% latex-70% cabuya fiber, 45% latex – 55% cabuya fiber; for the different combinations. Of the essays that were performed it was determined the test tubes that show better results in its mechanical properties through the UNE Norm (Tensil UNE - ISO 37, Compression UNE - ISO 7743, Strength UNE - ISO 48). With the analysis developed by the statistical methodology based on the complete general factorial design and the desirability function it was able to determine the best mechanical characteristics of the composite material that will be used, was the composite formed by fiber with 1 centimeter of length and a volumetric fraction of 20% Latex – 80% Cabuya.
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Tarigan, E., Yunilas, N. Ginting, and N. Saidi. "Bioactivator Based On Organic Waste for Maggot Media Fermentation." Jurnal Peternakan Integratif 10, no. 3 (December 7, 2022): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jpi.v10i3.9620.

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This study aims to determine the quality of local microorganisms (MOL) based on waste used as a bio activator of maggot fermentation media. The research design used was a 4x3 factorial randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The factor I was various organic wastes (D1 = vegetable waste, D2 = fruit waste, D3 = food processing waste, D4 ​​= mixed waste and Factor II was old fermentation (L1 = 7 days, L2 = 14 days, L4 = 21 days), the variables observed were pH, Colour, aroma, microbial population, and total acid. Acidic and very acidic, obtained a pH in the range of 5.4 - 6.7, obtained a complete microbial range of 11.36 x 105 - 2.18 x 106, and obtained a total acid range of 2.21 - 3.15. Conclusion:
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Mardalena, Mardalena. "Pengaruh Waktu Pemerahan dan Tingkat Laktasi terhadap Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah Peranakan Fries Holstein." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiiip.v11i3.741.

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This study intended to know the difference of milk quality result of pressing out of evening and morning at level of lactation (I, II and III) of Fries Holstein dairy cattle. Experimental design used in this experiment was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial 2x3 Pattern by 10 times replication. The result indicated that quality of milk at pressing out of morning were fat rate (3,17%), dry materials rate ( 12,206%) and protein rate ( 3,583%)was lower than pressing out of evening which were fat rate ( 3,69%), dry materials rate ( 12,527%) and protein rate ( 3,613%). Conclusion of this research was the quality of milk when pressing out morning lower than evening. Level of lactation didn’t influence the quality of milk.
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Beringer, Dennis B., and Kelene A. Fercho. "The Use of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) for Low-visibility Takeoffs in Part 121 Operations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641048.

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Twelve Part 121 operations commercial-carrier crews completed low-visibility takeoffs at Memphis International Airport using an Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS). A 2x2x2x3 factorial design with runway visual range (RVR; 500 and 700 feet), runway edge lighting (high intensity or medium intensity) and two levels of EFVS (either captain’s head-up display only or with additional first officer’s head-down repeater) was used along with supplemental sample points and several baseline trials representing current-authorization conditions. Tasks included normal takeoffs, EFVS failure (both continue and reject trials), and engine failure (reject). There were no significant main effects of display or infrastructure in the main design (500, 700 RVR), and pilot performances in the experimental trials with EFVS were not markedly different from the baseline (current authorization) trials. All crews were able to stop the aircraft successfully on the runway during rejected takeoffs. Pilots uniformly believed they could successfully complete takeoffs or reject them in lower visibilities with EFVS as compared with using the head-up display without EFVS, which was sup-ported by observed performance.
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46

Widyastuti, Titiek, and Insan Wijaya. "Pemberian Urine Sapi dan Penentuan Dosis Pupuk N Pada Tanaman Ketimun (Cucumis Sativus, L.)." PLANTA TROPIKA: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) 1, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/pt.v1i1.3104.

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An experiment to study the effect of cow urine applications and dosage of N fertilizer was conducted in Bondowoso, from February to April 2002. A factorial experiment consisted of two factors and the whole treatments were arranged in 3x4 factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The first factor was urine of Cow, consist of U0 = control, U1= 20%, U = 40%. The second factor was dosage of N fertilizer, consist of N1 = 0 kg/ha, N2 = 150 kg/ha, N3 = 300 kg/ha, N4 = 450 kg/ha. The effect of treatments on growth and yield of cucumber were observed. The result showed that there was no interaction between cow urine application and dosage of N fertilizer, except to the fruit diameter. Cow urine application significantly improved the yield of Cucumber, and the 40% application gave the best fruits weight. Dosage of N fertilizer significantly increased the growth and yield of cucumber, and the 450 kg N-fertilizer/ha had the better effects.
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47

Najjari, Sara, Mohammadjavad Seghatoleslami, and Gholamreza Mousavi. "The Effect of Drought Stress, Salicylic Acid and Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Forage Maize." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 6 (September 26, 2015): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i6.12741.

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The effect of salicylic acid (SA) and nitrogen fertilization on forage maize was studied under drought stress in Nehbandan, Iran in 2014. It was a factorial split-plot experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main plot was devoted to irrigation intervals. The sub-plot was factorial of two factors (nitrogen and SA). It was found that deficit irrigationdeclined quantitative yield of maize. Nitrogen fertilization improved forage yield. Fresh and dry forage yield was 65.88 and 665.32% lower under 16-day irrigation interval than under 8-day irrigation interval, respectively. SA application enhanced dry forage yield by 7.06 and 10.35% under 8 and 16-day irrigation intervals, respectively. In total, it was revealed that the concurrent application of SA and N resulted in greater increase in fresh and dry forage yield, which was mostly via the increase in leaf stem weight, as compared to their sole applications.
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48

Peasura, Prachya. "The Influence of Welding Parameters on Effected the Complete for Resistance Spot Welding on Mild Steel." Advanced Materials Research 214 (February 2011): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.214.113.

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This research was study the effect of resistance spot welding process on physical properties. The specimen was mild steel sheet metal. The experiments with full factorial design. The factors used in this study are welding current, welding time and electrode force. The welded specimens were tested by tensile shear testing according to JIS Z 3136: 1999 and macro structure testing according to JIS Z 3139: 1978. The result showed that both of welding current, welding time and electrode force had interaction on tensile shear and nugget size at 95% confidential (P value < 0.05). Factors affecting the tensile shear and nugget size are the most welding current 10,000 amp., welding time 10 cycle and electrode force 1 kN. were tensile shear 7.13 kN. and nugget size maximum 6.75 mm. This research can bring information to the foundation in choosing the appropriate parameters to resistance spot welding process.
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49

Izuogu, N. B., H. S. Baba, and E. O. Winjobi. "Assessment of bio-agent (Trichoderma Harzianum) in the management of two pepper varieties infected with root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne Incognita)." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Agriculture and Environment 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausae-2019-0002.

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Abstract Two field trials were carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ilorin in the 2012 and 2014 planting seasons to find out the effeciency of Trichoderma harzianum as a bio-control agent in controlling root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in two pepper varieties (F1 Nikita and Gianfranco Fuscello). A 2 × 2 factorial design fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with 5 replications. The T. harzianum filtrate significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, and yield. The control showed higher root galling and soil nematode population. Varietal differences showed that F1 Nikita performed significantly better than G. Fuscello. The combination of Trichoderma and F1 Nikita appears effective for managing root-knot nematodes.
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Franco, Hélio Henrique Soares, Alvaro Pires da Silva, Cássio Antonio Tormena, Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira, Márcio Renato Nunes, Renato Paiva de Lima, and Paulo Leonel Libardi. "Porous cup shape and installation mode influencing determinations of matric potential by tensiometers." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017001200019.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the measurement accuracy of the soil water matric potential (ψm) by puncture tensiometers with either rounded or pointed porous cups, installed with or without “soil mud”, and to compare the performance of these tensiometers with that of tensiometers equipped with mercury manometers. The experiment was conducted in a Ultisol, in a randomized complete block design, in a factorial arrangement with five replicates. Puncture tensiometers with rounded porous cups, installed with “soil mud”, present more elevated accuracy for ψm determination in a wider measurement range, resembling tensiometers equipped with mercury manometers in drying soil.
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