Dissertations / Theses: 'Complementary medicines'

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Braun, Lesley Anne, and lgbraun@bigpond net au. "Complementary Medicines in Hospitals - a Focus on Surgical Patients and Safety." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080414.115624.

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This study aimed to determine how CMs used by surgical patients are managed in the hospital system by doctors and pharmacists and what patient and practitioner influences affect this management. Research design and method Five systematic reviews were conducted to investigate the peer-reviewed literature for information about Australians use of CM; overseas and Australian doctors and CM; surgical patients use of CM and safety information about CMs in surgery as a basis to design and conduct three surveys. Surveys of hospital doctors, pharmacists and surgical patients were used to obtain measurement of people's attitudes, perceptions, behaviours and usage of CMs. For healthcare practitioners, knowledge of complementary medicines (CMs), past training, current practice and interest in future practice of complementary therapies (CTs) and education was also investigated. Approximately 50% of surgical patients reported taking CMs in the 2 weeks prior to surgery and approximately 50% of these patients intended to continue use in hospital. The most commonly used CMs were: fish oil supplements, multivitamins, vitamin C and glucosamine supplements as well as some CMs considered to potentially increase bleeding risk or induce drug interactions. It was not uncommon for CMs to be used at the same time as prescription medicines. Most surgical patients in general self-prescribe their CMs or have them recommended by family and friends whereas medical practitioners were the main prescribers to cardiac surgery patients. Nearly 60% of patients using CMs in the 2 weeks prior to admission did not tell hospital staff about use. The main reason for non-disclosure was not being asked about use whereas fear of a negative response was rarely a concern. The most common sources of information surgery patients refer to were GPs, pharmacists and health food stores. Hospital doctors and pharmacists did not routinely refer to information sources about CMs safety. The majority of doctors and pharmacists did not routinely ask patients about CMs, or record usage information. They had little training and knowledge of the evidence of commonly used CMs and lacked confidence in dealing with CMs-related issues. Their attitude to CMs is moderately negative and many are wary of safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness issues. The majority of practitioners considered some CTs as potentially useful, particularly acupuncture, massage and meditation whereas the medicinal CTs and chiropractic were considered potentially harmful. Most practitioners were interested in future education about CMs and CTs and some would consider practising CTs. Personal usage of CTs was low although there was substantial interest in receiving future treatment. Despite many strategically orientated initiatives developed in Australia to promote evidence based medicine (EBM) and quality use of medicines (QUM), it appears that CMs have been largely ignored and overlooked in the practice of Medicine and Pharmacy within the hospital system. Furthermore, it appears that in regards to CMs a 'don't ask, don't tell, don't know' culture exists within hospitals and that evidence based patient-centred care and concordance is not being achieved and potentially patient safety and wellbeing is being compromised.

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Patnala, Satya Siva Rama Ranganath Srinivas. "Pharmaceutical analysis and quality of complementary medicines : sceletium and associated products." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018263.

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There has been an upsurge in the use of Complementary and Alternate Medicines (CAMs) in both developed and developing countries. Although herbal medicines have been in use for many centuries, their quality, safety and efficacy are still of major concern. Many countries are in the process of integrating CAMs into conventional health care systems based on the knowledge and use of traditional medicines. The quality control (QC) of herbal products usually presents a formidable analytical challenge in view of the complexity of the constituents in plant material and the commercial non-availability of appropriate qualified reference standards. Sceletium, a genus belonging to the family Aizoaceae, has been reported to contain psychoactive alkaloids, specifically mesembrine, mesembrenone, mesembrenol and some other related alkaloids. Sceletium is marketed as dried plant powder and as phyto-pharmaceutical dosage forms. Sceletium products and plant material marketed through health shops and on the internet are associated with unjustified claims of specific therapeutic efficacy and may be of dubious quality. Validated analytical methods to estimate Sceletium alkaloids have not previously been reported in the scientific literature and the available methods have focused only on qualitative estimation. Furthermore, since appropriate markers were not commercially available for use as reference standards, a primary objective of this study was to isolate relevant compounds, qualify them as reference standards which could be applied to develop appropriate validated qualitative and quantitative analytical methods for fingerprinting and assay of Sceletium plant material and dosage forms. The alkaloidal markers mesembrine, mesembrenone and ∆⁷ mesembrenone were isolated by solvent extraction and chromatography from dried plant material. Mesembranol and epimesembranol were synthesised by hydrogenation of the isolated mesembrine using the catalyst platinum (IV) oxide and then further purified by semi-preparative column chromatography. All compounds were subjected to analysis by ¹H, ¹³C, 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Mesembrine was converted to hydrochloride crystals and mesembranol was isolated as crystals from the hydrogenation reaction mass. These compounds were analysed and characterised by X-ray crystallography. A relatively simple HPLC method for the separation and quantitative analysis of five relevant alkaloidal components in Sceletium was developed and validated. The method was applied to determine the alkaloids in plant material and dosage forms containing Sceletium. An LCMS method developed during the study provided accurate identification of the five relevant Sceletium alkaloids. The method was applied for the quantitative analysis and QC of Sceletium plant material and its dosage forms. This LCMS method was found to efficiently ionize the relevant alkaloidal markers in order to facilitate their detection, identification and quantification in Sceletium plant material as well as for the assay and QC of dosage forms containing Sceletium. The chemotaxonomy of some Sceletium species and commercially available Sceletium dosage forms were successfully studied by the LCMS method. The HPLC and LCMS methods were also used to monitor the bio-conversion of some of the alkaloids while processing the plant material as per traditional method of fermentation. Additionally a high resolution CZE method was developed for the separation of several Sceletium alkaloids in relatively short analysis times. This analytical method was used successfully to fingerprint the alkaloids and quantify mesembrine in Sceletium and its products. Sceletium species grown under varying conditions at different locations, when analyzed, showed major differences in their composition of alkaloids and an enormous difference was found to exist between the various species with respect to the presence and content of alkaloids. Sceletium and its products marketed through health shops and the internet may thus have problems with respect to the quality and related therapeutic efficacy. The QC of Sceletium presents a formidable challenge as Sceletium plants and products contain a complex mixture of compounds. The work presented herein contributes to a growing body of scientific knowledge to improve the QC standards of herbal medicines and also to provide vital information regarding the selection of plant species and information on the specific alkaloidal constituents to the cultivators of Sceletium and the manufacturers of its products.

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Mupfumira, Rudo. "An assessment of African traditional medicines in pregnancy and on birth outcomes: pharmacists' perceptions of complementary medicines in pregnancy." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003256.

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Increasing numbers of medicines are being used by pregnant South African women in the public sector during pregnancy, for the treatment of different biomedical and supernatural disease states and conditions. The motivation for the research is to support the development of more local pregnancy registries in order to strengthen evidence for the safety and efficacy of medicines used in pregnancy. A mixed methods approach was used. Women in their ninth month of pregnancy in a public sector setting, and four community pharmacists were identified. The women who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. One in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with each woman before giving birth and data on their pregnancy outcomes were collected after labour. Coincidentally, the mother of one of the participants was found to be a traditional healer. She was also interviewed on the topic. A structured questionnaire was administered to the pharmacists. Ten pregnant women between the ages of 19 to 39 who had used or were using a traditional medicine during the pregnancy were recruited. All the participants had had at least one antenatal check up during their pregnancy with one having attended five times. No abnormal results were reported from any of the check ups or tests done during the visits. All of them had been to school and had at least Standard 8/Grade 10 education. Ten babies were seen between one and four days postpartum and no birth defects were obvious or were reported for any of them. The traditional healer did not provide additional information to what the women had said and confirmed that some of the practices the women reported were known to her as traditional medicine practices. All four pharmacists indicated that they considered complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) to be “somewhat effective” and sold them at their pharmacies although none of them were aware of whether or not they were registered with the MCC. None of the pharmacists appeared to have an in-depth knowledge of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines (TCAMs). All four pharmacists said that it is important to have a basic understanding of TCAMs before using them, although they did not agree on the reasons for this. All of them felt that pharmacists have a professional responsibility to provide information on TCAMs (especially herbal preparations) and two felt that providing this information is part of a medical doctors’ responsibility. No harm from taking TCAMs could be shown. However herbal medicines have numerous ingredients some of which are unknown and taking these medicines is risky. The pharmacists in this sample were unsure whether they were accessing unreliable CAM information. Reliable sources of information and reference materials on CAMs to assist pharmacists and other healthcare professionals are needed. The apparent widespread use of TCAM in pregnancy indicates a need for documentation about its efficacy and safety. The establishing of TCAM pregnancy registries should seriously be considered. Due to the increase in CAM use, CAM education during pharmacists’ training as well as continuing professional development (CPD) in CAM for pharmacists in practice should be encouraged.

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Awortwe, Charles. "Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction study of selected traditional medicines used as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96796.

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Thesis (DMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction The increasing intake of traditional medicines among HIV/AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa needs urgent consideration by clinicians and other healthcare providers since the safety of such medications are unknown. The pharmacokinetic parameters - Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination (ADME) play important role in the safety evaluation of drugs, thus implicating drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters as critical indicators for herb-drug interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk potential of seven herbal medicines commonly consumed by HIV/AIDS patients for drug interactions applying in vitro models. In this study, inhibition and induction effects of the herbal medicines on cytochrome P450s (CYPs) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were investigated. Methods Herbal medicines – Lessertia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Kalanchoe integra and Taraxacum officinale were sourced from Medico Herbs, South Africa were identified by experts from Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town. Moringa oleifera, Echinacea purpurea and Kalanchoe crenata were obtained from the repository of the National Centre for Natural Product Research (NCNPR), University of Mississippi, USA. Reversible inhibitory effect of aqueous and methanol herbal extracts were evaluated in recombinant CYPs applying the fluorescent metabolites at specified excitation/emission wavelengths; CYP1A2 (3-cyano-7-hydroxycoumarin (CHC); 405/460 nm), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (7-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (HFC); 405/535 nm) and CYP2D6 (7-hydroxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin (HAMC); 390/460 nm). Comparative studies in human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant CYPs were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of methanol herbal extracts and fractions on 6β testosterone hydroxylation activity. Time dependent inhibitory (TDI) effect of the herbal extracts were evaluated applying the IC50 shift fold, normalized ratio and the NADPH-, time- and concentration-dependent approaches. Influence of herbal extracts on metabolic clearance of testosterone was assessed in both HLM and human hepatocytes. The effects of each herbal extract on expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes were evaluated in activated human pregnane X receptor (PXR) co-transfected HepG2 cells. Finally, the inhibitory effect of herbal extracts on P-gp was assessed using the calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) uptake and the digoxin radiolabelled substrates in MDCKII-MDRI cells. Results The aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Kalanchoe integra, Kalanchoe crenata, Echinacea purpurea and Lessertia frutescens demonstrated high risk of in vivo inhibition on CYPs 3A4 and 1A2 with Cmax/Ki >1.0. Methanol extracts of these herbal medicines also indicated potential risk of reversible drug interaction. The methanol extracts of M. oleifera, K. crenata and L. frutescens showed strong TDI effect on CYP3A4 with IC50 shift fold >1.5 and normalised ratio <0.7. Moringa oleifera intermediately reduced intrinsic clearance of testosterone in human hepatocytes (2 ≤ AUC ratio ≤ 5) when scaled up to humans. Methanol extracts of Echinacea purpurea up-regulated the expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes in activated PXR. Kalanchoe crenata and Echinacea purpurea indicated strong inhibition on P-gp by reducing transport of digoxin across hMDR1-MDCKII cell monolayer from basolateral to apical with IC50 values of 18.24 ± 2.52 μg/mL and 24.47 ± 4.97 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The herbal medicines especially M. oleifera, K. integra and E. purpurea have the potential to cause herb-drug interaction in vivo if sufficient hepatic concentration is achieved in humans.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Die verhoogde inname van tradisionele medisynes onder MIV/VIGS-pasiënte in sub-Sahara-Afrika verg dringend oorweging deur klinici en ander gesondheidsorgverskaffers, aangesien die veiligheid van sodanige medikasies onbekend is. Die farmakokinetiese parameters – Absorpsie, Distribusie, Metabolisme en Eliminasie (ADME) – speel ’n belangrike rol by die veiligheidsevaluering van geneesmiddels, en impliseer gevolglik geneesmiddel-metaboliserende ensieme en vervoerders as kritiese indikators vir krui-geneesmiddel-interaksies (HDI). Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die risikopotensiaal van sewe kruiemedisynes wat algemeen deur MIV/VIGS-pasiënte geneem word, vir geneesmiddel-interaksies te evalueer deur in vitro-modelle te gebruik. In hierdie studie is die inhiberings- en induseringsuitwerkings van die kruiemedisynes op sitochroom P450’s (verkort na CYP’s) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 en 3A4, sowel as P-glikoproteïen (P-gp), ondersoek. Metodes Kruiemedisynes – Lessertia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Kalanchoe integra en Taraxacum officinale – is van Medico Herbs, Suid-Afrika, bekom en deur kundiges van die Compton-herbarium, by die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Biodiversiteitsinstituut, Kaapstad, geïdentifiseer. Moringa oleifera, Echinacea purpurea en Kalanchoe crenata is van die bewaarplek van die Nasionale Sentrum vir Natuurlike Produknavorsing (NCNPR) aan die Universiteit van Mississippi in die VSA verkry. Die omkeerbare inhiberende uitwerking van kruie-ekstrakte in water en metanol is in rekombinante CYP’s geëvalueer deur die gebruik van die fluoresserende metaboliete op gespesifiseerde opwekkings-/emissiegolflengtes; CYP1A2 (3-siaan-7-hidroksikumarien (CHC); 405/460 nm), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 en CYP3A4 (7-hidroksi-4-(trifluoormetiel)-kumarien (HFC); 405/535 nm) en CYP2D6 (7-hidroksi-4-(aminometiel)-kumarien (HAMC); 390/460 nm). Vergelykende studies van menslikelewermikrosome (HLM) en rekombinante CYP’s is uitgevoer om die inhiberende uitwerking van metanolkruie-ekstrakte en -fraksies op 6β-testosteroonhidroksileringsaktiwiteit te ondersoek. Die tydafhanklike inhiberende uitwerking (TDI) van die kruie-ekstrakte is geëvalueer deur gebruikmaking van die IC50-verskuiwingsvou-, die genormaliseerdeverhoudings- en die NADPH-, tyd- en konsentrasieafhanklike benaderings. Die invloed van kruie-ekstrakte op metaboliese testosteroonverheldering is in beide HLM en menslike hepatosiete geëvalueer. Die uitwerkings van elke kruie-ekstrak op die uitdrukking van CYP1A2-, CYP3A4- en MDR1-gene is in geaktiveerde menslike pregnaan-X-reseptor(PXR)-, ko-getransfekteerde HepG2-selle geëvalueer. Laastens is die inhiberende uitwerking van kruie-ekstrakte op P-gp geëvalueer, met gebruikmaking van die kalsien-asetoksimetiel-ester (kalsien-AM)-opname en die digoksien- radiogemerkte substrate in MDCKII-MDRI-selle. Resultate Die ekstrakte in water van M. oleifera, K. integra, K. crenata, E. purpurea en L. frutescens het ’n hoë risiko van in vivo-inhibering op CYP’s 3A4 en 1A2 met Cmaks/Ki >1.0 getoon. Ekstrakte van hierdie kruiemedisynes in metanol het verder potensiële risiko van omkeerbare geneesmiddelinteraksie getoon. Die ekstrakte van M. oleifera, K. crenata en L. frutescens in metanol het sterk TDI-uitwerking op CYP3A4 met IC50-verskuiwingsvou >1.5 en genormaliseerde verhouding <0.7 getoon. M. oleifera het intermediêre vermindering van intrinsieke testosteroonverheldering in menslike hepatosiete (2 ≤ AUC verhouding ≤ 5) tot gevolg wanneer die skaal na mense verhoog word. Ekstrakte van E. purpurea in metanol het die uitdrukking van CYP1A2-, CYP3A4- en MDR1-gene in geaktiveerde PXR opgereguleer. K. crenata en E. purpurea het sterk inhibering van P-gp getoon deur die vervoer van digoksien deur die hMDR1-MDCKII-selmonolaag van basolateraal tot apikaal met IC50-waardes van onderskeidelik 18.24 ± 2.52 μg/mL en 24.47 ± 4.97 μg/mL te verminder. Gevolgtrekking Kruiemedisynes, veral M. oleifera, K. integra en E. purpurea, het die potensiaal om HDI in vivo te veroorsaak indien voldoende hepatiese konsentrasie by mense bereik word.

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Lawrance, Jennifer Kristy. "Complementary and Alternative Medicines: The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Dietitians in Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LawranceJK2002.pdf.

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Boehm, Katja. "Acquisition, distribution and perspectives of healthcare information in complementary and alternative medicines (CAM)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2500.

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There is an underlying need to gather information for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of CAM. Once this information has been collected, the research needs to be distributed amongst healthcare professionals, the public and governing bodies. In my work, I looked at the range of German and UK general practitioners' attitudes toward CAM and medical students' CAM attitudes in the UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand and Hong Kong. GPs' CAM attitudes did not differ across countries but a lack of information regarding safety and efficacy, as well as CAM training opportunities were criticized. CAM education was found to vary across countries due to different curricula and personal CAM use was a better predictor of CAM attitudes than was CAM exposure in the medical schools' curricula. I furthermore collected information on how CAM practitioners respond to specific patient and researcher health queries via e-mail. Medical herbalists, chiropractors, reflexologists, acupuncturists and homeopaths were contacted. lt was found that response rates to a fictitious patient were significantly higher than those given to a researcher. Some of the advice given online was interpreted as misleading or dangerous. Regulations for CAM practitioners dealing with potential clients' postal or online health queries should be put in place. I co-authored various systematic reviews, which summarize data from clinical trials and thus assessed the efficacy of mistletoe, co-enzyme Q10, guided imagery acupuncture and Ukrain for cancer care and music therapy for cardiovascular conditions. To summarize these reviews I conclude that some CAM modalities play an important role as an adjunct to conventional medicine in palliative cancer care and are based on a non-specific effect. Specific effects of CAM for certain health conditions are rather small. There is a need to regulate how CAM information is distributed. More rigorous clinical trials need to be financed and carried out independently to assess CAM efficacy and safety in those CAM modalities where a specific effect is suspected and in others with non-specific effects possibly CAM therapist evaluations should be carried out. Further international regulations should be put in place regarding CAM education in medical schools and CAM training for healthcare professionals.

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Song, Hyon W., Marion Slack, Jennie Lee, and Bismark Baidoo. "A Meta-Analysis of Alternative and Complementary Medicine for the Treatment of Insomnia." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614292.

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Class of 2013 Abstract
Specific Aims: To evaluate three complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), tai-chi, acupuncture, and melatonin, for treating insomnia using meta-analysis assessment of randomized controlled trials. Methods: The electronic database MEDLINE (PubMed) was searched from May of 2012 to November of 2012 by using the terms “sleep initiation and maintenance disorders” AND “tai-chi” OR “melatonin” OR “acupuncture”. All of the searches ended at November of 2012. Data extraction was conducted independently by 2 investigators and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. If the 2 investigators could not agree, the study was reviewed by all 4 investigators. Main Results: Out of 500 studies that were initially retrieved, 12 studies were included; 3 for tai-chi; 4 for acupuncture; 5 for melatonin. We found that the effect of each type of intervention was significantly different than zero, p<0.01 thus all were effective in treating insomnia. From our analysis, acupuncture was the most effective (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.66; p<0.01) followed by tai-chi (SMD=-0.43; p<0.01) whereas melatonin was the least effective (SMD=-0.26; p=0.04) but difference between acupuncture and melatonin was not significant (p=0.15). Conclusion: All three interventions were found to be effective in treating insomnia. However, due to mixed and inconsistent data of the studies, poorly designed trials, and small sample size, further large, well-controlled trials are warranted.

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Catterson, Sandra Lynne. "Complementary and alternate medicines: a forensic analysis of the potential adulteration of over-the-counter anorectics and "lifestyle" medicines in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27059.

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Background: Complementary and Alternate Medicines (CAMs) in South Africa are not yet subjected to the same rigorous testing required for allopathic (prescription) medication, yet they are freely available as over-the-counter medicines. Past research has shown the presence of a banned drug, sibutramine in natural anorectics and a schedule 6 prescription drug, sildenafil, found in natural erectile dysfunction preparations. Methods: Initially, 26 exhibits (18 erectile dysfunction medicines and 8 anorectics) were screened for active pharmaceutical ingredients using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An AB SCIEX 3200 TRAP® linear ion-trap quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect and subsequently quantitate these active pharmaceutical ingredients using a targeted multiple reaction monitoring mode. Samples were extracted with 50% v/v methanol in water. A method for the quantitation of sildenafil was subsequently partially validated. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were evaluated and the linearity of the method was investigated in the range of 20 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL. The method was then successfully applied to a random selection of CAMs. A random sample (n=61) of erectile dysfunction CAMs were selected for quantitation from two different clusters. Cluster 1 comprised of supermarkets and cluster 2 of pharmacies. Results: The validation method for sildenafil showed that the limit of detection was 1.09 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation was 20 ng/mL. The correlation co-efficient and bias were less than 20%. Initial screening of the 26 exhibits indicated that sildenafil was present in 12 of the 18 samples tested and sibutramine in 6 of the 8 anorectics. Of the later 61 exhibits tested, 43 tested positive for sildenafil. The mass of sildenafil per sample ranged from 1.09 ng/mL to 123.7 mg/sample. Conclusion: The lack of label content, regulation and legislation exposes the consumer to the risk of consuming an active pharmaceutical ingredient which may very likely have an adverse effect on their health. There is a need to raise public awareness to the potential dangers of unregulated CAMs, encourage doctors to become more aware of their patients' consumption of CAMs and to motivate the Medicines Control Council to follow through with their deadlines for the regulation of CAMs.

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Clark-Grill, Monika Maria, and n/a. "Reclaiming the full story of human health : the ethical significance of complementary and alternative medicines." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060808.142253.

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This thesis investigates the moral content of illness ontologies in different healing systems, in particular biomedicine and homeopathy. It was motivated by the wish to gain a greater understanding of the possible meaning and ethical significance underlying the increasing popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in Western countries. CAM is an umbrella term for a diverse group of therapeutic approaches, indicating their marginalized status in relation to conventional, scientific medicine. However, despite their diversity most CAM share a common bond by subscribing to a holistic perspective on life, health and illness. It is for this reason that this thesis concentrates on the conceptual level. The subject is approached by making use of interview material from five homeopathic doctors from Austria. Their perspective on different aspects of non-conventional, as well as biomedical, practice and underlying theory provides the springboard for theoretical investigations. The demand for scientific evidence of CAM is critically examined. The issue of increasing pluralism in health care is explored, along with its challenge of finding appropriate epistemological approaches for therapeutic systems that are based on different illness ontologies. The favored approach in this thesis is based on the recognition by medical historians that there are four basic illness axioms: "illness as loss of balance", "illness as disruption of interpersonal communication", "illness as a physical defect" and "illness as pathic creation". These axioms are matched respectively with four different epistemic pathways: the dialectical, the hermeneutical, the analytical and the phenomenological. The interviewees considered the more humane quality of the doctor/patient relationship in their homeopathic practices to be due to the holistic premises of homeopathy, which place the subjective dimension of patients at their center. The difficulty of achieving informed consent in the commonly used sense in homeopathic practice was solved by engaging in a shared decision-making process. Life was explained by the interviewees in vitalistic terms. Although rejected by science, the notion of vitalism appears to hold significance for the public. Illness was always perceived as a multidimensional process and not as a purely physico-chemical dysfunction. It became evident that the holistic perspective takes account of the many dimensions of human illness, of which neither the conventional reductionist conception nor the dualistic mind/body approach are capable. However, the unmanageable complexity of holism poses a problem for therapeutic practice. A conceptual approach providing some structure for the holistic multidimensionality is found in the four illness axioms and in analogous observations by Aristotle. It is concluded that there could be a connection between the increased popularity of CAM and their underlying holistic perspective, since this theoretical foundation allows the practitioner to address the patient in a whole-person way. At the same time the holistic perspective provides a much broader scope than biomedicine for patients to influence their health. The recognition that human multidimensionality needs to be appreciated at the level of illness ontology may also provide an impetus for bioethics to approach contemporary ethical challenges from a perspective of an ethics of the good life, instead of concerning itself predominantly with setting limits in the arena of technological medicine.

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TYMBIOS, Joanna Antonia. "An evaluation of western herbal complementary medicine labelling in South Africa, to determine whether the product labelling information complies with established herbal monographs and whether it meets local regulatory requirements." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5111.

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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm
Medicines (CMs) are widely available to the South African public. However, CMs have not yet been evaluated by the Medicines Control Council (MCC). The MCC has published new guidelines for the regulation of CMs, with which CM companies are required to comply. OBJECTIVE: Determine to what degree Western Herbal CM labelling complies with the MCC’s requirements. METHODS: Thirteen CM products containing recognised Western Herbal ingredients were selected from pharmacies in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg. Labelling information on the immediate and outer container labels, as well as the package inserts, was investigated. The relevant corresponding European Medicines Agency (EMA) monographs and MCC guidelines were used to assess compliance. RESULTS: None of the products complied with the product dosage section of the monographs. Furthermore, the products contained indications that were not present in the monographs. The products did not fully meet the MCC’s mandatory minimum labelling requirements, and they did not demonstrate total compliance with all of the MCC’s requirements for product labels and package inserts.

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Abdul, Rouf P. V. "Exploring patient and health professional use, views and attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicines during pregnancy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=228640.

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The aim of this doctoral research was to explore CAM use in pregnancy from the perspectives of pregnant women and health professionals. The research was conducted in four phases: a systematic review of the published literature from 2008-2012; cross sectional surveys of two cohorts of women during the first and last trimester; and a cross sectional survey of health professionals (midwives, obstetricians, anaesthetists) at Aberdeen Maternity Hospital. The systematic review reported a significant proportion of women used CAM during pregnancy with prevalence rates ranging from 5.8% to 74.2%. The study of health professionals identified that more than 30% of respondents have prescribed, referred or advised the use of CAM to pregnant women. The main associated factor for CAM use was, 'personal use of CAM', with an odds ratio of 8.26 (95% CI 3.09–22.05; P < 0.001). Two thirds of women (63%) reported using CAM, excluding vitamins and minerals, during early pregnancy. The independent predictors of CAM use identified were: use by family and friends (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.3–7.3, p < 0.001); ethnicity (non-white British) (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8–6.8, p < 0.001); and use prior to pregnancy (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.8, p = 0.014). Two thirds of women (61.4%) reported using CAM, excluding vitamins and minerals, during the third trimester. The independent associated factors for CAM medicine use identified were: CAM use before pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 4.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.39–7.95, P<0.001); a university education (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.46–4.0, P<0.001), and CAM use by family or friends (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.61–3.47,P<0.001). The lack of an evidence based approach together with the reliance on the advice of family and friends is of concern given the lack of robust data of efficacy and safety. To date, four peer reviewed papers from this doctoral research have been published.

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Crighton, Elly Gwyn. "Are supplements supplemented? Evaluating the composition of complementary and alternative medicines using mass spectrometry and metabolomics." Thesis, Crighton, Elly Gwyn (2020) Are supplements supplemented? Evaluating the composition of complementary and alternative medicines using mass spectrometry and metabolomics. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/57740/.

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The complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) industry is worth over US$110 billion globally. Products are available to consumers with little medical advice; with many assuming that such products are ‘natural’ and therefore safe. However, with adulterated, contaminated and fraudulent products reported on overseas markets, consumers may be placing their health at risk. Previous studies into product content have reported undeclared plant materials, ingredient substitution, adulteration and contamination. However, no large-scale, independent audit of CAM has been undertaken to demonstrate these problems in Australia. This study aimed to investigate the content and quality of CAM products on the Australian market. 135 products were analysed using a combination of next-generation DNA sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nearly 50% of products tested had contamination issues, in terms of DNA, chemical composition or both. 5% of the samples contained undeclared pharmaceuticals. Increasing reports of adulteration with novel drug analogues led to the development of a high-throughput untargeted method for pharmacovigilance. Rapid direct sample analysis coupled to mass spectrometry was used to screen products, this time for hundreds of compounds in minutes with minimal sample preparation. The data correlated well with previous analyses, with the added benefit of detected additional compounds including phytochemicals and vitamins. Finally, metabolomics was used to assess the compositional diversity of finished herbal products on the market and how they compare to standard reference materials. The analysis iii showed that, despite all products stating the same ingredients, there was a clear difference in biochemical profile between products and also the reference materials. The combined techniques and analyses used in this project provide an audit and quality control toolkit which will allow for stronger regulation of CAM products. The data collected has shown that such regulation is needed to improve product quality and to protect consumer safety.

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Ramburan, Veleeni. "Integrating Complementary and Alternative Medicines into Pharmacy Practice: Identifying challenges in meeting professional responsibilities and training needs." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6296.

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Magister Pharmaceuticae - Mpharm
Community pharmacies are popular suppliers of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and pharmacists encounter requests from consumers for information on them. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which community pharmacists, and final year pharmacy students at the University of the Western Cape, can meet their professional obligations to advise on CAMs.

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Pumpa, Kate Louise. "Complementary and alternative medicine use among elite Australian athletes and the efficacy of selected complementary and alternative medicines in the prevention and treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle damage in well trained males." View thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31593.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2007.
"A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliography.

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Barnes, Joanne. "An examination of the role of the pharmacist in the safe, effective and appropriate use of complementary medicines." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249582.

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Cant, Sarah. "Mainstream marginality : professional projects and the appeal of complementary and alternative medicines in a context of medical pluralism." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/16187/.

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This narrative critically reviews my contribution to the development and maturation of a sociology of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Through the application of qualitative methodologies, my work has documented the emergence of a ‘new’ medical pluralism, focussing on the professional development of CAM as practiced by non-medically qualified practitioners and nurses and midwives, and has provided an understanding for the groundswell of appeal of CAM to both users and practitioners. With reference to neo-Weberian, Foucauldian and feminist theories of occupational formation, the research has provided insight into CAM ‘professional projects’, detailing the attempts to secure market share, broker trust relations, and discipline work conduct. My work has also revealed the enduring capacity of (patriarchal) biomedicine to shape CAM practice and health care delivery. As a consequence, CAM is described as being situated in a position of ‘mainstream marginality’ – popular, but peripherally located in state-sanctioned health care, with an appeal to groups of users and practitioners who themselves feel marginalised. As such, my work has contributed to an appreciation of the attractions of CAM and its empowering potentials, and the dynamics of biomedical power, professionalisation and professionalism in relation to jurisdictional battles for market share. Through critical reflection on my work, however, I note there is space for further exploration into: the opportunities for affective change and collaboration that can be fostered in integrated/integrative clinics; the ways in which biomedical dominance might be mutating; the different ways in which wellbeing, efficacy and evidence might be conceptualised; the possibility of integrating post-colonial theory and anthropology with sociology to produce a globalised analysis of medical pluralisms.

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Ndu, Okechukwu. "User-perceived effectiveness and safety of paediatric complementary and alternative medicines : perspectives from international, British and local Scottish outcomes studies." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3143.

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In the light of the current patient-centred approach to healthcare delivery, this research investigated the effectiveness and safety of paediatric complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) from the users' perspective in order to generate suitable data to inform healthcare policy and planning. The research was in three parts: a systematic review (SR), a database analysis and a survey. The SR of papers published on the topic from 2000 to July 2011 identified 46 eligible studies conducted predominantly in the USA (14; 30%); with only 5 UK studies (11%), of which 2 were Scottish. Generally, their findings indicated a high report of positive health outcomes by CAM users, and a low report of adverse outcomes. Critical appraisal, however, highlighted the low methodological quality of most studies; with an overall quality rating of 45%, and only 9 studies (20%) possessing up to 8 of 12 quality indices. A tendency towards selective outcome reporting bias was also observed. The database research explored the suspected adverse reactions (ADRs) associated with paediatric use of natural health products (NHPs) as reported on the Yellow Card Scheme (YCS) from its inception until July 2012. The YCS data was mined to estimate the frequency and seriousness of the ADRs reported. NHPs were found to have contributed < 1% of ADR reports within the period, with paediatric subjects contributing 8.6% of NHP reports (192 reports). These profiled 332 specific ADRs, 30% of which were described as serious. Female subjects contributed marginally more ADRs than males (51.5%). Rash and other skin and subcutaneous disorders were the most common ADRs. Herb-drug combination products were found to generate the most ADRs, with the senna-piperazine combination being the most frequently reported (89 ADRs). The product most associated with fatalities was soybean oil (5 reports). Generally, however, NHP-related ADRs reported for paediatric subjects in the YCS were found to be relatively few, and of low severity (6%) and fatality (2%); with over 75% resolution, and mostly within 3 days (68%). The survey component of the research was a bi-modal analytic cross-sectional survey of parents in Aberdeen, and aimed to determine the nature and demography of the use and user-reported outcomes of CAM among children in Aberdeen. Consenting parents recruited from the general population were invited to complete online or paper versions of a validated questionnaire. 212 parents of 391 children completed the survey, of which 143 reported CAM use in their children (67.5%). Participants were mainly mothers (73.6%); Caucasian (84.4%); aged 30-44 years (59.7%); and educated beyond secondary level (85.3%). 213 children had ever used CAM, 64.3% of which had always used CAM; while 21.1% had only used CAM within the last 12 months, and 14.6% had used it only previously. 53.1% of child CAM users were female. Parental self CAM use was found to be the strongest predictor of paediatric CAM use. 102 of the 123 parents that rated their children's CAM use (82.9%) perceived them as helpful; 76 of which said they helped 'a lot'. Finding personal CAM use helpful was the only factor found to significantly predict perceived effectiveness for paediatric CAM use. 9 parents reported adverse outcomes, mainly allergic skin reactions. In all, this research featured the first SR of user-perceived effectiveness and safety outcomes of paediatric CAMs; the first analysis of NHP-associated ADR reports on the YCS; and the first population-based Scottish study of paediatric CAM use. A triangulation of the results from these three strands validated the key finding that CAM is used widely among children, with high perceived effectiveness and safety outcomes. The implications of this finding for healthcare policy and planning were highlighted.

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Mc, Ewen Laurel. "An anthropological analysis of the relationship between conventional and complementary medicine in contemporary France." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0002.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la relation paradoxale entre la médecine conventionnelle et les médecines complémentaires dans la France contemporaine, pays dans lequel une multitude de pratiques complémentaires s’épanouissent malgré la présence d’une hostilité institutionnalisée contre ces formes de pratique médicale non autorisées et l’absence générale de législation nationale réglementant leur exercice et statut. Pour ce faire, j’utilise une approche ethnographique reposant sur trois années et demie d’observation participante et d’entretiens ouverts, semi-dirigés avec des praticiens, des utilisateurs, des administrateurs, des organisations, des syndicats et des éducateurs des deux côtés de la relation conventionnelle-complémentaire. L'analyse est encadrée par une approche des « systèmes complexes adaptatifs » et la théorie de la mondialisation. Elle met l'accent sur l'interrelation et la coévolution de la science, de la médecine et de la société. Les représentations de la santé, de la maladie, du bien-être et de l'art de guérir sont examinées à travers une analyse rhétorique des données recueillies auprès des participants pendant mon travail de terrain, ainsi que les stigmates, les stéréotypes et les peurs qui caractérisent leur perception des deux côtés. De nombreuses études de cas sont présentées, mettant en évidence l'intégration de pratiques complémentaires dans les hôpitaux privés et les hôpitaux universitaires en France. Ensemble, ces cas fournissent une notion nuancée de « l'acceptation » de pratiques complémentaires et de dynamiques émergentes qui témoignent des efforts individuels pour intégrer la médecine complémentaire dans la société française. Ces dynamiques sont à situer dans le contexte de la mondialisation et des tendances en matière de santé publique, « lieu » dans lequel les médecines complémentaires s’étendent. Les résistances comme par exemple la polémique actuelle autour du déremboursement de l’homéopathie peut être considérée, dans la société française, comme une réaction à l’empiétement des médecines complémentaires sur la médecine conventionnelle. Pour conclure, cette thèse se termine par quelques réflexions sur le potentiel de croissance continu de la médecine complémentaire dans la France contemporaine, malgré les représentations négatives qui y sont associées et leur manque de régulation
This thesis explores the paradoxical relationship between conventional and complementary medicine in contemporary France; a country in which a multitude of complementary practices are flourishing despite the presence of an institutionalized hostility against these unsanctioned forms of medical practice and the overall lack of national legislation for their regulation. To do so, it uses an ethnographic approach that is based on three and a half years of participant observation and semi-directed, open-ended interviews conducted with practitioners, users, administrators, lobbies, organizations, and educators on both sides of the conventional-complementary relationship. The analysis is framed using a complex adaptive systems approach and globalization theory, with an emphasis on the interrelationship between and co-evolution of science, medicine, and society. Representations of health, illness, well-being, and the art of healing are considered through the analysis of rhetoric collected from both sides of the conventional-complementary relationship; as are the stigmas, stereotypes, and fears that characterize the perceptions of both sides. Multiple case studies are presented evidencing the integration of complementary practices in both private hospitals and public university-hospitals in contemporary France, as are case studies drawn from participant observation. Together these cases provide a nuanced notion of the “acceptance” of a complementary practice in French society and the patterns emerging from individual efforts to integrate complementary medicine in mainstream French society. These dynamics are considered within the context of globalized public health trends that are creating a “place” for complementary medicine and in terms of the current backlash against complementary medicine in French society. This thesis concludes with some reflections on the potential for the continuing growth and integration of complementary medicine in contemporary France, despite the negative representations associated with it and the enduring political unwillingness to create legislation regulating it

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Randall, Lynn. "The use of complementary and alternative medicines in the treatment of menopausal symptoms by private healthcare patients in Pretoria, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5886.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Pharmacy Administration and Policy Regulation)
BACKGROUND The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widespread in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. While observational studies indicate that CAMs can bring some relief of symptoms, there is mixed evidence of this based on clinical trials and other studies (Thompson, 2010 and Newton et al., 2006), with very little available research specific to South Africa.

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Mazhar, Hajra. "The Use of Complementary and Integrative Medicines and Exploring Natural Health Product-Drug Interactions In Vitro in the Management of Pediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40653.

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This thesis applied a novel interdisciplinary approach for pharmacovigilance to examine the use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM), focusing on herbal remedies, to manage pediatric attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The safety and potential risk of herb-drug interactions in ADHD management were first evaluated through an assessment of available information on the safety and efficacy of natural health products (NHPs) commonly used by ADHD patients as a means of identifying knowledge gaps. A clinical questionnaire was administered to caregivers of pediatric patients with ADHD to determine the factors and related outcomes of CIM use, including adverse events. A systematic search was conducted to further identify clinical adverse events involving herbal remedies and ADHD drugs to determine causal links to herb-drug interactions. In vitro analysis of identified herbal remedies was conducted to determine their potential for pharmacokinetic interactions, specifically on carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) mediated metabolism. The presented research builds on otherwise scarce evidence of the safety of herbal remedies for ADHD, particularly with respect to herb-drug interactions and adverse events (AEs) associated with concurrent use of NHPs and ADHD prescription drugs. Beyond studies conducted on the pharmacokinetic safety of herbal remedies through the cytochrome P450 pathways that metabolize some ADHD drugs, including amphetamine, atomoxetine and guanfacine, few data were available for CES1, which metabolizes methylphenidate, the first line of drug used to manage ADHD. The clinical questionnaire revealed that 40% of patients had used CIM and confirmed the use of a variety of CIM. Moreover, the majority of CIM users were also concurrently taking ADHD medication, and eight mild adverse events were self-reported. The systematic search on the adverse event reporting system highlighted a potential NHP-drug interaction between methylphenidate and St. John’s wort, and the overall poor quality of NHP-related adverse event reports. As a follow-up from the adverse event results, various commercial St. John’s wort products showed variable inhibition of recombinant human CES1 in vitro. Although the concentration of marker phytochemicals was not correlated to inhibition, hyperforin showed stronger activity than hypericin and quercetin. The preliminary in vitro investigation revealed that the herbal remedies used by ADHD patients have the potential to interact with CES1 mediated metabolism, with Rhodiola rosea identified as the most potent inhibitor. Further investigation on various commercial products of Rhodiola rosea revealed both reversible and irreversible inhibition of recombinant CES1. However, the inhibition was not dependent on the concentration of marker phytochemicals, and rosarin, rosavin, rosin, and salidroside were not potent inhibitors of recombinant CES1. Moreover, a commercial Rhodiola rosea extract showed concentration-dependent inhibition of human liver microsome meditated metabolism of methylphenidate. Overall, results from this thesis suggest potential risk from use of NHPs concurrently with conventional medicine used to manage ADHD. Improved evidence and pharmacovigilance for the use of NHPs in a pediatric population is warranted.

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Silva, Jael Bernardes da. "A implementação da política de plantas medicinais e de fitoterápicos em municípios com programas estruturados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-27022018-152556/.

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O trabalho em saúde é uma prática social que sofre alterações do contexto e se conforma nos encontros entre usuário e trabalhador, e nesses encontros necessidades de saúde emergem, o que demanda a inserção de novos saberes e tecnologias. A fitoterapia é uma tecnologia que tem sido inserida nos serviços de saúde e constitui uma ferramenta para o trabalho, mesmo não fazendo parte das tecnologias do modelo biomédico. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os fatores envolvidos na implementação da política de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na rede de saúde que a fazem entrar ou não na rotina de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que se deu em duas fases, análise documental e estudo de caso. Os materiais analisados na primeira fase foram: os planos de saúde e relatórios anuais de gestão, leis, portarias, e um trabalho de conclusão de curso, referentes aos municípios de Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro e Vitória. O estudo de caso foi realizado em Vitória, de janeiro a fevereiro de 2016, foram realizadas entrevistas em duas USFs com trabalhadores de ESF e usuários, além dos dois responsáveis técnicos do programa de fitoterapia do município, totalizando 41 participantes. O material obtido no estudo de caso foi submetido à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e discutido à luz do referencial conceitual, do trabalho em saúde como produção social. Os fatores que favorecem a implementação da fitoterapia segundo os dados encontrados foram: 1) Contexto favorável; 2) Ter governabilidade; 3) A perspectiva ampliada de saúde e do serviço; a percepção sobre o papel no trabalho e a percepção dos hábitos de cuidado da comunidade; 4) Ter conhecimento científico acerca do tema; ter conhecimento sobre o programa e a cultura/conhecimento familiar de utilização de plantas medicinais; 5) Identificar benefícios da fitoterapia e 6) Estrutura e insumos que viabilizem o programa. Os contextos internacional, nacional e municipal favoreceram a atuação de líderes/empreendedores na inserção da fitoterapia na saúde, e o encontro com gestores sensibilizados viabilizaram os programas. No campo da assistência, a fitoterapia consegue espaço no trabalho dos profissionais que têm percepção ampliada de saúde e que compreendem seu papel, e o da unidade no processo saúde-doença. A responsabilização pelo usuário e comunidade mobiliza o trabalhador a buscar ferramentas que respondam às suas necessidades de saúde, e é nesse contexto que a fitoterapia é acolhida como ferramenta de trabalho. O conhecimento sobre as ferramentas de saúde oferecidas pelo município, como a fitoterapia, e o conhecimento sobre a prática favorecem sua inclusão na rotina de trabalho. O interesse pela prática é influenciado por experiências de uso e emprego bem-sucedidos da prática. A fitoterapia não é uma ferramenta de trabalho típica do modelo biomédico, mesmo assim tem conseguido alcançar esse espaço de forma institucionalizada, tanto servindo à lógica daquele modelo ou sendo usada como um instrumento para o cuidado integral. A busca por ferramentas holísticas de cuidado em última instância são para contribuir na superação da lógica biomédica
The health work is a social practice subject to changes depending on the context, and is formed in the encounter between user and workers. In such encounters, health needs emerge, which requires the insertion of new technologies. The use of herbal medicines (phytotherapy) is a technology that has been inserted in health services and constitutes a tool for health work, even though it is not part of the set of health technologies of the biomedical model. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors involving the implementation of the policy related to the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in the health system, the factors that integrate or not its use in health professionals\' work project. It is a qualitative study that took place in two phases: documentary analysis and case study. The analyzed materials were health plans and annual management reports, laws, resolutions referring to the Brazilian municipalities of Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro and Vitória. The case study was carried out in the city of Vitória, from January to February 2016, and data were obtained through interviews conducted in two Family Health with workers from the Family Health Team and users attended at the unit. There were also two technicians responsible for the phytotherapy program in the municipality, totaling 41 participants. The material obtained in the case study was submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality and was discussed based on the conceptual framework of health work as social production. The factors favoring the implementation of herbal medicines in the health care were: 1) Favorable Context; 2) Having Governability; 3) The broader perspective of health and service; the perception about the role in work and the perception of the community care habits; 4) Having scientific knowledge about the subject; knowledge about the program and also the culture/family knowledge of the use of medicinal plants; 5) Identification of the benefits of herbal medicines and 6) Presence of structure and inputs that make the program possible.The international, national and municipal contexts favored the performance of leaders/entrepreneurs in the insertion of herbal medicines in the health care network, and the encounter with sensitized managers made possible the establishment of the programs. In the field of assistance, herbal medicines have conquered space in the work projects of professionals who have expanded perception of health and who understand the health service role and their own role. Knowledge about the health tools offered by the municipality, such as herbal medicine, along with the knowledge about its practice favors its inclusion in the work routine. Interest on the practice is influenced by experiences of use and successful practices. Phytotherapy is not a working tool from the biomedical model in health care, yet it has managed to achieve this space in an institutionalized way, either serving the logic of that model or being used as an instrument for the offer of comprehensive care

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Purcell, Carrie Ann. "Touching work : a narratively-informed sociological phenomenology of holistic massage." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6310.

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This thesis comprises an exploration of the practice of Holistic Massage, working across the sociological areas of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), body work, emotional labour, sociological phenomenology and narrative inquiry. Holistic Massage is one of a plethora of practices encompassed by the field of CAM. While there has been steadily increasing sociological interest in CAM in recent years, much research has treated this diverse group as relatively homogeneous. This thesis looks at one practice in depth, in order to address issues specific to Holistic Massage – including what ‘holism’ adds up in to in practice, and the devaluation of knowledge based on touch(ing) – as well as those concerning CAM more broadly. Hence, whilst drawing on existing research on CAM, this research also addresses a lacuna within it. This thesis employs the conceptual tool of ‘touching work’, which brings together the concepts of ‘emotional labour’ and ‘body work’ in a way that draws out relevant aspects of each around the fulcrum of touch, thus accounting for the latter in both its sensory and emotional meanings. In so doing, it also contributes to the recently burgeoning literature on the senses in sociology, and to an embodied sociology more generally. The thesis also draws on sociological phenomenology, in particular the notion of the intersubjective ‘stock of knowledge’, and the understanding of talk as constitutive of the everyday social world. The overall methodological approach taken brings together phenomenological theory with narrative inquiry, and specifically with the analysis of the form and content of talk. The analysis presented is based around data from loosely-structured interviews with ten women who do Holistic Massage. The interviews were analysed in terms of their overall shape and distinctive features (Chapter Three) and, in subsequent chapters, with respect to both what was said and how it was said. This analysis examines the constitution of a Holistic Massage stock of knowledge (Chapter Four) and how the practice is bounded (Chapter Five), and concludes in Chapter Six by taking a step back from the detail of the data to look at what can be known from it about Holistic Massage and touching work Piecing together the constitution by practitioners of a stock of professional Holistic Massage knowledge makes a significant contribution to the sociology of CAM. Also, by uniting phenomenological sociology and narrative inquiry, it provides a novel perspective on a form of work which is part of a small but significant contemporary occupational field in the UK. In particular, it draws out the multiple aspects of touch which can in fact be known and articulated through talk and challenges ideas about the supposedly ineffable character of touch. In this regard, it points to similarities between how practitioners talk about this and the Foucauldian challenge to the ‘repressive hypothesis’, which sees people as in fact talking readily and in detail about matters where they claim silence prevails.

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Nestoruk, M., O. Figurna, Людмила Анатоліївна Денисова, Людмила Анатольевна Денисова, and Liudmyla Anatoliivna Denysova. "Complementary and alternative medicine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45285.

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We have all heard the terms “complementary medicine” and “alternative medicine” on the TV or somewhere else, but what do they really mean?lternative medicine is a collective name for methods pretending on the ability to treat (or prevent) disease. There are five major categories of complementary and alternative medicine therapies.

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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Complementary and Alternative Medicine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6918.

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Christensen, Marisa Correa. "O ensino de medicinas alternativas e complementares em escolas medicas : revisão sistematica da literatura." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311416.

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Orientador: Nelson Filice de Barros
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T23:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christensen_MarisaCorrea_M.pdf: 2069610 bytes, checksum: 7f25dd4128aa377912aae836c708536c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Devido ao aumento crescente da utilização das Medicinas Alternativas e Complementares (MAC) há a necessidade de que os profissionais de saúde estejam aptos a informar e atender seus pacientes, reconhecer efeitos colaterais, interações medicamentosas e praticar as medicinas complementares isoladas ou associadas às medicinas convencionais com segurança. Neste trabalho foi feita uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) sobre o ensino das MAC em escolas médicas, com a finalidade de refletir sobre as evidências publicadas. Foram analisados 33 artigos indexados no banco eletrônico de dados Pubmed utilizando o descritor: ¿complementary and alternative medicine teaching¿. Identificou-se vários exemplos de inserção das MAC no ensino e, de modo geral, os estudantes de medicina têm atitudes positivas frente às MAC, desejam aprendê-las tendo com o objetivo tratar e orientar seus futuros pacientes com essas medicinas. O ensino das MAC nas escolas de medicina tem, como fundamento, adicionar à prática médica ferramentas diagnósticas e terapêuticas a serem utilizadas em atenção, prevenção e promoção a saúde nos diversos níveis de complexidade do sistema de saúde
Abstract: Due to the continuous increase in the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAM) there is the need to health professionals to be able to inform and attend their patients, recognize adverse effects, drugs interactions and to practice complementary medicines isolated or associated with conventional medicine safely. In this study, a Literature Systematic Review was made concerning the teaching of CAM in medical schools with the interest of reflecting upon the published evidences. 33 articles indexed in the electronic database Pubmed using the key-words ¿complementary and alternative medicine teaching¿ were analyzed several examples of CAM teaching, in section were identified and in general, medical students have positive attitudes toward CAM, want to learn them, having as aim treat and orient their future patients with this medicines. CAM teaching in medical school have, as basis, add to medical practices therapeutic and diagnosis tools to be used in health care, prevention and health promotion in the diverse complexity levels of the health system
Mestrado
Saude Coletiva
Mestre em Saude Coletiva

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Johnson, Gwenyth Llewellyn. "Registered Dietitian Interest in Complementary Medicine." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/26.

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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become very popular with populations internationally and in the United States. CAM is defined as “a group of diverse medical and health systems, practices and products that are not generally considered as part of conventional medicine”. CAM is described as having five specific divisions: whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically-based practices, manipulative- or body-based practices, and energy medicine. Recent studies have shown that CAM use is increasing. In the US 33% of the population reported using CAM in 1990, but 1997 usage rates increased to over 41%. The popularity of CAM is one of the reasons for the creation of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) by the National Institutes of Health the Federal Government's lead agency for scientific research on the diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine”. NCCAM information was the foundation for this project. The goals of this project are to evaluate the interest of dietitians in Georgia in CAM and introduce participants of this project to a segment of CAM treatments. The primary research question is: Are dietitians in the state of Georgia interested in using CAM as part of their practice? There were three distinct portions to this project; the initial survey of the dietitian participants, the development and use of the introductory CAM lesson, and the evaluation of this lesson and final survey. The data from both the first and second surveys as well as the post test does support a positive answer to the research question, “Are registered dietitians in the state of Georgia interested in CAM? The results clearly indicate an interest from both the survey 1 and survey 2/ post test group. Some may ask, “Is this really of any importance to the dietetics profession?” The answer to this can be found in the nutrition literature. Conducting a topic search of “Complementary and alternative medicine” in three predominant nutrition journals: the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, The Journal of Nutrition and The Journal of the American Dietetic Association, revealed more than 17,000 articles. These articles range for original research to review of original research to commentary articles evaluating the use of CAM to the dietetics practice. A number of articles addressed the importance of CAM in dietetics education as well as its importance to the practice and reimbursement for services.

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Ischkanian, Paula Cristina. "Promoção, comunicação e educação em saúde: a prática da acupuntura e da fitoterapia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-04032016-143503/.

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Esta pesquisa discute a Comunicação em Saúde no contexto das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), no que concerne ao tratamento do câncer realizado num hospital público de Campinas. O arcabouço teórico se debruça sobre as diretrizes do ideário da Promoção da Saúde e sobre as discussões da Educação em Saúde, por serem premissas fundamentais para que a Comunicação em Saúde seja participativa e democrática, e que a Comunicação das PIC conquiste maior espaço na Saúde Pública. O objetivo geral foi investigar o processo de comunicação entre profissionais de saúde e usuários do SUS participantes do Projeto de Construção do Cuidado Integrativo (PCCI). A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa tendo como instrumentos pesquisa documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para a coleta dos dados. Os participantes do estudo foram usuários que fizeram parte do grupo de Acupuntura e de Fitoterapia e usaram práticas complementares ao tratamento convencional do câncer, e também os profissionais de saúde envolvidos no PCCI realizado no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)/SP. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática de conteúdo de Bardin, que permitiu identificar as seguintes categorias: Medo da intervenção, Analgesia como resultado, Continuidade do tratamento, Falta de informação e Divulgação das práticas. Os resultados mostraram que houve dificuldades de comunicação, indicando lacunas importantes em relação à infraestrutura, à falta de divulgação e continuidade do tratamento complementar com as PIC, a falta de valorização da participação popular e estímulo à autonomia como preconiza o ideário da Promoção da Saúde. Concluiu-se que o modelo de saúde vigente, de base biomédica, não tem permitido a participação dos usuários, e, mais ainda, tem dificultado o desenvolvimento da comunicação democrática, humanizada e solidária. O Projeto (PCCI) foi importante em sua execução, uma vez que trouxe resultados positivos com o uso das PIC por melhorar as condições da qualidade de vida dos usuários e ter promovido analgesia, conferido maior disposição e recuperação dos movimentos. Entretanto, o Projeto (PCCI) não teve potencial o suficiente para provocar uma mudança na lógica do tratamento convencional que está hegemonicamente imerso no modelo biomédico, com isso limitando a inserção e a comunicação das PIC na Saúde Pública e dificultando a abertura para o diálogo entre os diferentes saberes. Entende-se que este é um dos principais desafios da Medicina Tradicional e Complementar (MTC).
In this research is discussed Health Communication in the light of Integrative and Complementary Practices (PIC) of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), regarding cancer treatment performed in a public hospital in Campinas. The rationale is Health Promotion as an idealistic guideline, as well as the discussions of Health Education. These are fundamental premises to guarantee Health Communication in a participatory and democratic manner, and that the communication of PIC conquers more space in Public Health. The overall objective was to investigate the process of communication between health professionals and users of the Unified Health System (SUS) that participate in the Construction of Integrative Care Project (Projeto de Construção do Cuidado Integrativo - PCCI). The methodology was qualitative having as documentary research tools and semi-structured interviews for data collection. Study participants were users part of the Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine Group, which used the practices complementing the conventional cancer treatment, and also the health professionals involved in the PCCI conducted at the Clinical Hospital of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) / SP. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis of content (Bardin), which identified the following categories: \"Intervention Fear\", \"Analgesia as a Result\", \"Follow-up Care\", \"Lack of Information\" and \"Propagation of Practices\". The results showed that there were communication difficulties, indicating significant gaps in relation to infrastructure, lack of propagation and continuity of complementary treatment with PIC, and yet no proper appreciation of popular participation neither the encouragement of autonomy advocated by the ideas of Health Promotion. Concluding, the current Public Health policy, which is biomedical based, has not yet allowed the participation of users and, even more, has hindered the development of democratic, humane and supportive communication. The Project (PCCI) was important in its execution as it brought positive results regarding the use of PIC to improve the quality of life of users, promote analgesia, confer greater willingness and recovery of movement. However, the project (PCCI) did not have enough potential, yet, to promote a change in the logic of conventional treatment, which is hegemonic immersed in the biomedical model, thereby limiting the inclusion and communication of PIC in Public Health, and hindering an opening for dialogue between different knowledge. This is one of the main challenges of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM).

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Nekrašaitė, Laura. "Onkologinėmis ligomis sergančių pacientų patirties apie papildomų priemonių,vartojamų greta gydytojo paskirto gydymo, tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140701_144740-87567.

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Siekiant surinkti ir susisteminti duomenis apie onkologinėmis ligomis sergančių pacientų greta gydytojo paskirto gydymo vartojamas papildomas priemones, vykdytas tiriamasis interviu, kurio metu naudotas pagrindinis tyrimo instrumentas – trijų dalių klausimynas. Tyrimo dalyviai: Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų Chemoterapijos dienos stacionaro pacientai bei Alytaus apskrities onkologinėmis ligomis sergančių žmonių asociacijos „Bendrakeleivės“ nariai. Iš viso – 90 respondentų, dažniausiai sergančių: krūties (30 proc.), kraujo (7 proc.), žarnyno (5 proc.), priešinės liaukos (4 proc.) vėžiu. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad 73 proc. pacientų naudoja papildomas priemones. Apklausos metu nustatytos 134 natūralios kilmės papildomų priemonių rūšys, iš kurių 123 – vaistinių augalų rūšys, priklausančios 52 šeimoms. Citavimų kiekiu (proc.) išsiskiria 6 vaistinių augalų šeimos: astrinių (Asteraceae ) – 20 proc., erškėtinių (Rosaceae) – 9 proc., salierinių (Apiaceae) – 7 proc., bastutinių (Brassicacea) – 6 proc., aguoninių (Papaveraceae) – 6 proc., pupinių (Fabaceae) – 4 proc. Krūties bei žarnyno vėžiu sergantys respondentai dažniausiai naudoja vaistinę medetką (Calendula officinalis L.) ir paprastąją kraujažolę (Achillea millefolium L.) – 5 proc. citavimų skaičiaus. Paprastąją kiaulpienę (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. s. l.) ir tikrąjį margainį (Silybum marianum L.) paprastai renkasi kraujo vėžiu sergantys pacientai – 11 proc. citavimų skaičiaus. Nustatytos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
In order to collect and organize data from the use of complementary measures used in addition to a physician prescribed treatment among cancer patients, was conducted exploratory interviews during which was used the main research instrument – a three – part questionnaire. Study participants: patients of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics Hospital Chemotherapy Day Care department and fellow members of Alytus County cancer patients association “Bendrakeleivės”. A total number of 90 respondents participated in this study, mostly with: breast (30%), blood (7%), intestine (5%), prostate (4%) cancer. The results showed that 73% patients use complementary measures. The survey established 134 additional measures types of natural origin. 123 from the previously mentioned were medicinal plant species, belonging to 52 families. Citations content (%) stands 6 medicinal plants of the family Asteraceae – 20%, Rosaceae – 9%, Apiaceae – 7%, Brassicaceae – 6%, Papaveraceae – 6%, Fabaceae – 4%. Breast and intestine cancer patients mainly use marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) – 5% of citation number. Ordinary dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. s. l.) and actual milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) usually opt for blood cancer patients – 11% of citation number. 6 from the previously mentioned were animal species, of which most of the times (34%) was cited gray toad (Bufo bufo) used among breast (26% ) and prostate (8%)... [to full text]

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Usrey, Kelly Marie. "Complementary and alternativve medicine in genetic counseling." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2010.

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Lewis-Wong, P. M. H. "Users' and practitioners' perception of complementary medicine." Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637896.

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This study seeks to find out how users and practitioners perceive Complementary Medicine (“CAM”); hopefully this will give us an insight into their understanding about health and disease and maybe broaden our perspective in health thereby helping to pave the way into finding positive approaches to health education. By means of a questionnaire-based survey coupled with interviews, the researcher gathered data from user and practitioners in English speaking countries both from the east and west. Through the pilot study, the researcher found that the number of people who initially volunteered and the eventual numbers who participated were vastly different, this was due either to, incomplete questionnaires or questionnaires not returned even after constant reminders. In the end, the researcher ventured into the areas of the Internet. The sites that the researcher went into were specifically focused on “Complementary Medicine”. By using keywords, for example “Homeopathy”, “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, and “Ayurvedic Medicine”, the researcher was able to post requests for respondents in “boardrooms” and “chat rooms”. Results were very encouraging and most interesting was respondents who not only answered the questionnaires but were also willing to help by introducing the researcher to other different sites and other respondents. The result of this study has shown that: The predominant influence on eastern respondents’ encounters with “CAM” was either through friends or relatives; usually in the form of “personal experiences”. But in the west, the respondents’ encounters were mainly self-motivated, where respondents actively sought information through reading and questioning. Both eastern and western respondents “chose” to use or practice “complementary medicine”. “Choice” is based, not on ignorance, but on active search for information through reading and questioning. The perceived efficacy of CAM played a major part in continued usage. Respondents were pluralistic in their approach to treatment choice for their ailments. Respondents would prefer CAM to be part of general health care provision. Respondents want conventional medicine to have a symbiotic relation with CAM so that their usage of CAM does not have to be a conspiracy.

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Chatfield, Kate. "Traditional and complementary medicine : analysing ethical challenges." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2016. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/16600/.

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The use of traditional and complementary medicines (T&CMs) is both ubiquitous in low and middle income countries and highly contested in some sections of high income countries. Whilst T&CMs are promoted as an accessible and affordable health care system by high level health policy makers (for example, the Director General of the World Health Organization), their use is simultaneously indicted as a waste of resources, non-scientific, and unethical. The aim of this thesis is to provide a calm, considered and well researched view on a highly emotional topic: What is the nature of the ethical challenges for the use and practice of TCMs and how might they be addressed? The methodology chosen for the ambitious topic of this thesis is the Ethical Matrix as developed by Ben Mepham in the UK in the 1990s. It is founded upon a principlist approach to ethical analysis and has been used widely in decision-making for new technologies. It requires the consideration of interests of stakeholders including, but also beyond, human beings. For the purpose of this thesis four groups were selected: human users of T&CM, the environment, animals, and low and middle income countries (LMICs). Ethical analysis reveals that: • Most ethical concerns associated with T&CMs are related to safety issues for human users; • there are also serious concerns about the way in which animals are routinely harmed through use in T&CM products and T&CM research; • the production and use of some T&CMs does have damaging impacts upon the environment and, • the ethical challenges associated with the use of T&CM in LMICs are different from those in high income countries. Based on the analysis, the thesis provides clear steps to be taken to reduce the potential for harm from both adverse drug reactions and adverse events for humans as well as recommendations to reduce the harm to animals and the environment from use of T&CMs.

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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Review of Complementary Medicine and Clinical Practice." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6912.

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Reviews the book, Complementary medicine and clinical practice edited by David P. Rakel and Nancy Faass (2006). Complementary and alternative medicine, or CAM, as it is known, has been an important and controversial topic for allopathic medicine. Although the majority of the patients in this country will use one or more forms of complementary medicine, and spend more out-of-pocket money on CAM techniques and practitioners than on allopathic ones, there is still a great deal of uncertainty among practicing physicians about what exactly CAM consists of. This book goes a long way toward helping to clarify this diverse and changing topic. Overall, each of the topics in the book emphasizes a refreshing focus on health compared with the antidisease focus of many more traditional medical articles and books. Each of the chapters integrates the technique and philosophy of the topic explored into an overall health-oriented approach to patient care. Rakel and Faass's book creates a template for a new model of medicine. Given its broad scope, it is ideal for family physicians to consider as we envision the evolution of our practices.

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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Practical Approach to Complementary and Alternative Medicine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6979.

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Teixeira, Luana Mara Almeida. "Práticas integrativas e complementares: análise de corpora e glossário bilíngue português/inglês para tradutores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-17072018-125455/.

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A busca por saúde e bem-estar é intrínseca ao ser humano. Além da medicina convencional ou alopática, existem numerosas modalidades terapêuticas consideradas parte da Medicina Complementar e Alternativa (MCA). No Brasil, essas terapias foram chamadas Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PIC), definidas pela Portaria nº 971, de 3 de maio de 2006 do Ministério da Saúde. Embora sejam amplamente utilizadas com apoio da Organização Mundial da Saúde, faltam materiais de suporte aos tradutores sobre esse tema. Dessa forma, procuramos desenvolver um glossário bilíngue português brasileiro/inglês britânico dessa área de especialidade, por meio da compilação de corpora comparáveis nos dois idiomas, escolhendo textos representativos sobre essa temática. Para a realização desse trabalho, utilizamos como referenciais teóricos a Linguística de Corpus e a Terminologia Bilíngue. Como ferramenta computacional usamos o WordSmith Tools. Após a compilação dos corpora, utilizando artigos acadêmicos, livros, textos de sites institucionais e legislação, examinamos a linguagem utilizada na área de PIC e extraímos os termos pertinentes à pesquisa por meio de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa. Verificamos a ocorrência de termos simples, compostos, complexos e siglas. Em seguida, buscamos os equivalentes em língua inglesa para os termos selecionados. Nem todos os equivalentes foram encontrados no corpus em inglês, portanto, realizamos nova busca usando a web como corpus. Explicitamos a macroestrutura e a microestrutura propostas e apresentamos a primeira versão do glossário, com exemplos de contextos de uso autêntico em ambos os idiomas. Propusemo-nos também a buscar os equivalentes em inglês para uma terapia desenvolvida no Brasil cuja terminologia ainda não tivesse sido vertida para o inglês. Foi escolhida a terapia floral baseada na alquimia, da qual elaboramos um corpus, extraímos os termos mais representativos e buscamos os equivalentes em inglês por meio de pesquisas pontuais. Elaboramos um glossário ilustrado de plantas utilizadas na produção das essências florais utilizadas nessa terapia. Esperamos contribuir com um material de apoio inicial aos tradutores da área de PIC, além de incentivar o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre essa lingua de especialidade.
The search for health and well-being is intrinsic to the human being. In addition to conventional or allopathic medicine, there are numerous therapeutic modalities considered part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). In Brazil, these therapies are called Complementary and Integrative Practices (CIP), defined by Ministry of Health Ordinance No. 971 of May 3, 2006. Although widely used with support from the World Health Organization, there is a lack of reference terminological materials for translators on this topic. Thus, we seek to develop a Brazilian Portuguese/British English bilingual glossary of this area of expertise, by compiling comparable corpora in both languages, choosing representative texts on this topic. In order to carry out this work, we used as theoretical references Corpus Linguistics and Bilingual Terminology. As a computational tool we used WordSmith Tools. After the compilation of corpora, using academic articles, books, texts of institutional websites and legislation, we examined the language used in the area of CIP and extracted the related terms to the research through a quantitative and qualitative analysis. We verified the occurrence of simple terms, compound terms, complex terms and acronyms. Next, we searched for English equivalents of the selected terms. Not all of the equivalents were found in the English corpus, so we performed a new search using the web as a corpus. Then, we explained the proposed macrostructure and microstructure and presented the first version of the glossary, with examples of contexts of authentic use in both languages. We also proposed to seek equivalents in English for a therapy developed in Brazil whose terminology had not yet been translated into English. Alchemy based flower essences therapy was chosen, from which we developed a corpus, extracted the most representative terms and searched for equivalents in English through a one-on-one research. We developed an illustrated glossary of plants used in the production of the flower essences used in this therapy. We hope to contribute an initial reference material to translators in the area of CIP, as well as encouraging the development of new research on this specialized language.

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Soares, Rogers Teixeira. "As associações médico-espíritas e a difusão de seu paradigma de ciência e espiritualidade." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2539.

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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Este trabalho analisa o paradigma médico-espírita, proposto por médicos espíritas, e as estratégias empreendidas para legitimá-lo frente à sociedade e à medicina oficial na atualidade. Os proponentes desse paradigma estão organizados em associações denominadas Associações Médico-Espíritas (AMEs), cuja história abordaremos sucintamente. Essas associações, coordenadas pela Associação Médico-Espírita do Brasil (AME-Brasil), criada em São Paulo, em 1995, estão presentes em várias cidades e Estados, totalizando 36 entidades. Os seus associados têm publicado livros, promovido palestras, congressos e campanhas com o escopo de obter mudanças nos conceitos da medicina oficial. Além de analisarmos as estratégias de legitimação utilizadas pelos médicos associados às AMEs, analisamos também a maneira como eles aliam ciência e religião num só paradigma.
This study analyzes the medical-spiritist paradigm proposed by Spiritist physicians and the strategies to legitimize it before society and the official medicine at present. Proponents of this paradigm are organized into associations named as Medical-Spiritist Associations (AMEs), whose history we discuss briefly. These associations, coordinated by the Spiritist Medical Association of Brazil (AME-Brazil), were created in São Paulo in 1995 and are present in several cities and states, totaling 36 entities. Its members have been publishing books, promoting lectures, conferences and campaigns, aiming at achieving changes in concepts of official medicine. Besides analyzing the strategies used by physicians associated with the AMEs in order to achieve legitimacy, we also analyze how science and religion are combined into a single paradigm.

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Spadacio, Cristiane 1983. "Medicinas tradicionais, alternativas e complementares como marcadores de diferenciação social." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311410.

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Orientador: Nelson Filice de Barros
Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Apesar dos notáveis avanços alcançados pela Medicina Ortodoxa - Biomedicina, tem havido um crescimento exponencial no interesse e no uso de Medicinas Tradicionais (MT), Alternativas e Complementares (MAC). O tema deste estudo ancora-se nas discussões sobre as MT e MAC e sua utilização por diferentes grupos sociais em situação de adoecimento crônico, especificamente o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender em que medida o uso de MT e MAC por pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 está relacionado com diferenças entre grupos sociais no Brasil. Foram entrevistados 80 pacientes de serviços público e privado de saúde. Sendo 40 pacientes em tratamento do diabetes tipo 2 no Ambulatório de Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensão e Obesidade, da Disciplina de Medicina Interna e Semiologia Médica, do Departamento de Clínica Médica da Unicamp, e 40 pacientes em uma clínica particular na Cidade de Campinas, no período de abril de 2009 a maio de 2010. Nesta pesquisa serão utilizadas as informações socioeconômicas e demográficas dos pacientes, que possibilitam inferir a "posição social" dos entrevistados, assim como aspectos relacionados às percepções dos pacientes, principalmente no que diz respeito ao acesso e à escolha por tratamentos heterodoxos. Teoricamente, a sociologia de Pierre Bourdieu será utilizada e debatida de forma crítica nesta pesquisa, principalmente com os conceitos de habitus e Capital, este último em seus diferentes aspectos, econômico, social, cultural e simbólico. Tal perspectiva fornece um referencial teórico adequado para a análise das MT e das MAC enquanto práticas culturais utilizadas por diferentes grupos sociais na sociedade brasileira. Dentre os achados empíricos, percebem-se diferenças na utilização de MT e MAC por diferentes perfis de pacientes, uma vez que, há pacientes que utilizam exclusivamente MT, geralmente com baixo nível de escolaridade, baixa renda familiar e com tendência a utilizar o serviço público de saúde. Ao passo que, pacientes que se utilizam exclusivamente de MAC tem alto nível de escolaridade, alta renda familiar e tendem a utilizar o serviço privado de saúde com plano de saúde. Há também pacientes que utilizam MT e MAC ao mesmo tempo, representado por um perfil intermediário entre os dois anteriores. Nesse sentido, sugere-se que a diferença na utilização das terapias não convencionais pode referir-se a um processo de diferenciação social, na medida em que os valores de diferentes grupos, no interior de uma sociedade cada vez mais fragmentada como a brasileira, estão relacionados com um poder classificatório definido por sua localização na estrutura de classes
Abstract: Despite the remarkable progress made by orthodox medicine - biomedicine, there has been an exponential growth in interest in and use of Traditional Medicine (TM), Complementary and Alternative (CAM). The theme of this study is anchored in discussions about MT and MAC and their use by different social groups in situations of chronic illness, specifically diabetes mellitus type 2. The research aims to understand to what extent the use of MT and MAC for patients with type 2 diabetes is related to differences between social classes in Brazil. We interviewed 80 patients of public services and private health. 40 patients being treated for type 2 diabetes in Outpatient Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Obesity in the Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Semiology, Department of Internal Medicine at Unicamp, and 40 patients at a private clinic in the city of Campinas, in the period April 2009 to May 2010. This research will be used socioeconomic and demographic information of patients, which allow inferring the "status" of respondents, as well as aspects related to the perceptions of patients, especially with regard to access and choice for unorthodox treatments. In theory, the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu will be used and discussed critically in this research, mainly with the concepts of habitus and capital, the latter in its different aspects, economic, social and symbolic. This perspective provides a theoretical framework suitable for the analysis of MT and MAC while cultural practices used by different social groups in Brazilian society. Among findings, are perceived differences in the use of MT and MAC for different patient profiles, since there are patients who exclusively use MT, generally have low levels of education, low family income and tend to use public service health. Whereas, patients who exclusively use MAC has highly educated, high income and tend to use the service with private health insurance. There are also patients who use MT and MAC at the same time represented by a different profile of patients. Accordingly, it is suggested that the difference in the use of unconventional therapies may refer to a process of social differentiation, in that the values of different groups within a society increasingly fragmented as Brazil are related to a relevant classificatory power defined by its location in the class structure
Doutorado
Ciências Sociais em Saúde
Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

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Bailey, E. E., and L. Lee Glenn. "Cancer Patient Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7502.

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Shrestha, Priyanka. "Predicting Quantity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500381639467327.

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Carmichael, Jenna, Kelsey Kitzmiller, and Rebekah Jackowski. "Arizona Pharmacist's Attitudes Towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine." The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614599.

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Class of 2011 Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study is to gain knowledge about pharmacists’ use and recommendations toward complementary and alternative medicine in the state of Arizona. METHODS: Samples were obtained through an online survey. Members from Arizona Pharmacy Alliance (AzPA) were emailed asking them to participate in an online survey. The sample size was all the pharmacists who are members of AzPA and have an email address, about 900 pharmacists. There were 187 responses, giving a response rate of 21%. The questionnaire was developed using questions from previous studies of pharmacists, physicians, and nurses. Demographic information collected included age, number of years practicing, ethnicity, sex and type of pharmacy he/she practices in. RESULTS: Pharmacists who have been treated with CAM personally are more likely to agree that CAM is a useful supplement to conventional medicines (p<0.001). Pharmacists who do not use CAM regularly to treat their own symptoms or illnesses were less likely to think CAM is a useful supplement to conventional medicine (p<0.001) and less likely to think CAM should be integrated into main stream western medicine (p<0.001). Pharmacists practicing greater than 20 years are more likely to think that their attitude toward alternative medicine has changed substantially over the past few years (p=0.028) and are more likely to think CAM should be integrated into western medicine (p=0.036) compared to those practicing less than 10 years. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, the hypothesis that pharmacists with personal CAM use are more likely to recommend or have a positive attitude toward their patients and recommend CAM was supported. The other hypothesis of pharmacists who have more recently graduated from pharmacy school will have a more positive outlook on CAM has been refuted as it was shown that those who have been practicing more than 20 years are more likely to believe CAM should be integrated into Western medicine.

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Blevins, Joshua David. "West Virginians' perceptions and use of complementary medicine." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1751.

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Suissa, Veronique. "Médecine non-conventionnelle et psycho-oncologie : évaluation de l’impact des Médecines Complémentaires et Alternatives (MCA) chez les patients atteints de cancer." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080066/document.

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Cette étude porte sur le mouvement non conventionnel en oncologie et tend à évaluer l’impact des MCA conjointement en termes de bénéfices, de risques et de dérives chez les patients atteints de cancer. Notre démarche comparative explore le vécu de 32 patients utilisant ou non les MCA, de façon complémentaire ou alternative aux traitements curatifs. Un entretien semi-directif unique a été mené auprès de chaque patient dans l’objectif d’identifier les processus communs et distincts entre les différents groupes. Un livret de questionnaire leur a également été remis afin de rendre compte des caractéristiques du mouvement hétérodoxe. L’analyse du discours révèle que le recours aux MCA influence positivement le vécu de la maladie sur l’ensemble des dimensions de la personne, mais détériore la représentation de la médecine allopathique et la relation soignant/soigné. Le refus de traitements curatifs chez les utilisateurs de MCA est lié à un univers de croyances invalidantes qu’ils développent. L’analyse des échelles suggère que le recours aux MCA améliore la perception de la santé globale, réduit la symptomatologie dépressive, mais reste sans effet sur l’anxiété. Le recours alternatif aux MCA est lié aux croyances d’attribution causale interne et de contrôle religieux, mais pas à celle d’un contrôle sur l’évolution de la maladie. L’intégration des MCA en oncologie apparaît pertinente et nécessaire pour améliorer la prise en charge des malades, mais doit pouvoir se déployer avec prudence et de façon progressive au regard des risques et des dérives de certaines pratiques hétérodoxes
This study examines the unconventional movement in Oncology and aim to assess the impact of CAM jointly in terms of benefits, of risks and derivatives in patients with cancer.Our comparative approach explores the experience of 32 patients using or not the CAM of complementary or alternative to curative treatments. A unique semi directive interview was conducted with each patient in order to identify common and distinct processes between differents groups. A questionnaire booklet was also been handed them to end to account characteristics of the unconventional movement.Analysis of the speech shows that the use of CAM affects positively the experience of the illness across the dimensions of the person, but deteriorates the representation of allopathic medicine and the patient-caregiver relationship. The refusal of curative treatments among users of CAM is linked to a universe of disabling beliefs they develop.The analysis of scales suggests that the use of CAM improves the perception of global health, reduces the depressive symptomatology, but has no effect on anxiety. The alternative use of CAM is related to internal causal attribution and control beliefs, but not to control over the course of the disease. The integration of CAM in oncology appears relevant and necessary to improve the care of patients, but should be able to be deployed with caution and progressively in the light of the risks and derivatives of certain heterodox practices

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O'Rourke, Patricia Mary. "Complementary and alternative medicine : nature, origins, ethics and regulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63987.pdf.

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Bhargava, Vibha. "Demand for complementary and alternative medicine an economic analysis /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181736111.

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Beebe, Michele Morgen. "Use of complementary and alternative medicine among rural Montanans." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/beebe/BeebeM0805.pdf.

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Verhovsek, Ester L. "Curriculum Change: Implementation of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2592.

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Cachado, Rita Sofia Martins Fragoso de Sousa. "Aplicação de medicinas complementares à prática de clínica de equinos." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4987.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
A Medicina Tradicional Chinesa (MTC) é uma corrente da prática de Medicina, tanto na saúde humana, como na saúde animal, que trata do diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção das doenças. Esta corrente filosófica aborda e incorpora a experiência do povo chinês na sua longa luta contra a doença. Caracteriza-se essencialmente pela sua interpretação das funções fisiológicas e alterações patológicas, pelas suas técnicas de diagnóstico específicas e pelos seus princípios terapêuticos próprios. Desta abordagem médica, fazem parte inúmeras técnicas, nomeadamente a Fitoterapia, a Massagem Tui Na, a Dietética, o Qi Qong e a Acupunctura, a única destas técnicas abordada neste trabalho. Além da referida Acupunctura, outras técnicas como a Quiropráctica e a Homeopatia são consideradas como pertencentes à Medicina Integrada, uma corrente holística com difusão a nível global, apesar de todas as dificuldades e obstáculos que surgem na conciliação de algumas das suas técnicas e a Medicina dita convencional, baseada na evidência. Actualmente, o número de estudos científicos relativos aos métodos que abrange é imenso, visando explicar os seus mecanismos de funcionamento, embora alguns permaneçam por esclarecer. A clínica de equinos, em particular equinos de desporto, recai, frequentemente, sobre problemas ortopédicos, com especial destaque para claudicações e problemas vertebrais; alterações e/ou desvios comportamentais, os quais se reflectem nos resultados obtidos em provas; e problemas de performance e/ou vontade dos proprietários de explorarem ao máximo as potencialidades dos seus animais, visando retirar um desempenho o mais exímio possível. Apesar das inúmeras abordagens possíveis a qualquer alteração ortopédica em curso e das infinitas moléculas às quais se pode recorrer para exponenciar a performance do atleta de quatro patas, estas opções e decisões geralmente acarretam grandes desvantagens, as quais se prendem, essencialmente com os efeitos secundários nefastos das moléculas utilizadas, além dos custos elevados aos quais estão associadas. Em acréscimo, a abordagem alopática não contempla o perfil comportamental do equino, pelo que desvios e/ou problemas comportamentais e de stress não são passíveis de serem resolvidos à luz da medicina ocidental, mas encontrando soluções quando se opta por uma abordagem segundo as Medicinas Complementares e integradas. Apesar da controvérsia gerada em torno da Homeopatia, em particular, e do reduzido número de estudos relativos a doenças específicas em equinos, tratadas com Acupunctura e Quiropráctica, os estudos e resultados obtidos em humanos são muito positivos e satisfatórios, pelo que será seguro afirmar-se que a Medicina Complementar ou Integrada oferece abordagens terapêuticas e de diagnóstico seguras como complemento na prática clínica de equinos. Apesar de uma amostra reduzida, com poucos casos clínicos, e das limitações em termos do acompanhamento da evolução de cada caso apresentado, por razões logísticas e de sigilo profissional, além dos custos inerentes, observou-se uma evolução positiva sempre que se recorreu à aplicação e utilização de técnicas da Medicina Complementar, tanto na aceitação dos proprietários, como na aceitação dos próprios animais e na evolução/recuperação da doença em curso. Tais resultados apontam para uma necessidade de estudos mais completos sobre estas técnicas em equinos, reunindo uma amostra mais significativa, grupo de controlo, avaliação cega e maior tempo de tratamento, para ser possível avaliar a fundo a eficácia de cada uma das técnicas, em animais num mesmo ambiente e com a mesma doença. Ao longo do estágio, a aplicação destas técnicas mesmo em animais com um carácter mais difícil ou menos tolerantes na manipulação com bons resultados de aceitação permitiu concluir que, apesar da irascibilidade de alguns temperamentos dos pacientes abordados, os tratamentos foram perfeitamente aceites. Desta forma, parece ser indicador de que, em animais de temperamento mais dócil, este tipo de abordagem seja aceite ainda com maior facilidade.
ABSTRACT - The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a type of practical approach of Medicine, both in human health and in animal health which refers to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. This philosophical approach incorporates the experience of the Chinese people in their long struggle against the disease. It’s characterized primarily by its interpretation of physiological functions and pathological changes, by their specific diagnostic techniques and therapeutic principles. This medical approach is a universe of techniques including herbal medicine, Tui Na massage, special Diet, Qi Qong and Acupuncture the only technique discussed in the present paper. In addition to Acupuncture other techniques such as Chiropractic and Homeopathy are considered as belonging to the Integrated Medicine, a holistic approach spread worldwide in spite of all difficulties and obstacles when combining some of its techniques with the Eastern evidence-based Medicine. In present times, the number of scientific studies regarding the methods used in TCM is very high … even though some remain unexplained. Equine practice, particularly sport horses, relies essentially on orthopedic problems, mainly lameness and vertebral pathologies; behavioral pathologies and/or deviations that influence the results obtained in competitions; and performance issues and/or the need for the owners to explore their horse’s potential to the maximum hoping to obtain the best results. There are several different ways of approaching an orthopedic pathology and an infinite number of molecules that can be used to enhance the four-legged athlete performance. However, these options and decisions often come with a cost and many great disadvantages associated essentially with the secondary and undesirable effects that may develop due to its usage. In addition, the allopathic approach does not take into consideration the behavioral profile of the horse, hence behavioral pathologies and/or deviations and stress are not taken into account or able to be solved in light of Eastern Medicine. Nevertheless, when undertaken by the TCM approach solutions can be found. Even though Homeopathy generates much controversy, and there are few studies regarding specific pathologies in equine practice treated with Acupuncture and Quiropractics, the studies and results obtained in humans are very positive and satisfactory. Thus it is possible to say that TCM offers safe therapeutic and diagnostic complementary in the equine practice. In spite of the reduced population sample, with few clinical trials and case studies, and the limitations in the follow-up of each case study a positive evolution was evident every time TCM was used. There was also an increase and evident owner’s and horse’s acceptance. Such results point towards the necessity of more complete studies regarding these techniques in equine practice, gathering a more significant population sample, control group, blind trials and a wider period of time in order to be possible to make a deep assessment of the real efficacy of each of the techniques in a constant environment and with the same pathology. During this training period the application of these techniques, even in animals with a more complicated temperament or less tolerant to manipulation, obtained good results acceptance and led to the conclusion that in spite of the difficult temperament the patients the treatments were perfectly accepted. This suggests that in animals with a softer temper this approach would be even better accepted.

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Silva, Eduardo Nunes da. "Medicinas alternativas e complementares e agricultura ecológica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/103317.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis, 2010
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A presente dissertação objetiva entrelaçar as Medicinas Alternativas e Complementares (MAC) e a Agricultura Ecológica (AE) no âmbito da Saúde Coletiva (SC). Parte-se do princípio que a SC deve socorrer-se de outros setores com vistas a enfrentar os desafios que lhe são colocados pelas crises na atenção à saúde e no meio ambiente. A metodologia se dividiu em dois momentos. No primeiro, realizou-se uma reflexão teórica sobre características da ciência moderna e suas influências na sociedade, nas áreas da saúde e da agricultura, além do contexto que ensejou o surgimento da Saúde Coletiva, das MAC e da AE. Ademais, se construiu um esboço das afinidades e disparidades entre as duas áreas que são de interesse à SC e um esquema teórico baseado em algumas ideias de Bruno Latour e Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Essas ideias ressaltam a importância epistemológica e os significados políticos das redes. No segundo momento, em uma aproximação empírica das possíveis redes que envolvessem as duas áreas, foram entrevistadas 12 pessoas, divididas em três grupos de quatro: praticantes de MAC no Sistema Único de Saúde, praticantes de AE que vendem seus produtos de forma direta e usuários/consumidores das duas áreas. A pesquisa demonstrou que há muitas afinidades e potencialidades entre as MAC e a AE que são de interesse para a SC, apesar destas estarem um tanto dispersas e não articuladas. Enseja-se, dessa forma, uma ampliação desse diálogo, buscando uma atenção à saúde mais integral e que assuma a autonomia e o empoderamento das comunidades como valores sociais relevantes para a Saúde Coletiva, coerentes com as propostas das MAC e da AE.

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Borges, Anelise Miritz. "Plantas medicinais no cuidado em saúde de moradores da Ilha dos Marinheiros: contribuições à enfermagem." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1892.

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Medicinal plants are therapeutic resources incorporated into the plan of individuals care since the first civilization groups, which seeking strategies in nature to improve their living conditions and ensure its survival. So, many cultures, especially indigenous, African and European, influenced the building of knowledge and consumption of medicinal plants. This action contributed to the promotion of ethnic and cultural variability in Brazil and, consequently, to the emergence of various uses worldwide of plants for medical purposes. The aim of this study was to understand the use of medicinal plants in health care by residents of Ilha dos Marinheiros, southern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The research was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive and was conducted at Ilha dos Marinheiros, county of Rio Grande. This work was part of the project "Bioactive plants for human use by families of ecological farmers in southern Rio Grande do Sul state", developed by the School of Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas and Embrapa Temperate Agriculture. Twelve key informants were selected by the method of snow-ball proposed by Goodman. Data were collected from February to July 2010. The instruments used were semistructured interviews, photographic documentation of plants, eco-map, georeferencing and field observation. The theoretical approach is based on understanding the culture and health by Clifford Geertz and Madeleine Leininger. The study was approved by Ethics and Research Committee, School of Medicine, UFPel (072/2007) and received authorization by Center for Continuing Education of Rio Grande Health (42/09). A thematic analysis, structured into two themes, was: health practices and medicinal plants in the context of Ilha dos Marinheiros, discussing the interfaces with nursing. Among the results, it is emphasized that medicinal plants are part of local history and culture, and represent an important resource for the attainment of health care among the islanders. This community is composed mainly by Portuguese descents, which have a popular knowledge learned from their family generations, and use medicinal plants without any specific dosage and without taxonomic identification, both for minimize a symptom and for prevent a disease. Thus, ethnobotanical rescue and scientific knowledge needs to be connected with the process of transculturation of popular knowledge related to medicinal plants, so that nursing uses them in search of the appreciation of local culture with effective practices in health.
As plantas medicinais são recursos terapêuticos incorporados no plano de cuidado dos indivíduos desde a existência dos primeiros grupos civilizatórios, que buscavam na natureza estratégias para aprimorar a sua condição de vida e garantir a sua sobrevivência. Assim, várias culturas, em especial a indígena, a africana e a européia, influenciaram na edificação dos saberes e no consumo das plantas medicinais. Esta ação colaborou para o fomento da variabilidade étnica e cultural do Brasil e, por conseqüência, o surgimento de várias formas de utilização das plantas com fins terapêuticos no mundo todo. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender a utilização das plantas medicinais no cuidado a saúde dos moradores da Ilha dos Marinheiros, sul do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa foi qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva conduzida na Ilha dos Marinheiros, município de Rio Grande. Este trabalho fez parte do projeto Plantas bioativas de uso humano por famílias de agricultores de base ecológica na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul , desenvolvido pela Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Pelotas e Embrapa Clima Temperado. Foram abordados 12 informantes-chaves, selecionados a partir do método de bola-de-neve proposto por Goodman. A coleta de dados ocorreu de fevereiro a julho de 2010. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista semiestruturada gravada, registro fotográfico das plantas, ecomapa, georreferenciamento e observação de campo. O referencial teórico adotado se fundamenta na compreensão da cultura e saúde por Clifford Geertz e Madeleine Leininger. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina UFPel (072/2007) e recebeu autorização do Núcleo de Educação Permanente da Saúde de Rio Grande (42/09). Foi utilizada a análise temática, estruturada em dois temas: as práticas de saúde e as plantas medicinais no contexto da Ilha dos Marinheiros, discutindo-se nesta as interfaces com a enfermagem. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que as plantas medicinais fazem parte da história e cultura locais e representam um recurso importante para a realização do cuidado em saúde entre os ilhéus. Composta predominantemente por descendentes de imigrantes portugueses, esta comunidade é munida de um saber popular aprendido entre as suas gerações familiares, e utiliza as plantas medicinais tanto para minimizar um sintoma que interfira na saúde, como para prevenir uma situação de mal-estar ou doença. Esta ação é realizada sem dosagem e identificação taxonômica específicas. Deste modo, o resgate etnobotânico e o conhecimento científico necessitam estar conectados com o processo de transculturação dos saberes populares sobre as plantas medicinais, de forma que a enfermagem as utilize em busca da valorização da cultura local com práticas eficazes em saúde.

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Lunat, Imran. "Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use in HIV-positive patients." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1388.

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The standard anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS have significant side effects resulting in a lack of adherence and the emergence of multidrug resistant viral strains. These drugs are also expensive, making it essential to investigate all alternatives to classical HIV/AIDS treatment. A wide variety of nonconventional medicines are used by patients for the treatment HIV and for symptoms associated with HIV. So long as they are safe and effective, traditional, complementary and alternative medicines (TCAMs) may be considered more advantageous for developing countries as they are relatively cheap, more accessible and widely accepted by local populations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TCAM use in HIV-positive patients, prior to, and during ARV therapy. The study was exploratory, cross sectional and observational in nature. Participants were selected via convenience sampling from the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality, and included 244 HIV-positive patients, 29 health care professionals (HCPs) and 30 traditional, complementary and alternative practitioners (TCAMPs). A wide variety of TCAMs were used by the sample population. These medicines were more commonly used by non-ARV patients (36 percent) compared with ARV patients (22 percent). A significant statistical difference in TCAM use between the ARV and non- ARV population was found in relation to education, employment, period of status awareness, patient opinion of personal health and the reasons for TCAM use. Amongst the HCPs, 24 percent recommended TCAM use prior to ARVs, and 55 percent were aware of patients self-prescribing before and during ARV treatment. Amongst the TCAMPs, 90 percent provided a wide range of TCAMs for HIV, with some giving consideration to conventional management. TCAMs are commonly used by HIV-positive patients on ARVs, as well as by those not on ARVs. These medicines are also the preferred form of treatment for those not seeking conventional treatment. TCAMs are widely available and recommended by TCAMPs as well as some HCPs. Due to public health concerns, clinical trials of the widely used TCAMs are crucial in order to establish the safety and efficacy of these medicines in HIV.

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Jones, M. C. "Consumers of complementary medicine in South Wales : an ethnographic study." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637454.

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This ethnographic study of consumers of complementary therapies in an area of South Wales examines the ways in which people account for their decisions to seek help from complementary therapists, with particular reference to lay networks of health care. Using the data gathered from interviews with consumers of complementary therapies during the period between 1994 and 1995, the study explores the meanings of treatments for the users of therapies and the metaphors with which they describe their beliefs and actions, with particular reference to the meanings attached to the body in consumers' accounts. Moreover, in examining the experiences of users of complementary therapies, it seeks to understand the growth in popularity of such therapies in Britain in recent years and to ascertain how such cultural change occurs. The study examines the differences between conventional and complementary medicine with particular reference to the nature of the practitioner/patient relationship. It also explores the way in which changes in conventional medical wisdom in recent years have shaped and informed consumers' perceptions. Beliefs about the nature of science and scientific medicine are discussed in this context. Utilising current perspectives in the anthropology of medicine and the sociology of health care, it examines the growth of medical pluralism in Britain. It is suggested that complementary medical practices currently occupy an interstitial area between lay and professional spheres of health seeking behaviour and that this in part accounts for their appeal to consumers.

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