Journal articles: 'Complementary cumulative distribution function'

1

Kaur, Parneet. "Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function for Performance Analysis of OFDM Signals." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 2, no. 5 (2012): 05–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2834-0250507.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Kim, Bongsong. "How to Reveal Magnitude of Gene Signals: Hierarchical Hypergeometric Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function." Evolutionary Bioinformatics 14 (January 2018): 117693431879735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176934318797352.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Iyit, Neslihan. "Modelling world energy security data from multinomial distribution by generalized linear model under different cumulative link functions." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0053.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractEnergy securityis one of the major components of energy sustainability in the world’s energy performance. In this study,energy securityis taken as an ordinal response variable coming from the multinomial distribution with the energy grade levelsA,B,C, andD. Thereafter, the worldenergy securitydata is tried to be statistically modelled by usinggeneralized linear model (GLM)approach for the ordinal response variable under different cumulative link functions. The cumulative link functions comparatively used in this study are cumulative logit, cumulative probit, cumulative complementary log-log, cumulative Cauchit, and cumulative negative log-log. In order to avoid a multicollinearity problem in the data structure, principal component analysis (PCA) technique is integrated with theGLMapproach for the ordinal response variable. In this study, statistically, the importance of determining the best cumulative link function on the accuracy of parameter estimates, confidence intervals, and hypothesis tests in theGLMfor the multinomially distributed response variable is highlighted. In terms of energy evaluation, by usingcumulative logitas the best cumulative link function,energy sources consumptions,electricity productions from nuclear energy,natural gas,oil,coal,and hydroelectric,energy use per capita and energy importsare found to have statistically significant effects onenergy securityin the world’s energy performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sato, Aki Hiro. "A Method to Quantify Risks of Financial Assets: An Empirical Analysis of Japanese Security Prices." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.469.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates unconditional distributions of daily log-returns of Japanese security prices from a comprehensive point of view. The purpose of this article is to estimate a risk distribution of stocks in terms of Value-at-Risk (VaR) in order to select low risk securities from many securities. Daily log-return time series of 1,340 Japanese companies listed on the first section of Tokyo Stock Exchange are examined during the last one decade. I develop a method to estimate VaR by both the maximum likelihood estimation procedure under a q-Gaussian assumption and analytical form of its cumulative distribution function. It is confirmed that they are fitted to q-Gaussian distributions (Student t-distributions) with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. It is found that the complementary cumulative distribution function of VaR has a power-law tail with its characteristic exponent depending on values of the VaR percentile.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Schaeben, Helmut. "Non-Parametric Comparison of Crystallographic Orientation Distributions." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.1258.

Full text

Abstract:

Revisiting a spiral design for X-ray pole figure measurementsand a symbolic definition of a cumulative crystallographic orientation distributiona one-dimensional deterministic approximately uniform sequential design is appliedto evaluate and cumulate a given orientation density function resulting in a properly definedcumulative crystallographic orientation distribution.It provides a complementary means to compare distributionsin terms of graphs and the Kolomogorov-Smirnov distance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chesneau, Christophe. "Study of a unit power-logarithmic distribution." Open Journal of Mathematical Sciences 5, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30538/oms2021.0159.

Full text

Abstract:

This article proposes a new unit distribution based on the power-logarithmic scheme. The corresponding cumulative distribution function is defined by a special ratio of power and logarithmic functions that is dependent on one parameter. We show that this function benefits from great flexibility characterized by a large selection of convex and concave shapes. The other key functions are determined and studied. In particular, we show that the probability density function may take on different decreasing or U shapes, and the hazard rate function has a wide panel of U shapes. These functional capabilities are rare for a one-parameter unit distribution. In addition, we prove certain stochastic order results, provide the expression of the quantile function via the Lambert function, some interesting distributional results, and give simple expressions for the ordinary moments, mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, moment generating function and incomplete moments. Subsequently, a basic statistical approach is described, to show how the new distribution can be applied in a data analysis scenario. Finally, complementary mathematical findings are presented, yielding new integrals linked to the Euler constant via some well-known moments properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hassan, Amal, Salwa Assar, and Kareem Ali. "The complementary Poisson-Lindley class of distributions." International Journal of Advanced Statistics and Probability 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijasp.v3i2.4624.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposed a new general class of continuous lifetime distributions, which is a complementary to the Poisson-Lindley family proposed by Asgharzadeh et al. [3]. The new class is derived by compounding the maximum of a random number of independent and identically continuous distributed random variables, and Poisson-Lindley distribution. Several properties of the proposed class are discussed, including a formal proof of probability density, cumulative distribution, and reliability and hazard rate functions. The unknown parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method and the Fisher’s information matrix elements are determined. Some sub-models of this class are investigated and studied in some details. Finally, a real data set is analyzed to illustrate the performance of new distributions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Walsh, Anthony J., John A. O’Dowd, Vivian M. Bessler, Kai Shi, Frank Smyth, James M. Dailey, Bryan Kelleher, Liam P. Barry, and Andrew D. Ellis. "Characterization of time-resolved laser differential phase using 3D complementary cumulative distribution functions." Optics Letters 37, no. 10 (May 15, 2012): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.001769.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Prasetyo, Rindang Bangun, Heri Kuswanto, Nur Iriawan, and Brodjol Sutijo Suprih Ulama. "Binomial Regression Models with a Flexible Generalized Logit Link Function." Symmetry 12, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12020221.

Full text

Abstract:

In binomial regression, a link function is used to join the linear predictor variables and the expectation of the response variable. This paper proposes a flexible link function from a new class of generalized logistic distribution, namely a flexible generalized logit (glogit) link. This approach considers both symmetric and asymmetric models, including the cases of lighter and heavier tails, as compared to standard logistic. The glogit is created from the inverse cumulative distribution function of the exponentiated-exponential logistic (EEL) distribution. Using a Bayesian framework, we conduct a simulation study to investigate the model performance compared to the most commonly used link functions, e.g., logit, probit, and complementary log–log. Furthermore, we compared the proposed model with several other asymmetric models using two previously published datasets. The results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing ones and provides flexibility fitting the experimental dataset. Another attractive aspect of the model are analytically tractable and can be easily implemented under a Bayesian approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Helton, J. C. "Probability, conditional probability and complementary cumulative distribution functions in performance assessment for radioactive waste disposal." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 54, no. 2-3 (November 1996): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(96)00072-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Helton, Jon C., and Harold J. Iuzzolino. "Construction of complementary cumulative distribution functions for comparison with the EPA release limits for radioactive waste disposal." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 40, no. 3 (January 1993): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(93)90065-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wirastuti, N. M. A. E. D. "Understanding Peak Average Power Ratio in VFFT-OFDM Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 776 (July 2015): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.419.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes an impairment commonly encountered in an OFDM system that must be considered in the design that is peak average power ratio (PAPR). In these studies, a statistical approach to analysing PAPR is suggested. The PAPR statistics of OFDM and VFFT-OFDM are studied by simulation of the statistical distribution of the quantity that is the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of the PAPR. The simulation results show that the simulated CCDF of PAPR, the 1% PAPR of OFDM is about 11.40 dB, whereas for VFFT-OFDM this rises to less than 3% of the time. Simulations show that by employing VFFT in OFDM system results in a 0.55 dB deterioration in the PAPR 1% of time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kemper, Roman, Tábata A. Bublitz, Phillip Müller, Timo Kautz, Thomas F. Döring, and Miriam Athmann. "Vertical Root Distribution of Different Cover Crops Determined with the Profile Wall Method." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110503.

Full text

Abstract:

Many benefits of cover crops such as prevention of nitrate leaching, erosion reduction, soil organic carbon enhancement and improvement of soil structure are associated with roots. However, including root characteristics as a criterion for cover crop selection requires more knowledge on their root growth dynamics. Seven cover crop species (crimson clover, winter rye, bristle oats, blue lupin, oil radish, winter turnip rape and phacelia) were grown in a two-year organically managed field experiment in Germany to screen them for root intensity and vertical root distribution. Root length density (RLD) and proportion of root length in large-sized biopores were determined before and after winter with the profile wall method. RLD and cumulative root length were analysed using a three-parameter logistic function, and a logistic dose-response function, respectively. Fibrous rooted winter rye and crimson clover showed high RLD in topsoil and had a shallow cumulative root distribution. Their RLD increased further during winter in topsoil and subsoil. The crops with the highest RLD in the subsoil were taprooted oil radish, winter turnip rape and phacelia. Bristle oat had intermediate features. Blue lupin had low RLD in topsoil and subsoil. Phacelia, oil radish, winter turnip rape and bristle oat showed the highest share of root length in biopores. These complementary root characteristics suggest that combining cover crops of different root types in intercropping may be used to enhance overall RLD for maximizing cover crop benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ilatovsky, Andrey V., and Vladislav A. Lanzov. "DNA Repeats in Bacterial Genome and Intracellular Activity of Homologous Recombinase." Ecological genetics 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen9162-69.

Full text

Abstract:

In present work distribution of perfect direct and inverted repeats in a set of bacterial genomes was analysed. Complementary cumulative distribution functions of repeat frequency for 36 bacterial strains are nonrandom and have certain characteristic features. Inverse relation of direct repeats frequency to recombinogenic activity is shown for reference E. сoli К-12 strain and P. aeruginosa strain with hyperrecombinogenic RecA protein. In general, direct repeat frequency is higher in nonpathogenic strains than that in pathogens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Fall, Mangone, Xiang Gao, Rui Deng, and Zhangdui Zhong. "Performance Analysis of Visible Light Communication Based on 16-QAM Companded OFDM Using Laser Diode." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0156.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this paper, a 16-QAM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with companding technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in a high-speed visible laser light communication setup with low-cost 450 nm blue-light laser diode. Companding technique is used to reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signal. The experimental results show a successfully achieved 2.5 Gb/s under 5 m free space transmission and a PAPR reduction of about 3.2 dB at a fixed complementary cumulative distribution function of 10–3 when compared with the regular one without any technique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Chehrazi, Mohammad, Seyed Hassan Saadat, Mahmoud Hajiahmadi, and Mirko Spiroski. "A Flexible Skewed Link Model for Ordinal Outcomes: An Application to Infertility." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (April 5, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4386.

Full text

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: An important issue in modeling categorical response data is the choice of the links. The commonly used complementary log-log link is inclined to link misspecification due to its positive and fixed skewness parameter. AIM: The objective of this paper is to introduce a flexible skewed link function for modeling ordinal data with some covariates. METHODS: We introduce a flexible skewed link model for the cumulative ordinal regression model based on Chen model. RESULTS: The main advantage suggested by the proposed links is the skewed link provide much more identifiable than the existing skewed links. The propriety of posterior distributions under proper and improper priors is explored in detail. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is developed for sampling from the posterior distribution. CONCLUSION: The proposed methodology is motivated and illustrated by ovary hyperstimulation syndrome data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mokhtar, Iram Maisarah, Norulhusna Ahmad, Hazilah Mad Kaidi, Mohd Azri Mohd Izhar, and Norliza Mohamed. "PAPR Reduction Techniques in Generalized Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Non-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing System." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i3.pp1045-1052.

Full text

Abstract:

A promising system of Generalized Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform Non-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (GIDFT n-OFDM) system can fulfil the requirement of supporting higher data rate in Fifth Generation (5G) technology. However, this system experience High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) due to massive number of subcarriers signal is transmitted. In this paper, three types of usual PAPR reduction techniques were applied in GIDFT n-OFDM system which are Clipping, Partial transmit Transform (PTS) and Selective Mapping (SLM). The system performance is compared and evaluated using Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) plot. Simulation results show that SLM technique give significant reduction of PAPR 9 dB of the original performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Mahender, Kommabatla, Tipparti Anil Kumar, and K. S Ramesh. "PAPR Analysis of Fifth Generation Multiple Access Waveforms for Advanced Wireless Communication." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19364.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes the aspects of multiple access for emerging (5G) Wireless Communication Systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is best suited for fourth generation (4G) but it suffers from the problem of high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) & Side band leakage. Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) has worked like an alternative to OFDMA only in the uplink process and PAPR was reduced. OFDM based 4G network is not capable of supporting diverse applications and these applications can be implemented by 5G. High traffic requirements of 5G can be evaluated by using multiple access schemes, namely filter-bank multi-carrier (FBMC), universal-filtered multi-carrier (UFMC), generalized frequency-division multiplexing (GFDM). Comparison of PAPR reduction is done based on Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF), for various multiple access 5G waveforms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Peñaherrera, María, and Diego Reinoso. "Evaluaciónde OPS para la Reducción de la PAPR en un SistemaOFDM conCanal Multitrayecto." Revista Politécnica 44, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33333/rp.vol44n2.04.

Full text

Abstract:

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) es una tecnología de comunicacióninalámbrica que tiene ventajas como alta eficiencia espectral, alta tasa de transmisión y es robusta a la propagación por mulitrayecto. Sin embargo, su principal desventaja es que tienealta PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio).Este artículo presenta la evaluaciónde la técnica OPS (Orthogonal Pilot Sequence) para la reducción de la PAPR en un sistema OFDM con canal multitrayecto. Para la evaluación se consideran dos tipos de canalesmultitrayecto selectivos en frecuencia, con y sin línea de vista. Se evalúa la técnica OPS obteniendola gráfica del BER (Bit Error Rate)vs Eb/No (energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio) y la gráfica de la CCDF (Cumulative Complementary Distribution Function) para distintos parámetros. Losresultados muestran una reducción de la PAPR cuando se utiliza la técnica OPS y una mejora en el BER.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Youssef, M. I., A. E. Emam, and M. Abd Khalifa. "ICI and PAPR enhancement in MIMO-OFDM system using RNS coding." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp1209-1219.

Full text

Abstract:

The Inter-Carrier-Interference (ICI) is considered a bottleneck in the utilization of Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, due to the sensitivity of the OFDM towards frequency offsets which lead to loss of orthogonality, interference and performance degradation. In this paper Residue Numbers as a coding scheme is impeded in MIMO-OFDM systems, where the ICI levels is measured and evaluated with respect to conventional ICI mitigation techniques implemented in MIMO-OFDM. The Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (CIR), the system Bit-Error-Rate (BER) and the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) for MIMO-OFDM system with Residue Number System (RNS) coding are analyzed and evaluated. The results had demonstrated a performance of transmission model with and without RNS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Dhulipala, Somayajulu L. N., Adrian Rodriguez-Marek, and Madeleine M. Flint. "Computation of Vector Hazard Using Salient Features of Seismic Hazard Deaggregation." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 4 (November 2018): 1893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/080117eqs149m.

Full text

Abstract:

Deaggregation is one of the products of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) suitable for identifying the relative contributions of various magnitude-distance bins to a hazard or intensity measure (IM) level. In this paper, we elucidate some interesting features of deaggregations, such as: their monotonically decreasing nature with IM; their invariance to any minimum IM level; and the pertinence of their bins to a complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). We use these features of hazard deaggregation along with copula functions in a simplified method for computing vector deaggregation and vector hazard given the scalar counterparts. We validate our simplified procedure at a hypothetical site surrounded by multiple fault sources where seismic hazard is calculated using a logic tree. We also demonstrate the application of our approach to a real site in Los Angeles, CA. Finally, we explore whether the invariance property of deaggregations can be used to compute scalar hazard curves using new ground motion prediction models/IMs, and find that for low to moderate levels of IM, a reasonable approximation is obtained.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Wang, S., and K. Komvopoulos. "A Fractal Theory of the Interfacial Temperature Distribution in the Slow Sliding Regime: Part II—Multiple Domains, Elastoplastic Contacts and Applications." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927341.

Full text

Abstract:

The limitation of the fractal theory as applied to real surfaces is interpreted, and engineering surfaces are considered as a superimposition of fractal structures on macroscopic regular shapes by introducing the concepts of fractal-regular surfaces and multiple fractal domains. The effects of frictional heating at neighboring microcontacts are analyzed, and a simple solution of the temperature distribution is obtained for contact regions that are appreciably larger than a fractal domain. It is shown that the temperature rise at an elastoplastic microcontact does not differ significantly from that at an elastic microcontact of a similar geometry under the same load. The fractional real contact area subjected to temperature rises greater than any given value is represented by a complementary cumulative distribution function. The analysis yields that the average value and standard deviation of the temperature rise at the real contact area are 0.4 and 0.24 times the maximum temperature rise, respectively. The implications of the theory in boundary lubrication are demonstrated in light of results for ceramic materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hao, Lili, Dongyi Wang, Yang Tao, Wenyong Cheng, Jing Li, and Zehan Liu. "The Extended SLM Combined Autoencoder of the PAPR Reduction Scheme in DCO-OFDM Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050852.

Full text

Abstract:

End-to-end learning in optical communication systems is a promising technique to solve difficult communication problems, especially for peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The less complex, highly adaptive hardware and advantages in the analysis of unknown or complex channels make deep learning a valid tool to improve system performance. In this paper, we propose an autoencoder network combined with extended selected mapping methods (ESLM-AE) to reduce the PAPR for the DC-biased optical OFDM system and to minimize the bit error rate (BER). The constellation mapping/de-mapping of the transmitted symbols and the phase factor of each subcarrier are acquired and optimized adaptively by training the autoencoder with a combined loss function. In the loss function, both the PAPR and BER performance are taken into account. The simulation results show that a significant PAPR reduction of more than 10 dB has been achieved by using the ESLM-AE scheme in terms of the complementary cumulative distribution function. Furthermore, the proposed scheme exhibits better BER performance compared to the standard PAPR reduction methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Lazaropoulos, Athanasios G. "Broadband over Power Lines Systems Convergence: Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communications Analysis of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage BPL Networks." ISRN Power Engineering 2013 (September 15, 2013): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/517940.

Full text

Abstract:

This review paper reveals the broadband potential of overhead and underground low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) broadband over power lines (BPL) networks associated with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The contribution of this review paper is fourfold. First, the unified value decomposition (UVD) modal analysis is introduced. UVD modal analysis is a new technique that unifies eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) modal analyses achieving the common handling of traditional SISO/BPL and upcoming MIMO/BPL systems. The validity of UVD modal analysis is examined by comparing its simulation results with those of other exact analytical models. Second, based on the proposed UVD modal analysis, the MIMO channels of overhead and underground LV and MV BPL networks (distribution BPL networks) are investigated with regard to their inherent characteristics. Towards that direction, an extended collection of well-validated metrics from the communications literature, such as channel attenuation, average channel gain (ACG), root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS), coherence bandwidth (CB), cumulative capacity, capacity complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF), and capacity gain (GC), is first applied in overhead and underground MIMO/LV and MIMO/MV BPL channels and systems. It is found that the results of the aforementioned metrics portfolio depend drastically on the frequency, the power grid type (either overhead or underground, either LV or MV), the MIMO scheme configuration properties, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, three interesting findings concerning the statistical properties of MIMO channels of distribution BPL networks are demonstrated, namely, (i) the ACG, RMS-DS, and cumulative capacity lognormal distributions; (ii) the correlation between RMS-DS and ACG; and (iii) the correlation between RMS-DS and CB. By fitting the numerical results, unified regression distributions appropriate for MIMO/BPL channels and systems are proposed. These three fundamental properties can play significant role in the evaluation of recently proposed statistical channel models for various BPL systems. Fourth, the potential of transformation of overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL distribution grids to an alternative solution to fiber-to-the-building (FTTB) technology is first revealed. By examining the capacity characteristics of various MIMO scheme configurations and by comparing these capacity results against SISO ones, a new promising urban backbone network seems to be born in a smart grid (SG) environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Helton, J. C., and A. W. Shiver. "A Monte Carlo Procedure for the Construction of Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions for Comparison with the EPA Release Limits for Radioactive Waste Disposal." Risk Analysis 16, no. 1 (February 1995): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1995.tb00763.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Helton, J. C., and A. W. Shiver. "A Monte Carlo Procedure for the Construction of Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions for Comparison with the EPA Release Limits for Radioactive Waste Disposal." Risk Analysis 16, no. 1 (February 1996): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01435.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Prasad Yadav, Shatrughna, and Subhash Chandra Bera. "PAPR Reduction for Improved Efficiency of OFDM Modulation for Next Generation Communication Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i5.10878.

Full text

Abstract:

Highly linear power amplifiers are required for transferring large amount of data for future communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides high data rate transmission capability with robustness to radio channel impairments. It has been widely accepted for future communication for different services. But, it suffers from high value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High value of PAPR drives high power amplifier into its saturation region and causes it to operate in the nonlinear region. In this paper, comparative study of four different PAPR reduction techniques: clipping and filtering (CF), selective mapping method (SLM), partial transmit sequence (PTS) and DFT- spread technique have been done. Mathematical modeling and Matlab simulations have been performed to arrive at the results with 4 QAM modulation format and 1024 number of sub carriers. At 0.01 % of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) significant reduction of 11.3, 3.5, 3.4 and 1.0 dB have been obtained with DFT- spread, SLM, PTS and CF techniques respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Prasad Yadav, Shatrughna, and Subhash Chandra Bera. "PAPR Reduction for Improved Efficiency of OFDM Modulation for Next Generation Communication Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2310-2321.

Full text

Abstract:

Highly linear power amplifiers are required for transferring large amount of data for future communication. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides high data rate transmission capability with robustness to radio channel impairments. It has been widely accepted for future communication for different services. But, it suffers from high value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). High value of PAPR drives high power amplifier into its saturation region and causes it to operate in the nonlinear region. In this paper, comparative study of four different PAPR reduction techniques: clipping and filtering (CF), selective mapping method (SLM), partial transmit sequence (PTS) and DFT- spread technique have been done. Mathematical modeling and Matlab simulations have been performed to arrive at the results with 4 QAM modulation format and 1024 number of sub carriers. At 0.01 % of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) significant reduction of 11.3, 3.5, 3.4 and 1.0 dB have been obtained with DFT- spread, SLM, PTS and CF techniques respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Stoelzel, D. M., D. G. O'Brien, J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, and L. N. Smith. "Direct releases to the surface and associated complementary cumulative distribution functions in the 1996 performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: direct brine release." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 69, no. 1-3 (September 2000): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00038-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Stockman, C. T., J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, A. Shinta, and L. N. Smith. "Radionuclide transport in the vicinity of the repository and associated complementary cumulative distribution functions in the 1996 performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 69, no. 1-3 (September 2000): 369–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00039-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ramsey, J. L., R. Blaine, J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, L. N. Smith, and M. Wallace. "Radionuclide and colloid transport in the Culebra Dolomite and associated complementary cumulative distribution functions in the 1996 performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 69, no. 1-3 (September 2000): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00040-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Berglund, J. W., J. W. Garner, J. C. Helton, J. D. Johnson, and L. N. Smith. "Direct releases to the surface and associated complementary cumulative distribution functions in the 1996 performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant: cuttings, cavings and spallings." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 69, no. 1-3 (September 2000): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(00)00036-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Le, Ngoc Phuc, Le Chung Tran, and Farzad Safaei. "Energy-Efficiency Analysis of Per-Subcarrier Antenna Selection with Peak-Power Reduction in MIMO-OFDM Wireless Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/313195.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of per-subcarrier antenna subset selection in OFDM wireless systems offers higher system capacity and/or improved link reliability. However, the implementation of the conventional per-subcarrier selection scheme may result in significant fluctuations of the average power and peak power across antennas, which affects the potential benefits of the system. In this paper, power efficiency of high-power amplifiers and energy efficiency in per-subcarrier antenna selection MIMO-OFDM systems are investigated. To deliver the maximum overall power efficiency, we propose a two-step strategy for data-subcarrier allocation. This strategy consists of an equal allocation of data subcarriers based on linear optimization and peak-power reduction via cross-antenna permutations. For analysis, we derive the CCDF (complementary cumulative distribution function) of the power efficiency as well as the analytical expressions of the average power efficiency. It is proved from the power-efficiency perspective that the proposed allocation scheme outperforms the conventional scheme. We also show that the improvement in the power efficiency translates into an improved capacity and, in turn, increases energy efficiency of the proposed system. Simulation results are provided to validate our analyses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Freag, Haitham, Emad S. Hassan, Sami A. El-Dolil, and Moawad I. Dessouky. "New Hybrid PAPR Reduction Techniques for OFDM-Based Visible Light Communication Systems." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used with visible light communication (VLC) systems to reduce the effects of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and to achieve communication with high speed of data transmission and huge bandwidth. However, OFDM-based VLC systems suffer from high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs). This paper proposes a new hybrid PAPR reduction technique based on signal transformation combined with clipping. The Hadamard transform is used in the proposed technique due to its advantages in reducing the PAPR without affecting the bit error rate (BER) of VLC systems. The optimum clipping threshold at which we can simultaneously reduce the PAPR and improve the BER of VLC systems is also determined. In this paper, we also propose a new OFDM structure based on using discrete cosine transform (DCT) precoding before inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) stage to further improve the PAPR reduction capability and BER performance. Several experiments are carried out to test the performance of the proposed technique in terms of complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) and the BER. The obtained results show that the proposed technique can simultaneously reduce the PAPR and achieve good BER performance when compared to the original OFDM-based VLC system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Gadiel, Godwin M., Kamwe Ibwe, and M. M. Kisaka. "Blind Algorithm Development for Peak to Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems under Frequency Selective Channels." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 192–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v38i2.504.

Full text

Abstract:

One major drawback of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is peak to average power ratio (PAPR). This effect causes high power amplifier (HPA) to introduce intermodulation and out of band radiation as the signal goes through, thus degrades the performance of OFDM systems. This paper proposes blind algorithms which takes advantage of signal transformation technique and signal distortion technique. Simulation results show that at complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) level of 10-3 , the proposed algorithm achieved 3.2 dB PAPR improvement compared to discrete Fourier transform with interleaved frequency division multiple access (DFT-IFDMA) based algorithm. The bit error rate (BER) performance has degraded by 2 dB compared to the original OFDM signal with no distortion under frequency selective channel (FCS) at BER of 10-4 . These presented results, mark this algorithm as a better candidate for PAPR reduction algorithm in long term evolution (LTE) network. Under AWGN channels, the proposed algorithm performs better both in low and high signal power values. Under frequency selective channels, the existing and proposed algorithm converges after 10 dB of signal to noise power values. The low BER transmissions at low signal power values signify energy efficiency, ideal for portable wireless devices with limited battery power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Shah, Manasvi S., Scott L. Schwartz, Chen Zhao, Laurie A. Davidson, Beiyan Zhou, Joanne R. Lupton, Ivan Ivanov, and Robert S. Chapkin. "Integrated microRNA and mRNA expression profiling in a rat colon carcinogenesis model: effect of a chemo-protective diet." Physiological Genomics 43, no. 10 (May 2011): 640–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00213.2010.

Full text

Abstract:

We have recently demonstrated that nutritional bioactives (fish oil and pectin) modulate microRNA molecular switches in the colon. Since integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression at an early stage of colon cancer development is lacking, in this study, four computational approaches were utilized to test the hypothesis that microRNAs and their posttranscriptionally regulated mRNA targets, i.e., both total mRNAs and actively translated mRNA transcripts, are differentially modulated by carcinogen and diet treatment. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing corn oil ± fish oil with pectin ± cellulose and injected with azoxymethane or saline (control). Colonic mucosa was assayed at an early time of cancer progression, and global gene set enrichment analysis was used to obtain those microRNAs significantly enriched by the change in expression of their putative target genes. In addition, cumulative distribution function plots and functional network analyses were used to evaluate the impact of diet and carcinogen combination on mRNA levels induced via microRNA alterations. Finally, linear discriminant analysis was used to identify the best single-, two-, and three-microRNA combinations for classifying dietary effects and colon tumor development. We demonstrate that polysomal profiling is tightly related to microRNA changes when compared with total mRNA profiling. In addition, diet and carcinogen exposure modulated a number of microRNAs (miR-16, miR-19b, miR-21, miR26b, miR27b, miR-93, and miR-203) linked to canonical oncogenic signaling pathways. Complementary gene expression analyses showed that oncogenic PTK2B, PDE4B, and TCF4 were suppressed by the chemoprotective diet at both the mRNA and protein levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Ahn, Soi, Sung-Rae Chung, Hyun-Jong Oh, and Chu-Yong Chung. "Composite Aerosol Optical Depth Mapping over Northeast Asia from GEO-LEO Satellite Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061096.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to generate a near real time composite of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to improve predictive model ability and provide current conditions of aerosol spatial distribution and transportation across Northeast Asia. AOD, a proxy for aerosol loading, is estimated remotely by various spaceborne imaging sensors capturing visible and infrared spectra. Nevertheless, differences in satellite-based retrieval algorithms, spatiotemporal resolution, sampling, radiometric calibration, and cloud-screening procedures create significant variability among AOD products. Satellite products, however, can be complementary in terms of their accuracy and spatiotemporal comprehensiveness. Thus, composite AOD products were derived for Northeast Asia based on data from four sensors: Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), Moderate Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Cumulative distribution functions were employed to estimate error statistics using measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). In order to apply the AERONET point-specific error, coefficients of each satellite were calculated using inverse distance weighting. Finally, the root mean square error (RMSE) for each satellite AOD product was calculated based on the inverse composite weighting (ICW). Hourly AOD composites were generated (00:00–09:00 UTC, 2017) using the regression equation derived from the comparison of the composite AOD error statistics to AERONET measurements, and the results showed that the correlation coefficient and RMSE values of composite were close to those of the low earth orbit satellite products (MODIS and VIIRS). The methodology and the resulting dataset derived here are relevant for the demonstrated successful merging of multi-sensor retrievals to produce long-term satellite-based climate data records.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

M. Sana, Ahmed, Amer T. Saeed, and Yaseen Kh. Yaseen. "Investigation on the PAPR performance of odd-bit QAM constellations for DFT spread OFDM systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp1005-1013.

Full text

Abstract:

Adaptive quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is a crucial scheme that enables the modern communication systems to overcome the adverse effects of channel fluctuations and maintain an acceptable spectral efficiency. In order to enhance adaptive modulation even further, adoption of odd-bit QAM constellations alongside even constellations had been suggested to improve the transmission efficiency of adaptive QAM modulation. Hence, odd-bit QAM had been extensively studied, analyzed, and tested by many researchers for various patterns, sizes, and communication systems in terms of bit error rate (BER) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR). However, the PAPR performance of odd-bit QAM constellation with single carrier transmission systems adopted in the uplink of the 4G long term evolution (LTE) standards caught almost no research interest. In this paper, the PAPR performance of both cross and rectangular odd-bit QAM constellations are investigated for DFT-S-OFDM systems. Complementary cumulative distribution functions (CCDFs) and probability density functions (PDFs) curves for PAPR are also obtained. Finally, an equation for PAPR PDF is empirically derived for odd-bit cross QAM based DFT-S-OFDM. The results show that cross odd-bit QAM outperforms the rectangular odd-bit QAM in terms of PAPR by 1.02 dB for 8-QAM and 1.3 dB for 32-QAM. This proves that cross odd-bit QAM is a better choice in terms of PAPR for DFT-S-OFDM systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Gozzi, Caterina, Roberta Sauro Graziano, and Antonella Buccianti. "Part–Whole Relations: New Insights about the Dynamics of Complex Geochemical Riverine Systems." Minerals 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2020): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10060501.

Full text

Abstract:

Nature is often characterized by systems that are far from thermodynamic equilibrium, and rivers are not an exception for the Earth’s critical zone. When the chemical composition of stream waters is investigated, it emerges that riverine systems behave as complex systems. This means that the compositions have properties that depend on the integrity of the whole (i.e., the composition with all the chemical constituents), properties that arise thanks to the innumerable nonlinear interactions between the elements of the composition. The presence of interconnections indicates that the properties of the whole cannot be fully understood by examining the parts of the system in isolation. In this work, we propose investigating the complexity of riverine chemistry by using the CoDA (Compositional Data Analysis) methodology and the performance of the perturbation operator in the simplex geometry. With riverine bicarbonate considered as a key component of regional and global biogeochemical cycles and Ca2+ considered as mostly related to the weathering of carbonatic rocks, perturbations were calculated for subsequent couples of compositions after ranking the data for increasing values of the log-ratio ln(Ca2+/HCO3−). Numerical values were analyzed by using robust principal component analysis and non-parametric correlations between compositional parts (heat map) associated with distributional and multifractal methods. The results indicate that HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr2+ are more resilient, thus contributing to compositional changes for all the values of ln(Ca2+/HCO3−) to a lesser degree with respect to the other chemical elements/components. Moreover, the complementary cumulative distribution function of all the sequences tracing the compositional change and the nonlinear relationship between the Q-th moment versus the scaling exponents for each of them indicate the presence of multifractal variability, thus revealing scaling properties of the fluctuations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Baig, Imran, Umer Farooq, Najam Ul Hasan, Manaf Zghaibeh, and Varun Jeoti. "A Multi-Carrier Waveform Design for 5G and beyond Communication Systems." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091466.

Full text

Abstract:

The next generation communication network (NGCN) is expected to provide higher spectral efficiency, low latency, large throughput and massive machine-to-machine type communications. In this regard, the design of the multi-carrier waveform (MCW) is posing a major research problem for the NGCN. To overcome the stated problem, a lot of state-of-the-art work exists that proposes various MCW alternative to the standard orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. It is true that OFDM was used in a number of real-time communication systems of fourth generation (4G) networks. However, their use in the upcoming fifth generation (5G) network is not very feasible. This is because of the strict requirements of 5G communication systems, which also extend beyond 5G systems; hence rendering the use of OFDM infeasible for newer communication standards. To satisfy the requirements of upcoming communication networks, there is a dire need for MCWs with better flexibility. In this regard, a precoding-based MCW has been proposed. The proposed MCW fulfills the requirements of the NGCN in terms of low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), high spectral efficiency and throughput. The MCW proposed in this work uses power-domain multiplexing such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and phase rotation by using the selective mapping (SLM) and generalized chirp-like (GCL) precoding of the input signal to the universal filtered multi-carriers (UFMC) modulations. Statistical analysis of the PAPR is presented by using the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). The MATLAB® simulations have been carried out to implement the CCDF of PAPR and results show that a PAPR gain of 5.4 dB is obtained when the proposed waveform is compared with the standard NOMA-UFMC waveform at clip rate of 10−3, using 4-QAM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Tellez, Jason A., and Jason D. Schmidt. "Multibeam scintillation cumulative distribution function." Optics Letters 36, no. 2 (January 13, 2011): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.000286.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Nuel, Grégory. "Cumulative distribution function of a geometric Poisson distribution." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 78, no. 3 (March 2008): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10629360600997371.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Aludaat, Khaled M. "On the beta cumulative distribution function." Applied Mathematical Sciences 12, no. 10 (2018): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ams.2018.8241.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Agahi, Hamzeh, and Hossein Mehri-Dehnavi. "Pseudo-cumulative distribution function with applications." Soft Computing 25, no. 15 (June 22, 2021): 9693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05824-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Singh, Simron, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Lida Bubuteishvili-Pacaud, Evgeny Degtyarev, Maureen Neary, Matthias Hunger, Jennifer Eriksson, et al. "Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of gastrointestinal origin in the phase 3 RADIANT-4 trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2017): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.285.

Full text

Abstract:

285 Background: In the RADIANT-4 trial, everolimus (EVE) plus best supportive care (BSC) improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to placebo (PBO) plus BSC in 302 patients with advanced progressive nonfunctional NET of gastrointestinal (GI) or lung origin (Yao, Lancet 2015) and in patients of GI origin only (Singh, ASCO-GI 2016). In addition, HRQoL was maintained with no statistically or clinically relevant differences in patients receiving EVE compared to PBO in the full sample (Pavel, ASCO 2016) and in patients with NET of GI origin (Pavel, NANETS 2016). Complementary analyses are presented to assess treatment effect on HRQoL in the subpopulation of patients with NET of GI origin. Methods: HRQoL was measured with FACT-G, a 27-item validated questionnaire with 4 domains: physical (PWB), social/family (SWB), emotional (EWB), and functional wellbeing (FWB). FACT-G was completed at baseline and every 8 weeks until month 12, then every 12 weeks until study drug discontinuation. Linear mixed models (LMM) were fitted to analyze mean FACT-G total (scale: 0 – 108) and subscale scores over time. A responder analysis in terms of cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of patients mean change from baseline across the entire study period was also conducted. Results: The subgroup of patients with NET of GI origin included 211 patients (141 on EVE and 70 on PBO) with NET of ileum, rectum, jejunum, stomach, duodenum, colon, caecum, appendix, or cancer of unknown primary (CUP), generally known as GI origin. In LMM, FACT-G total score at week 8 was 79.9 (95% CI: 77.7, 81.1) for EVE and 79.9 (95% CI: 77.0, 82.8) for PBO, declining to 77.1 (95% CI: 73.9, 80.4) and 78.7 (95% CI: 73.4, 83.9) at week 48. At each time point, differences in mean scores between treatment arms were lower than the minimally important difference (MID) of 7 points. Differences in mean subscale scores between treatment arms also did not exceed the MID (3 points). CDF plots showed no differences in distributions for the FACT-G total score (p = 0.9348). Conclusions: In addition to PFS benefits, HRQoL is maintained in patients with NET of GI origin receiving EVE despite usual toxicities of active cancer treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT01524783.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Phuong, Cao Xuan. "Deconvolution of Cumulative Distribution Function with Unknown Noise Distribution." Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 170, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 483–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10440-020-00343-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Liu, Rong, and Lijian Yang. "Kernel estimation of multivariate cumulative distribution function." Journal of Nonparametric Statistics 20, no. 8 (November 2008): 661–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10485250802326391.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Tavares, G. N. "Efficient computation of Hoyt cumulative distribution function." Electronics Letters 46, no. 7 (2010): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.0189.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Ramezani Ziarani, Maryam, Bodo Bookhagen, Torsten Schmidt, Jens Wickert, Alejandro de la Torre, Zhiguo Deng, and Andrea Calori. "A Model for the Relationship between Rainfall, GNSS-Derived Integrated Water Vapour, and CAPE in the Eastern Central Andes." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 3788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183788.

Full text

Abstract:

Atmospheric water vapour content is a key variable that controls the development of deep convective storms and rainfall extremes over the central Andes. Direct measurements of water vapour are challenging; however, recent developments in microwave processing allow the use of phase delays from L-band radar to measure the water vapour content throughout the atmosphere: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based integrated water vapour (IWV) monitoring shows promising results to measure vertically integrated water vapour at high temporal resolutions. Previous works also identified convective available potential energy (CAPE) as a key climatic variable for the formation of deep convective storms and rainfall in the central Andes. Our analysis relies on GNSS data from the Argentine Continuous Satellite Monitoring Network, Red Argentina de Monitoreo Satelital Continuo (RAMSAC) network from 1999 to 2013. CAPE is derived from version 2.0 of the ECMWF’s (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) Re-Analysis (ERA-interim) and rainfall from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) product. In this study, we first analyse the rainfall characteristics of two GNSS-IWV stations by comparing their complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). Second, we separately derive the relation between rainfall vs. CAPE and GNSS-IWV. Based on our distribution fitting analysis, we observe an exponential relation of rainfall to GNSS-IWV. In contrast, we report a power-law relationship between the daily mean value of rainfall and CAPE at the GNSS-IWV station locations in the eastern central Andes that is close to the theoretical relationship based on parcel theory. Third, we generate a joint regression model through a multivariable regression analysis using CAPE and GNSS-IWV to explain the contribution of both variables in the presence of each other to extreme rainfall during the austral summer season. We found that rainfall can be characterised with a higher statistical significance for higher rainfall quantiles, e.g., the 0.9 quantile based on goodness-of-fit criterion for quantile regression. We observed different contributions of CAPE and GNSS-IWV to rainfall for each station for the 0.9 quantile. Fourth, we identify the temporal relation between extreme rainfall (the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles) and both GNSS-IWV and CAPE at 6 h time steps. We observed an increase before the rainfall event and at the time of peak rainfall—both for GNSS-integrated water vapour and CAPE. We show higher values of CAPE and GNSS-IWV for higher rainfall percentiles (99th and 95th percentiles) compared to the 90th percentile at a 6-h temporal scale. Based on our correlation analyses and the dynamics of the time series, we show that both GNSS-IWV and CAPE had comparable magnitudes, and we argue to consider both climatic variables when investigating their effect on rainfall extremes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Van Kerm, Philippe. "Kernel-Smoothed Cumulative Distribution Function Estimation with Akdensity." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 12, no. 3 (September 2012): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1201200313.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Complementary cumulative distribution function'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles