Academic literature on the topic 'Competitors of Similar Product'
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Journal articles on the topic "Competitors of Similar Product"
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Bordley, Robert. "Determining the Appropriate Depth and Breadth of a Firm's Product Portfolio." Journal of Marketing Research 40, no. 1 (February 2003): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.40.1.39.19126.
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Some firms have broad product lines; others have lean product lines. To determine the appropriate number of entries in a specific firm's product line, the author develops a model that balances the benefits of increased revenue from a broad product line against production and engineering costs. Two innovations were central in the development of the model: (1) redefining how products are scored on various product attributes so that attribute scores vary normally across the population of products and (2) redefining how the number of entries in a product portfolio is calculated in order to discount the significance of entries that are highly similar to existing products. The author also introduces the notion of a centroid time to more easily adjust sales and total development costs for product life cycle and investment life cycle effects. These redefinitions enable a firm's profit to be modeled as a simple function of its effective number of product entries, the effective number of competitors entries, the total sales in the segment, variable profits adjusted for capacity constraints, and product development costs. This leads to a simple expression for the profit-maximizing number of effective entries, both when competitor portfolios are fixed and when competitors dynamically adjust their portfolios. The author illustrates how to estimate and apply the model on a realistic example.
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Grieser, William, and Zack Liu. "Corporate Investment and Innovation in the Presence of Competitor Constraints." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 11 (February 19, 2019): 4271–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz021.
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Abstract We study the relation between investment behavior and competitor financial constraints. Using interfirm patent citations and text-based product market similarities to identify intransitive competitor networks, we find that firms increase investment spending, patenting activity, and opportunistic hiring when competitor constraints become more binding. In addition, firms shift their investment composition (product market and patent portfolios) to compete more aggressively with relatively constrained competitors. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we exploit the 2004 AJCA tax holiday and the 1989 junk bond crisis as exogenous shocks to competitor constraints, and we find similar effects. Received August 11, 2017; editorial decision November 6, 2018 by Editor David Denis. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
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Radev, R. "STRATEGIC GROUPING IN ITO SERVICES AS A MEAN OF IDENTIFYING THE MAIN COMPETITORS FOR HUMAN RESOURCES." Trakia Journal of Sciences 18, Suppl.1 (2020): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2020.s.01.065.
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This publication aims to present the strategic groups of competitors in the outsourcing sector in Bulgaria. In the core of strategic grouping presented here is the identification of the product-market profile of a sample of 35 main competitors. It is a part of the research of the HR capacity sustainability of Bulgaria as one of the leading destinations for providing outsourcing services. The methodology for the identification of the strategic groups consists of three main steps. The first step purpose is to identify the population of the main competitors. The vital part of this step is the definition of BPO and ITO services, which are of interest to the research. The second step refers to identifying individual companies, supplying one or another BPO/ITO service. For a more detailed assessment, it is also essential to define the depth of BPO/ITO services provided by every competitor. This profiling helps to determine the intensity of competition for each service category. The third step goal is to identify strategic groups of competitors that employ human resources with similar technical and language skills. This grouping helps companies to define appropriate human resources policies to make them more competitive in attracting and retaining the desired human resources.
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Akbar, Rahmad, T. Yoga Winanda, Dzulhijjahyetti, Merlia Rahmayani, and Harmi Yelmi. "Analisis Pengembangan Strategi Pemasaran Produk Yourdayflower Dalam Meningkatkan Penjualan Menggunakan Metode SWOT." Jurnal Sains dan Ilmu Terapan 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59061/jsit.v3i1.106.
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Abstract- Yourdayflower is an industry that makes bucket products. the problem faced by Yourdayflower is the declining level of sales. The purpose of the research conducted is to determine the advantages of competitors by knowing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and designing marketing strategies in an effort to increase sales. The results obtained from processing the SWOT calculation are Yourdayflower's strengths are attractive product designs, Yourdayflower's weaknesses are the product variations that are few in comparison, the opportunities that the company has are high consumer loyalty to Yourdayflower products and the threat from this company is the emergence of similar products and obtained several marketing strategies from the SWOT matrix.Keywords: Yourdayflower, SWOT.
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Landwehr, Jan R., and Andreas Herrmann. "Marketing and Product Design: A Rocky Love Affair." GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2015): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gfkmir-2015-0011.
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Abstract The success stories of design-oriented companies like Apple, Audi or Nike have put design on the agenda in many marketing departments. Consumers cannot elude the effect of aesthetics and therefore design is a major factor for business success. Typically consumers choose the product with the best design, all other aspects being equal. Only when the interplay of product characteristics, brand and design is carefully coordinated can successful products be created. This requires an integrated approach to design, one which is applied right at the beginning of the value chain. Product development, marketing and design need to work in close cooperation, communicate well and frequently, and collect feedback from the market. Superior aesthetics are always important but should be a top priority in cases where efficiency-oriented Asian competitors are able to offer functionally similar products at much lower prices.
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Indounas, Kostis. "New B2B product pricing." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 11 (April 13, 2020): 1861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2019-0187.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics that lead to the adoption of the three new business-to-business (B2B) product pricing strategies, namely, skimming pricing (i.e. a high initial price), penetration pricing (i.e. a low initial price) and pricing similar to competitive prices. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the study’s research objectives, data were collected through a mail survey from 116 B2B firms, operating in four different sectors. Findings The adoption of skimming pricing and penetration pricing is triggered by company-related factors that are associated with the company’s corporate and marketing strategy and the product characteristics, while the adoption of pricing similar to competitive prices is influenced by market-related factors that are associated with customers’ and competitors’ characteristics. Practical implications The above findings indicate that the managers responsible for setting prices for new B2B products should follow a “situation-specific approach” and be guided by the unique characteristics of their internal and external environment. Originality/value Its contribution lies on the fact that, building upon quests within the existing literature, it constitutes one of the first attempts to examine empirically the aforementioned issue.
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Lyon, Scott W., Henry Quesada-Pineda, and Robert L. Smith. "A Case Study to Determine Drivers and Barriers of Appalachian Forest Products in Central America." Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 9, no. 22 (September 9, 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v9i22.362.
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The purpose of this research was to determine drivers and barriers of Appalachian wood product competitors in Central America. Potential market opportunities for Appalachian forest product companies in Central America were evaluated and strategies were developed to increase exports of Appalachian wood products to Central America. The findings support the claim that United States forest product companies have not put enough effort into marketing forest products to Central America. Forests in El Salvador, Panama, and Costa Rica are limiting harvests and the industry lacks support from the government, reducing the amount of raw material and production. Inconsistencies between Appalachian and Central American wood products industries (e.g., dimensions) act as a barrier to the efficient exchange of wood products. The best market strategies for Appalachian forest products companies to increase sales into Central America are: partner with local wholesalers, offer higher value-added products, and maintain similar pricing with competition. An outside source of wood is needed to meet the needs of growing regional infrastructure.
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Husnain, Mudassir, Fauzia Syed, Waheed Akhtar, and Muhammad Usman. "Effects of Brand Hate on Brand Equity: The Role of Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Similar Competitor Offer." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2020): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.3-06.
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This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments based on the assumptions of the theory of hate. The study is aimed at testing the mediating role of brand hate elicited in the relationship among the similar competitor offer, corporate social irresponsibility and brand equity. The study sample consisted of 550 participants from the education sector in Pakistan. The methodological tool of the research was structural equation modelling. Purposive sampling technique was used to reach the appropriate respondents for the study. This study was time-lagged conducted in three times data periods: in Time 1 a total of 800 surveys were distributed, out of which 722 were returned from respondents; in Time 2 722 surveys were distributed to same respondents, out of which 600 were returned; in Time 3 600 surveys were again distributed to the same respondents, out of which 550 were returned. The obtained results confirmed the mediating role of brand hate. Herewith, findings revealed that due to similar offers individual feelings such as loss of self-individuality usually developed and be negatively perceived. Thus, it yields to decline in product value. Likewise, corporate social irresponsibility found to have a more negative relationship with brand equity. Results of the current study revealed that negative feelings due to the similarity in competitor offer could stem from diverse sources. Therefore, it could result in an undesired personality self-loss, if a brand represented a similar brand as its competitors ultimately perceived negative and yielded a decline in value of product/service. The current study also unveiled that corporate social irresponsibility is a strong predictor of negative feelings. Corporate social irresponsibility motivates consumers towards brand hate, thus hampering brand equity. According to the mentioned above, there must be careful management of corporate social responsibility to avoid the negative effect on brand equity. In turn, brand hate mediating the relationship between similarity to competitor offer and brand equity alters consumer perception towards a brand. Thus, companies must fulfil consumers’ expectations to minimise brand hate which eventually increases brand equity. This study stands novel and considered as the first attempt to empirically explore the role of similarity to competitor offer and corporate social irresponsibility in eliciting brand hate that could adversely affect on brand equity. The study provided the limitations for future researchers, implications for managers and future directions. Keywords duplex theory of hate, tetra-Pak consumer, similar competitor offer, brand hate, brand equity, corporate social irresponsibility.
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Kamila, Naila Muna, Agung Prabowo, and Senja Yustitia. "Analisis Atribut Produk Listikel Terhadap Strategi Diferensiasi di Media Hipwee.com." Jurnal Kajian Jurnalisme 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v7i1.46591.
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Listicle is a form of presenting journalistic products that are becoming a trend in online media. The structure is unique and brief, presenting an article with specific points. Listicle has been applied to various media portals in Indonesia, including Hipwee. Hipwee is an online media with the fastest development compared to other media with similar concepts. Moreover, studies on online journalism, specifically about the form of listicles, still need to be made available. This phenomenon triggers researchers to seek the differentiation strategies used by Hipwee Media in developing listicle content compared to its competitors. Therefore, this study aims to map the position of Hipwee’s present listicle content in competition with its competitors. It also explains the differentiation and strategies used in Hipwee Media presenting listicles. This study applies a quantitative descriptive research method combining content analysis techniques and multidimensional scaling. The study results show that Hipwee’s coordinates position for all tested product attributes is in the fourth dimension, with positive and negative dimension values. It has a superior tendency regarding the volume and main focus area. Hipwee is differentiated from its media competitors but could be more prominent. This research also proves that brand positioning can be viewed in many ways, including directly describing visible and measurable products.
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Ringelberg, Josiah, W. Scott Downey, and Brady Spangenberg. "BASF: differentiating on service innovation." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 5 (June 15, 2018): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0122.
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BASF is one of the leading companies in crop protection products. As with all of their competitors, BASF distributes their products to famers through a retailer in what is known as a three-tiered system. All manufacturers face similar challenges with this distribution system: to create user demand and to ensure product differentiation is conveyed by distributors and retailers. To help bridge the gap between chemical manufacturers and farmers, BASF has created the role of innovation specialist, a person who works to connect with both retailers and farmers. The goal is not only to help farmers increase efficiency and output, but also to grow the industry. BASF faces multiple challenges, including farmer skepticism and conflict with retailers. Despite these challenges, BASF has increased product sales and customer satisfaction, which is attributed to their use of innovation specialists.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Competitors of Similar Product"
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Go, Soo Jin. "Strategic analysis of Samsung's smartphone product portfolio : countering the challenge from Chinese competitors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99007.
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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-48).
After entering the smartphone era, Samsung has recorded enormous growth in sales and profits. It developed state of the art hardware technology and introduced innovative features with its flagship models, the Galaxy S series. While it emphasized high-end product development to compete with global vendors such as Apple, Samsung expanded its product portfolio to the affordable segment. In the early stages, this strategy succeeded in increasing revenues and market share. However, as Chinese vendors emerge in the global mobile device market, Samsung has struggled to keep its market share in the low-end device markets. Relatively cheap Chinese devices have attacked Samsung's affordable segment. Samsung's strategy of utilizing economies of scale and the halo effect from flagship models was not effective to compete against the price competitiveness of Chinese. Since the dynamic aspects of competition and the importance of platform are increasing, Samsung needs to build a new sustainable portfolio strategy integrating its platform service and hardware portfolio.
by Soo Jin Go.
S.M. in Management Research
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Almeida, Urique Hoffmann de Souza. "Learning to recommend similar alternative products in e-Commerce catalogs." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5402.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
In this work, we describe a novel method we designed, implemented and tested to finding products that are similar alternatives to a given product in the catalog of an e-commerce site. By similar alternatives, we mean products that, although are not identical to a product of interest, have features that make them suitable alternatives for customers that look for it. Our motivation is to enable the recommendation of alternativeproductsbasedsolelyontheproduct’sfeatures,withoutrelyingonhistorical purchase data. By doing so, we address the so-called cold start problem, which is often found in product recommendation approaches, and that may lead to profit loss in ecommerce sites. Our method, we call GPClerk, uses Genetic Programming (GP) to learn functions for comparing two products and telling whether two products are similar alternatives or not. These functions are termed here as product comparison functions. To make our method feasible in typical e-commerce settings, we also propose an unsupervised strategy to generate training examples to be used in the learning process. Results of experiments we carried out and report here indicate that our method is capable of generating suitable product comparison functions and that our strategy for automatically generating training data is effective for this task.
Nesse trabalho, descrevemos um novo método que projetamos, implementamos e testamos para a tarefa de encontrar produtos que são alternativas similares a um dado produto em um catálogo de um site de comércio eletrônico. Nesse trabalho, consideramos como alternativas similares produtos que, apesar de não serem idênticos a um produto de interesse, têm características que os tornam boas alternativas a esse produto. Nossa motivação para esse trabalho é poder recomendar produtos similares com base apenas nas suas características, sem a necessidade da utilização do histórico de compras dos usuários. Assim, nesse trabalho lidamos com o chamado problema de cold start, que é comumente encontrado em abordagens de recomendação, e que pode levar a perda de lucro em sites de comércio eletrônico. Nosso método, chamado GPClerk, utiliza Programação Genética (GP) para aprender funções que comparam dois produtos, e dizem se estes são similares ou não. Essas funções são chamadas nesse trabalho de product comparison functions. Para tornar nosso método viável em um cenário típico de comércio eletrônico, propomos também uma estratégia não supervisionada para gerar exemplos de treino a serem utilizados no processo de aprendizagem. Resultados de experimentos que executamos e descrevemos nessa dissertação indicam que nosso método é capaz de gerar funções adequadas, e que nossa estratégia para geração automática de dados de treino é efetiva para essa tarefa.
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Hedlund, Jutta, and Karla Mattero. "When product attributes are not enough: A study of a Finnish cosmetics brand on the Swedish market." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355038.
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The predominating theories on non-product-related attributes stretch only so far to explain why some brands do not manage to succeed on foreign markets where the product needs are essentially similar to their domestic markets. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to cast new light on the theoretical field of non-product-related attributes, by unveiling which non-product- related attributes affect consumer brand preferences on similar markets. This is done by studying consumer expectations on cosmetics brands in general and brand attitudes towards a Finnish cosmetics brand, on the Swedish market. The results suggest that most of the non-product-related attributes that are covered by predominating theories are still relevant for the formation of consumer preferences, but that new important attributes have also emerged. It was also found that the level of importance varies from attribute to attribute, and that some factors affect consumer preferences more than others. The findings serve as a basis for re-evaluating and expanding the theory of non-product- related attributes, and can help brands to succeed on similar markets.
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Garcia, Willy Ivan Anzaldo. "Analysis of a mixed cereal of legumes that processes similar nutritional characteristics to a cereal product of local consumption and its economic feasibility." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2001. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5368.
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In this analysis, we plan on developing vegetable mixes with high nutritional qualities and instant fuel consumption. These are to be used as a nutritional supplement in the feeding of children from 6 months of age. Initially, I selected the raw material, due to its high protein content and low cost (soy, tarhui, Cuban corn, rice, wheat, barley). They formed mixes with nutritional characteristics similar to the control for reference (15.5% of protein, 419 kcal of energy). From these formulas, different tests of completed production of mixtures, going so far as to obtain eight mixes with good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. The eight mixes and the control for reference were subjected to sensory analysis tests (sensory quality test and acceptability and preference test), Of these mixes, 4 were selected (WA1, WA2, WA5 and the control for reference WA7) such as finished women mixtures. The same groups were subjected to a bromatologic analysis and biological tests with animals from the laboratory. Finally, the study of industrial viability of a small processing plant of instant vegetable mixtures was conducted.
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Havlínová, Sabina. "Rizika v oblasti řízení marketingové komunikace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367511.
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The subject of the master’s thesis „ Risk in the area managemarketing communication“ is analysis of the current status Obchodni Galerie Orli in Brno and suggestions for improving the communication mix and possible risks that may occur. The thesis is divided into three chapters, where are presented the theoretical bases for the given issue, futher analysis of the current state and the last chapter of the thesis contains proposals for a new communication mix.
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Dosedělová, Denisa. "Návrh marketingové strategie pro firmu PANDOS, s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222354.
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My diploma thesis proposes a marketing strategy which helps firm PANDOS keep its place on the market and prevent from loosing its customers at the time of economic depression. This thesis contains external and internal analyse, including marketing mix analyse. The analytical part issues threats and opportunities. The proposal part consists of several steps against threats and ways of reaching opportunities.
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Strupek, Ondřej. "Návrh marketingové strategie pro firmu Dosedel Interior s.r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223252.
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My diploma thesis proposes a marketing strategy which helps Dosedel Inteiror company reach good position on the market and attract new customers. This thesis contains external and internal analyse. The outcome of this work is the proposal which is a reaction on facts found in the analytical part.
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Mrkvová, Andrea. "Návrh marketingové strategie pro firmu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222569.
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The thesis deals with analysis of marketing strategy of Mod Desing s.r.o. The first part of the thesis is based on theoretical grounds. This part deals with the marketing in general and outlines the process of the strategic marketing planning. In the second, practical part of the thesis the theoretical knowledge is applied practically. There is the current market position analysis and the company´s marketing strategy. Based on this analysis and theoretical findings, the suitable measures to improve the competitive position of the company are recommended.
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Kvasnička, Karel. "Mobilní zdroje elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413211.
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THAKUR, VIPUL, and SRISH SAINI. "Comparing Clinic Plus Marketing Strategy with Competitors of Similar Product Vertical and Statistically Analysing the Current Market Trends." Thesis, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18465.
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Introduction
1.1 Industry Profile
The global shampoo market size was valued at USD 29.38 billion in 2019 and is projected to
reach USD 37.92 billion by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 3.4% during the forecast period.
Shampoo market size is esteemed at USD 39,373.7 million by 2027 and is required to develop
at an accumulate yearly development pace of 4.60% in the conjecture time of 2020 to 2027.
Shampoo market report investigations the development, which is right now being becoming
because of expanding interest for items.
The developing pervasiveness of problems identified with hairs, for example, hair fall,
dandruff, slick hairs, and dryness of the hairs and irritation is one of the indispensable elements
whose effect is considerably solid in the current business situation and is relied upon to
increment over the estimate time of 2020 to 2027. The better way of life and contamination is
a key factor driving the development of the objective market. Fast urbanization, simplicity of
utilization and accessibility of little travel-size packs, developing mindfulness regarding hair
care, rising discretionary cashflow alongside change in way of life will decidedly affect the
development of the shampoo market. What is more, the usability of different kinds of shampoos
through various sorts of dissemination and aggressive showcasing, expansion sought after for
common and natural items, alongside the rising buyer mindfulness regarding the individual
consideration and cleanliness are additionally speeding up the interest of shampoo market. In
addition, the eating of inventive items, for example, natural shampoos and rising pattern of
utilizing various kinds of shampoos for various hair related issues are boosting different
rewarding freedoms for the shampoo market in the previously mentioned estimate time frame.
Be that as it may, the different results combined with the use of the item inferable from the
presence of a few synthetics will impede the development of the shampoo market in the
previously mentioned figure time frame.
This shampoo market report gives subtleties of new late turns of events, exchange guidelines,
import trade investigation, creation examination, esteem chain enhancement, portion of the
overall industry, effect of homegrown and limited market players, investigations openings as
far as arising income pockets, changes in market guidelines, key market development
investigation, market size, class market developments, application specialties and
predominance, item endorsements, item dispatches, geological extensions, mechanical
pg. 6
advancements on the lookout. To acquire information on shampoo market contact Information
Scaffold Statistical surveying for an Expert Brief, our group will help you take an educated
market choice to accomplish market development.
1.2 Organisation Profile
The organisation we chose is Hindustan Unilever to talk a bit about HUL. Let us dive into its
history. Hindustan Unilever Company was established in India in 1936 and if you care it was
not named as Hindustan Unilever at that time, it was registered as Hindustan Vanaspati
Manufacturing Company. But al of this this changed when HUL had to go through rigorous
mergers and acquisition deals which turned out to be perfect for the company in year 1956. In
this year only that is 1956 it was renamed as Hindustan Lever Limited. Everyone was happy
with this name for 51 years until 2007 when Hindustan Lever Limited was rebranded and its
name changed to Hindustan Unilever Limited.
Hindustan Unilever as name suggests Hindustan is Indian based consumer goods company,
which has its headquarters in Mumbai, India. It is a subsidiary of an Anglo-Dutch Company
called Unilever. HUL has 35 product brands. It sells products like Cleaning Products
(Shampoo, Soap’s etcetera.) Cleaning Agents, Personal Care Products, Water Purifiers.
Hindustan Unilever has more than 20,000 employees as of 2019. HUL has seen sales of figures
like ₹34,619 crores in FY 2017-18. HUL is the market leader in Indian consumer products,
with over 700 million Indian customers utilising its goods in over 20 categories such as soaps,
tea, detergents, and shampoos, among others. The ACNielsen Brand Equity list of 100 Most
Trusted Brands Annual Survey (2014), published by Brand Equity, a supplement of The
Economic Times, included sixteen of HUL's brands.
Hindustan Unilever also has a research facility which has coined a good name for itself and is
known as Hindustan Unilever Research Centre. It is not a new facility they have established. It
was established in 1966 which is just after few years Hindustan Unilever saw its some of the
major mergers and acquisition deals come through. It was settled in 1966, in Mumbai, India.
Hindustan Unilever saw an urge and need of expansion of the company as a whole and with
which came the responsibility to expand its research facility as well. This whole expansion
fiasco led to HUL expanding its research division in Bangalore in 1997 as Unilever Research
India. In very recent years when company is trying to consolidate its divisions it has seen a
single operating unit as its research centre. In year 2007 Unilever Research Centre in Bangalore
which was setup in 1997 and Hindustan Unilever Research Centre (HURC) which was setup
pg. 7
just after series of mergers and acquisition deals in 1966. Both research centres saw a
consolidation by the company as of 2007 in Bangalore Unit. Both the units have been
consolidated and now Bangalore unit is the sole operating research unit of Hindustan Unilever.
1.3 Objective of the Study
As Srish Saini and Vipul Thakur were thinking about the idea of what can be done as topic
pertaining to major project. We were noticeably clear that we wanted to do something in the
marketing domain. Marketing is something which comes very natural to us. We wanted to take
a FMCG product and analyse we wanted to take a FMCG product and analyse the whole
equation of how an FMCG product works hand determine its whole ideology with marketing
study and the marketing strategy a FMCG product uses to capture its consumers as well show
this was the whole ideology of, we are being instigated towards this whole research of FMCG
products. Now coming onto the statistical part, the other thing, we also wanted to conduct was
the statistical part of the study where we made a survey and send it to more than 50 people, we
got near about 60 responses and we have done a statistical analysis on that as well. We also
wanted to compare FMCG products which actually were in the same industry and the pricing
strategy of these competitor products as well now we have discovered few of the competitors
like dove and head and shoulders which resonate a lot with the shampoo industry in which
clinic plus already is an industry leader also the other part as we have discussed about the
statistical analysis and we will be sharing and you can see the results in the results section that
can be seen after the methodology section.
Books on the topic "Competitors of Similar Product"
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Product innovation strategy pure and simple: How winning companies outpace their competitors. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.
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Robert, Michel. Product innovation strategy, pure and simple: How winning companies outpace their competitors. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.
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Frost & Sullivan., ed. World audiology product markets: Competitors keep their ears to the ground for hints of improving sales. Mountain View, Calif: Frost & Sullivan, 1994.
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Council of Europe Convention on the Counterfeiting of Medical Products and Similar Crimes Involving Threats to Public Health: Convention du Conseil de l'Europe sur la conterfaçon des produits médicaux et les infractions similaires menaçant la santé publique. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing, 2011.
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Braber, Helleke, Jeroen Dera, Jos Joosten, and Maarten Steenmeijer, eds. Branding Books Across the Ages. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723916.
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For many, literature and marketing are considered opposite phenomena. This book discusses cases in which the two are closely connected. It argues that literature is subject to the same mechanisms as other commercial products: our experience of literary texts is prefigured by brands, trademarks that identify a product and differentiate it from its competitors. From the early modern period onwards, literary authors and their texts are constantly ‘branded’ and have been both the object and the trailblazer of a complex marketing process. The authors of this volume analyze this branding process throughout the centuries, focusing on the Netherlands. To what extent is our experience of Dutch literature prefigured by brands, and what role does branding play when introducing European authors in the Dutch literary field (or vice versa)? By answering these questions, Branding Books Across the Ages seeks to show how literary scholars understand branding – a phenomenon that has long been intertwined with literature.
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Paints and Similar Coatings (Product Sales & Trade: PRQ21). Stationery Office Books, 1997.
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Britain, Great. Paints and Similar Coatings (Product Sales & Trade: PRQ21). Stationery Office Books, 1997.
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Paints and Similar Coatings (Product Sales and Trade: PRQ21). The Stationery Office Books (Agencies), 1998.
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Paints and Similar Coatings (Product Sales and Trade: PRQ21). The Stationery Office Books (Agencies), 1997.
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Product Sales & Trade Prq21: Paints & Similar Coatings Qtr 1 (Product Sales and Trade: PRQ21). The Stationery Office Books (Agencies), 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Competitors of Similar Product"
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Giachetti, Claudio. "Aligning with Competitors when Adopting New Product Technologies." In Competitive Dynamics in the Mobile Phone Industry, 115–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137374127_6.
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Stanley, Theban, Nihar Vanjara, Yanxin Pan, Ekaterina Pirogova, Swagata Chakraborty, and Abon Chaudhuri. "SIR: Similar Image Retrieval for Product Search in E-Commerce." In Similarity Search and Applications, 338–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60936-8_26.
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Abramovici, Michael, Andreas Krebs, and Andreas Lindner. "Exploiting Service Data of Similar Product Items for the Development of Improved Product Generations by Using Smart Input Devices." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 357–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30817-8_35.
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Winkle, Thomas. "Consulting Concept to Develop New Systems." In Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk, 139–44. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34293-7_6.
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AbstractThe survey in the development departments shows a great need for structured advice during the development process including a strong interest in supporting consulting services. A competent supervision from an independent consultant from outside the respective area is recommended for achieving continuous documentation throughout the development process according to the duty of care. Most respondents would like to have a point of contact or personal contact person, who will always be on hand with competent technical or legal advice and assistance for any questions or problems that arise. In the case of a developer, guidance, sense and purpose for the benefit of the individual developer are primary motivations. This means that a structured guideline will only be used with conviction if it is perceived as an advantage. The author’s experience in connection with the processing of product liability cases lead to the following general questions as a consultant to the development process: 1. How carefully are the tasks of development, production and marketing implemented? 2. What is expected beyond the legal requirements? 3. Will possible damage be avoided or its effect reduced if another design is used? 4. How does the system behave in comparison to the competitors (other car manufacturers)? 5. Were preventive and comprehensible warnings made available to prevent possible damage? A final consulting concept (a checklist of 101 questions in Appendix B) provides guidelines and requirements.
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Berghout, Alexander, Andreas Premstaller, and Mark McCamish. "Basic Concepts for the Development of a Biosimilar Product: Experience with Omnitrope®, the First Ever Approved Similar Biopharmaceutical Product." In Modern Biopharmaceuticals, 401–28. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527669417.ch18.
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Ziadie, Haritz Ghozi, Meilita Tryana Sembiring, and Beby Karina Fauzeea Sembiring. "Marketing Mix Strategy Using SWOT Analysis to Increase Market Share in PT Smartfren Telecom Tbk North Sumatera Area." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 930–36. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_116.
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AbstractThe need for communication technology, especially internet data services, cannot be separated from people’s lives. Almost all people now have internet data services to meet their internet access needs. However, the public is faced with many choices of internet data services offered by cellular network operators, one of which is Smartfren. PT Smartfren Telecom, Tbk, provides a wide selection of attractive data services and adapts to the needs of the community in order to increase the number of new customers and retain old customers. PT Smartfren Telecom, Tbk uses a 4P marketing mix strategy (Product, Price, People, Promotion) to increase and retain its customers. However, Smartfren is still inferior to other provider competitors, where Telkomsel has a market share value of 49.47%, XL 29.79%, Tri 16.49%, Indosat 10.64%, and Smartfren 5.85%. This shows that although there is a growth in customers every year, the market share (users) is still lagging behind other competitors. This study aims to increase market share using SWOT analysis. This study applied the 4P marketing mix theory and SWOT analysis to examine the issues raised. Data were collected by conducting interviews and direct observation. The results of this research will later show a marketing strategy to increase and retain the number of Smartfren customers.
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Evertse, Robert, Abel Lencz, Tea Šinik, Slinger Jansen, and Lamia Soussi. "Is Your Software Ecosystem in Danger? Preventing Ecosystem Death Through Lessons in Ecosystem Health." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 96–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88583-0_9.
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AbstractThe health of an ecosystem is by definition the most basic requirement for its survival. This paper aims to examine the driving forces behind the health of software ecosystems, in a comparative manner between four different ecosystems which have experienced a major downfall. We examine these ecosystems for similarities, from which demise principles are derived. Consequently, countermeasures are proposed in an attempt to combat these demise principles. The findings show that the main demise principles are Underestimation of competitors, Lack of innovation, and Incorrect management of the ecosystem. The proposed countermeasures to address these demise principles are to Increase market awareness to increase competitive advantage, Increase product quality, Increase platform quality, Adjust value propositions and Formulate a partner-oriented strategy.
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Muhamed, Aashiq, Sriram Srinivasan, Choon-Hui Teo, Qingjun Cui, Belinda Zeng, Trishul Chilimbi, and S. V. N. Vishwanathan. "Web-Scale Semantic Product Search with Large Language Models." In Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 73–85. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33380-4_6.
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AbstractDense embedding-based semantic matching is widely used in e-commerce product search to address the shortcomings of lexical matching such as sensitivity to spelling variants. The recent advances in BERT-like language model encoders, have however, not found their way to realtime search due to the strict inference latency requirement imposed on e-commerce websites. While bi-encoder BERT architectures enable fast approximate nearest neighbor search, training them effectively on query-product data remains a challenge due to training instabilities and the persistent generalization gap with cross-encoders. In this work, we propose a four-stage training procedure to leverage large BERT-like models for product search while preserving low inference latency. We introduce query-product interaction pre-finetuning to effectively pretrain BERT bi-encoders for matching and improve generalization. Through offline experiments on an e-commerce product dataset, we show that a distilled small BERT-based model (75M params) trained using our approach improves the search relevance metric by up to 23% over a baseline DSSM-based model with similar inference latency. The small model only suffers a 3% drop in relevance metric compared to the 20x larger teacher. We also show using online A/B tests at scale, that our approach improves over the production model in exact and substitute products retrieved.
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Marano, Pierpaolo. "The Contribution of Product Oversight and Governance (POG) to the Single Market: A Set of Organisational Rules for Business Conduct." In AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation, 55–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52738-9_3.
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AbstractProduct oversight and governance (POG) is one of the major innovations, if not the most significant, introduced by the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD). This chapter aims to investigate how POG fits into the overall EU insurance regulation. POG introduced a risk-based and prospective approach similar to that of Solvency II. Moreover, the supervision required by POG is similar to that arising from Solvency II. Above all, the set of rules on POG extends the list of those affecting the organization of the undertakings. The combination of these three profiles that pertains to insurance undertakings, intermediaries and supervisors, is likely to have a significant impact on the harmonization of the rules on the conduct of insurance business.
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Niva, Piret, Maria Paasivaara, and Sami Hyrynsalmi. "Striving for Freedom in a Large-Scale Agile Environment with an Entrepreneurial Mindset of a Product Owner." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 97–114. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33976-9_7.
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AbstractIn a large-scale agile environment, a Product Owner receives requests from many different directions. Freedom to influence the direction of the product and push ideas forward sometimes requires saying “no”. This is a case study that has been made by interviewing several Product Owners or people working in a Product Owner type of role. The case company, which is a large financial organization, encourages Product Owners to take responsibility by valuing an entrepreneurial mindset. This research examines whether it is possible to exercise entrepreneurial freedom in the Product Owner’s work, and how much freedom the Product Owner has in the direction of the product, i.e. whether they have the freedom to say “no”. A total of 18 Product Owners, and those in similar roles, as well as managers from the case company, were interviewed. The findings show that the role of the Product Owner needs to be clarified in order to have more freedom to act. Prioritizing is difficult and saying “no” is more difficult than desired. Product Owners find the urge for an entrepreneurial attitude understandable, however, it does not seem to fit perfectly into the everyday work life of a Product Owner in a large-scale set-up. When the understanding of the role deepens, Product Owners could have greater freedom to make their products successful.
Conference papers on the topic "Competitors of Similar Product"
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Pranowo, Dodyk. "IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FRIED ONION PRODUCTS THROUGH DISSEMINATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN FRIED ONION SMES, NGANJUK REGENCY." In International conference on Innovation and Technology. JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiat.2021.se.01.018.
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The existence of fried onion processing SMEs has a very important role in the community's economy, this is because of the integration of the upstream and downstream sectors. Fried onion SMEs in Nganjuk Regency have two basic problems, namely limited production capacity and inconsistent quality of fried onions produced. The limited production capacity of fried onion SMEs is due to the fact that SMEs do not yet have adequate frying equipment and the quality inconsistency of fried onions is caused by an imperfect drying process. The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal and external conditions of Fried Onion SMEs in Nganjuk Regency. The method used in this research is SWOT analysis. Fried onion SMEs in Nganjuk Regency with their fried onion products have strengths including Strategic Business Locations, Regional Food Products, Product Prices According to Market, and Affordable Prices. This Fried Onion UKM has the opportunity to increase its competitiveness by optimizing opportunities such as Production Capacity Capable of Meeting the Market, Sufficient Manpower Available, Public Purchasing Power for Relatively High Products, Aid Programs from the Government, and Training Provided by the Local Government in collaboration. Meanwhile, the threats from SMEs are Fluctuating Raw Material Prices, Quite A Number of Competitors for Similar Products, and Differences in Pricing with Competitors.
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Avadanei, Manuela, Emil constantin Loghin, and Ionut Dulgheriu. "E-LEARNING TOOLS APPLIED IN TEACHING ADVANCED DESIGN MODULE OF CAD SYSTEM." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-260.
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Nowadays, the fashion trends, types of fabrics, technology and consumer needs are more and more complex and diversified. The new models must be manufactured in a short time, in small orders but in many sizes. On the market, the apparel companies are dealing with similar competitors and with sophisticated and educated consumers, who are looking for individual products, specially designed for their lifestyle and social level. This problem is solved by using specialized IT applications, which by their accuracy and efficiency offer important assistance in manufacturing processes. These applications require special technical equipment and a high level of qualification for the users. In garment manufacturing processes, the pattern making is the first stage in the development of a new model for a product. A person who is doing this activity must have a good deal of knowledge about fashion, about fabric properties, anthropometry and manufacturing technology. If this activity is done manually, it takes a lot of time. If it is done by using advanced IT applications for the clothing field, it requires special skills and abilities, in order to choose the proper tools to design the patterns. The software companies from the apparel field have developed advanced modules for designing 2D or 3D patterns and for this reason, the users must acquire new knowledge in a correct and accurate manner, either with tutors or by themselves. This paper presents an interactive lesson about teaching advanced modules of CAD from apparel industry (the Made to Measure Module from Gemini CAD Systems) for students from Faculty of Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, who attend a master program, which is linked with garment pattern making. The users must have the basics information about designing process, in order to be able to understand and use the functions of this module. This demonstrative lesson is also suitable for all the persons who are developing individual and customized production (made- to- measure) from garment industry. The gradual interactive e-learning demonstrations (according to the garment complexity) offer the learner/ student the possibility to understand, choose and apply the proper design tools for making patterns, adapted to the shape of the human body (posture and conformation) and to the complexity of the model.
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Korakianitis, T., L. Meyer, M. Boruta, and H. E. McCormick. "Introduction and Performance Prediction of a Nutating-Disk Engine." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-279.
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A new type of internal combustion engine and its thermodynamic cycle are introduced. The core of the engine is a nutating non-rotating disk, with the center of its hub mounted in the middle of a Z-shaped shaft. The two ends of the shaft rotate, while the disk nutates. The motion of the disk circumference prescribes a portion of a sphere. A portion of the area of the disk is used for intake and compression, a portion is used to seal against a center casing, and the remaining portion is used for expansion and exhaust. The compressed air is admitted to an external accumulator, and then into an external combustion chamber before it is admitted to the power side of the disk. The accumulator and combustion chamber are kept at constant pressures. The engine has a few analogies with piston-engine operation, but like a gas turbine it has dedicated spaces and devices for compression, burning and expansion. The thermal efficiency is similar to that of comparably-sized simple-cycle gas turbines and piston engines. For the same engine volume and weight, this engine produces less specific power than a simple-cycle gas turbine, but approximately twice the power of a two-stroke engine and four times the power of a four-stroke engine. The engine has advantages in the 10 kW to 200 kW power range. This paper introduces the geometry and thermodynamic model for the engine, presents typical performance curves, and discusses the relative advantages of this engine over its competitors.
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Lindfeldt, Erik G., and Mats O. Westermark. "An Integrated Gasification Zero Emission Plant Using Oxygen Produced in a Mixed Conducting Membrane Reactor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90183.
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Integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCCs) exhibit conditions favourable to CO2 sequestration. In this article, simulations of the Integrated Gasification Zero Emission Plant (IGZEP) concept are presented. The idea behind this concept is to use oxygen produced in a Mixed Conducting Membrane (MCM) reactor in an IGCC. Previous studies have shown that it is beneficial to integrate an MCM reactor in a natural gas fired cycle, and the objective of this article is to quantify the advantages of integrating the same type of reactor with an IGCC the way it is suggested in the IGZEP concept. The core of the membrane reactor is a ceramic membrane, which separates oxygen from air exiting the gas turbine compressor. The reactor operates at temperatures around 900 °C and is driven by a difference in oxygen partial pressure. The oxygen permeating the membrane is used in a Texaco gasifier, whereas the oxygen-depleted air is sent to a high temperature combustor. The rest of the cycle is essentially similar to a “standard” IGCC. The simulations performed resulted in a CO2 capture penalty of 6.4% points (Lower Heating Value, LHV) and a net cycle efficiency of 32.5% (LHV). Despite this quite low efficiency, the IGZEP concept is interesting since one of the main reasons for the low net efficiencies is the low efficiency of the Texaco gasifier model used. Other models for Texaco gasifiers with higher efficiency have been found in literature. Nevertheless, it is judged more interesting to compare IGZEP’s penalty for oxygen generation with that of existing competitors. It is shown that the total oxygen production penalty can be decreased from 4.9% points in the reference case to 4.3% points in IGZEP. That is, about 0.6% points in net efficiency may be gained by replacing a standard (non-integrated) cryogenic air distillation unit with an MCM reactor. Other studies have also shown that this strategy may entail lower investment and electricity production costs.
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Baryshnikova, Olga Vladimirovna. "Product Market Share Using A Model Of Two Competitors." In International Scientific Congress «KNOWLEDGE, MAN AND CIVILIZATION». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.251.
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Lii, Yuan-Shuh, and Chieh Lun Lin. "The Effects of Product Line Prices and Competitors' Prices on Consumers’ Evaluations of Reference Price Advertisements." In Japan International Business and Management Research Conference. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jibm.v1i1.218.
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This study presents empirical evidence on the effect of product-line prices and competitors' prices on consumers' price judgments as well as on consumers' use of advertised reference price (A.R.P.) as reference across two product categories. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design experiment, the findings indicated that consumers did not consider product line prices as an important reference. Competitors' prices were found to be a significant reference in the case of frequently purchased product categories. The moderating roles of product line prices and competitors' prices in reference price advertisements were not found. A.R.P. still exerted the greatest influence on consumers' evaluations of a promotional offer across two product categories.
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Simpson, Timothy W. "Product Family and Product Platform Benchmarking With Commonality and Variety Indices." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67500.
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As companies are pressured to reduce costs and lead-times while increasing variety, the need to design products based on common platform “elements” is growing. Product family design has become an effective strategy to meet this challenge, but companies still struggle with assessing how “good” their product family is. Companies routinely benchmark their individual products, but they struggle with how to benchmark their platforms and product families against their competitors. A novel approach for product family benchmarking is introduced in this paper integrating commonality and variety indices to compare competing product families and their platform “elements”. An example involving two families of men’s razors is presented to illustrate the approach. Limitations of the approach and future work are also discussed.
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Meeker, David G., and Anna C. Thornton. "Benchmarking Within the Product Development Process." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0198.
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Abstract One cannot design in a vacuum; the goodness of a product is almost always (except in the case of a novel design) measured with respect to an existing design. It is logical, therefore, to have a design process that takes competitors into account. Competitor’s hardware is a rich source of design information providing concept and design solutions, current market trends, cost and quality drivers, missing functionality and unwanted functionality. This paper presents a methodology to systematically evaluate existing designs using a process called benchmarking. In addition, a methodology for incorporating the benchmark information into the specification, concept, embodiment, detail design phases of the product development process is described.
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Chen, Chen-Tung, and Wei-Zhan Hung. "Using MCDM Method to Evaluate Product Development Projects based on Internal Resources and External Competitors." In 2019 IEEE Eurasia Conference on IOT, Communication and Engineering (ECICE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecice47484.2019.8942675.
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Shiau, Ching-Shin, and Jeremy J. Michalek. "Optimal Product Design Under Price Competition." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49176.
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Engineering optimization methods for new product development model consumer demand as a function of product attributes and price in order to identify designs that maximize expected profit. However, prior approaches have ignored the ability of competitors to react to a new product entrant; thus these methods can overestimate expected profit and select suboptimal designs that perform poorly in a competitive market. We propose an efficient approach to new product design accounting for competitor pricing reactions by imposing Nash and Stackelberg conditions as constraints, and we test the method on three product design case studies from the marketing and engineering design literature. We find that a Stackelberg leader strategy generates higher profit than a Nash strategy. Both strategies are superior to ignoring competitor reactions: In our case studies, ignoring price competition results in overestimation of profits by 12%–79%, and accounting for price competition increases realized profits by up to 3.4%. The efficiency, convergence stability, and ease of implementation of the proposed approach enables practical implementation for new product design problems in competitive markets.
Reports on the topic "Competitors of Similar Product"
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Elizur, Abigail, Amir Sagi, Gideon Hulata, Clive Jones, and Wayne Knibb. Improving Crustacean Aquaculture Production Efficiencies through Development of Monosex Populations Using Endocrine and Molecular Manipulations. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613890.bard.
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Background Most of Australian prawn aquaculture production is based on P. monodon. However, the Australian industry is under intense competition from lower priced overseas imports. The availability of all-female monosex populations, by virtue of their large size and associated premium prize, will offer competitive advantage to the industry which desperately needs to counteract competitors within this market. As for the redclaw production in Israel, although it is at its infancy, the growers realized that the production of males is extremely advantageous and that such management strategy will change the economic assumptions and performances of this aquaculture to attract many more growers. Original objectives (as in original proposal) Investigating the sex inheritance mechanism in the tiger prawn. Identification of genes expressed uniquely in the androgenic gland (AG) of prawns and crayfish. The above genes and/or their products will be used to localize the AG in the prawn and manipulate the AG activity in both species. Production of monosex populations through AG manipulation. In the prawn, production of all-female populations and in the crayfish, all-male populations. Achievements In the crayfish, the AG cDNA library was further screened and a third AG specific transcript, designated Cq-AG3, had been identified. Simultaneously the two AG specific genes, which were previously identified, were further characterized. Tissue specificity of one of those genes, termed Cq-AG2, was demonstrated by northern blot hybridization and RNA in-situ hybridization. Bioinformatics prediction, which suggested a 42 amino acid long signal anchor at the N-terminus of the deduced Cq-AG2, was confirmed by immunolocalization of a recombinant protein. Cq-IAG's functionality was demonstrated by dsRNA in-vivo injections to intersex crayfish. Cq-IAGsilencing induced dramatic sex-related alterations, including male feature feminization, reduced sperm production, extensive testicular apoptosis, induction of the vitellogeningene expression and accumulation of yolk proteins in the ovaries. In the prawn, the AG was identified and a cDNA library was created. The putative P. monodonAG hormone encoding gene (Pm-IAG) was identified, isolated and characterized for time of expression and histological localization. Implantation of the AG into prawn post larvae (PL) and juveniles resulted in phenotypic transformation which included the appearance of appendix masculina and enlarged petasma. The transformation however did not result in sex change or the creation of neo males thus the population genetics stage to be executed with Prof. Hulata did not materialized. Repeated AG implantation is currently being trialed. Major conclusions and Implications, both scientific and agricultural Cq-IAG's involvement in male sexual differentiation had been demonstrated and it is strongly suggested that this gene encodes an AG hormone in this crayfish. A thorough screening of the AG cDNA library shows Cq-IAG is the prominent transcript within the library. However, the identification of two additional transcripts hints that Cq-IAG is not the only gene mediating the AG effects. The successful gene silencing of Cq-IAG, if performed at earlier developmental stages, might accomplish full and functional sex reversal which will enable the production of all-male crayfish populations. Pm-IAG is likely to play a similar role in prawns. It is possible that repeated administration of the AG into prawn will lead to the desired full sex reversal, so that WZ neo males, crossed with WZ females can result in WW females, which will form the basis for monosex all-female population.
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Papasodoro, C., D. Bélanger, G. Légaré-Couture, and H. Russel. Assessment of approaches and costs associated with the correction of the HRDEM product data in the Canadian Arctic. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331974.
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The High-Resolution Digital Elevation Model (HRDEM) was created as part of the National Elevation Data Strategy to provide detailed elevation data across the country. For the Canadian Arctic, the HRDEM was based on the ArcticDEM initiative with additional post-processing by the Canada Centre for Mapping and Earth Observation to create a 2-meter Digital Surface Model (DSM) covering a geographic region of approximately 4.6 million km2. This report provides details on the investigation of the data issues within HRDEM in the North, available open and commercial sources of elevation data that could be used to improve the product, and technologies available to generate high resolution DSM at similar levels of accuracy and resolution than the current HRDEM. In addition, the report summarizes the results of a research into the common, as well as more advanced (e.g., machine learning), methods for improving the product. In summary, the intent of this investigation was to provide supporting information to address the data anomalies in HRDEM and present a path forward.
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James Bauder. Evaluation of Phytoremediation of Coal Bed Methane Product Water and Waters of Quality Similar to that Associated with Coal Bed Methane Reserves of the Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950787.
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Jact. L52122 Mitigation of MIC using CP Under Disbonded Coating. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011099.
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This report summarizes lab work carried out in a test cell in which line pipe steel was exposed under anaerobic conditions to a freshly prepared synthetic corrosion product consisting of iron sulfide and iron carbonate under a permeable �coating� barrier. Weight loss for the steel specimen was sharply reduced by application of CP with rates of corrosion for short term experiments dropping to less than 0.05 mm/year at potentials more negative than �950 mVCSE at the pipe surface. This value is in good agreement with past literature. Addition of a mixed microbial culture including SRB to the experiment gave similar results in terms of weight loss.
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Cooper, Julian. Russia's Military Expenditure During Its War Against Ukraine. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/uvux1392.
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Russia’s total military expenditure has increased since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, but not dramatically. Despite difficulty in accessing information on budget spending, total budgeted military spending in 2023 can be estimated at 6648 billion roubles. This represents 4.4 per cent of forecast Russian gross domestic product. While military spending in early 2023 seemed to accelerate beyond the budgeted amount, the rate of spending can be shown to be similar to that in early 2022 and does not suggest any unusual surge. The Russian government is attempting to restrain spending on the war to minimize the domestic impact and enable the pursuit of policy goals set before the invasion. The Russian economy can afford this level of spending notwithstanding severe sanctions, while leaving open the possibility of increased war-related funding if the government considers it necessary in the future.
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Hegazi, Sahar. Utilization of operations research in Egypt. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1018.
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This study aims to maximize the utilization of operations research (OR) findings in Egypt to strengthen research efforts contributing to the improvement of the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) care program. To date, the field of OR in Egypt has not conducted a systematic review of the utilization of the OR studies completed over the last decade. The long-term objective of this study, as noted in this report, was to maximize the utilization of OR and strengthen future efforts contributing to the improvement of the FP and RH care program in Egypt. The study’s sample included selected studies completed by the principal agencies conducting OR in Egypt—Family Health International (FHI) (1989–1992) and the ANE OR/TA Project of the Population Council (1992–present). The analysis of the qualitative findings was based on a framework applied in a similar study in Indonesia by the ANE OR/TA Project and built on three elements: research product, scientific network, and researcher-audience relationship. Analysis of data indicated a general satisfaction with the contribution of OR to the FP and RH program in Egypt.
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Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005065.
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Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the world's most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chain store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 15%. This reduction is not driven by increased shop exits but by decreased shop entries. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. The evidence suggests that shops survive by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, relationships with the community, broader and tailored product mix, and informal credit. The welfare gains of convenience chains replacing shops are increasing in household income.
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Suh, Jooyeoun, Changa Dorji, Valerie Mercer-Blackman, and Aimee Hampel-Milagrosa. Valuing Unpaid Care Work in Bhutan. Asian Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200065-2.
Full textAbstract:
A growing body of scholarly literature has attempted to measure and value unpaid care work in various countries, but perhaps only the government statistical agencies in the United States and the United Kingdom have seriously undertaken periodic and systematic measures of the time spent on unpaid work at the national level, and partially incorporated those values into their gross domestic product(GDP). One country that has been ahead of its time on aspects of societal welfare measurement is Bhutan, which produces the Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index. However, until the first GNH Survey, in 2008, Bhutan did not have any sense of the size and distribution of unpaid work, despite its strong societal norms about the value of volunteering and community work. This paper is the first to estimate the value of unpaid care work in Bhutan. It shows the pros and cons of various approaches and their equivalent measures of unpaid care work as a share of GDP. As with similar studies on the topic, this paper also finds that women spend more than twice as much time as men performing unpaid care work, regardless of their income, age, residency, or number of people in the household. The paper also provides recommendations for improving the measurement of unpaid care work in Bhutan.
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Mudge, Christopher R., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Comparison of Generic and Proprietary Aquatic Herbicides for Control of Invasive Vegetation : Part 2. Emergent Plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39679.
Full textAbstract:
Aquatic herbicides are one of the most effective and widespread ways to manage nuisance vegetation in the US After the active ingredient is selected, often there are numerous proprietary and generic branded products to select from. To date, limited efforts have been made to compare the efficacy of brand name and generic herbicides head to head; therefore, at tot al of 20 mesocosm trials were conducted to evaluate various 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr products against alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), southern cattail (hereafter referred to as cattail, Typha domingensis Pers.), and creeping water primrose (hereafter referred as primrose, Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven). All active ingredients were applied to foliage at broadcast rates commonly used in applications to public waters. Proprietary and generic 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr were efficacious and provided 39 to 99% control of alligatorweed, cattail and primrose in 19 of the 20 trials. There were no significant differences i n product performance except glyphosate vs. alligatorweed (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Roundup Custom) and glyphosate vs. cattail (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Glyphosate 5.4). These results demonstrate under small -scale conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides provided similar control of emergent vegetation, regardless of active ingredient
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Kalman, Joseph, and Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2041.
Full textAbstract:
The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.