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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Competitor collaboration'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Luechaikajohnpan, Pinijsorn Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Collaboration and international trade." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40905.

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Over the last two decades there has been a tremendous increase in collaboration among competing firms. A significant number of these collaborations are international. This thesis explores the incentives and welfare consequences of collaboration in the context of international trade. We consider two types of cross-border collaborations. The first is collaboration by sharing a part of firms' value creating activities, such as technology development, product design and distribution. This saves on production costs but reduces product distinctiveness. Firms collaborate if and only if the reduction in product distinctiveness is lower than a threshold level. We find that the threshold increases with an increase in trade costs. That is, an increase in trade costs makes collaboration more likely. Higher trade cost lowers competition, which in turn enables the firms to save on fixed costs while forgoing some product distinctiveness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that contrary to standard intuition, higher trade cost could enhance consumers' welfare by inducing competitors to collaborate. We extend our model to endogenise location choice by the firms where collaboration requires co-location (due to the benefit of local spillovers or joint investment in key infrastructures). Unlike the original model, we find that an increase in trade costs can discourage collaboration. In both circumstances, we find that an increase in trade cost can improve consumer surplus. The second type of collaboration considered in this thesis is licensing. We extend the standard licensing literature to an environment where firms compete in the domestic as well as foreign market. We examine how trade cost affects the licensing decision as well as the optimal payment mechanism. We find that an increase in trade costs reduces the possibility of licensing. Concerning the payment mechanism, we find that (i) either royalty or (ii) a two-part tariff (involving a fixed fee as well as royalty payments) is optimal. An increase in trade costs reduces the likelihood of royalty only being the optimal payment mechanism.
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2

Kliegl, Reinhold. "Publication Statistics Show Collaboration, Not Competition." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5719/.

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3

Cai, Jinqiu. "Collaborating with competitors : pitfalls and paybacks." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25383.

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Inter-firm collaborations have become an indispensable part of business strategy to deal with faster competitive dynamics and higher market and environmental uncertainties. Interestingly, research has found that around half of all cooperative relationships take place between competitors. Termed as coopetition , it refers to the simultaneous cooperation and competition between at least two actors. Over the past two decades, coopetition has become an important domain for industrial practice which has led to increasing research interest by scholars worldwide with a wide range of subjects studied within the extant body of literature. Despite the growing interest, coopetition research is still fragmented and is dominated by conceptual research. This entails limitations to knowledge and understanding reflected by heterogeneous uses of the coopetition concept (mixed definitions and a lack of clarity in how to apply coopetition successfully), a lack of generalisability, and a limited number of quantitative studies. Coopetition scholars commonly argue that competitors rarely cooperate in activities that are close to customers, known as output activities (e.g., sales and marketing), but instead argue that they mostly cooperate in activities far from the customer, referred to as input activities (e.g., R&D, logistics, and NPD). However, it has been found in real world business examples that competitors also cooperate in output activities. In this study these two distinct types of coopetition are termed as internally focused coopetition (cooperating with competitors in input activities) and externally focused coopetition (cooperating with competitors in output activities). This is the first study synthesising these two types of coopetition in one conceptual model, and examining their individual paybacks and pitfalls. After the development of the conceptual model based on the relevant literature, a cross-sectional research design is adopted and an online survey is implemented among Chief Operating Officers and Managing Directors in UK high-tech companies. A total of 148 completed questionnaires are collected. Data analysis employs a two-stage approach, which includes a measurement model assessment and a structural model assessment. The results indicate that both internally and externally focused coopetition can help firms to develop new knowledge-based resources and capabilities. However, these two types of coopetition also have different paybacks and pitfalls. Even though the new innovation knowledge-based resources and capabilities gained from internally focused coopetition can lead to better business efficiency and effectiveness, firms also lose uniqueness in their existing knowledge-based resources and capabilities (a key tenet of competitive advantage in resource- and knowledge-based theories). In contrast, externally focused coopetition has no significant impact on uniqueness, but the new marketing knowledge-based resources and capabilities negatively influence business efficiency and effectiveness. It has also been found that when firms perceive that their competitors are behaving opportunistically, they tend to do the same and appropriate more knowledge-based resources and capabilities from the collective value created. Competitors opportunism also renders more loss of uniqueness, which in turn worsens business performance. This research provides greater clarity and understanding to scholars of the workings of coopetition for deriving new knowledge-based resources and capabilities and extrapolating performance benefits from this. This work also illuminates situations where coopetition does not result in the perceived win-win-win situations indicated in literature. Based on these results, a number of theoretical and managerial contributions are developed. Principally, (1) this is the first study that conceptualises and operationalises internally and externally focused coopetition, and their individual knowledge-based outcomes are analysed from a knowledge-based view; (2) how competitors opportunism affects the dynamics of coopetition is better understood from a game theoretical perspective; (3) this study extends the understanding of business performance outcomes of coopetition.
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4

Goldingay, Harry J. "Agent Based Models of Competition and Collaboration." Thesis, Aston University, 2010. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15212/.

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Swarm intelligence is a popular paradigm for algorithm design. Frequently drawing inspiration from natural systems, it assigns simple rules to a set of agents with the aim that, through local interactions, they collectively solve some global problem. Current variants of a popular swarm based optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), are investigated with a focus on premature convergence. A novel variant, dispersive PSO, is proposed to address this problem and is shown to lead to increased robustness and performance compared to current PSO algorithms. A nature inspired decentralised multi-agent algorithm is proposed to solve a constrained problem of distributed task allocation. Agents must collect and process the mail batches, without global knowledge of their environment or communication between agents. New rules for specialisation are proposed and are shown to exhibit improved eciency and exibility compared to existing ones. These new rules are compared with a market based approach to agent control. The eciency (average number of tasks performed), the exibility (ability to react to changes in the environment), and the sensitivity to load (ability to cope with differing demands) are investigated in both static and dynamic environments. A hybrid algorithm combining both approaches, is shown to exhibit improved eciency and robustness. Evolutionary algorithms are employed, both to optimize parameters and to allow the various rules to evolve and compete. We also observe extinction and speciation. In order to interpret algorithm performance we analyse the causes of eciency loss, derive theoretical upper bounds for the eciency, as well as a complete theoretical description of a non-trivial case, and compare these with the experimental results. Motivated by this work we introduce agent "memory" (the possibility for agents to develop preferences for certain cities) and show that not only does it lead to emergent cooperation between agents, but also to a signicant increase in efficiency.
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5

Usta, Mericcan. "Competition And Collaboration In Service Parts Management Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612739/index.pdf.

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Inventory management policies of two independent dealers in a service parts system with transshipment is studied in this thesis. Dealers can collaborate by pooling inventory or service. Revenue is shared in transshipment, can sometimes be contrary to profit maximization of one of the parties albeit sum of profits is increased. To assess the benefits of inventory pooling under equilibrium strategies, and the effect of competition on profits, a Markov Decision Process is formulated. A simpler variant of the optimal four-index threshold policy is used to characterize the production, service and transshipment related inventory decisions. A game theoretical approach as well as notions from policy iteration is taken to find the best response policy and equilibrium policies of the dealers. Numerical study is conducted to investigate the effect of cost, revenue and demand parameters, as well as dealer asymmetricities on benefit of pooling, service levels and transshipment flows. Analysis shows that commission schemes fairly allocating transshipment value to the players, high customer traffic intensities, and low transshipment costs are most suited environments for pooling. System centralization is beneficial when the inventory holding costs are high, transshipment costs are low, customer traffic intensities are high or the commission structure is distracting a party. Competition, within the experimental settings, dampens about 45% of the benefits of pooling.
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6

Wolff, Georg [Verfasser], and Olaf N. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rank. "Clusters, collaboration, and competition: a social network approach." Freiburg : Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202438229/34.

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7

Chambers, Morgan. "Dynamic, inter-subsidiary relationships of competition and collaboration." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9383.

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Horizontal relationships between subsidiaries within an MNC are rarely shown on an organisation chart but the interactions along this dimension are critical to the achievement of an MNC’s global operations and strategic activities. Different interaction logics of social relationships and economic exchanges in horizontal relationships induce simultaneous competition and collaboration between the subsidiaries. Collaboration and competition is a business reality in inter-subsidiary relationships as they collaborate to share resources and knowledge, but ultimately compete for resources, customers and profits. While much research has focused on the effects of internal collaboration, and to a lesser extent internal competition, on organisational performance, little is known about the antecedents of competition and collaboration and the interplay of simultaneously occurring interactions. By focusing on one or the other, any understanding of the inherent tensions between the two is overlooked. This research explores the coopetitive nature of the inter-subsidiary relationship using a qualitative approach within three MNCs, where internal competition and collaboration are more salient. Data were gathered from 98 semi-structured interviews with top and senior management, top management focus groups and a body of secondary data including internal reports, policy documents and external publications, among others, has been referenced. The study makes three key contributions. First, by extending Luo’s (2005) theoretical model of intra-MNE coopetition, the study identifies additional respective antecedents of competition and collaboration. Second, the study locates inherent tensions arising from inter-subsidiary coopetition and explicates how the tensions are managed by the HQ and subsidiaries using spatial, balancing and assessing mechanisms and specific interventions. Third, the study offers an empirically-based model of inter-subsidiary coopetition with a more dynamic and temporal set of multiple relationships among the subsidiaries within the MNCs. Management implications include that senior management teams be aware of the opportunities and constraints of promoting a culture of collaboration while simultaneously fostering inter-subsidiary competition through internal accounting policies and incentive systems, and that the capability of senior managers to work effectively within dual organisational structures be developed and incorporated into executive development programmes.
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Chambers, Morgan. "Factors and mechanisms that influence intraorganisational collaboration and competition." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6994.

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Recently, some authors point to value creation from the structure and behaviours associated with competition and collaboration inside the organisation (Helfat and Eisenhardt, 2004; Birkinshaw and Lingblad, 2005). While both competition and collaboration have been studied extensively between organisations, less attention has been focused on them and their interaction between units inside the organisation, particularly within complex and heterogeneous multinational corporations. The question is how to achieve the coordination and collaboration that is necessary for a multinational organisation to reap the benefits that international expansion has to offer and yet balance the propensity for competition that exists as business units struggle for scarce resources or new opportunities. In order to answer this question, the aim of this review is to first of all know what the factors and mechanisms are that influence competition and collaboration between organisational units within multinational organisations. Methodology: This study has been conducted using a systematic review methodology with the aim of producing a search of extant literature which can be trusted by others as being thorough, transparent, replicable and clear. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques have been used to achieve this. Findings: This review finds that the there is minimal extant literature that addresses competition and collaboration between business units within the multinational corporation and that it also fails to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors and mechanisms that influence the co-existence of intraorganisational competition and collaboration. They are typically viewed as mutually exclusive or at opposite ends of a continuum. While there has been some recent research attention given to intraorganisational collaboration and competition, each in their own right, there has not been an extensive review of the factors and mechanisms when looking at their coexistence within the multinational corporate environment. By bringing the two literatures into view and investigating the paradoxical nature of the influences on andthe interactions between competition and collaboration, insights into an optimal mix based on the corporations strategy and value creation logic can be gained for both academics and business unit leaders.
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9

Polaha, Jodi, and Jennifer Funderburk. "Shark Tank: Competition to Evaluate Collaborative Care." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6650.

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10

McDonald, Adam. "Collaboration, Competition, and Coercion: Canadian Federalism and Blood System Governance." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/731.

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The blood supply occupies a special place within the provincial public health systems: it is something that Canadians expect to be safe, well run, and available when needed. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Canadian blood system dealt with a significant crisis: a tainted blood scandal. The federal Commission of Inquiry into the Blood System in Canada issued a report condemning, among other things, the governance structure of Canada's blood system. As a result, the provincial and federal governments worked to make changes to the way they funded, oversaw, and regulated the blood industry in Canada. It appears that the changes they instituted resulted in an improved blood system and improved the relationship between the governments and the blood system. Traditional models of federalism do not account for how the federal and provincial governments interacted. In their response to a crisis that affected thousands of Canadians, there were elements of collaboration, competition, and coercion. It is possible that a new "mode" of federalism is emerging as a result of these changes; it is more likely, however, that the crisis forced the governments to collaborate and create a national system to supply Canadian needs.
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11

McDonald, Adam David. "Collaboration, competition, and coercion Canadian federalism and blood system governance /." Waterloo, Ont. ; University of Waterloo, 2004. http://etd.uwaterloo.ca/etd/admcdona2004.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Waterloo, 2004.
"A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science." Includes bibliographical references.
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12

Dinaburg, Mark P. (Mark Paul). "A Russian-American collaboration for the St. Petersburg master plan competition." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65681.

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13

Arvitrida, Niniet I. "Competition and collaboration in supply chains : an agent-based modelling approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25184.

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Competition has been considered as an effective means to improve business and economic competitiveness. However, competition in supply chain management (SCM) can be viewed as a source of uncertainty. Most recommended collaboration strategies in SCM literature tend to avoid the emergence of competition inside the supply chain, but, in reality, these strategies do not lead all supply chains to success. In addition, from strategic management perspective, these collaboration strategies are not believed to encourage firms to improve their performance. Both competition and collaboration are critical issues in achieving business success, but the effect of both factors on the market has not been explored concurrently in the literature. The complexity of this issue should be investigated using a comprehensive perspective, and it is hard to undertake by using an empirical approach.
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14

Henriques, Ana Catarina Ferreira Carvalho. "O impacto da cultura organizacional no estabelecimento de relacionamentos cooperativos e coopetitivos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10601.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
As alterações das necessidades dos clientes e dos mercados empresariais conduziram as organizações a adotar novas estratégias, surgindo assim, novas formas de relacionamentos entre as organizações. A cultura organizacional espelha a identidade de uma organização e influencia as estratégias adotadas; o objetivo deste estudo foi o de explorar se existia uma relação entre a cultura organizacional e o tipo de relacionamentos externos que são criados, nomeadamente com concorrentes. A técnica de análise utilizada foi a análise de conteúdos, uma vez que os dados recolhidos são qualitativos. A recolha de informação foi concretizada através de um questionário, a três organizações que pertencem a diferentes setores (indústria, distribuição e serviços). Posteriormente, e de modo a completar a análise, concretizou-se uma chamada telefónica com cada organização observada. Identificou-se em cada organização, a sua cultura dominante, o tipo de relacionamento dominante estabelecido com os concorrentes e as razões que conduziram à preferência pelo modo de relacionamento dominante. Através da amostra recolhida, foi possível observar, uma aparente associação entre a cultura e os relacionamentos que as organizações criam a nível externo, uma vez que os tipos de cultura Mercado e Hierarquia, parecem estar associados ao estabelecimento de relacionamentos de pura competição com os concorrentes. Bem como, os tipos de cultura Clã e Adhocracy parecem estar relacionados com o estabelecimento de relacionamentos de cooperação ou colaboração com os concorrentes.
The changes in clients needs and business markets led organizations to adopt new strategies, thus emerging new ways of relationships between organizations. The organizational culture reflects the identity of an organization and influences the strategies adopted, the final purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a relationship between organizational culture and the type of external relationships that are especially established with competitors. The analysis technique utilized was the content analysis, due to the qualitative nature of the data collected. The information gathering was completed through a questionnaire, conducted to three organizations from different sectors (industrial, logistics and facilities). Subsequently, in order to complete the analysis, a phone call was made to each organization observed. It was identified in each organization, its dominant culture, the type of relationship established with competitors and the reasons that led to the preference for the type of dominant relationship. Through the collected sample, it was possible to observe an apparent association between culture and relationships that organizations establish externally. Since Market and Hierarchy types of culture appear to be associated with the establishment of relationships of pure competition with competitors. Such as the Clan and Adhocracy types of culture seem to be associated with the establishment of cooperation and collaboration relationships with competitors.
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Chen, Shin-Horng. "Collaboration in industrial research and development : its nature, rationale and geography." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241346.

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16

Karabas, Sukriye. "Collaboration And Competition In Presence Of Imperfect Information And Non-linear Pricing." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614306/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, a market is assumed with n competing buyers where price is an inverse linear function of the quantity supplied to the market. The buyers get engaged in Cournot competition, but may also collaborate on purchasing decisions from a supplier. The supplier offers a quantity discount, as the quantity purchased increases unit price decreases. Furthermore, the demand base in the market is uncertain, but the buyers may get a signal of the demand. In this setting, the value of collaboration, information sharing and non-linear pricing is analyzed.
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17

Avdan, Nazli. "‘Collaborative Competition’ : Stance-taking and Positioning in the European Parliament." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för språk och litteratur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139842.

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The European Parliament (EP) is the scene where certain issues concerning over 500 million ‘Europeans’ are publicly debated and where politically relevant groupings are discursively coconstructed. While the Members of the Parliament (MEPs) pursue their political agendas, intergroup boundaries are drawn, reinforced, and/or transgressed. Speakers constantly take stances on behalf of groupings in relation to some presupposed other groupings and argue what differentiates ‘Self’ from ‘Others’. This study examines patterns of language use by the MEPs as they engage in the contextually and historically situated dialogical processes of intergroup positioning and stance-taking. It further focuses on the strategic and competitive activities of grouping, grounding, and alignment in order to reveal the dynamic construction of intergroup boundaries. The study is based on a collection of Blue-card question-answer sequences from the plenary debates held at the EP in 2011, when the Sovereign Debt Crisis had been stabilized to some degree but still evoked plenty of controversy. Theoretically the study builds on Stance Theory (Du Bois, 2007), Positioning Theory (Davies & Harré, 1990), and several broadly social constructivist approaches to discourse analysis (Fairclough, 1995). The analysis shows that intergroup positioning in the EP emerges as what I call a ‘collaborative competition’ between contradictory ideologies and political agendas. The MEPs strategically manipulate their opponents' prior or projected utterances in order to set up positions for self, a grouping he or she stands for, and thereby its adversaries. All participants engage in the maintenance and negotiation of intergroup boundaries, even though the boundaries hardly ever coincide between the different speakers. They discursively fence off some imaginary territories, leaving their adversaries with vague positions. When asking Blue-card questions, the MEPs use a particular turn organization, which involves routine forms of interactional units, namely addressing, question framing and question forms, each of which is shown to contribute to stance-taking. A dynamic model of stance-taking is suggested, allowing for a fluid transformation of the stance object as well as the discursively constructed stance-takers. While Blue-card questions are meant to serve as a structured procedure for eliciting information from a speaker, the analysis demonstrates that the MEPs accomplish various divergent actions that serve intergroup positioning. The dissertation thus contributes to the understanding of the discursive games played in the EP as the MEPs strive to construct social realities that fit their political ends.
Europaparlamentet (EP) är scenen där vissa frågor rörande mer än 500 miljoner ‘européer’ officiellt debatteras och där politiskt relevanta grupperingar diskursivt konstrueras [co-constructed]. Medan parlamentsmedlemmarna (MEPs) driver sina egna politiska agendor dras gränser mellan grupperna, och dessa gränser förstärks och/eller överträds. Talare intar oavbrutet vad man skulle kunna kalla för olika ‘hållningar’ (stances) för olika grupperingar i relation till vissa förutsatta andra grupperingar, och argumenterar för vad som skiljer ‘jaget/det egna’ (Self) från ‘de andra’ (Others). Denna studie undersöker språkmönster som används av parlamentsledamöterna när de hänger sig åt kontextuellt och historiskt situerade dialogiska processer rörande positionering mellan grupper (intergroup positioning) och stance-taking. Den fokuserar vidare på de strategiska och konkurrensutsatta aktiviteterna grouping (gruppformering), grounding (ung. legitimering av en talares stance) och alignment (när man placerar sig i linje med eller tar avstånd från en annan talares åsikter) för att urskilja den dynamiska konstruktionen av gränser mellan grupper. Studien baseras på en korpus av så kallade ‘Blue-card question-answer sequences’ från plenardebatter som hölls i EP under 2011, när statsskuldkrisen hade stabiliserats något men fortfarande utgjorde grunden för många kontroverser. Teoretiskt sett bygger studien på Stance-teori (Du Bois, 2007), Positionerings-teori (Davies & Harré, 1990) och ett flertal breda socialkonstruktivistiska infallsvinklar till diskursanalys (Fairclough, 1995). Analysen visar att positioneringen mellan de olika grupperingarna i EP framstår som något jag kallar ‘kollaborativ konkurrens’ mellan motstridiga ideologier och politiska agendor. Parlamentsledamöterna manipulerar strategiskt sina motståndares tidigare eller förutsedda yttranden för att positionera sig själva, en gruppering de står för, och därigenom dess meningsmotståndare. Alla deltagare agerar för att upprätthålla och förhandla gränsdragningen mellan grupperna, trots att gränserna nästan aldrig överensstämmer mellan de olika talarna. Diskursivt styckar de av några imaginära territorier, vilket lämnar deras motståndare i vaga positioner. När de ställer Blue-card questions använder sig parlamentsledamöterna av en särskild turtagningsorganisation, vilken inbegriper rutinformer av interaktionsenheter (interactional units), tilltal (addressing), hur frågor initieras (question framing), och frågeformer (question forms), av vilka var och en visar sig bidra till stance-taking. En dynamisk modell för stance-taking föreslås, vilket möjliggör en transformation av det kontinuerligt omdefinierade stance-objektet såväl som av de diskursivt konstruerade stance-takers. Medan Blue-card questions är avsedda att fungera som en strukturerad procedur för att få fram information från en talare demonstrerar analysen att parlamentsledamöterna lyckas med olika avledande manövrer som tjänar positioneringen mellan grupper. Avhandlingen bidrar på så vis till förståelsen av det diskursiva spelet i Europaparlamentet där parlamentsledamöterna strävar efter att konstruera sociala realiteter som tjänar deras politiska mål.
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Khaki, Boukani Farzad, and Soundous Boufaim. "Collaborative materials management : A comparison of competitive and collaborative approaches to materials management in SCM." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11290.

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Supply Chain Management (SCM) presents the new paradigm in strategic and operational business management for the 21st century. By offering a cooperative and integrated model of the value-creation process in a cross-organizational perspective, it also places new challenges on business management methods and instruments used, in theory as in practice. In the field of materials management, the new SCM perspective led to major changes in the methods used and in the emphasis of the different process steps. This master thesis presents classical as well as supply-chain-based materials management methods, compares them and draws conclusion on their use in theory and practice.

 

Materials Management (MM) was long neglected by business management and economic theory. The role of materials management as a secondary activity in the organization and its supportive role to production were encouraged in classical materials management. SCM reevaluated the value chain of whole industries and therefore reemphasized the strategic role of materials management for the supply chain. MM is divided into 5 steps or activity fields: supporting activities, sourcing, distribution, storage and disposal. SCM changed the methods used in each separate step. In supporting activities for example SCM requires multi-dimensional, long-term and dynamic instruments to guide decision-making in materials management, using cross-organizational cooperation to succeed, such as advanced purchasing. In sourcing the strategic role of sourcing was reemphasized by SCM and new tools such as the use of procurement marketing, SCR, green sourcing, TCO, ethical sourcing, PCB, strategic alliances and TPB were introduced, due to the new cooperative paradigm in SCM. In distribution and storage too, cooperative instruments are used to keep up competitiveness, such as VMI and integrated logistics. In disposal, however, SCM provides a totally new philosophy, reducing the focus on waste and enhancing material cycles, environmental programs and new recycling programs, such as reverse logistics. Overall in SCM, the main focus was relocated from scheduling and storage planning that was the main activity of materials management in the classical perspective to strategic sourcing and disposal as the two main processes of materials management.

Concluding, the comparison of classical and supply-chain-based materials management showed, that SCM emphasizes on the strategic role of materials management by offering an integrated and process-oriented perspective on the value-creation process. Furthermore supply-chain-based materials management bases on communication, mutual interdependence and decreasing short-term competition to stay competitive in the long run as an entity, represented by the supply-chain. The long-term, complex and dynamic perspective of SCM and the pursuing of multiple and conflicting goals in SCM are mirrored in the methods used in supply-chain-based Materials Management. Recapitulatory, SCM reemphasized the strategic role of materials management as a cooperative, process-oriented primary activity within the supply-chain that has major potential for the competitiveness of the supply chain in the long-run.

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19

Saunders, Clare. "Collaboration, competition and conflict : social movement and interaction dynamics of London's environmental movement." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412465.

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20

Stephens, Charles. "Enablers and inhibitors to horizontal collaboration between competitors : an investigation in UK retail supply chains." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/1574.

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Over the last half-century, the development of physical distribution management has led to the establishment of logistics, which itself has developed into one of the key components of supply chain management. As different models of competition have developed in parallel, so the concept of competition between supply chains, as opposed to between firms, has been described. These two trends are striking in the context of UK grocery retailing. This market sector is described as at the leading edge of innovation and is arguably among the most efficient in the one world. The speed and efficiency of these retail supply chains has underpinned customer offerings of range and freshness and has contributed to the growth of supermarket chains and thus the concentration of retail power in the UK grocery market. These trends then raise two issues. Innovation in logistics and distribution management appears to be easy to copy and thus goods ideas tend to be adopted by competitors and best practise is quickly and uniformly applied. Competitive advantage is, therefore, short term only. Secondly, new organisational paradigms, such as the extended or virtual enterprise, support the concept of competition between vertically integrated supply chains. However, it is not necessarily the case that all elements of the supply chain must be in competition. Whilst range, branding and procurement policies may continue to offer competitive advantage over time, the logistics elements of the supply chain might afford an opportunity for collaboration between competing supply chains, as these elements contribute no long term advantage to individual firms. New models for corporate strategy argue that collaboration between competitors is not only possible but desirable in certain areas of operations and under certain circumstances. Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) offers a set of tools for exploring potential areas of collaboration in the retail and grocery markets. However, in spite of collaboration in other areas and predictions by authors of collaboration in logistics operations, there is little evidence of applications in practise. This research set out to explore why this might be so. Research in the UK grocery market led to the proposition of a series of enablers and inhibitors for horizontal logistics collaborations, which were then tested in two other UK retail contexts.
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Li, Mo. "Competition vs. collaboration in the generation and adoption of a sequence of new technology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49679/.

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Although there is quite a rich literature relating to competitive innovation there is relatively little relating to technological collaboration. However, ignoring collaborative possibilities may result in overestimation of the importance of selfinnovation. This thesis is therefore mainly concerned with the determinants of collaboration in innovation, taking both a theoretical and an empirical approach. The empirics relate to the manufacturing industry in a Chinese region. The thesis is particularly innovative in emphasising how collaboration costs will be shared when collaboration occurs. We provide a game theoretic exploration of the decisions of firms on whether to compete or collaborate in the generation and adoption of a sequence of new technologies. Different from the models proposed by Vickers, who concentrates upon process innovation and a two-strategy (innovation or do nothing) set, our game theory model emphasises product innovation and either a three-strategy set (innovation, collaboration, and do nothing), or a fourstrategy set (innovation, collaboration, imitation and do nothing). In particular, MATLAB programming is employed for generating the equilibrium solution for each strategy set. We found that the relationship between imitation and collaboration and collaboration cost is not univariate. It depends upon the market type and various market characteristics, such as technology gap, technology level, the product substitution index, transaction costs and the discount rate of price sensitiveness. The results also show that the elasticity of collaboration opportunity with respect to transaction costs in a persistent dominance market is much greater than in an action reaction market. By using data on manufacturing in a Chinese region from 2005 to 2007, derived from the China Innovation Survey and the Annual Corporate Financial Survey, we empirically explored innovation and collaboration patterns. Three factors, innovative ability, absorptive capacity, and catching up capacity were proposed to positively affect both innovation and collaboration. This led to six hypotheses, which were tested using a number of econometric models encompassing selection bias, timing, and dynamics issues. The major finding from the empirical models suggests that innovative ability, absorptive capacity and catching up capacity all impact significantly and positively on collaboration, whilst innovation is positively related only to absorptive capacity. Also, we found that collaboration cost may increase with R&D, employees‘ education, the technology gap and collaboration cost in previous periods, but decrease with transaction cost, patents held, the technology level and perceived price. The thesis makes three contributions. Theoretically, our game theory model not only extends the understanding of the impacts of collaboration possibilities and collaboration cost in dynamic game theory, but also clarifies the impacts of transaction costs and imitation (and thus intellectual property rights (IPR)) on the outcome. Empirically, by introducing new data our work is the first to investigate collaboration patterns and collaboration cost sharing strategies in a mid-income level developing country. Last but not least, using MATLAB animation programming to simplify the calculation process of the game theory equilibrium may be considered as a methodological contribution.
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Belghith, Yasmine. "The Social Structures of OSINT: Examining Collaboration and Competition in Open Source Intelligence Investigations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103944.

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Investigations are increasingly conducted online by not only novice sleuths but also by professionals -- in both competitive and collaborative environments. These investigations rely on publicly available information, called open source intelligence (OSINT). However, due to their online nature, OSINT investigations often present coordination, technological, and ethical challenges. Through semi-structured interviews with 14 professional OSINT investigators from nine different organizations, we examine the social collaboration and competition patterns that underlie their investigations. Instead of purely competitive or purely collaborative social models, we find that OSINT organizations employ a combination of both, and that each has its own advantages and disadvantages. We also describe investigators' use of and challenges with existing OSINT tools. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on supporting investigators' with more appropriable tools and making investigations more social.
Master of Science
Investigations are increasingly conducted online by not only novice investigators but also by professionals, such as private investigators or law enforcement agents. These investigations are conducted in competitive environments, such as Capture The Flag (CTF) events where contestants solve crimes and mysteries, but also in collaborative environments, such as teams of investigative journalists joining skills and knowledge to uncover and report on crimes and/or mysteries. These investigations rely on publicly available information called open source intelligence (OSINT) which includes public social media posts, public databases of information, public satellite imagery...etc. OSINT investigators collect and authenticate open source intelligence in order to conduct their investigations and synthesize the authenticated information they gathered to present their findings. However, due to their online nature, OSINT investigations often present coordination, technological, and ethical challenges. Through semi-structured interviews with 14 professional OSINT investigators from nine different organizations, we examine how these professionals conduct their investigations, and how they coordinate the different individuals and investigators involved throughout the process. By analyzing these processes, we can discern the social collaboration and competition patterns that enable these professionals to conduct their investigations. Instead of purely competitive or purely collaborative social models, we find that OSINT organizations employ a combination of both, and that each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In other words, professional OSINT investigators compete with each other but also collaborate with each other at different stages of their investigations or for different investigative tasks. We also describe investigators' use of and challenges with existing OSINT tools and technologies. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on supporting investigators with tools that can adapt to their different needs and investigation types and making investigations more social.
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Bergendahl, Magnus. "Collaboration and competition in firm-internal ideation management : Two alternatives – and a third way out." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Integrerad produktutveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172534.

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The passive reliance on ideas to spontaneously emerge within companies is today replaced with more active and continuous ideation management that embraces employees from different functions and knowledge-domains within the company to create and develop ideas. A frequently observed feature in the active management of ideation is the reliance on collaboration and competition mechanisms. These mechanisms use the strength of enabling people to working together towards a shared interest (collaboration) and the power of enabling people to outperform each other in submitting the best idea (competition). The existing research on collaboration and competition in ideation is found inconclusive about their effects as collaboration is stated to both enhance and hamper performance, and as competition is claimed to both drive and reduce performance in ideation. This constitutes a limitation to the management of ideation as it reduces the ability to actively and purposefully guide ideation through a deliberate use of the two mechanisms. The aim of this thesis is to investigate collaboration and competition mechanisms in firm-internal ideation. A multi-methodological approach has been deployed using three different studies: a multiple case study, a survey, and an experiment. This has allowed for the phenomenon of ideation to be studied using different perspectives and for the individual results to be triangulated. The empirical data has been acquired from both industry and experiments with university students. The conducted research has revealed that the inconsistencies on the effects from the two mechanisms are possible to understand and resolve by applying a more detailed level of analysis. When competition is decomposed into components of individual- and group competition, it is found that individual competition drives idea quantity and that it hampers collaboration, whereas group competition instead is found to induce collaboration and to nurture idea quality. This indicates that competition can be used to manage levels of collaboration in ideation, thereby bridging the two mechanisms. This thesis further presents that the individual effects from each of the mechanisms are complementary to each other. This implies that the effect from each mechanism is retained when combined with the other mechanisms, and that the combined effect is equal to, or even greater than, the sum of the individual effects. This combined use is found to drive both ideation efficiency and motivation, and is offering management an interesting third alternative, out of the two mechanisms, of how firm-internal ideation can be managed in a more effective and efficient manner. An analytical framework is included, presenting the interrelationships between the mechanisms, motivation, ideation behavior and the ideation performance.

QC 20150831

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Nag, Sreeja. "Collaborative competition for crowdsourcing spaceflight software and STEM education using SPHERES Zero Robotics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78499.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-236).
Crowdsourcing is being researched as a technique to develop small-scale spaceflight software by issuing open calls for solutions to large crowds of people with the incentive of prizes. There is widespread investment of resources in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) education to improve STEM interests and skills. This thesis tackles the dual objectives of building crowdsourcing cluster flight software and educating students using collaborative gaming and competition, both in virtual simulation environments and on real hardware in space. The concept is demonstrated using the SPHERES Zero Robotics Program which is a robotics programming competition. The robots are nanosatellites called SPHERES - an experimental testbed to test navigation, formation flight and control algorithms - onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Zero Robotics allows students to access SPHERES through a web-based interface and the robust programs run on the hardware in microgravity, supervised by astronauts. The apparatus to investigate the influence of collaboration was developed by (1) building new web infrastructure and an Integrated Development Environment where intensive interparticipant collaboration is possible, (2) designing and programming a game to solve a relevant formation flight problem, collaborative in nature - and (3) structuring a tournament such that inter-team collaboration is mandated. The web infrastructure was built using crowdsourcing competitions too, to demonstrate feasibility of building software end-to-end through crowdsourcing. The multi-objective design of experiments had three types of collaborations as variables - within matches (to achieve game objectives), inter-team alliances and unstructured communication on online forums. The data used to evaluate objective achievement were simulation competition scores, website usage statistics, post-competition surveys and satellite telemetry from ISS hardware demonstrations. All types of collaboration showed positive influence on the quality of solutions achieved. Educationally, they showed mixed results and lessons on improving their process of implementation for more impact have been documented. Overall, this thesis ratifies the applicability of the developed framework for crowdsourcing spaceflight software and educating students and maps the utility of collaboration in this framework. A systems dynamics model for generalizing the framework into other programs for simultaneous crowdsourcing and education outreach has been proposed and management policy concerns highlighted.
by Sreeja Nag.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Kneissl, Lukas, and Christian Modre. "Dental Laboratory Crisis: How is Chinese competition affecting the Swedish dental industry?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35676.

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Background: With the appearance of the fourth industrial revolution a lot of industries had to change and adapt to computer integrated manufacturing, the ‘Internet of things’, cloud computing, machine to machine communication, additive manufacturing and ‘big data’. Overall, this industrial transformation is driven by digitalization. The Swedish dental laboratory industry is of special interest for our research due to the lack of adaption to the new technological changes, decreasing market share in Sweden and the threats from cheap Chinese production. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the current situation the Swedish small and medium sized dental laboratories are facing because of the threats from the Chinese competition. Therefore, we analyze the Swedish dental laboratory industry and map the situation. Moreover, we show what the laboratories are currently doing to defend their market position in a highly competitive environment. Method: The data was gathered from semi structured and open interviews of dental technicians, dentists and industry experts. This empirical data was analyzed in an abductive thematic approach. Additionally, this theory driven approach combines the research question and the propositions with the empirical findings to create a precise research report. Conclusion: Up to recently, China was a big threat for the domestic dental laboratories but this threat is decreasing nowadays. Due to the demand of high quality products with precise services, dentists require a close collaboration with the dental laboratories. In order to survive as an SME in the Swedish dental industry, collaborating in networks among local competitors can help to lift investments for new equipment in the transforming environment. With state of the art technology and shared competences Swedish dental laboratories can sustain their competitive advantage in global competition.
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26

Greening, Philip. "The influence of market structure, collaboration and price competition on supply network disruptions in open and closed markets." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8473.

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The relaxation of international boundaries has enabled the globalisation of markets making available an ever increasing number of specialised suppliers and markets. Inevitably this results in supply chains sharing suppliers and customers reflected in a network of relationships. Within this context firms buyers configure their supply relationships based on their perception of supply risk. Risk is managed by either increasing trust or commitment or by increasing the number of suppliers. Increasing trust and commitment facilitates collaboration and reduces the propensity for a supplier to exit the relationship. Conversely, increasing the number of suppliers reduces dependency and increases the ease of making alternative supply arrangements. The emergent network of relationships is dynamic and complex, and due in no small part to the influence of inventory management practices, tightly coupled. This critical organization of the network describes a system that contrary to existing supply chain conceptualisation exists far from equilibrium, requiring a different more appropriate theoretical lens through which to view them. This thesis adopts a Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) perspective to position supply networks as tightly coupled complex systems which according to Normal Accident Theory (NAT) are vulnerable to disruptions as a consequence of normal operations. The consequential boundless and emergent nature of supply networks makes them difficult to research using traditional empirical methods, instead this research builds a generalised supply network agent based computer model, allowing network constituents (agents) to take autonomous parallel action reflecting the true emergent nature of supply networks. This thesis uses the results from a series of carefully designed computer experiments to elucidate how supply networks respond to a variety of market structures and permitted agent behaviours. Market structures define the vertical (between tier) and horizontal (within tier) levels of price differentiation. Within each structure agents are permitted to autonomously modify their prices (constrained by market structure) and collaborate by sharing demand information. By examining how supply networks respond to different permitted agent behaviours in a range of market structures this thesis makes 4 contributions. Firstly, it extends NAT by incorporating the adaptive nature of supply network constituents. Secondly it extends supply chain management by specifying supply networks as dynamic not static phenomena. Thirdly it extends supply chain risk management through developing an understanding of the impact different permitted behaviour combinations on the networks vulnerability to disruptions in the context of normal operations. Finally by developing the understanding how normal operations impact a supply networks vulnerability to disruptions it informs the practice of supply chain risk management.
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Fellner, Angela N. "The Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Performance of a Cognitive Task in the Context of Collaboration vs. Competition." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227269628.

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Cartwright, James A. "An Investigation of a Highly Successful Team Environment: The Case of the Male French National Whitewater Slalom Single Canoe and Kayak Team." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19738.

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To date, most of the research on group cohesion has focused on team sports, with little known about how this body of knowledge relates to individual sports. The case of the male French whitewater slalom canoe and kayak team was chosen because of the success of the team at World Championships and Olympic Games. The purpose of the present case study was to investigate how the coaches and athletes of this highly successful team worked together in training and competition within a highly competitive environment. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six athletes and four coaches. Three themes, each containing numerous sub-themes, emerged from the analysis: (a) the nature of collaboration within the team environment, (b) coach leadership, and (c) the fragility of collaboration. The results of the present study have advanced our understanding of what collaboration within an individual sport team may look like. For a period of time, the leadership skills of the coaches, as well as their technical coaching expertise, and the willingness of the talented and driven athletes to work together, contributed significantly to a collaborative environment for this team. Then a change in the Olympic entry rules, the departure of an influential coach, and the inevitable change in the ages and experiences of the athletes themselves all combined to erode the foundation of that productive and collaborative environment.
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Machado, Let?cia dos Santos. "Empirical studies about collaboration in competitive software crowdsourcing." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8256.

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Software Crowdsourcing (SW CS) ? uma estrat?gia emergente de desenvolvimento de software onde um grande n?mero de pessoas tem se engajado para contribuir em v?rias atividades de software. Tal estrat?gia (baseada na multid?o), tem sido utilizada pelas empresas que est?o buscando aumentar a velocidade de seus esfor?os em desenvolvimento de software. SW CS est? geralmente estruturado em torno de plataformas que permitem que um solicitante submeta uma tarefa e conecte-a com uma multid?o de pessoas que ir? pr?ver solu??es para a tarefa. Essas plataformas geralmente exploram uma abordagem competitiva para realiza??o da tarefa: membros da multid?o, independentemente, criam uma solu??o para a tarefa enquanto competem uns contra os outros em busca de uma premia??o financeira ao final da tarefa entregue. Uma vez que a competi??o pode reduzir a colabora??o, recentes estudos, surpreendentemente, indicam que a colabora??o existe em plataformas de SW CS. Estes estudos t?m focado em dois aspectos. O primeiro, em problemas de colabora??o entre plataforma e solicitante com rela??o a atribui??o da multid?o e as tarefas a serem desenvolvidas nos desafios de competi??o (aloca??o e submiss?o de tarefas) e, o segundo aspecto, relacionado ao impacto da colabora??o entre membros da multid?o e a qualidade das solu??es submetidas. Outros aspectos referentes a colabora??o entre os membros da multid?o ainda s?o amplamente inexplorados. Nessa tese, nosso objetivo ? identificar barreiras e caracter?sticas de colabora??o enfrentadas pelos membros da multid?o em SW CS competitivo. Para alcan?ar este objetivo, n?s conduzimos m?ltiplos estudos utilizando diferentes m?todos de pesquisa divididos em duas fases: explorat?ria e avaliatoria. Para a fase explorat?ria, os dados coletados foram obtidos a partir de: (i) partes envolvidas em projetos de SW CS (solicitante, multid?o e plataforma) atrav?s de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais e empresas, (ii) estudos selecionados atrav?s da revis?o da literatura e; (iii) estudo emp?rico sobre como desenvolvedores colaboram entre si em uma plataforma de SW CS competitivo ? TopCoder. A barreira de colabora??o mais frequente encontrada est? associada a falta de comunica??o apropriada entre as partes. Baseado nessa barreira decidimos na fase avaliat?ria conduzir uma (iv) an?lise qualitativa do principal canal de comunica??o utilizado pela multid?o: f?rums hospedados na plataforma TopCoder e, finalmente, (v) realizamos um survey destinado aos desenvolvedores que competiram na TopCoder para avaliar a influ?ncia da colabora??o no desempenho da tarefa. Os resultados obtidos nos estudos avaliat?rios sugerem que a colabora??o entre os membros da multid?o est? correlacionada com a entrega de solu??es de software vencedoras nos desafios de SW CS.
Software Crowdsourcing (SW CS) is an emergent software development strategy where a large number of people have been engaged to contribute in several software activities. Such strategy (based on the crowd), has been used for companies who are seeking to increase the speed of their software development efforts. This strategy is usually structured around platforms that allow a requester submit a task to be performed and connect with the crowd that assigned and provide a solution for the task. These platforms usually explore a competitive approach: members of the crowd independently create a solution while compete against each other by monetary rewards for task completion. While competition usually reduces collaboration, some recent studies surprisingly indicate that there is collaboration in SW CS platforms. These studies have focused on two aspects. First, collaboration concerns between platform and requester in terms of crowd?s assignment to the challenges (task allocation and submission) and second, the impact of the collaboration among crowd members in the quality of the submitted solutions. Other aspects of the collaboration among crowd members have been largely unexplored. In this thesis, our goal is to identify collaboration?s characteristics and barriers faced by crowd members in competitive software crowdsourcing. To achieve this goal, we have conducted multiple studies, using mixed research methods divided in two phases: one exploratory and one evaluatory. For the exploratory phase, we used data collected from: (i) the three involved parties in SW CS projects (requester, crowd and platform) through semi structured interviews with practitioners and companies, (ii) studies selected via literature review; and (iii) an empirical study about how developer collaborated with each other in a SW CS competitive platform ? TopCoder. The most frequent collaboration barrier was associated to lack of proper communication among the parties. Based on this barrier we decided, in the evaluatory phase, to conduct a (iv) qualitative analysis of the main communication channel used by the crowd: forums hosted on TopCoder platform and (v) a survey aimed at developers who had competed on TopCoder to assess the influence of collaboration in task performance. Our results from these evaluatory studies suggest that collaboration among crowd members is correlated with delivering winning solutions in SW CS challenges.
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Nunes, Mateus Bisotto. "Running Wheel : proposta e análise de um exergame motivacional para corrida." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/105009.

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O panorama populacional do Brasil mostra um quadro de crescimento significativo nas taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade na infância e juventude. Essa realidade deve levar ao aumento da incidência de casos de doenças e, por consequência, ao aumento dos gastos públicos com saúde nos próximos anos. Diante dessa perspectiva, exergames - classe de jogos que buscam unir a diversão de jogos eletrônicos à promoção da saúde através da prática de atividades físicas - podem trazer uma contribuição significativa à sociedade. Entretanto, é necessário identificar a melhor forma de motivar as pessoas e definir as funcionalidades que favorecem o estímulo no ambiente do jogo. Este trabalho introduz o Running Wheel, um exergame de caminhada ou corrida em esteira ergométrica, com modos de jogo single player e multiplayer, nas versões competitivo (contra um adversário) e colaborativo (corrida em grupo cooperativo). O mjogo captura a velocidade da esteira e o ritmo cardíaco do jogador. A exibição é feita em um monitor instalado à frente da esteira. O sistema descrito foi implementado e uma metodologia desenvolvida para avaliação de duas hipóteses: a) existe diferença de desempenho entre os participantes que utilizam o Running Wheel no modo competitivo daqueles que experimentam o modo single player; e b) diferentes tipos de parceiros virtuais influenciam o desempenho, ou seja, correr contra si mesmo, contra alguém melhor, ou a livre escolha de um adversário de uma lista, pode levar a resultados distintos. Foram realizados experimentos com 12 voluntários ao longo de seis sessões de corrida, com 12 minutos de duração cada uma. As avaliações revelaram preferência dos participantes pelo modo multiplayer competitivo (10 usuários) sendo que a principal característica motivacional apontada foi o avatar (5 participantes), seguido do ambiente virtual (4 participantes). Os usuários do modo competitivo demonstraram um nível de esforço significativamente superior ao daqueles do modo single player, também confirmado por um ritmo cardíaco em média 5,9% maior, indicando que o modo competitivo teve uma capacidade de estímulo maior. As diferenças de distância e tipos de avatares, no entanto, não foram estatisticamente significantes, o que deverá ser investigado em pesquisas futuras. Os resultados evidenciaram a capacidade do exergame mudar a percepção dos usuário. Mesmo pessoas que inicialmente afirmaram não serem competitivas mudaram seu comportamento após a intervenção. Trabalhos futuros devem investigar o modo colaborativo em comparação com os outros modos, levando-se em conta aspectos de personalização do jogo como escolha das mensagens, e uso de avatares mais realistas. Outras áreas de interesse incluem métodos de geração de cenários baseados em locais públicos, e renderização de múltiplos avatares, simulando uma maratona virtual com mais competidores.
Developing countries like Brazil are witnessing important changes on demographics with increasing rates of overweight and obese children and young adults. These trends may lead to an increase of diseases, which in turn can cause an impact on public funds of health and social security. Considering this picture, exergames - class of games that combine health promotion to video games and thus fun - may bring an important contribution to change society. However, it’s necessary to acknowledge the main ways and features of stimulus that can be leveraged in this class of application, to promote a better incentive on the virtual gaming environment. In this work we introduce Running Wheel, an exergame with single player and multiplayer (competitive or collaborative) modes with real time capture of heartbeat rhythm and speed of a treadmill. The Running Wheel system is described and a methodology for its evaluation is presented, investigating two hypotheses: (a) there is difference between users that ran with the competitive mode versus the single player mode; and (b) there is difference in performance depending on the kind of competitor picked (three virtual competitors were tested: against oneself, against a better player or free selection from a list). We evaluated Running Wheel with 12 volunteers which performed at least 6 jogging sessions of 12 minutes each, following Cooper’s Fitness Test. Ten users preferred the competitive mode over the single player and reported the main source of motivation being the avatar (5 participants) followed by the virtual environment (4 participants). Volunteers of the competitive mode showed a superior level of effort with a heart beat rhythm 5.9% above when compared to those exercising on single player. However we did not find statistically significant differences of distance or among the different kinds of participants which should be addressed on a future research. Results confirmed that this exergame could change users’ behavior on competitiveness. Even volunteers that initially reported not being competitive at all had this perception changed after experimenting Running Wheel. Future works should investigate the collaborative mode against other modes and personalization features such as customized goals and incentive messages, more realistic avatars based on player’s physical appearance and scenarios modeled from real locations.
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31

Flora, Bethany Hope. "The Professional Lives of Higher Education Center Administrators." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26651.

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In instances where many universities offer off-campus programs in a single locale, a supplier network exists. These supplier networks, or higher education centers (HECs) are beneficial to students and regions where the programs are delivered (Baus, 2007; Peterson, 2007). Few empirical studies have focused on consortium educational environments, such as HECs and most studies of off-campus education have taken an outsider-looking-in approach. One window into the world of HECs is to examine the professional lives of administrators who work in the HEC environment. Professional life can be explored by eliciting data about work, relationships and rewards (Hirt, 2006; Hirt et al., 2006; Hirt et al., 2004).The purpose of this case study was to examine the professional lives of administrators who work at a HEC. Data collection included engaging the participants in four exercises where they created social artifacts. Diagrams, graphs, concept maps and drawings are complementary additions to the traditional interview and encourage contributions from interviewees that might not otherwise be obtained (Crilly, Blackwell, & Clarkson, 2006; Enger, 1998). Data from the social artifacts were used to customize the semi-structured interview protocol. Findings indicate that those who work at HECs define their work, in large part, by those who benefit from that work: students, communities, and member institutions. The organizational dynamics that drive the work of HEC administrators are competition, collaboration and balance. HEC professionals view their primary role as being the face of their institution or the Center in the local community. They describe their work as a culminating experience that is both rewarding and challenging. At the core of this work are the relationships that HEC professionals establish and sustain with others. These relationships are defined by resource coordination, advocacy, and appreciation. Findings suggest that institutions would benefit from engaging in greater reciprocity with HEC professionals to include expertise reciprocity, relationship reciprocity, and resource reciprocity. In general, professional life at HECs is rich, varied, challenging, but rewarding.
Ph. D.
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32

Poon, Ka Yan. "Co-producing a cold war cosmopolitan fantasy: collaboration and competition between Hong Kong and Japanese Cinema in the 1950s and 1960s." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/548.

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This dissertation is a study of how Hong Kong and Japanese cinema constructed an imaginary of cosmopolitanism in films for a global market through co-production during the Cold War. Co-production examined in the dissertation is not limited to co-produced films. In the mid-1950s to the late 1960s, Hong Kong and Japanese cinema had frequent contact, which included co-organizing a film festival, exchanging film talents, and adapting films. Neutral terms like collaboration and cooperation describing the interchange between Japanese and Hong Kong cinema often disguised their competition in an uneven power relationship. Focusing on the two major studios in Hong Kong, i.e., Shaw Brothers and Cathay Organization, this dissertation examines their relationship with Japanese cinema by analyzing the complex negotiations inherent throughout the collaboration.;The dissertation conceptualizes the tension between Hong Kong and Japanese cinema as a spatial struggle, in which the materiality of space played a critical role. Japanese cinema's attempts to maintain its hegemony and dominance in Asia and Hong Kong cinema's endeavors to improve its position in the hierarchy of regional and global film industries contributed to the production of space. The space of production such as the cinematic space in films, in turn, influenced the dynamic between the two cinemas. Each chapter examines different forces within the production of space with common concern on the space of production that the two cinemas competed to construct a worldview beneficial to its own respective positioning in the region and the world. The forces at work are the role of technology at the Southeast Asian Film Festival, the embodiment of Hong Kong star in the co-produced films, and the border-crossing of Japanese talent to work in Hong Kong. The dissertation argues that through co-production with Japanese cinema, Hong Kong's film industry imbued its stars and films with a fantasy of cosmopolitanism for a global market, without challenging the patriarchal family ideology of Chinese society. The spatial struggle with Hong Kong cinema demonstrates that Japanese cinema attempted to define itself as a leader in Asia while confronting the West during the Cold War.
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Lista, Andrea. "The application of Article 101 of the Treaty of Lisbon to forms of horizontal collaboration in the Financial Services Sector." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8558.

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Since the dawn of the European Union, insurance and banking undertakings claimed to be subject to a special status vis-à-vis the application of EU competition law, due to the quasi social nature of the services they provide. Within the financial services industry, anti-trust concerns do arise in relation to mergers and acquisitions, possible abuses of dominant position and state aid; however Art. 101 TFEU and the regulation of forms of co-operation arguably represent the paramount and most intricate aspects of the application of the EU competition rules to the financial services sector. This is due to the fact that the insurance and banking industries historically have been characterised by intense forms of horizontal co-operation between undertakings deemed necessary for the correct functioning of the financial services industry. On a general level, any agreement establishing a homogeneous pricing structure vis-à-vis consumers represents a blatant violation of Art. 101 TFEU giving rise to serious anti-trust concerns. Nevertheless, as will be explored in this thesis, in the financial services sector the Commission has often allowed what the doctrine has correctly defined as “forms of horizontal agreements concerning a relevant cost element making up the final price vis-à-vis customers”1 through its decisions relating 1 See Faull & Nikpay, “The EC Law of Competition” OUP 2007, p. 636.to interbank fees in payment systems and through the enactment of a block exemption for the insurance industry. Art. 101 thus seems to manifest a common element for these two industries, presenting interesting and intricate teleological quandaries. This thesis endeavours to break the impasse down into questions to which an answer may be provided: Ought Art. 101 to apply to the financial services sector at all? If so, to what extent? Is there any justification for a block exemption in the insurance sector? Indeed, should the banking sector too benefit from a block exemption? This thesis endeavours to answer the above questions and thereby to contribute to the identification of an ideal regulatory framework for forms of horizontal co-operation in the financial services sector.
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Pinto, Barrios Jean Paul, and Estrada Lucía Alejandra Guzmán. "Towards a New Competition Law: Some Comments on the Reform. Interview with Dr. Alejandro Falla Jara." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118521.

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The present interview seeks to give some points of view about the reform of Competency regulation. In that line, the interviewee give us his general opinion about the reform, the main contribution to the matter and those aspects that were missed, focusing his opinion on anti-competitive practice and negative regulation of anticompetitive practices.
La presente entrevista busca dar algunos puntos de vista respecto a la reforma a la Ley de Competencia. En esa línea, el entrevistado nos da su opinión general sobre la reforma, los aportes que brinda y aquellos aspectos que considera faltaron regularse, centrando su opinión en aquellos temas de combate de prácticas anticompetitivas y control de regulaciones anticompetitivas.
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Blohm, Ivo, Ulrich Bretschneider, Michael Huber, Jan Marco Leimeister, and Helmut Krcmar. "Collaborative Filtering in Ideenwettbewerben: Evaluation zweier Skalen zur Teilnehmerbewertung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-141909.

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In diesem Beitrag werden zwei verschiedene Skalen zur Durchführung von Teilnehmerbewertungen in Ideenwettbewerben auf ihre Validität untersucht. Dafür werden diese mit einer unabhängigen, validierten Expertenbewertung verglichen. Auf Basis von Kreuztabellen wird gezeigt, dass eine einfache binäre Skala („Go“ oder „No Go“) eine höhere Übereinstimmungsvalidität besitzt als ein komplexes, mehrdimensionales Bewertungsformular. Auf Basis dieser Untersuchung werden konkrete Gestaltungsempfehlungen für die Praxis abgeleitet sowie zukünftiger Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt.
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Blohm, Ivo, Ulrich Bretschneider, Michael Huber, Jan Marco Leimeister, and Helmut Krcmar. "Collaborative Filtering in Ideenwettbewerben: Evaluation zweier Skalen zur Teilnehmerbewertung." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27997.

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In diesem Beitrag werden zwei verschiedene Skalen zur Durchführung von Teilnehmerbewertungen in Ideenwettbewerben auf ihre Validität untersucht. Dafür werden diese mit einer unabhängigen, validierten Expertenbewertung verglichen. Auf Basis von Kreuztabellen wird gezeigt, dass eine einfache binäre Skala („Go“ oder „No Go“) eine höhere Übereinstimmungsvalidität besitzt als ein komplexes, mehrdimensionales Bewertungsformular. Auf Basis dieser Untersuchung werden konkrete Gestaltungsempfehlungen für die Praxis abgeleitet sowie zukünftiger Forschungsbedarf aufgezeigt.
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Buchinger, Diego. "Sherlock dengue 8: the Neighborhood - um jogo sério colaborativo-competitivo para combate à dengue." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2044.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:22:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diego Buchinger.pdf: 6508385 bytes, checksum: 43c3902c34434ea92c276412dcd6d710 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The dengue fever disease is a public health problem in many countries. Whilst efforts on creating a vaccine have been expended, the adopted practice for controlling this disease is raising the population awareness about this problem. Teaching to youngsters however, has proven a challenging task. In this sense, using Serious Games is a way for increasing motivation, and the use of collaborative and competitive interactions altogether can provide more learning. Thus, a new collaborative-competitive Serious Game about dengue was designed and developed. As no design methodology to this type of game was found, motivational fundaments for games were adopted in order to guide the game design. The game was promoted and used by various audiences, from K-12 to post-graduates, in joint efforts for dengue fever awareness. In order to assess learning, 71 joint effort participants answered a questionnaire of dengue fever knowledge and confidence before and after the game usage. Based on the data gathered, an increase of 17.35% in the participants mean knowledge about dengue fever and an increase of 51.23% in the answers confidence were observed. Also, there was an increase of 74.07% participants that have obtained a grade equal to or greater than seven, on a scale of zero to ten. The results are strong evidence that Sherlock Dengue 8 can promote learning and confidence on the knowledge regarding dengue fever.
A doença da dengue tem se mostrado um problema de saúde pública em muitos países. Enquanto esforços estão sendo despendidos para a criação de uma vacina, a prática adotada para o controle desta doença é a conscientização da população sobre este problema. Ensinar os jovens entretanto, tem se mostrado uma tarefa desafiadora. Neste sentido, a proposta do uso de Jogos Sérios é um meio de aumentar a motivação e, o uso de interações colaborativas e competitivas, juntas, pode trazer maior aprendizado. Assim, um Jogo Sério Colaborativo-Competitivo sobre dengue foi projetado e desenvolvido. Como não se encontrou uma metodologia de design para este tipo de jogo, adotaram-se os fundamentos da área motivacional de jogos para orientar o design. O jogo foi promovido e utilizado por diversos públicos, do ensino fundamental à pós-graduação em mutirões de conscientização sobre a dengue. A fim de avaliar a aprendizagem com a utilização do jogo, 71 participantes responderam a um questionário de conhecimento e confiança antes e após o uso do jogo. Com base nos dados obtidos foi verificado um aumento médio de 17,35% no conhecimento sobre dengue, um aumento médio de 51,23% na confiança nas respostas e um aumento de 74,07% no número de participantes que obtiveram nota igual ou superior a sete, numa escala de zero a dez. Os resultados são fortes indícios de que o Sherlock Dengue 8 pode promover aprendizado e confiança no conhecimento sobre a dengue.
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Vutula, Noncedo. "The scope and functionality of the National Innovation Competition as an instrument to promote academic entrepreneurship in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1522.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
This study focuses on academic entrepreneurship. It commences with a literature review on international trends in academic entrepreneurship, with a particular focus on incentive schemes used by selected countries to encourage innovativeness in academic institutions. Linkages between these incentives schemes and the improvement in the level of innovations made are demonstrated. This study will also show that in some countries, such as Brazil and Finland, these innovation incentives have led to the formation of start-up companies and an increased number of patents. The international scenario in academic entrepreneurship is linked to the South African scenario, as presented in the chapter on the science and technology landscape in South Africa. The main focus of the South African scenario will be on the National Innovation Competition (NIC), which is an instrument of the Innovation Fund specifically aimed at encouraging and providing innovation incentives at the level of higher education institutions. This research report also provide findings of interviews with different people within the academic entrepreneurship fraternity as well as an assessment of the differences between the winning and the non-winning business plans, which are used as a basis of providing incentives to the winners of the NIC. Recommendations are made in an attempt to provide solutions to the challenges encountered in the NIC at both institutional levels, as participants, and at government level, as funders of the NIC. This will hopefully improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the NIC. Although the NIC was only started in 2004, it is envisaged that areas of improvement can be identified at this early stage. This, coupled with the lessons learnt from the international literature review, will provide a mechanism that will make the NIC a powerful instrument to encourage innovation at HEI (Higher Education Institution) level. The conclusions drawn from this report include lessons learnt from the international literature review.
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Demarquette, Maximilien. "Essais en microéconomie financière et appliquée." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020006/document.

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Cette thèse est composée de trois articles indépendants qui ont pour trait commun d’analyser le comportement d’investisseurs et de firmes en situation de concurrence imparfaite. Nous considérons d’abord un modèle de marché financier à la Kyle (1985) où les investisseurs peuvent produire soit un signal (fondamental) sur la valeur d’un actif risqué, soit un signal (non-fondamental) sur la demande aléatoire des noise traders. Nous montrons que réduire le coût du signal non-fondamental détériore l’efficience informationnelle du prix du titre et,sous certaines conditions, le bien-être des noise traders. Nous étendons ensuite le modèle au cas où les investisseurs non-fondamentalistes soumettent des ordres à cours limité. Leur activité s’apparente alors à du “front running”. Par ce biais, nous enrichissons nos résultats et montrons que l’effet potentiellement néfaste de l’accès à l’information non-fondamentale persiste.Nous considérons ensuite un marché à la Kyle (1985) où des agents non informés échangent pour un motif de partage de risque avec des investisseurs répartis sur un réseau.Ces derniers partagent leurs signaux avec leurs contacts, ce qui formalise une meilleure diffusion de l’information. Nous évaluons alors l’effet de cette hypothèse sur deux critères: le profit spéculatif et l’espérance d’utilité des agents non informés qui mesure l’efficacité du partage de risque sur le marché. Nous montrons que l’ajout du réseau peut simultanément améliorer ces deux critères ainsi que l’efficience informationnelle du prix. Un résultat original qui ne peut pas être obtenu sans l’ajout du réseau. Enfin, nous caractérisons la coopération graduelle entre deux firmes concurrentes de tailles différentes incapables de contracter et dont les contributions sont irréversibles. Nous montrons que l’asymétrie entre les deux firmes ralentit fortement le processus de collaboration,ce qui souligne l’importance des arrangements contractuels dans certaines situations. Nous montrons aussi qu’un renforcement de la concurrence entre les deux firmes peut nuire au bien-être social en réduisant leur capacité à collaborer
This thesis contains three distinct papers related to the behavior of investors or firms acting under imperfect competition. First, we consider a Kyle’s (1985) model where investors can produce either a (fundamental) signal on the value of the risky asset, or a (non fundamental)signal on the forth coming demand from noise traders. We show that reducing the cost of the non-fundamental signal worsens price informativeness as well as the welfare of noise traders under some conditions. Then, we extend the model by allowing non fundamental traders to submit limit orders. Their activity is then analogous to front running. By this mean, we enrich our results and show that the potentially detrimental effect of non-fundamental information still pertains. Then, we consider a market à la Kyle (1985) where uninformed hedgers trade for risk sharing purposes with investors located on a network, who share their signal with their“contacts”. This hypothesis formalizes a better diffusion of information. We evaluate its effect on speculative gains and hedgers’ expected utility which depends on the risk sharing role of the market. We show that the introduction of the network might simultaneously improve these two welfare measures as well as price informativeness. An original result that cannot be obtained otherwise. Finally, we consider a contribution game between two competitors of different sizes. We obtain the value of their (irreversible) contributions during each period of the game. We show that the asymmetry between the two firms strongly slowers the collaboration process,high lighting the importance of contractual arrangements in some circumstances. Also, we obtain that increasing competition might be detrimental to social welfare, because it harms the ability of the two firms to set up a mutually beneficial process of collaboration
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Abu-Talib, Noraini. "Commercialization and its discontents." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/390.

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Since the late 1990s the government of Malaysia has increased emphasis on its Intensification of Research in Priority Areas (IRPA) program, focusing scientific research in universities and government research institutes (GRIs) on activities most likely to enhance national economic performance. The IRPA’s main purpose is to fund commercially viable research for the benefit of business. However, its 2001 mid-term review showed its rates and volumes of commercialization and technology transfer (CTT) to be inadequate. This study aimed to explain the perceived low rate of adoption and commercialization of scientific knowledge in manufacturing in Malaysia by exploring the actions of companies, universities and GRIs. Two main models of technical change, the Technik and the STH ones, were used. Fieldwork was carried out in Malaysia. Purposive sampling led to selection of 60 interviewees: 23 managers and professionals from companies, 17 scientists, eight Technology Transfer Office officers, six senior research administrators, three venture capitalists, two journalists and a politician. The interviews were open-ended. It was seen that research findings were not always relevant to company interests, and companies often preferred their own or adopted, sometimes reverse-engineered, technology. Government CTT funds did not help much in with design, prototypes and pilot plants. Inadequate communication and lack of trust influenced the low uptake of research findings. The commercial relevance of much scientific research was questioned. More government support for company risk-taking appeared to be needed. Differences in attitude and poor understanding of policies and principles tended to contribute to low uptake. Managers, professional, scientists, Technology Transfer Officers, senior research administrators, venture capitalists needed more flexibility, knowledge and skills to respond to profit-driven research findings. A specifically Malaysian approach to CTT was advocated.
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Bradburn, Suzie. "Les systèmes d'échanges locaux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0280.

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Nés en France en 1994 dans les milieux ruraux en réponse à une conjoncture difficile, les systèmesd’échanges locaux s’inscrivent dans une logique en marge du modèle économique dominant, en permettant àleurs membres d’échanger des biens, des services et des savoir-faire au moyen d’une monnaie conventionnellebasée sur le temps, concurrente, mais licite, de la monnaie légale.La crainte de voir des personnes trouver dans le SEL le moyen de dissimuler une activité économiquerémunératrice est écartée dès lors que l’on distingue les sélistes-particuliers qui participent aux échanges demanière occasionnelle, de sorte qu’ils n’en tirent qu’un complément de revenu modeste, et les sélistesprofessionnelsexerçant une activité économique permanente et rémunératrice dans les conditions analogues àcelles d’un professionnel. Ces derniers doivent être soumis aux mêmes règlementations que celles applicablesaux professionnels, sous peine de sanctions.Le recours à une structure juridique permet d’organiser les échanges en leur apportant les moyens nécessaires àleur développement, spécialement par l’édition d’un catalogue des offres et des demandes et la mise en placed’un compte courant multilatéral. Même si la forme sociale est envisageable, l’association est la structure lamieux adaptée pour répondre aux besoins en organisation juridique des SEL. Elle correspond tant à leur but nonlucratif qu’à leur philosophie fondée sur des valeurs humaines et la solidarité
Born in France in 1994 in the rural areas in reply to a difficult economic situation, Local ExchangesSystems became an alternative of the dominant economic model, which enables members to exchange goods,services and know-how thanks to a conventional currency based upon time, which is a competitive licit solutionof the existing legal currency.The fear of seeing people using the LES to hide a remunerative econonomical activity would be taken away assoon as a clear distinction is made between private-members, who take part in exchanges occasionally to add asmall additionnal income, and those who become professional by developping a permanent and lucrative activitywithin professional conditions. This category of members must abide by the same rule that applies toprofessionals, subject to sanctions.In order to organize the exchanges, the members can use a legal structure. This would give them the necessaryhelp for their development by providing a catalogue of offers and demands and the creation of a multilateralcurrent account. Even if a type of company structure is possible, an association is better adapted for the needs ofthe legal organization of the LES. It corresponds to their non lucrative and philosophical goals based uponhuman values and solidarity
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Boukouyen, Fatiha. "Analyse compréhensive du comportement opportuniste des acteurs sur les plateformes de co-création." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC025.

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La littérature des plateformes de co-création s’est généralement focalisée sur les participants (i.e., la foule) et a investigué leurs motivations, leurs caractéristiques et les stratégies qu’ils peuvent adopter (i.e., coopération, compétition, coopétition). C’est ainsi que les chercheurs ont négligé l’étude de l’opportunisme malgré que son importance ait été évoquée dans certains travaux de recherche. Pour combler ce gap théorique, notre recherche a pour objectif d’explorer et de comprendre le comportement opportuniste des acteurs de co-création (i.e., marques, plateformes et participants) dans le contexte virtuel, plus particulièrement celui des plateformes de co-création, et ce en utilisant la méthode de la Netnographie sur deux plateformes de co-création internationales et un forum de discussion dédié à différents créateurs. Le cadre théorique de notre travail de recherche, les principaux résultats et les apports théoriques, méthodologiques et managériaux sont présentés dans les chapitres correspondants
The literature on co-creation platforms has been mainly focused on studying the crowds (i.e., participants) and that by investigating their motivations, their characteristics, and the strategies they use (i.e., cooperation, competition, coopetition). Therefore, researchers did not study opportunism even if its importance has been emphasized in prior research. To fill this gap, our research aims to explore and understand opportunistic behavior of actors or co-creators (i.e., brands, platforms, and participants) in the virtual context, especially that of co-creation platforms, using the method of Netnography in two famous co-creation platforms and a forum which is dedicated to different creators. Our research background, the main results as well as theoretical, methodological, and practical implications are presented in the related chapters
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Gibson, Laila. "Learning Destinations : The complexity of tourism development." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-435.

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Our world is becoming increasingly complex, and is rapidly changingwith distances being reduced. Societies today are also in atransition from traditional production industries to increasingreliance on communication, consumption, services and experience. Asone of these emerging ‘new industries’, tourism is part of thismovement. Globalisation also makes further development of tourismpossible through, amongst other things, the spreading of languages;the development of low-cost carriers; international monetary systems;telecommunications and other technological innovations. Tourismcontributes to the globalisation of society and at the same time is aproduct of it. This is confirmed by complexity theories that stressthe systematic and dynamic nature of globalisation and theinterdependence of the global and the local. Hence, in this thesis,it is argued that acknowledging the complexity of tourism isnecessary for understanding tourism development, and more knowledgeabout tourism also leads to greater knowledge of our society.

The main aim of this thesis is to understand the complexity of localand regional tourist destination development, by exploring social andcultural factors that influence this development. In order to fulfilthis aim, analysis has been conducted at three different levels:places, projects and people. More specifically, by examining placesand how they develop as destinations; investigating the structure of,and processes within, groups and networks important for destinationdevelopment and by exploring the roles, resources and attitudes ofenterprising people who are seen as key for development. The thesisis based on a research project including three studies of tourismdestinations and projects in Northern Sweden and Scotland.

The social and cultural factors connected to tourism development arein turn part of learning processes, which in this thesis are seen asfundamental mechanisms for processes of development. A frameworkcalled ‘Learning Destinations’ is introduced that demonstrates howimportant social and cultural factors manifest themselves at each ofthe three levels: places, projects and people. History and heritageand rationales are the main cultural factors discussed, whilstinteraction and boundaries are prominent social factors found toinfluence tourism development. It is suggested that the framework of‘Learning Destinations’ may serve as a tool for understanding thecomplexity of local and regional tourism development.

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FERRARIO, SUSANNA. "LAVORO AUTONOMO E INTERESSI COLLETTIVI: RAPPRESENTANZA, ORGANIZZAZIONE E AZIONE SINDACALE DI TUTELA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/257.

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La ricerca prende avvio dalla ricostruzione dei processi socio-economici che hanno portato alla crisi del modo di produzione taylorista-fordista. Muovendo da tali riflessioni, si constata come le imprese “post-fordiste” si avvalgano in misura crescente di lavoratori autonomi, un tempo coordinati e continuativi e, oggi, a progetto (artt. 61 e ss., d.lgs. 276/2003). Tali collaboratori sono, dunque, soggetti ad un potere (contrattuale) di coordinamento del committente che, alle volte, si somma ad una condizione di dipendenza economica dal committente medesimo. Si crea, quindi, una differenziazione interna all'area dell'autonomia coordinata che non pare adeguatamente valorizzata dal legislatore ordinario, ma che sembra interessare i sindacati. Il dato reale vede, infatti, agire rappresentanze varie, sicché occorre circoscrivere l'ambito di applicabilità degli artt. 39 e 40 Cost. L'assenza di un genuino interesse collettivo e di un'effettiva attività di autotutela inducono a ritenere che i collaboratori “forti” e il relativo associazionismo possano beneficiare delle sole tutele poste dagli artt. 2, 18 e 41 Cost. A conclusione si affrontano le problematiche che la ricostruzione così svolta solleva, ovverosia come garantire l'effettività delle tutele riconosciute al sindacalismo dei collaboratori “deboli” e come contemperare l'associazionismo dei collaboratori “forti” con il diritto antitrust comunitario.
The search starts with the reconstruction of socio-economic processes. Moving from these reflections, it's possible to see that today's companies take advantage of increasingly self-employed coordinated and continuous and, after d.lgs. 276/2003 “lavoratori a progetto”. These employees are, therefore, subject to a power (contractual) coordination of the customer that, at times, it adds up to a state of economic dependence by the same. It then creates an internal differentiation into autonomy area that does not seem properly valued by the ordinary legislator, but that seems to involve trade unions. Given that in reality there are different representations, we move to circumscribe the scope of applicability of the Arts. 39 and 40 Const. The absence of a genuine interest and genuine self activities suggest that employees "strong" and its associations can only benefit from the protections posed by Arts. 2, 18 and 41 Const. At the end tackling the problems so that the reconstruction turn raises, namely how to ensure the effectiveness of the safeguards recognized unionism collaborators "weak" and reconcile the associations of employees "strong" with the antitrust law.
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Huang, Chung-Hao, and 黃重豪. "Model Checking Collaboration,Competition and Dense Fault Resilience." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22398042253671313459.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
104
In this thesis, I introduce BSIL(basicstrategy-interactionlogic) and TCL(temporal cooperation logic) which can help in formally define and verify the strategy interaction property of a game. The former, BSIL, is an extension to ATL (alternating-timelogic)for the specification of strategies interaction of players in a system. BSIL is able to describe one system strategy that can cooperate with several strategies of the environment for different requirements. Such properties are important in practice and Is how that such properties are notexpressibleinATL*,GL(gamelogic),andAMC(alternatingμ-calculus). Specifically, BSIL is more expressive than ATL but incomparable with ATL*, GL, and AMC in expressiveness. I show that, for fulfilling a specification in BSIL, a memoryful strategy is necessary. I also show that the model checking complexity of BSIL is PSPACE-complete and is of lower complexity than those of ATL*, GL, AMC, and the general strategy logics. Which may imply that BSIL can be useful in closing the gap between large scale real-world projects and the time consuming game-theoretical results. I then show the feasibility of our techniques by implementation and experiment with our PSPACE model-checking algorithm for BSIL. On the other hand, TCL allows successive definition of strategies for agents and agencies. Like BSIL the expressiveness of TCL is still incompa rable with ATL*, GL and AMC. However, it can describe deterministic Nash equilibria while BSIL cannot. I prove that the model checking complexity of TCL is EXPTIME-complete. TCL enjoys this relatively cheap complexity by disallowing a too close entanglement between cooperation and competition while allowing such entanglement leads to an on-elementary complexity. I have implemented a model checker for TCL and shown the feasibility of model checking in the experimentonsomebenchmarks. Although BSIL and TCL have decent expressive power and benefit from relatively low complexity. PSPACE-complete and EXPTIME-complete is still not good enough for real problem. To adopt the game concept to real world problem, I introduce an algorithm to calculatethe highest degr ee of fault tolerance a system can achieve with the control of a safety critical systems. Which can be reduced to solving a game between a malicious environment and a controller. During the game play, the environment tries to break the system through injecting failures while the controller tries to keep the system safe by making correct decisions. I found a new control objective which offers a better balance between complexity and precision for such systems: we seek systems that are k-resilient. A systemisk-resilient means it is able to rapidly recover from a sequence of small number, up to k, of local faults infinitely many times if the blocks of up to k faults are separated by short recovery periods in which no fault occurs. k-resilience is a simple abstraction from the precise distribution of local faults, but I believe it is much more refined than the traditional objective to maximize the number of local faults. I will provide detail argument of why this is the right level of abstraction for safety critical systems when local faults are few and far between. I have proved, with respect to resilience, the computational complexity of constructing optimal control is low. And a demonstration of the feasibility through an implementation and experimental results will be in following chapters.
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Naidoo, Soogandhree. "A management dilemma : internal competition versus internal collaboration." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40636.

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In managing organisations for optimal performance, managers are faced with the dilemma of either positioning their employees to compete or collaborate internally within the organisation. Internal competition can motivate individuals and teams to strive to be the best and in so doing result in continuous incremental performance improvements. In contrast, internal collaboration can result in effective problem solving through knowledge sharing and innovation. Management is therefore faced with a challenging dilemma of how best to leverage these seemingly opposing tensions for optimal performance. This study investigated the key factors that drive the adoption of internal competition and internal collaboration in organisations, the consequences of implementing either management approach, how levels of internal competition and internal collaboration vary at different management levels in the organisation and finally whether a viable hybrid combination of both management approaches was possible. To this end a qualitative research study with an explorative design was conducted with twenty senior executives. The insights from these in-depth interviews formed the basis of the data that was analysed to produce the research findings in this study. The research identified drivers and outcomes of the management approaches under review. The Internal Competition and Internal Collaboration Hybrid Model (Figure 14) emerged from these research findings. This model was found to confirm while the management approaches are different there is an optimal way of combining them to allow managers to leverage competitive and collaborative tensions. In this way managers can achieve sustainable high performance within their organisation.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
lmgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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47

Erzurumlu, Sadik Sinan. "Competition and collaboration issues in technology development and deployment." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3209.

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In today's marketplace firms have to become specialized in specific technological aspects in product development due to intensifying competition. Further, the increasing complexity of offerings make firms become more dependent on other value-chain contributors such as providers of complementary and component technologies. Therefore, in addition to the inherent market of appeal of product, a successful introduction may depend on the firm's interactions with suppliers and even "competitors". These interactions with other firms in the marketplace present a unique set of challenges to firms. In this dissertation, we explore how a firm's approach to interacting with supply chain partners and/or competitors may depend upon how its product provides value to customers. In the first essay, we look into how a firm should design the interdependence between a durable good and a consumable such as a printer and a cartridge and utilize the benefits of an industry of generic consumable suppliers. In the second essay, we analyze the different approaches that firms adopt while commercializing their technologies to competitors in a networked environment (such as telecommunications). We identify the impact of the competitor's development capabilities on the trade-off between the increased competition and network benefits. In the third essay, we explore situations in which firms collaborate to develop a component innovation that they later market individually; they codevelop and jointly market; and they choose to individually develop and market. We consider how competitive strategies between development partners should consider the influence of supplier formation on the investment incentives of an OEM. In summary, this dissertation examines how the management of interactions with supply chain partners and competitors can play an important role in technology development and deployment. Our results highlight key trade-offs and provide insights for managers who are involved in developing and deploying new products.
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48

Chen, Cheng-Huan, and 陳政煥. "Effects of Multi-touch Collaborative Design-based Learning Supported by Collaboration Scripts with Intergroup Competition among Elementary School Boys and Girls in Classrooms." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dzr494.

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49

Vakili, Keyvan. "The Interaction between Competition, Collaboration and Innovation in Knowledge Industries." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43744.

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The three studies in this dissertation examine the relationship between the decision of market participants to compete or collaborate on their innovation strategies and outcomes as well as the broader industry structure and technological progress. The first study analyzes the impact of modern patent pools on the innovative performance of firms outside the pool. Theories generally predict that modern patent pools have a positive impact on innovation by reducing the cost of access to the pool’s technology, but recent empirical research suggests that patent pools may actually decrease the innovation rate of firms outside the pool. Using a difference-in-difference-with-matching methodology, I find a substantial decline in outsiders’ patenting rate after the pool formation. However I find that the observed reduction is mainly due to a shift in firms’ investment from additional patentable technological exploration toward implementing the pool technology in their products. The results shed light on how the interaction between cooperation, in the form of patent pooling, and competition shapes firms’ innovative strategies by enabling opportunities for application development based on the pooled technologies. In the second study, I examine the impact of restrictive stem cell policies introduced by George W. Bush in 2001 on the U.S. scientists’ productivity and collaboration patterns. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, I find that the 2001 Bush policy led to a decline in the research productivity of U.S. scientists. However, the effect was short-lived as U.S. scientists accessed non-federal funds within the United States and sought funds outside the United States through their international ties. The results suggest that scientists may use international collaborations as a strategic means to deal with uncertainties in their national policy environment. In the third study, I examine the effects of the fragmentation of patent rights on subsequent investment in new inventions. Using a theoretical model and an empirical analysis of the semiconductor industry, I seek to shed light on the contingency factors that shape the role of technological fragmentation in explaining the investment decisions and appropriation strategies of firms. The results provide a dynamic explanation of the interplay between firms’ R&D investment, their patenting strategies, and technological fragmentation.
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Chen, Wan-Jung, and 陳婉蓉. "Competition Learning through Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration in the Entrepreneur Competitions." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74020505696110494204.

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碩士
遠東科技大學
行銷與供應鏈管理研究所
101
As entrepreneurial education has seized much attention in the world, plenty of entrepreneur competitions have been held increasingly. Cross-disciplinary collaboration entrepreneurial teams have been enthusiastic to attend related competitions and expect to learn from these competitions. This study is to survey whether the competition learning effects is significant when participant entrepreneur competitions. Since most decision making are based on subjective or imprecise data, a questionnaire of fuzzy linguistic variables are constructed. The objectives are those team-members who participant an international entrepreneur competition and the Far East University entrepreneurial team-members, due to that international entrepreneur competitions have been qualified by a series of local competitions. On the other hand, the learning-effects of different cultural backgrounds can be identified. The Far East University entrepreneurial team-members are studying in their living environment with high homogeneity; however, members with different educational backgrounds heterogeneity are high. The results show that teamwork, communication, and emotional management ability are significant and the results show that team-members tend to have consistent goals and to have positive attitude toward learning. When considering different cultural backgrounds, there are some differences on communications and collaborations. Cross-disciplinary collaboration better than functional teams to enhance team effectiveness, and promote communication and knowledge exchange, an expectation that the results provided to the Far East University and enterprises as a reference, but also to promote combined interdisciplinary team involved in entrepreneurship competition, combined with the academic theory, increase the practical experience.
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