Relevant bibliographies by topics / Competitive response

Academic literature on the topic 'Competitive response'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Competitive response"

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Pei, Wen, and Jeng-Huan Li. "Research on the competitive dynamics and structured context analysis." Kybernetes 45, no. 10 (November 7, 2016): 1542–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-10-2015-0274.

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Purpose The credit card business has been one of the key businesses for banks in Taiwan. The purpose of this paper is to use competitive dynamics and structured context analysis (SCA) to explore the competition relationships among market, resources, and strategies concerning the credit card issued banks in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach The market commonality and resource similarity analysis of competitive dynamics in the first stage obtained the competitive mapping of four major credit card issue banks, as well as the differences of competition strategy. In the second stage, 1,968 pieces of data on credit card news from 2013 to 2014 were collected. SCA was used to analyze the competitive action, competitive response, number of responses, response lag, and response order. Findings The competitor mapping and four hypothesis obtained from competitive dynamics correspond to the credit card competition strategy, as obtained from SCA. Originality/value This research combined competitive dynamics and SCA to analyze the credit cards market in Taiwan. The research model could be used in the other financial market.
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Perry, M. A., R. J. Mitchell, B. R. Zutter, G. R. Glover, and D. H. Gjerstad. "Competitive responses of loblolly pine to gradients in loblolly pine, sweetgum, and broomsedge densities." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-256.

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A factorial combination of 0, 1, 2, and 4 loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) seedlings and sweetgum (Liquidambarstyraciflua L.) sprouts, and 0, 4, and 16 broomsedge (Andropogonvirginicus L.) seedlings per square metre were used to determine the nature of pine response to competition (competitive response) from multiple life forms during the first season after outplanting. Following adjustment for effects of seedling size and site heterogeneity (soil organic matter), polynomial regression was used to describe pine competitive responses. Patterns in competitive responses varied with time and were dependent upon the particular response variable of interest. Pine response in terms of volume was similar to that for diameter. By early May, pine diameter decreased linearly with increasing sweetgum density but was unrelated to either broomsedge or pine density. Approximately 1 month later, pine diameter response to competition was more complex, being curvilinearly related to both sweetgum and broomsedge density, as well as their interaction. Intraspecific competition effects on diameter response were not detected until mid-September. Height response differed substantively from diameter or volume response. In general, height tended to be less responsive to interspecific competition, although intraspecific competition was more readily detected. Furthermore, pine height response to competition tended to be linear rather than curvilinear, as observed for both diameter and volume. The biologically based reciprocal yield equation produced similar trends in competitive pine volume response, as noted with the polynomial regression equations (i.e., sweetgum and broomsedge density as well as their interaction strongly influenced the inverse of pine stem volume). Removing variation in organic matter and initial seedling size resulted in a considerable increase in the amount of variation in final size accounted for by competition. The reciprocal yield equation was also used with crown area rather than density to account for size differences among competitors. Analyzed in this manner, only main effects of sweetgum and broomsedge significantly influenced reciprocal yield; however, considerably less variation in response was accounted for using crown area than using density.
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Lal, Rajiv, and V. Padmanabhan. "Competitive Response and Equilibria." Marketing Science 14, no. 3_supplement (August 1995): G101—G108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.14.3.g101.

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Grainger, Tess Nahanni, Seth M. Rudman, Paul Schmidt, and Jonathan M. Levine. "Competitive history shapes rapid evolution in a seasonal climate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (February 3, 2021): e2015772118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015772118.

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Eco-evolutionary dynamics will play a critical role in determining species’ fates as climatic conditions change. Unfortunately, we have little understanding of how rapid evolutionary responses to climate play out when species are embedded in the competitive communities that they inhabit in nature. We tested the effects of rapid evolution in response to interspecific competition on subsequent ecological and evolutionary trajectories in a seasonally changing climate using a field-based evolution experiment with Drosophila melanogaster. Populations of D. melanogaster were either exposed, or not exposed, to interspecific competition with an invasive competitor, Zaprionus indianus, over the summer. We then quantified these populations’ ecological trajectories (abundances) and evolutionary trajectories (heritable phenotypic change) when exposed to a cooling fall climate. We found that competition with Z. indianus in the summer affected the subsequent evolutionary trajectory of D. melanogaster populations in the fall, after all interspecific competition had ceased. Specifically, flies with a history of interspecific competition evolved under fall conditions to be larger and have lower cold fecundity and faster development than flies without a history of interspecific competition. Surprisingly, this divergent fall evolutionary trajectory occurred in the absence of any detectible effect of the summer competitive environment on phenotypic evolution over the summer or population dynamics in the fall. This study demonstrates that competitive interactions can leave a legacy that shapes evolutionary responses to climate even after competition has ceased, and more broadly, that evolution in response to one selective pressure can fundamentally alter evolution in response to subsequent agents of selection.
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Wargo, Andrew R., Jacobus C. de Roode, Silvie Huijben, Damien R. Drew, and Andrew F. Read. "Transmission stage investment of malaria parasites in response to in-host competition." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1625 (August 21, 2007): 2629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0873.

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Conspecific competition occurs in a multitude of organisms, particularly in parasites, where several clones are commonly sharing limited resources inside their host. In theory, increased or decreased transmission investment might maximize parasite fitness in the face of competition, but, to our knowledge, this has not been tested experimentally. We developed and used a clone-specific, stage-specific, quantitative PCR protocol to quantify Plasmodium chabaudi replication and transmission stage densities in mixed-clone infections. We co-infected mice from two strains with an avirulent and virulent parasite clone and found competitive suppression of in-host (blood-stage) parasite densities and generally corresponding reductions in transmission stage production, with the virulent clone obtaining overall competitive superiority. In response to competitive suppression, there was little evidence of any alteration in transmission stage investment, apart from a small reduction by one of the two clones in one of the two host strains. This alteration did not result in a competitive advantage, although it might have reduced the disadvantage. This study supports much of the current literature, which predicts that conspecific in-host competition will result in a competitive advantage and positive selection for virulent clones and thus the evolution of higher virulence.
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Hucl, P. "Response to weed control by four spring wheat genotypes differing in competitive ability." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-029.

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Increased crop competitiveness may complement existing weed control methods. The objective of this research was to establish whether spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting competitive abilities respond differently to weed control levels. Four sibling genotypes differing in competitive ability were grown under simulated weedy conditions and subjected to four weed control levels. The competitive genotypes were superior to the less-competitive genotypes in grain yield under weedy and partially weedy conditions. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., competition, weed control, genotype × weedcontrol interaction
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王, 思敏. "Chinese Response to Competitive Neutrality." Dispute Settlement 07, no. 04 (2021): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ds.2021.74031.

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Chang, Bau-Jung, and Yu-Pin Chen. "How Do Groups Matter?" International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2014070103.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between competitive responses and performance, subject to environmental dynamism and strategic action types, to understand competitive responses under moderating effects. This study employed a structured content analysis of coding data from multiple sources and collected competitive actions and responses for the period between 1999 and 2011 in the Taiwanese banking industry. The results show that response likelihood, response imitation and response speed are positively associated with firm performance and that environmental dynamism weakens the relationships among firm performance, response likelihood and response speed. Furthermore, the intensity of strategic action strengthens the relationship between response imitation and firm performance. This study first investigates the roles of environmental dynamism and action types on the relationship between competitive response characteristics and firm performance. This study considers not only the impact of individual firms' responses on their performance but also the impact of collective actions taken by other firms, thus providing new insights in competitive dynamics research.
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Wei, Wu, Xiang Hu, Yanping Li, and Peng Peng. "Integrating nonmarket and market action, response, and initiating firm performance in competitive dynamics." Management Decision 53, no. 3 (April 20, 2015): 512–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2013-0600.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to seek to advance the understanding of competitive interaction framework based on competitive dynamics theory that investigates how nonmarket and market factors concurrently affect the relationships among action and response, their integration, and initiating firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – To test the hypotheses for this study, the authors used data collected from the news found in web sites of 72 Chinese firms over a five-year period from January 2007 to December 2011. The authors use the approach suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) to test the mediated effect of rival response and speed, after structured content analysis is adopted to overcome the challenges of identification and measurement by using a sample of competitive actions and responses. Findings – The results test partial mediating role of rival response and speed in linking nonmarket, market, and integrated action with initiating firm performance outcomes. Rival responses and speed may vary systematically in nonmarket action. The relationship between the integration of competitive action and initiating firm performance is positive, high, and significant. Research limitations/implications – The results of this study were limited by a sample in China. The authors further need to consider how nonmarket and market components are operationalized in different institutional environments. The authors study only captures observable moves reported in the news of Chinese firms’ web sites. This single-data source collection raises the specter of cognitive bias. It is advised to collect data from multiple sources, perhaps directly measuring the managers’ perception by using a questionnaire-based survey. Practical implications – Firms whose main focus is to launch market actions in an effort to gain competitive advantage should ensure that their nonmarket actions constitute interfirm rivalry. Particularly, this study also encourages managers to continuously and rapidly integrate nonmarket actions into their analyses of market competition for firm success. Additionally, managers need to develop effective information-processing mechanisms to analyze, monitor, forecast, and interpret rival response and speed for each competitor. Originality/value – The research contributes to the authors’ understanding of the nature of nonmarket and market competition by bridging nonmarket action into traditional competitive dynamics.
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Müller, Benedikt, and Maik Bartelheimer. "Interspecific competition in Arabidopsis thaliana: root hairs are important for competitive effect, but not for competitive response." Plant and Soil 371, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2013): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1675-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Competitive response"

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Swain, Austin Bernard Johns. "Competitive state anxiety : towards a clearer understanding." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10599.

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This thesis attempted to further understanding of various aspects of the competitive state anxiety response. The specific questions that were addressed in the five studies reponed involve investigations into antecedents of competitive anxiety, temporal patterning, additional dimensions to the anxiety response and relationships with performance. Competitive anxiety was assessed in all of the studies by the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) which measures cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence. The first two studies employed a purely quantitative approach whilst the final three studies incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The first study investigated situational factors which predict the CSAI-2 components in the specific / population of middle-distance runners. Cognitive anxiety· was predicted by three factors, 'Perceived Readiness', 'Attitude Towards Previous Performance' and 'Position Goal', whilst self-confidence was predicted by 'Perceived Readiness' and 'External Environment'. None of the factors predicted somatic anxiety. These results suggested that cognitive anxiety and self-confidence share some common antecedents but that there are also factors unique to each. The second study examined the temporal patteming of the CSAI-2 components in the period leading up to competition as a function of gender. Gender has previously been shown to mediate patteming of responses so that antecedents were also examined in an attempt to explain such findings. Results showed that males and females reported differential temporal patteming for cognitive anxiety and self-confidence and that different antecedents predicted these variables. Significant predictors of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence were associated with personal goals and standards in females and interpersonal comparison and winning in males. The third and fourth studies investigated the importance of additional dimensions to the competitive state anxiety response in furthering understanding of the construct. These studies examined the frequency and direction dimensions of anxiety and findings suggested that the intensity alone approach currently employed is restrictive and that important information can be gained from considering these other dimensions. The fifth study focused on the dimensions of intensity and direction of anxiety and their specific relationship with sports performance. Findings revealed that a direction dimension was a better predictor of basketball performance than any of the intensity variables, further suggesting that future anxiety research should measure this dimension.
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Coleman, Damian Alan. "The energetics of competitive road race cycling." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365247.

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Newcomer, R. Renee. "Cognitive-affective, behavioral, and physiological response to injury among competitive athletes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1513.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 133 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-133).
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Carter, William R. "Incumbent Response to Radical Technological Innovation: the Influence of Competitive Dynamics on Strategic Choice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804843/.

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Prior research on incumbent firm response to radical technological innovation identifies firm, technology, and environmental factors associated with incumbents’ performance after a technology shift. What remains unexplored are factors affecting choice of response made before a technological shift occurs. Such ex ante choices are important intermediate outcomes affecting long-term performance outcomes. Competitive considerations may be influential inputs in choice processes because technological innovation is often related to competitive strategy. The resulting research question for this study is: What role do competitive considerations play in incumbent firms’ ex ante strategic choices in response to potentially radical technological innovations? Findings from a survey of key informants in the electronics industry whose firms face a potential technological disruption (n=120) suggest that incumbents’ response choices are affected by competitor-related orientations and by perceptions of relative strength of their strategic assets. Limited support is found for a moderating effect of perceptions of the competitive environment. The results of this study extend theory on incumbent response to radical technological change by shedding light on the influence of competitor interdependence. Findings also suggest the importance of strategic choice as an intermediate variable in understanding incumbents’ long-term performance. Research examining choice factors at varied stages of a technology’s diffusion can further advance understanding of the evolving nature of strategic response choices and the effects they have on long-term performance.
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Mohammad, Nur. "Competitive demand response trading in electricity markets: Aggregator and end-user perspectives." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119702/1/Nur_Mohammad_Thesis.pdf.

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Increased contributions toward power systems from renewable supplies require flexible demand-side resources to maintain balance in supply and demand. Demand response (DR) as one of the emerging demand-side resources can be used to compensate for the over/under supply problem of renewable energy. From an economic point and a network perspective, aggregators can offer the DR delivery bids in those locations (and times) in power systems that could reduce operating cost and the market clearing price. This research proposes a bi-level electricity market model for smart-grid with different combination of market participants including operators, aggregators, and the end-user customers. Trading decisions are made hierarchically. The DR delivery offer is made in a lower-level DR exchange (DRX) market where the end-user aggregate inconvenience is minimized while achieving the required DR at the upper-level. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated considering plausible case studies.
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Wells, Gregory D. "Changes in the chemoreflex response and performance measures with training in competitive swimmers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ45923.pdf.

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Kuester, Sabine E. "New product entry and competitive response : an empirical investigation of incumbents' defence strategies." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244034.

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Ilić, Milica. "A nonlinear frequency response method for estimation of single solute and competitive adsorption isotherms." Magdeburg Docupoint-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991687744/04.

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Tarkenton, William Payne. "Assessing U.S. Senators' Response to a Competitive Primary Challenge with Increased Partisan Roll Call Voting." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103704.

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Much of the political punditry in the United States discusses the notion that facing a primary election results in legislators voting in a more partisan fashion in the legislature. A common refrain of this analysis is that facing the primary election constituency (Fenno 1978) or even the threat of facing the primary election constituency causes the senator to vote with the ideological extremes of the party in following sessions of congress. The literature on congressional elections has examined this area of research as it applies to the U.S. House, but few studies fully examine the impact of primary elections on roll call voting in the Senate. This study examines Senate primary elections to see how facing a primary, specifically a competitive primary, influences how a senator votes in the legislature in the first term following the election. This study specifically asks if senators who face a competitive primary challenge and win reelection vote with their party more often in subsequent congresses than senators who do not face a competitive primary challenge. Using OLS regressions and a number of control variables shown in the literature to impact roll call voting patterns, I examine the percentage of the vote that a senator received in her primary election compared to her party unity score in the Senate after the election. While my models demonstrate that facing a competitive primary correlates with a senator having a higher party unity score than senators who do not face a competitive primary, in all of my models the coefficient on this variable is not statistically significant. However, serving in the majority party and being elected in certain election years did have a statistically significant impact on a senator's partisan voting behavior. When testing an interaction effect between facing a competitive primary and serving in the majority party after the election, I also did not find a significant relationship between the interaction and a senator's change in party unity score. These findings add to our understanding of congressional elections by exploring an under-studied aspect of elections in the United States, and future research that adapts and refines the methodology of this study could further develop these results.
Master of Arts
There is a common perception that facing a primary election makes it more likely that a member of congress votes with her party more often. The idea is that the primary voters want their representatives to be more radical, and therefore push incumbents to the extremes, resulting in more polarization in the legislature. While studies on elections to the House have shown mixed results when examining this question, few studies examine if these patterns exist in elections to the Senate. This study examines Senate primary elections to see how facing a primary influences how a senator votes in the legislature. However, because of limited data, this study examines competitive primaries, based on how much of the vote the senator receives in her election, rather than ideological primaries, based on the senator being challenged from the extremes of the party. This study specifically asks how facing a competitive primary influences a senator's partisan voting patterns in subsequent congresses after their election. In order to study this, I examine the percentage of the vote that a senator received in her primary election compared to her partisan voting patterns in the Senate after the election. I did not find that senators who face a competitive primary respond by voting in a more partisan fashion in the congressional sessions following the election. However, serving in the majority party and being elected in certain election years did have a significant impact on a senator's partisan voting behavior. When testing if the impact of facing a competitive primary was conditioned by serving in the majority party, I also did not find that serving in the majority party conditions the impact of facing a competitive primary on a senator's partisan voting patterns. While these findings did not support the notion that facing a competitive primary influences a senator's partisan voting behavior, future research could alter this study to further examine this question. Such additional research is necessary in order to more fully understand Senate elections.
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Schwartz, Lauren Michele. "The competitive response of Panicum virgatum cultivars to non-native invasive species in southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/765.

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Historically, the tallgrass prairie (TGP) was the largest ecosystem in North America, but today only about 10-15% of the original extent exists today. Some areas have experienced more extreme loss, for example in the state of Illinois less than 0.01% of high-quality native tallgrass prairie remains. Non-native invasive species are a recent phenomenon that threatens the integrity of surviving TGP communities. Ecotypes of dominant C4 grasses are the basis of numerous cultivars, many of which are utilized in prairie restorations. In this study, the effects of three invasive species (Bromus inermis, Schedonorus phoenix, and Poa pratensis) on two lowland (`Alamo' and `Kanlow') and three upland (`Blackwell', `Cave in Rock', and `Trailblazer') cultivars of the dominant C4 grass Panicum virgatum were tested. Two simple pair-wise greenhouse experiments were established in which cultivars were sown as a monoculture or as a mixture of the cultivars with one of three invasive species. Pots were subjected to one of two water treatments with three replicates of each treatment combination. Response variables (height, number of leaves, tiller density, and biomass) and resources (soil moisture, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, and light intensity) were measured. The greenhouse studies showed that response variables were affected by the presence of invasive species and that the time of growth affected resource levels. Resources are allocated to different areas (i.e growth and reproduction) when competition and stress are implemented on the dominant species. This study was the first to experimentally test for the presence of the physiological stress marker, trigonelline, in a prairie grass. Trigonelline was highest in upland cultivars under low moisture and highest in lowland cultivars under low moisture treatments. The results of these greenhouse studies suggest that invasive species may differentially affect cultivars of Panicum virgatum that may be sown in a prairie restoration. Performance of the P. virgatum cultivars was dependent on the timing of growth, the pot size, the invasive species, as well as soil moisture level. Therefore, when choosing a cultivar source for restoration, resources (i.e. soil moisture) should be looked into to maximize the output of the cultivar.
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Books on the topic "Competitive response"

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Robison, Lindon J. The competitive firm's response to risk. New York: Macmillan, 1987.

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J, Barry Peter, ed. The competitive firm's response to risk. New York: Macmillan, 1986.

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Gorbis, Marina. Strategic partnerships: A new corporate response : securing competitive advantage. Menlo Park, Calif. (333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park 94025-3476): Business Intelligence Program, SRI International, 1986.

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Walsh, Nuala G. Ireland's strategic response to competitive change in international markets. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1992.

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Geroski, P. A. Competitive rivalry and the response of markets to innovative opportunities. Southampton: University of Southampton, Dept. of Economics, 1987.

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It's about time: The competitive advantage of quick response manufacturing. New York: Productivity Press, 2010.

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Suri, Rajan. It's about time: The competitive advantage of quick response manufacturing. New York: Productivity Press, 2010.

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Department, Trades Union Congress Economic and Social Affairs. Modern company law for a competitive economy: Developing the framework : TUC response. London: TUC ESAD, 2000.

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Wells, Gregory D. Changes in the chemoreflex response and performance measures with training in competitive swimmers. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Hauser, John R. Competitive advertising and pricing in duopolies: The implications of relevant set-response analysis. [Boston, Mass: Division of Research, Harvard Business School, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Competitive response"

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Demski, Joel S. "Competitive Response." In Managerial Uses of Accounting Information, 401–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3641-9_16.

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Walters, David, and Deborah Helman. "Working with the Convergence to Achieve Competitive Value Advantage." In Strategic Capability Response Analysis, 305–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22944-3_12.

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Braithwait, Steven. "Residential TOU Price Response in the Presence of Interactive Communication Equipment." In Pricing in Competitive Electricity Markets, 359–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4529-3_22.

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Patrick, Robert H., and Frank A. Wolak. "Using Customer-Level Response to Spot Prices to Design Pricing Options and Demand-Side Bids." In Pricing in Competitive Electricity Markets, 267–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4529-3_16.

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Chau, Vincent, Shengzhong Feng, and Nguyen Kim Thang. "Competitive Algorithms for Demand Response Management in Smart Grid." In LATIN 2018: Theoretical Informatics, 303–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77404-6_23.

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Mohammadi, Ghorbanali. "An Investigation of Community Response to Urban Traffic Noise." In Global Perspective for Competitive Enterprise, Economy and Ecology, 673–80. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-762-2_64.

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Fraser, Cynthia. "Indicator Interactions for Segment Differences or Changes in Response." In Business Statistics for Competitive Advantage with Excel 2010, 401–33. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9857-6_12.

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Geroski, Paul, and Geoffrey Stewart. "Competitive Rivalry and the Response of Markets to Innovative Opportunities." In The Competitiveness of the UK Economy, 19–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10194-8_2.

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Leeds, Michael A. "Is There a Gender Difference in the Response to Competitive Settings?" In The SAGE Handbook of Sports Economics, 516–24. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526470447.n50.

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Greller, Martin M., and David M. Nee. "Baby Boom and Baby Bust: Corporate Response to the Demographic Challenge of 1990–2010." In Creating the Competitive Edge through Human Resource Applications, 17–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0969-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Competitive response"

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Limonova, Ekaterina, Anastasiya Domnicheva, and Irina Manakhova. "Digitalization of companies - the basis of regionsr competitive development." In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.134.

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Raki, A., I. N. Chowdhury, M. Nieroda, and J. Zolkiewski. "Embracing Advanced Digital Services in the Charity and Voluntary Sector: a response to Covid-19." In Competitive Advantage in the Digital Economy (CADE 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.2408.

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Negash, Ahlmahz I., and Daniel S. Kirschen. "Compensation of demand response in competitive wholesale markets vs. retail incentives." In 2014 11th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2014.6861229.

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Blom, Paris Mavromoustakos, Sander Bakkes, and Pieter Spronck. "Towards Multi-modal Stress Response Modelling in Competitive League of Legends." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cig.2019.8848004.

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Ivanov, Vladimir. "National mega-projects as an instrument of competitive development of Russian regions." In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.146.

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Mytareva, Leyla, and Lyubov Grigoryeva. "Social Protection of Population as a Condition for Sustainable Competitive Region Development." In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.69.

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Guanjun, Tian, and Gong Ling. "Cost competitive response and simulation based on the analysis of game theory." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5881992.

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Bougault, Valérie, Nicolas Murray, Julie Turmel, Michel Laviolette, and Louis-Philippe Boulet. "Effect Of Salbutamol On Airway Response To Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnoea In Competitive Swimmers." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5004.

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de Oca, Sebastian Montes, Pablo Belzarena, and Pablo Monzon. "Benefits of optimal demand response in distribution networks in a competitive retail market." In 2017 IEEE URUCON. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urucon.2017.8171886.

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Burov, Vitaliy, Georgiy Bagiev, and Zhargal Tumunbayarova. "Competitive recovery of the small business sector through understanding its role and essence: regional aspects." In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.24.

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Reports on the topic "Competitive response"

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Boisvert, Richard N., and Bernard F. Neenan. Social Welfare implications of demand response programs in competitive electricity markets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816220.

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Goulden, Michael L. Final Report “Physiological, demographic, competitive and biogeochemical controls on the response of California’s ecosystems to environmental change”. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1237346.

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Boudreau, Kevin, and Nilam Kaushik. Gender Differences in Response to Competitive Organization? Differences Across Fields from a Product Development Platform Field Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30062.

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Williamson, Rodney. Cooperative responses in competitive soccer. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5576.

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Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin, and Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.

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The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.
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Sisler, Edward C., Raphael Goren, and Akiva Apelbaum. Controlling Ethylene Responses in Horticultural Crops at the Receptor Level. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580668.bard.

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Ethylene is a plant hormone that controls many plant responses, such as growth, senescence, ripening, abscission and seed germination. Recently, 1-methy- cyclopropene (1-MCP), was shown to bind to ethylene receptor for a certain period of time and prevent ethylene action. The objectives of this research were to synthesize analogues of 1-MCP and test their potency to block the ethylene receptor and inhibit ethylene action. During the course of this project, procedures for synthesis and shipment of the cyclopropene compounds were developed as well assay procedures for each compound were worked out. Thirteen new compounds were synthesized. All of them are structural analogues of 1-MCP, with substitution in the 1-position and a side chain containing 2 to 10 carbons. After preliminary studies, nine promising compounds were selected for in-depth study. The potency of the compounds to inhibit ethylene action was tested on a wide scope of systems like: climacteric fruits (banana, avocado and tomato), the triple response (etiolated peas), and leaf abscission (citrus). As the putative inhibitors are suspected to compete for the site of binding and a competitive type of inhibition could be considered, a high concentration of ethylene (300 m1.L-1) was used to induce ripening and other physiological processes. The tests were conducted under extreme conditions which hasten ripening like treatment and storage at 22 to 25oC. There were fluctuations in the responses as related to the concentrations of the inhibitors. Some required much higher concentration to exert the same effect, while some, when applied at the same concentration, blocked the receptor for a longer period of time than the others. Some fruits and other plant organs responded differently to the same inhibitor, indicating differences in characteristics and availability of the ethylene receptors in the various tissues. The potency of the putative inhibitors was found to be greatly affected by their molecular structural and size. In addition, it was found that treatment with the inhibitor should be given before the onset of ethylene action In the case of fruit, treatment should be carried out before the pre-climacteric stage. Simultaneous treatment with ethylene and the inhibitors reduced the inhibitors' effect. The relationship between ethylene and the inhibitors is of a non-competitive nature. All the fruits treated with the putative inhibitors resumed normal ripening after recovery from the inhibition. This fact is of great importance when considering the inhibitors for practical use. The advantage of using inhibitors of ethylene action over inhibitors of ethylene production lies in the ability of the inhibitors of ethylene action to protect the tissue against both endogenous and exogenous ethylene, thus providing better overall protection. Our findings indicate that 1-MCP and its structural analogues are potent inhibitors of ethylene action capable of providing good protection against endogenous and exogenous ethylene. The fact that the compounds are in a gas phase and are non-phytotoxic, odorless and effective at minute concentrations, renders them promising candidates for commercial use. However, the development of water-soluble inhibitors will expand the potential use of the inhibitors in agriculture.
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Andrea, Ciani, and Mau Karsten. When Time Matters: Eastern Europe's Response to Chinese Competition. Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26481/umagsb.20007.

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Keane, Robert E., Kathy L. Gray, and Laura J. Dickinson. Whitebark pine diameter growth response to removal of competition. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-32.

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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.

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Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
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Mayer, Thierry, Marc Melitz, and Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano. Product Mix and Firm Productivity Responses to Trade Competition. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22433.

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