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Journal articles on the topic 'Competitive research projects'
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1
Kisielnicki, Jerzy. "Project Management in Research and Development." Foundations of Management 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fman-2015-0018.
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Abstract Implementation of R&D projects determines whether the organization is changing and becoming fully competitive. R&D projects are the basis for innovation policy at the macro level - the state - and the micro level - the organization. Management of R&D projects requires not only high level of skills, but knowledge of highly developed tools to support the development of the organization. In managing this type of project, methods such as management competence, talent and knowledge, knowledge of modern information, and communication technology, stand out. In this study the following issues are presented: analysis of decision-making processes of R&D projects, basic modeling methodology of R&D projects, and analysis of communication systems in project management. The final part of the article presents the problems of commercialization of results obtained from R&D projects.
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Maslyukova, Ekaterina, Yuliya Anoshina, Almaz Khakimov, and Maxim Aleksandrovskiy. "Methodology for the development of innovation projects on the basis of competitiveness indexes." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 08012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823908012.
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This paper presents the results of research in the field of developing innovation projects on the basis of the identification of factors of competitiveness. The principles of formation of competitiveness, including the principle of systematicity, goal-setting, efficiency, adaptability, uncertainty, and innovativeness, are substantiated. A model for the development of a competitive innovation project based on an analysis of external and internal factors providing competitive advantages is proposed. As a result of the research, an integral index of competitiveness of innovation projects was formed, characterizing the level of innovation achieved and allowing substantiating the directions for further development of investment and construction projects.
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SÖDERLUND, JONAS. "DEVELOPING PROJECT COMPETENCE: EMPIRICAL REGULARITIES IN COMPETITIVE PROJECT OPERATIONS." International Journal of Innovation Management 09, no. 04 (December 2005): 451–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919605001344.
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Projects play key roles in many modern industries and firms. The management of these economic systems, project management, is continuously developed and considered to be at the core of competitive advantage. Traditional research on project management has, however, paid scant attention to the capabilities needed for firms that depend on projects in their business operations. Furthermore, traditional work on the capabilities and competence of the firm pays limited attention to the specific traits of project processes. In the present paper, project competence is considered to be one of three strategic competencies frequently observed in modern firms. We develop an overall model for the analysis of project competence. The proposed model identifies four building blocks of project competence, namely project generation, project organising, project leadership and teamwork. In an empirical study we elaborate on some empirical regularities in the operations of firms that to a large extent depend on projects. The companies studied are ABB, Ericsson, Skanska and Posten. We illustrate the possibilities of this model and show some variations between the companies. The article illustrates how the project competence framework might explain the differences among the competitiveness of firms.
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Fitria, Tira Nur. "Teaching English to the University Students by Using “Wall Magazine†Media as a Project Based Learning." JET ADI BUANA 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/j.v4i1.1881.
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This research is to describe the implementation of Project-based Learning by using the media of wall magazine as the students’ project in teaching English to the students of STIE AAS Surakarta. This study is descriptive qualitative research. From the result of this research, there are some steps in implementing project-based learning, they are 1) Setting the stage for students with real-life samples of the projects they will be doing. 2) Taking on the role of project designers, possibly establishing a forum for display or competition. 3) Discussing and accumulating the background information needed for their designs. 4). Negotiating the criteria for evaluating the projects. 5). Accumulating the materials necessary for the project. 6). Creating their projects. 7). Preparing to present their projects. 8). Presenting their projects. 9). Reflecting on the process and evaluating the projects based on the criteria established. By using wall magazine also bring some advantages for the students in their learning process. Project-based Learning shows the students’ participation of their competitive work in class and gives the students opportunities to share their individual opinion and information with their group's members in order to arrange their ideas and achieve their projects. Project-based Learning creates a positive atmosphere which allows the students to be more creative in learning English
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Fitria, Tira Nur. "Teaching English to the University Students by Using “Wall Magazine†Media as a Project Based Learning." JET ADI BUANA 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jet.v4.n1.2019.1881.
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This research is to describe the implementation of Project-based Learning by using the media of wall magazine as the students’ project in teaching English to the students of STIE AAS Surakarta. This study is descriptive qualitative research. From the result of this research, there are some steps in implementing project-based learning, they are 1) Setting the stage for students with real-life samples of the projects they will be doing. 2) Taking on the role of project designers, possibly establishing a forum for display or competition. 3) Discussing and accumulating the background information needed for their designs. 4). Negotiating the criteria for evaluating the projects. 5). Accumulating the materials necessary for the project. 6). Creating their projects. 7). Preparing to present their projects. 8). Presenting their projects. 9). Reflecting on the process and evaluating the projects based on the criteria established. By using wall magazine also bring some advantages for the students in their learning process. Project-based Learning shows the students’ participation of their competitive work in class and gives the students opportunities to share their individual opinion and information with their group's members in order to arrange their ideas and achieve their projects. Project-based Learning creates a positive atmosphere which allows the students to be more creative in learning English
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Sarpin, Norliana, Yi Ling Chia, Narimah Kasim, Hamidun Mohd Noh, Roshartini Omar, and Rozlin Zainal. "Key Strategies in Undertaking International Construction Project: Contractors’ Perspective." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926603019.
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The pressures of internationalisation have generated a high competitive market on Malaysian construction industry. However, the competitive and saturated of domestic market has driven many Malaysian contractor to undertake international projects. Without any denial, participation in international projects is a challenging task. It requires Malaysian contractors to develop strategy to enable them to operate successfully abroad. Therefore, the objectives of this research is to examine the key challenges for Malaysian contractors to undertake international construction projects thus identify strategies for Malaysian contractors to undertake international construction projects. To achieve the objectives of this research, quantitative method were adopted by using questionnaires. Questionnaire were distributed to participants from well experienced management team of G6 and G7 companies that have vast involvement in international projects. The findings of this research revealed that skilled worker shortage, high cost of financing of international project and limited experience with similar projects are the top three key challenges encountered by the Malaysian contractors in international construction project. The research identifies risk management and forming joint venture are the key strategies for Malaysian contractor to undertake international projects. In conclusion, this research can assist Malaysian contractor who wish to embark in international projects in supporting the current Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) and the 4th Industrial Revolution in construction industry.
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Lin, Yi-Hsin, Qihui Chen, Pin-Chao Liao, Po-Han Chen, and Shuping Cheng. "The Moderating Effect of Guanxi on the Dynamic Capacity and Competitive Advantage of Chinese International Contractors." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3638152.
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With the active support of the national policy “One Belt and One Road” Initiative, Chinese contractors seized this historic opportunity to accelerate strategic globalization, and they gradually stood out in international construction projects owing to their low-cost advantage. However, despite China having large-scale contractors and wide-range business, compared to developed countries, a considerably large gap still exists. China is confronted with complex and changeable international projects filled with increasing competition. Thus, it is both a focus issue and a major task for Chinese international contractors, and many scholars, to consider how Chinese contractors can obtain and maintain long-term competitive advantages to improve their capabilities in response to dynamic environmental changes. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to study the influence of the dynamic capability of Chinese contractors on competitive advantage in a project and (2) to explore the moderating effect of Chinese guanxi on the dynamic capability and competitive advantage of Chinese international contractors. This study primarily aimed at researching the impact of dynamic capacity of Chinese contractors on competitive advantage and the moderating effects of Chinese guanxi. The findings suggest that the environmental perception capability and the integration and coordination capability of the dynamic capability have a significant positive effect on the project competitive advantage; business guanxi positively moderates the relationship between the environmental perception capability and the competitive advantage. Business guanxi also negatively moderates the relationship between learning ability and competitive advantage, while political guanxi negatively moderates the relationship between the environmental perception capability and competitive advantage. This paper contributes to the construction management literature not only by providing empirical evidence on the dynamic capability and competitive advantage of Chinese contractors but also by expanding guanxi research. The results may also help Chinese contractors by providing strategic reform guidance and sustainable development in international construction projects.
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Petrov, A. N., and A. V. Komarov. "Estimaton of technology readiness level of tender proposal in terms of methodology TPRL." Economics of Science 6, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2020): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-1-2-88-99.
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The article describes a model for assessing the level of technological readiness of projects submitted to the competition for funding, built using the TPRL methodology. The model can be used along with other tools for evaluating competitive applications to increase the accuracy and objectivity of the expert evaluation of competitive projects. Based on the results obtained using the proposed model, ranked lists of participating projects can be compiled for the subsequent selection of winning projects. The developed model for assessing the level of technology development hasbeen tested for projects of the federal target program «Research and Development in Priority Directions for the Development of the Russian Scientific and Technological Complex for 2014-2020».
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Efimov, E. N. "Assessment of competitive advantages of modeling projects activities companies." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 6 (February 13, 2018): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2017-6-52-57.
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The purpose of research – analysis and assessment of competitive advantages of modeling projects company activities in the framework of the concept Business Process Management. The methodology is based on an expert-statistical approach, allowing to consider qualitative factors of efficiency of projects of business modeling, the uncertainty of the market environment functioning of the company and to perform the simulation of the incoming revenues from the project.The results of the study include the methodology of evaluating the economic efficiency of the project systems Business Process Management taking into account the variety of factors. The distribution obtained during the simulation of the efficiency factors allow us to expand our understanding about the possible course of the process. Subsequent selection of scenarios takes into account the risks of the project for companies to make a more informed conclusion. For the first time in the theory and practice of economic evaluation of projects developed unified methodology for the quality factors of effectiveness and uncertainty of the environment of business systems. Its application is not limited to the subject area.
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GERCHAK, YIGAL, and MAHMUT PARLAR. "Allocating resources to research and development projects in a competitive environment." IIE Transactions 31, no. 9 (September 1999): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07408179908969884.
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ZACHARIAS, OTHONAS, ELENI PANOU, D. TH ASKOUNIS, and AIKATERINI VASSILIKOPOULOU. "PROJECT RISK RANKING IN LARGE-SCALE PROGRAMS: A FUZZY SET BASED APPROACH." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 31, no. 03 (June 2014): 1450020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595914500201.
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As most of the global economic activity takes place in the form of projects/programs, their effective management and governance is becoming more and more critical to the competitive position of organizations and societies. Project auditing and risk management, elaborate on methodologies that could be used for analyzing project progress, by identifying potential risks and liabilities, and finally recommending corrective and preventive actions. In relation to these fields, this paper proposes a fuzzy set based approach for project risk ranking in large-scale programs. The proposed approach defines a generic list of risk factors which is used for the ranking and risk assessment of all projects of a program. Data describing projects' progress as well as expert's evaluation of risk factors and project's risk exposure are being used as input parameters to the fuzzy set system. The relative probability of risk appearance due to risk factors for each of the projects is being calculated by providing valuable means for efficient decision-making and success of the program. Finally, this paper describes a case study called Operational Program "Road Axes, Ports, Urban Development" of Community Support Framework III in Greece, where the proposed approach was successfully applied.
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Pretorius, Tinus, and Leon Oerlemans. "Project-based production and project management: Findings and trends in research on temporary systems in multiple contexts." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 1 (February 11, 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i1.905.
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Globalisation is challenging almost every aspect of the political, economic, social and technological environment. Organisations, whether public or private, have to adapt their strategies and operations to stay competitive and efficient. Historically, organisations adopted project-based operations as a mode to stay competitive, although the applications tended to be the oneoff type of operations such as construction and system development projects (Edum-Fotwe & McCaffer, 2000). As the world changed from an industrially driven to a more knowledge driven economy and the pace of continuous change became more intense, organisations adopted a project-based mode of operations on a broader scale. The knowledge economy lead to the creation of many service orientated industries. Organisations started facing portfolios of projects where the nature of these projects differed in technological complexity, urgency, customer value and social impact (Gutjahr & Froeschl, 2013). Based on their experience with more technically orientated projects, organisations focused their attention more intensely on new project management methods, tools and processes and not necessarily on the human and organisational interfaces. This paradigm changed however, especially since the 1980s and more and more organisations adopted temporary organisational forms (Bakker, 2010) in order to improve their competitiveness. The contributions in this special edition of the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences have a common focus on the importance of the human and organisational interface of project-based operations on project success. The purpose of this concluding article is to analyse the findings and recommendations in these papers and to detect trends and future research opportunities in the field of project-based operations.
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Dolata, Magdalena. "The sources of competitive advantage from the perspective of project management – results of empirical studies." Management 23, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0005.
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Summary The aim of the paper is entering the discussion concerning the sources of competitive advantage in project management in basic local government units in Poland. The focus of the paper is placed on the selected elements of the sources of competitive advantage in basic local government units in Poland, namely tasks implemented in projects. The paper consists of two main parts. In the first part of the paper, a starting point was the presentation of the essence of competitiveness and competitive advantage in the process of project management from the perspective of local government units in Poland. In the second one, the results of the research proceedings concerning the importance of tasks implemented in projects in projects in basic local government units in Poland were discussed. The considerations presented in the paper refer to the results of the research proceedings, which took place in two stages. The first stage of the studies was conducted in 2013 and it concerned the years 2010-2012, the second stage – in 2018, and it concerned the years 2016-2018.
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������ and Igor Demkin. "Estimation of Company Participation Cost in International Oil & Gas Projects." Russian Journal of Project Management 2, no. 1 (March 29, 2013): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/280.
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The competition aggravation in the world oil and gas markets forces the companies to realize projects not only within the country, but also abroad for ensuring competitive advantage. When elaborating of strategies of development and investment programs the oil and gas companies face the need of cost estimation related to participation in international projects. In this article the methodology developed by authors of cost estimation related to participation in international oil and gas projects is presented. Approbation was carried out on the project of Wheatstone LNG production and supply. Application of research results will allow the oil and gas companies to carry out the efficiency assessment of participation in the international projects, and also to reduce time and to increase scientific validity of development of strategy and investment programs.
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Crowley, Larry G., and Jared L. Madewell. "Risk Assessment of Competitive Procurement on Alabama Highway Projects with Texas Comparisions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1649, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1649-01.
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Public agencies generally let construction contracts to the lowest responsible, responsive bidder. In following this practice, agencies recognize there are higher risks of cost growth in awarding to either unusually low bids or to certain “claim-conscious” bidders. Despite this awareness, there are few documented studies supporting or quantifying the presence of these perceived competitive procurement risks. This research undertakes that specific task. First, bids and bidders on a sample of Alabama highway projects are grouped into risk categories by information available at the project bid opening—well in advance of any potential contract award— and without considering actual project performance data. Second, the cost growth experiences of these projects are statistically analyzed based upon these risk groupings. The results indicate that cost growth on Alabama highway projects is significantly more likely when projects are awarded to unusually low bids or to certain bidder types. A similar study performed earlier on Texas highway projects provides nearly identical results. This type of analysis and the derived information can be used by public agencies to amend the procurement process and objectively disqualify unusually low bids or questionable bidders without abandoning competitive procurement principles.
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Honcharenko, Iryna, Alina Bohoslavska, and Tetiana Moroz. "Competitive advantages of the implementation of the academic virtual mobility projects." INNOVATIVE ECONOMY, no. 1-2 (2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37332/2309-1533.2020.1-2.1.
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Purpose. The purpose of the research is to show the competitive advantages of virtual academic mobility projects and to solve the problem of the availability of academic mobility for rising of the students' competence. Methodology of research. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used in this study: theoretical synthesis, analysis and comparison – in the process of determination of the features and substantiation of the basic concepts; qualitative analysis – for find out the competitive advantages of virtual academic mobility projects in this study. Findings. It has been found that the restriction on access to higher education and lack of potential for satisfying personal and professional goals, are driving the rise of the number of students from all over the world who choose to study abroad. Thus, it’s very important to supplement traditional student’s mobility with innovation in programs and teaching methods, including virtual mobility. The authors analyse the European Union and specifically Erasmus activity that has become a regional leader in supporting the academic mobility of students. The competitive advantages of virtual academic mobility projects were showed. The example of realization the project Erasmus+ MILETUS was given. Originality. Further substantiation of the feasibility of expanding the teaching practice through the implementation of virtual mobility projects has been further developing, which, as MILETUS experience shows, will facilitate the internationalization of the educational process and prepare students for effective participation in international educational research projects where students gain experience in international, inter-institutional studies teams, together with colleagues from other countries. Practical value. Proposals, which were formulated on the base on the results of the study, can be used by educational institutions to improve international cooperation and enhance student mobility. Key words: virtual mobility; projects; benefits; collaboration; learning.
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Liu, Shijing, Hongyu Jin, Chunlu Liu, Benzheng Xie, and Anthony Mills. "Government compensation and costs of non-competition guarantee for PPP rental retirement villages." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-01-2019-0063.
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Purpose Targeting public–private partnership (PPP) rental retirement villages, the purpose of this paper is to bring forward the solution of insufficient research in a non-competitive guarantee (a restrictive agreement) towards the compensation and guarantee costs in consideration of benefit redistribution if the governments are unable to keep the promise on guarantee provision. Design/methodology/approach Real option principles are applied to assess the public–private investment proportions and the expected return rates of the private sector in a non-competitive guarantee and analyse their effects on the public–private benefit and risk allocations as well as the success of the project. Instead of granting direct capital support, this research accomplishes the compensation of non-competition guarantee by adjusting the project benefit distribution ratios between the government and the private sector to achieve the option value of the guarantee. An empirical example with alternative scales, which is developed from an existing rental village in Geelong, is used to numerically verify the research process. Findings The results illustrate that the option value of the non-competition guarantee plays an important role in supporting the implementation of the PPP rental retirement village projects. The option value of the non-competition guarantee has a close relationship with the guarantee level and the government guarantee cost, which is positively correlated with the guarantee level and negatively correlated with the government guarantee cost. To reduce the government guarantee cost, the government should carefully determine the public–private investment proportion, appropriately control the return rate of the private sector and approve the construction of the new project after the investment recovery of the private sector. Research limitations/implications This research mainly focusses on the economic loss of the government due to the guarantee responsibility. Further research could be conducted to determine the guarantee level more precisely and take the social cost of the government guarantees into consideration. Originality/value This research is the first attempt to investigate the government compensation and costs of non-competition guarantee for PPP rental retirement village projects and will enhance the understanding of the nature of PPP applications. The evaluation process and the implementation of the compensation through the adjustment of benefit distribution provides a comprehensive method to analyse the non-competition guarantee of PPP projects and help the parties negotiate in good faith to agree on a method of redress.
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KARLSEN, JAN TERJE, JEANETTE ANDERSEN, LIVE S. BIRKELY, and ELISE ØDEGÅRD. "WHAT CHARACTERIZES SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 04, no. 04 (December 2005): 525–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001738.
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This paper presents empirical research aimed at studying what characterizes successful information technology (IT) projects. There are often doubts about what characterizes project success and who actually defines it. In this paper, we have reviewed the literature and present significant contributions to the discussion of what characterizes successful IT projects. Furthermore, a survey was conducted in Norway to collect data on successful IT projects. Research results show that the five most important success criteria are: (1) the IT system works as expected and solves the problems, (2) satisfied users, (3) the IT system has high reliability, (4) the solution contributes to improved efficiency and competitive power, and (5) the IT system realizes strategic, tactical and operational objectives.
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Khrapilina, L. P. "Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of project activity in the field of modern technical means of rehabilitation." Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation 1, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36425/2658-6843-2019-4-5-10.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of methods for assessing the effectiveness of project activities related to technical means of rehabilitation. Particular attention is paid to the competitive selection of projects, in the process of which the assessment methods used in specific organizations specializing in financing promising research and R&D projects, as well as their implementation in practice, are used. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the key role, both in the course of competitive procedures and in assessing the interim and final results of project implementation, is assigned to a comprehensive expert method. The examination of projects is considered as the implementation of specialized assessment, analytical and / or research activities aimed at ensuring the development of recommendations regarding the feasibility of financing projects and their practical application, as well as forecasting effectiveness, taking into account the relevance in practice. The key subject of the assessment is the expert, to whom certain requirements are made, and a strictly formalized procedure for conducting examinations is established for him. Other individual methods were described (the procedure for selecting projects, the methodological substantiation of project examinations, the selection of experts, the organization and formation of the procedure for conducting examinations, the selection of criteria and indicators for evaluating a project, evaluating the effectiveness of a completed project), their strengths and weaknesses in the context were substantiated conclusions about the effectiveness of project activities in the field.
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Marriage, Guy. "Solar Decathlon. Interdisciplinary and collaborative research competing on a world stage." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i3.111.
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<p>The Solar Decathlon is an international student competition requiring university-led interdisciplinary student teams to research, design, build and operate a solar-powered house. Projects like this are highly competitive but have significant learning benefits for those involved. The Decathlon requires a wide range of student skills and so is by nature highly interdisciplinary. To win requires a significant amount of collaboration between team members who must rapidly accumulate specialised knowledge of diverse fields including solar design. This paper looks at the Solar Decathlon 2011 project submitted by Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, examines the pedagogical methodologies used, and debates the usefulness of this type of interdisciplinary and collaborative project for students of a school of architecture. It notes the difficulties placed on integration of a single-project focus on the wider scope of a typical architectural education and proposes that the broader degree curriculum may benefit from evolving to better accommodate the flexibility needed for targeted design-led research competitions such as the Solar Decathlon.</p>
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Yu, Pang. "R&D project risk management research." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 01100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125101100.
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after the 19th National Congress of the Party, with the acceleration of the construction of the new national infrastructure and the changing competitive situation of the market environment, the enterprises are challenged, which forces them to improve the R&D project management and improve the process effect and benefit. Among them, as an important part of controlling R&D project activities, project risk management has become a key concern. Therefore, risk management for R&D projects needs to be addressed through a series of measures to control risks, such as risk identification, risk evaluation, risk response and risk monitoring. Therefore, it is necessary to master its risk characteristics and target identification management points before studying R&D project risk management. In order to better identify and respond to the various risks in the project process.
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Harris, Mike. "Competitive Precinct Projects: The Five Consistent Criticisms of “Global” Mixed-Use Megaprojects." Project Management Journal 48, no. 6 (December 2017): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875697281704800607.
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Mixed-use megaprojects on state-owned land have been increasingly occurring around the world over the past few decades. This article reviews the body of literature that has emerged on these projects during this period and investigates a number of projects more deeply by reviewing original planning documents and undertaking interviews with government officials, consultants, and other insiders. Project motives, delivery methods, and built outcomes have been examined in order to contextualize their emergence and proliferation, leading to a typological understanding, defined in this article as competitive precinct projects. A content analysis of 30 reviews covering 42 mixed-use megaprojects in 20 countries reveals remarkable global consistency in thematic criticisms. Framed in this article as the “five consistent criticisms of ‘global’ mixed-use megaprojects,” they pose a significant barrier to addressing increasingly complex urban challenges as well as to their successful management from inception to delivery. While the consistent criticisms represent patterns that have endured within a globally active urban development type for over three decades, this research shows that rather than being a neoliberal hegemony, there are mixed political and ideological aims and outcomes across projects and sometimes within the same project. A typological understanding allows patterns to be examined and understood, variances and hybridity to be evaluated, and more sophisticated future directions to be mapped out in the pursuit of broader based and city-scale project outcomes.
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IERMAKOVA, О. А. "ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS TO SUPPORT INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL." Economic innovations 22, no. 1(74) (March 20, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.1(74).63-71.
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Topicality. One of the problems of the state innovation policy in Ukraine is the abolition or suspension of financial privileges for the subjects of innovation activity due to the lack of transparency of the mechanisms of their distribution. However, complete rejection of state financial support o innovation, that is one of the most widespread instruments of innovation policy in the world, does not correspond with the interests of innovative development of the state. As a solution of this problem at the regional level could be the mechanism of financial support for innovative projects on a competitive basis. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to develop organizational and economic mechanisms of innovative development at the regional level and to discover the source of formation of their financial support. Research results. The article proposes a mechanism for competitive selection of innovative projects to receive funding from local budgets, which, unlike the existing ones, is as transparent as possible, ensures competitiveness among applicants and takes into account the priorities of innovative development of a particular region through the following procedure: the committee for selection of innovative projects is formed on the principles of participatory involvement of representatives of all stakeholders - authorities, business, science, education, community, determines the terms of competition and announces the competition; the competition is open to anyone who has ideas on the announced theme; the selection procedure occurs with maximum transparency and the announcement of the criteria, the selected projects receive funding from the local budget at the expense of the development budget; audit. It is envisaged that economic support for the competitive selection of innovative projects is carried out on the basis of partnerships and financial support from local budgets. The following mechanisms have been proposed: public-private partnership financing through equity participation; granting tax exemptions for other taxes paid to regional budgets; investment-oriented tax benefits, which provide for the exemption from income tax on the financial results of enterprises that are not withdrawn from business and reinvested in innovative projects. Conclusion. Implementation of the proposed mechanisms will ensure transparency of the project selection process, competitiveness among applicants, financial support from different sources and taking into account the priorities of innovative development of a particular region.
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Seguí Alcaraz, Antoni. "Competitive environment and bank development." Journal of Global Responsibility 11, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-07-2019-0078.
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Purpose Right up to the moment, the financial sector has been considered a clean and a neutral sector, as far as social and environmental impact concerns. The purpose of this paper is to determine the attitude of Spanish credit institutions to the sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach Delphi methodology was used to test the viability and validity of the questionnaire and to choose the best systematic way of communication. The research to understand society and environment focussed on investments was conducted using a survey completed by 57 Spanish credit institutions. Various types of statistical analyses were performed to assess the questionnaire. Findings The higher the entities’ investment is in environmental projects, the more sensitive they will be about social responsibilities issues. However, the higher the percentage invested in funding to communities or dejected regions and in cultural projects. Research limitations/implications To know, measure and evaluate the activities of a credit institution in the environment, it is necessary to define indicators for the policies, procedures and management practices adequate for the sector. Practical implications Credit Spanish Institutions sector organizations are responding positively to sustainable development and, in the process, enhancing stakeholder value. Social implications In various practices of credit institutions, implementing a preventive environmental approach or undertaking initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibilities – along with the possibility to allocate funds for certain projects – environmental conditions are also considered. Originality/value To develop good environmental practices in credit institutions, they apply the principles of sustainability and identify and quantify the environmental risk in the normal internal process of risk assessment.
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Garg, Adarsh, and Achintya Ghatak. "An Empirical Study on Power Evacuation Projects’ Performance: A Strategic Layout in the Indian Context." Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation 16, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319510x19891665.
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In a competitive business environment, project management aligned with the business strategy caters to the organisation goals. Researchers and practitioners are constantly probing into the possible enhancement of the existing approaches to manage projects. Though the relevant literature recommends numerous methodologies to enhance the achievement of project performance, yet the importance of power evacuation projects is still unnoticed and little has been done in this area. This research aims to develop a strategic layout using critical influence factors (CIFs) of power evacuation projects. A survey is carried out in 47 companies which are working on power evacuation projects. The results of the statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant direct and indirect impact of the strategy, risk, contract, information technology (IT) and stakeholders on the project performance with respect to power evacuation projects.
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Alleman, Douglas, Richard B. Duval, and Keith R. Molenaar. "Roles and Responsibilities of Independent Cost Estimator in Construction Manager–General Contractor Highway Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2630, no. 1 (January 2017): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2630-03.
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The use of construction manager–general contractor (CM-GC) project delivery is gaining momentum with highway projects across the United States. This project delivery process is different from the traditional design–bid–build (D-B-B) process in that an agency works with one CM-GC to develop the construction cost. To ensure that agencies receive fair market value, many agencies employ an independent cost estimator (ICE) in lieu of competitive bidding. The findings of a research effort to explore ICE roles, responsibilities, and best practices within highway construction are presented. The findings were derived through a review of previous literature, current agency CM-GC ICE policies, surveys of 25 completed CM-GC projects, and in-depth interviews with highway agency officials on six of the projects. The six projects were selected for interviews from the set of completed projects to allow for cross-case comparison. Although multiple best practices are identified, the two key findings of the research are that the ICE should have construction experience and local knowledge and should be an involved team member throughout the design process. In summary, all of the reviewed agencies found the ICE role to be essential in establishing a competitive construction contract cost and thereby gaining value through early contractor involvement. Some agencies found that the ICE added value beyond the costing process as a team member throughout design, but this practice was not found to be universal across all projects studied.
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Budd, Charlene Spoede, and Marjorie J. Cooper. "Improving on-time service delivery: The case of project as product." Human Systems Management 24, no. 1 (February 23, 2005): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2005-24106.
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For many service companies – e.g., construction companies, advertising agencies, market research companies, software developers, and many others – each product is a complete project contracted with and completed for customers. To be competitive, these types of companies must deliver their projects on time and with a high degree of reliability to maintain customer satisfaction. For this reason, the successful managing of projects, including cycle time reduction and the full-scope delivery of the final product, are key competitive advantages and contribute to the notion of logistics service quality. This study contrasts the performance of two differing approaches to managing projects: the traditional Critical Path Method as it has customarily been implemented and the newer Critical Chain Method, including its behavioral components as well as its scheduling differentiators. The findings show that Critical Chain, properly implemented, offers a significant time-saving advantage over the Critical Path Method.
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Henderson, Amanda J., Jan Davies, and Michaela R. Willet. "The experience of Australian project leaders in encouraging practitioners to adopt research evidence in their clinical practice." Australian Health Review 30, no. 4 (2006): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah060474.
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Objective: This paper describes a qualitative program evaluation which sought to identify factors that either assist or impede the adoption of clinical evidence in everyday practice. Design and Participants: Thirteen Australian projects were funded in a competitive grant program to adopt innovative strategies to improve the uptake of research evidence in everyday clinical practice. Project leaders? reports were analysed to collate common themes related to 1) critical elements in successful application of research knowledge, 2) barriers to implementing evidence, and 3) lessons for other organisations that might implement a similar project. Results: Despite the diversity of the methods used to establish projects and the range of topics and clinical settings, many similarities were identified in the perceived critical success elements, barriers, and lessons for adopting clinical evidence. Eighteen themes emerged across the data including: leadership support; key stakeholder involvement; practice changes; communication; resources; education of staff; evaluation of outcomes; consumers; knowledge gaps; adoption/ implementing staff; access to knowledge; risk assessment; collaboration; effectiveness of clinical research evidence; structure/organisation; cultural barriers; previous experiences; and information technology. Conclusion: Leaders of projects to adopt evidence in clinical practice identified barriers, critical success elements and lessons that impacted on their projects. A range of influences on the adoption of evidence were identified, and this knowledge can be used to assist others undertaking similar projects.
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Garrett, Catherine J. "Eating disorders: prevention and recovery reflections on two research projects." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 6, no. 1 (November 1996): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100001552.
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This article discusses two recent projects concerned with the problem of eating disorders and their prevention: One, an initiative of the NSW Department of School Education, examined the possibilities for prevention in schools. The other, the author's doctoral research on recovery from anorexia nervosa, explored the ways in which recovery takes place. Both took as their starting point the social aspects of eating disorders. The article discusses existing models of prevention. It outlines the aims, methods and findings of the NSW project, including what was discovered about students' self-image and attitudes to their bodies, the sources of information available to them concerning the problem, its relation to competitive sport, and the anxieties about it which were expressed by teachers and parents. It is argued that a study of recovery can make a strong contribution to preventive strategies. Participants in the second project, spoke of their own recovery as a rediscovery of meaning in their lives through access to ‘myths’ and ‘rituals’. This finding is explained in both sociological and recent scientific terms. The author concludes that an understanding of the factors present in recovery from an eating disorder can provide a blueprint for prevention.
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Tuffaha, Haitham W., Najwan El Saifi, Suzanne K. Chambers, and Paul A. Scuffham. "Directing research funds to the right research projects: a review of criteria used by research organisations in Australia in prioritising health research projects for funding." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e026207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026207.
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ObjectivesHealthcare budgets are limited, and therefore, research funds should be wisely allocated to ensure high-quality, useful and cost-effective research. We aimed to critically review the criteria considered by major Australian organisations in prioritising and selecting health research projects for funding.MethodsWe reviewed all grant schemes listed on the Australian Competitive Grants Register that were health-related, active in 2017 and with publicly available selection criteria on the funders’ websites. Data extracted included scheme name, funding organisation, selection criteria and the relative weight assigned to each criterion. Selection criteria were grouped into five representative domains: relevance, appropriateness, significance, feasibility (including team quality) and cost-effectiveness (ie, value for money).ResultsThirty-six schemes were included from 158 identified. One-half of the schemes were under the National Health and Medical Research Council. The most commonly used criteria were research team quality and capability (94%), research plan clarity (94%), scientific quality (92%) and research impact (92%). Criteria considered less commonly were existing knowledge (22%), fostering collaboration (22%), research environment (19%), value for money (14%), disease burden (8%) and ethical/moral considerations (3%). In terms of representative domains, relevance was considered in 72% of the schemes, appropriateness in 92%, significance in 94%, feasibility in 100% and cost-effectiveness in 17%. The relative weights for the selection criteria varied across schemes with 5%–30% for relevance, 20%–60% for each appropriateness and significance, 20%–75% for feasibility and 15%–33% for cost-effectiveness.ConclusionsIn selecting research projects for funding, Australian research organisations focus largely on research appropriateness, significance and feasibility; however, value for money is most often overlooked. Research funding decisions should include an assessment of value for money in order to maximise return on research investment.
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von Krogh, Georg, and Eric von Hippel. "The Promise of Research on Open Source Software." Management Science 52, no. 7 (July 2006): 975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0560.
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Breaking with many established assumptions about how innovation ought to work, open source software projects offer eye-opening examples of novel innovation practices for students and practitioners in many fields. In this article we briefly review existing research on the open source phenomenon and discuss the utility of open source software research findings for many other fields. We categorize the research into three areas: motivations of open source software contributors; governance, organization, and the process of innovation in open source software projects; and competitive dynamics enforced by open source software. We introduce the articles in this special issue of Management Science on open source software, and show how each contributes insights to one or more of these areas.
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Toosi, Hossein, and Arezou Chamikarpour. "A New Cost Management System for Construction Projects to increase Competitiveness and Traceability in a Project Environment." Revista de Contabilidad 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.357961.
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Un nuevo sistema de gestión de costes de proyectos de construcción para aumentar la competitividad y la trazabilidad para entornos de proyectos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es utilizar nuevos métodos de cálculo de costes en los proyectos de construcción para reducir y controlar las desviaciones de costes y algunas limitaciones que presentan los modelos tradicionales. La hipótesis de la investigación se basa en la capacidad sinérgica del cálculo de costes basado en actividades centradas en el rendimiento, en combinación con el método de cálculo de costes objetivo para fomentar la competitividad del sistema de control de costes para entornos de proyectos. El método se elaboró para controlar los gastos directos y generales del proyecto durante su ejecución. Se realizó una entrevista con 26 directores financieros en dos o cuatro ocasiones entre junio de 2016 y mayo de 2017 con el fin de validar y modificar el método. Siguiendo una entrevista semiestructurada, el método propuesto contribuyó a aumentar la precisión, la certidumbre y la rastreabilidad de los costes y proporcionó la integridad del sistema contable, técnico y operacional. Además, se analizan las desviaciones y se reducen los costes al considerar las condiciones competitivas y estratégicas. También se limita el coste objetivo de los paquetes de trabajo y se genera una alerta al finalizar cada uno de ellos. Además, de acuerdo con el test de Friedman, existe una capacidad competitiva significativa en comparación con el método convencional de control de costes en los proyectos y también se aplica en un estudio de caso. This research proposed a new method for project cost management based on Competitiveness and traceability in a case study and operational situation. The research hypothesis is based on the synergistic ability of performance focused activity-based costing in combination of the target costing method for encouraging competitiveness cost control system for project environments. The method was developed to control, direct and overhead costs of the project during its progress. Also, it uses the feature of activity-driven and different resource drivers to determine the types of costs with the effect of time driver for each activity. An interview was conducted with financial managers during two to four times with the aim of validating and modifying the method. According to a semi-structured interview, the proposed method contributed to increase the precision, certainty, traceability of costs and provided the integrity of the accounting, technical and operational system. It also analyzes deviations and reduces costs by considering competitive and strategic conditions. It's also limiting the target cost of work packages and causing an alarm on the completion of each. According to Friedman test, there is a meaningful competitive ability compared to the conventional cost control method in the projects and it is also implemented in a case study.
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Tams, Stefan, and Kevin Hill. "Information Systems Project Management Risk." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 27, no. 4 (October 2015): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.2015100103.
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Over the last three decades, much IS research has focused on information systems development (ISD) risk and its impacts on ISD success. While these studies have greatly advanced the understanding of the nomological network of ISD risk and success, the literature is still not sufficiently clear on the firm performance impacts of these concepts. Linking ISD risk and success to firm performance is important so as to better understand whether ISD projects can have broader firm-level implications, for example, in terms of providing firms with a competitive advantage. To address this research need, the present research note advances propositions regarding the linkage between ISD risk, success, and firm-level performance (conceptualized as competitive advantage). This linkage sheds light on the broader effects of ISD risk, and it helps ISD research overcome the isolation in which it is often conducted. Using the concept of residual risk (i.e., the risk present in the later stages of a project that remains after appropriate actions have been taken to mitigate initial risks in the early stages of a project), the authors propose that ISD risk impacts firm performance by reducing ISD success and that the value arising from ISD projects is higher when IT and business plans are synchronized (i.e., when they are in alignment).
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Handzic, Meliha, Nermina Durmic, Adnan Kraljic, and Tarik Kraljic. "An empirical investigation of the relationship between intellectual capital and project success." Journal of Intellectual Capital 17, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-01-2016-0004.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship between project-specific intellectual capital (IC) and project success in the context of information technology (IT) projects. Design/methodology/approach – Using data collected from surveys of 603 IT professionals across a variety of projects, the authors constructed a structural (structural equation model) model in AMOS to examine the relationships between three dimensions of project-specific IC (project team, project customer and project process) and project success. Findings – The empirical results support the proposition that IC has a positive impact on project success, and thus may be a good indicator of future projects’ performance. More importantly, the authors found out an important mediating role of a project’s structural capital (process) in exploiting its human (team) and relational (customer) capital for realising project success. Research limitations/implications – Interpretation of current results should be considered in light of the following methodological limitations: convenient rather than systematic sampling, use of previously untested measures and prevailing European subjects. Practical implications – These results suggest that project-based organisations need to invest heavily in their project workforce talent and then translate it into superior project practices in order to produce successful IT projects. They also need to maintain close relationships with their project customers and involve them during the entire project process. Originality/value – The current empirical evidence extends the understanding of the role of IC in improving project success and thus helps project-based organisations create and maintain competitive advantage in emerging economies.
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Teixeira, Rodrigo, and Isabel Cristina Scafuto. "Capacidade Absortiva em Gestão de Projetos: Uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura." Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 438–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2020.v12i3.545.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to understand the intellectual structure of studies on absorptive capacity in project managementTheoretical framework – The ability to perceive external knowledge, assimilate it, and apply it for commercial purposes is defined as absorbing capacity. This capacity provides organizations with competitive advantages. Also, studies have pointed out projects as a powerful weapon to create organizational value. However, little is known about absorptive capacity in project management and it is in this gap that this work is inserted.Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, a systematic literature review of articles published on absorptive capacity in the International Journal of Project Management (IJPM), and Project Management Journal (PMJ), and International Journal of Managing Projects in Business was conducted.Findings – The main findings noted the existence of two lines of research in project management that address the construction of absorptive capacity. The first line of research presents articles that deal with the transfer of knowledge between projects and organizations. Articles in this line present that knowledge transfer depends on the organization that will receive the project as well as presents the importance of different mechanisms of social integration in this process. In the other line, absorptive capacity and performance in projects, the different roles of the absorptive capacity realized and potential in the performance of the projects were identified. Originality/value – The article contributed to the project management literature when it identified the lines of research in which absorptive capacity is inserted in the area and proposed a research agenda.
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Battistuzzo, Flávio Jorge, and Marcos Piscopo. "Projetos globais: um estudo bibliométrico de jornais internacionais de administração." Internext 10, no. 2 (September 9, 2015): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18568/1980-4865.10231-45.
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<p>Project management is an important process for the implementation of strategies. Different organizations use these concepts and tools to deploy strategies and acquire and sustain competitive advantages. Its importance to the proper execution of strategies has received the attention of different scholars. In line with project management, global projects have some specificities that make them more difficult to manage, as foreign liability and cultural issues. As the success of strategies and organizations themselves are linked to the success of projects, to understand global projects means to understand how management theory can be applied to project management in order to make organizations more successful. This bibliometric study aims to identify current trends in the global projects literature and evaluate its state of the art. Our conclusion indicates a concentration of papers on institutional theory, risk analysis/decision process and project marketing. We believe our study can support and encourage scholars to research the existing clusters identified by this study and evaluate how organization theory can be applied to the management of global projects.</p>
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Cross, M. S., and S. Sivaloganathan. "Specialist knowledge identification, classification, and usage in company-specific new product development processes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 1285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544054jem580.
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New product development is a complex process that requires industry-specific knowledge to produce commercially viable solutions, and it is this specialist knowledge that enables organizations to develop competitive advantage in their marketplaces. This research, conducted over 3 years at a UK capital equipment manufacturer, investigated the role of specialist knowledge in the design and development of products. The study concluded that, although different knowledge components are required for different projects, it is possible to adopt a generic approach to specialist knowledge identification, classification, and usage in new product developments. The current paper presents five methods that were used to identify specialist knowledge from engineering projects. The knowledge was then classified into ten categories that describe the specialist knowledge types used during commercial design projects. A model is presented illustrating when each specialist knowledge category is required in a typical development project. Organizations can use this approach to capture and structure the specialist knowledge components for a given product type, thus making available the knowledge to the wider organization and improving the organization's competitive advantage. The study was conducted as part of a project ‘Developing company-specific design models’, described in an earlier work.
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Minaeva, Elena, Olga Yutkina, Yuliya Anoshina, Ekaterina Maslyukova, and Irina Karapetyan. "Ensuring the competitiveness of innovation projects through the management of their life cycle parameters." E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913802024.
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The purpose of this paper is to develop guidelines for the assessment and implementation of innovation projects, which ensure its competitiveness through the management of life cycle parameters. The paper substantiates and generalizes the theoretical aspects of innovation project management, explores and systematizes the principles of developing a competitive innovation project. Based on the analyzed competitiveness factors, an integrated assessment indicator is proposed and an algorithm is formed that allows choosing the optimal set of risk management methods within the framework of an innovation project. In addition, modern methods for monitoring the competitiveness of innovation projects have been proposed, which allow determining the main areas of implementation and the level of research intensity of innovations.
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Kaklauskas, Arturas. "Degree of Project Utility and Investment Value Assessments." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2016.5.2679.
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This article recommends a new INVAR Method for a multiple criteria analysis (Degree of Project Utility and Investment Value Assessments along with Recommendation Provisions). Its use can be for a sustainable building assessment. The INVAR Method can additionally assist in determining the investment value of a project under deliberation and provide digital recommendations for improving projects. Furthermore, the INVAR Method can optimize the selected criterion seeking that the project under deliberation would be equally competitive in the market, as compared to the other projects under comparison. The INVAR Method is additionally able to calculate the value that the project under deliberation should be for this project to become the best among those under deliberation. The case studies presented in this research are for demonstrating this developed method.
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Semaan, Nabil, and Michael Salem. "A deterministic contractor selection decision support system for competitive bidding." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-06-2015-0094.
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Purpose The construction industry today is one of the biggest industries in the world. As projects continue to grow in complexity, project management continues to evolve. Contractor selection is a difficult task that owners and project managers face. Although previously researchers have worked on the subject of contractor selection, a comprehensive decision support system for contractor selection has not yet been developed. Recent reports of major delays and cost overruns in mega projects highlight the need for a model that is able to be flexible and comprehensive becomes evident. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The research focuses on obtaining insights from field experts using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Then, a model was developed in the light of the data collected. Accordingly, the model was tested on a case study. Findings This paper presents a model for contractor selection that is wholesome in its take on the topic. The model incorporates both managerial and technical aspects of the problem. The model was tested on a case study and it was proven to be feasible in real world applications. The contractor selection decision support system serves the needs of both academics and industry managers, as an integral part of project management. Originality/value The model presented in this paper is innovative in its take on the problems. MCDA tools have been uniquely modified in this paper to cater to the needs of the selection problem while accounting for the criteria hierarchy that incorporates aspects that are instrumental for proper evaluation of a contractor’s likelihood of success.
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Abou-Abed, Fares Nadim. "Algorithmic Provision of System of Optimal Distribution of Tender Projects between Executors by Types of Work in Mining Industry." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017404015.
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Today, in order to manage a mining and industrial enterprise, it is necessary to ensure the planning and management of the project activities of the company at all its stages. During the implementation of the project, at the initial phase of its life cycle, a significant impact on further success is provided by the resource and procurement management subsystem in particular. This subsystem is responsible for the material and technical support of the project, including the processes of acquiring goods, products and services from external supplier organizations: selection of suppliers and contractors and conclusion of contracts with them. In a market economy, the best solution to the problem of selecting performers is possible only in free competition. For this reason, the most commonly used form of selection of contractors for work put forward by the customer is the competitive form. This selection form is implemented in the form of contract bidding, or tender. Due to the breadth of the spread of the competitive form of selection of proposals for work on pre- announced conditions, the problem of selecting performers for a particular project from the number of applicants for the tender becomes urgent. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for the work execution process and for counterparties with whom contracts are concluded based on the results of tenders. The solution of the problem of the optimal assignment of contractors applying for projects on a competitive basis significantly increases the efficiency of financing distribution, reduces the time frame for the implementation of the work package and produces a general positive economic effect, which determines the relevance of the research topic.
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Coetzee, Jos, Frederik J. Mostert, and Jan Hendrik Mostert. "The management process of project risk in South Africa." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 2 (2011): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i2c2p5.
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As enterprises need to remain financially viable and competitive in a business environment which changes continuously, projects are of prime importance to assist the transformation process. Executive managers should therefore play a proactive role by handling project risks during the project life cycle to ensure the successful completion of projects. The objective of this research embodies the improvement of financial decision-making concerning the management of project risk. To achieve this objective, attention is paid, amongst others, to the project life cycle, the importance, duration and re-evaluation of the phases of the management process of project risk, the techniques used to identify, as well as analyse project risks, and alternative response strategies used when handling project risk. The various aspects mentioned will be addressed by means of a literature study and an empirical survey.
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Plante, Thomas G. "A Laboratory Group Model for Engaging Undergraduates in Faculty Research." Teaching of Psychology 25, no. 2 (April 1998): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2502_13.
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In this article, I outline a laboratory group program for engaging large numbers of undergraduate psychology students in faculty research at small liberal arts colleges that have limited research resources. Participating in the group enhances the students' interest in and understanding of psychological research and improves their chances of being accepted into competitive graduate programs while allowing faculty to conduct multiple projects in an efficient manner.
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Chen, Keda, and Kunhui Ye. "Market Commonality and Competition in Communities—An Empirical Study Based on Bidding Data of the Construction Market." Buildings 11, no. 10 (September 26, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100435.
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In contrast to traditional enterprise rivalry, the construction market competition is irregular on the surface due to the randomization of client targets and the one-time competition organization, which conflicts with construction businesses’ perceptions of the nature and future trend of rivalry. Therefore, contractors urgently need to accurately understand the competitive environment in which they will operate. In construction, few empirical studies exist on competitive environments from the standpoint of enterprise-to-enterprise competitive interactions. Based on market commonality, several hypotheses concerning the competitive pattern of the construction market have been proposed. To test these, a model of competing relationship networks is created using 7402 bid-winner notices for construction projects in Chongqing, China, from 2015 to 2018, followed by quantitative analysis and discussion of the model’s characteristic features. The findings suggest that there is a “community-type” rivalry in the building market, which represents the essential characteristics of market commonality. The research shows that the competitive action of construction enterprises is affected by construction technology, industrial division of labor and regional markets, and the competitive relationship between them tends to be “strong-strong”. This study reveals that the “community” competitive relationship in the construction industry may be a unique phenomenon, expands the application and development of market commonality and enterprise clusters in the construction economy, and provides theoretical guidance for construction enterprises to accurately recognize competitive behavior and decision making.
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Loutit, T. S. "AUSTRALIAN PETROLEUM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: AN EXAMPLE OF PROBLEM-DRIVEN GEOSCIENCE RESEARCH MANAGEMENT." APPEA Journal 36, no. 1 (1996): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj95028.
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The Australian petroleum exploration research program is customer-driven and reflects the balance between the need for the petroleum industry to reduce exploration risk in the short term and the government need to improve the perception of prospectivity in the longer term. Higher prospectivity will lead to greater exploration investment and competition, whereas risk-reduction will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the exploration industry. Thus the objectives of the primary customers may be significantly different, with government intent on increasing the amount of investment and competition between explorers, whereas industry is intent on keeping expenditure to a minimum and maintaining competitive advantage. Despite the differences, collaboration between all groups involved in exploration and exploration-related research in Australia is essential to solve the range of exploration problems and generate new paradigms. Collaborative research ventures are most successful when new ideas stimulate explorer and researcher alike to focus resources on the key questions despite factors such as competitive advantage. Government geoscience researchers must play a significant role in generating and marketing new concepts to help maintain Australia's supply of domestic petroleum products.The scale of the petroleum research undertaken, and the degree of collaboration between industry and research groups in Australia, is remarkable. There is a productive balance between groups developing and applying new technology and those undertaking regional geological and petroleum systems research. This balance has been reached because of the long-term commitment by the Australian Government, via legislation and funding, to ensure the preservation of exploration data in national geoscience database systems, and that basic and applied research at all scales, from basins to wells, is undertaken in support of petroleum exploration and development.Despite the success of a number of collaborative research projects, research and development resources are still under-utilised by the Australian petroleum industry. Government research agencies must develop a higher marketing profile to ensure that the utilisation of the resources is at a maximum.
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Mateos, Carlos. "Lilly Research Award Program (LRAP): A Successful Academia–Industry Partnership Model in the Context of Flow Chemistry for Drug Discovery." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 73, no. 10 (October 30, 2019): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2019.803.
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The Lilly Research Award Program (LRAP) provides academic researchers worldwide with a gate to partner with Lilly internal scientists who are working on basic and applied research to collaboratively advance novel impactful projects. The pre-competitive nature of these projects is the most relevant feature as it permits the shared publication of the research outcomes immediately. In this article, this highly successful initiative is reviewed in the context of general academia-industry collaborations and the lessons learned from different shared projects, in the area of innovative continuous flow chemistry, will be discussed.
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Yamashita, Yasunori, Hoang Gyan Giang, and Tatsuo Oyama. "Investigating the Performance of Japan’s Competitive Grant Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research System." International Journal of Higher Education 7, no. 5 (October 17, 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n5p167.
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We aim at investigating characteristics of Japan’s largest competitive grant Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (GASR) system in order to find a desirable research funding system, obtaining more applicants from various academic disciplines, researchers’ gender, and ages. Firstly, we briefly describe the Japanese competitive research funding system including the GASR system. Then we investigate the GASR system quantitatively, focusing on its funding, allocation and relationship with the Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plans. Quantitative characteristic analyses are conducted for the GASR system from various perspectives such as type of research projects, academic disciplines, researchers’ gender, and ages by investigating the data for applications, acceptances, and budgets allocated in the recent 10 years. Finally, we summarize our findings and conclude the paper by proposing policy recommendations to improve Japan’s competitive research funding system.
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Saba, Mario, Peter Bou Saba, and Antoine Harfouche. "Hidden facets of IT projects are revealed only after deployment." Information Technology & People 31, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-06-2016-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on an information technology (IT) deployment project in the specific field of agricultural cooperatives. It also aims to underline the importance of the IT implementation phase, but also the pre-implementation phase. Design/methodology/approach A four-year canonical action research project was conducted within a network of more than 300 agricultural cooperatives. Research was carried out both during the IT implementation and after deployment. Key information was gathered through unstructured and unofficial interviews, observations, field notes, meetings, focus groups, and documentary analysis. Findings Despite user resistance behavior, the findings show that information systems (IS) implementation may lead to unexpected results that extend beyond the tool’s initial objectives. Indeed, four hidden facets of the tool were revealed: inductor, symbol, pretext, and reference. Research limitations/implications Although the research is limited to one single-case study, it puts the emphasis on in-depth research, vs cross-sectional data collection, to analyze the relationship between IT implementation initiatives and organizational intelligence. Furthermore, the authors argue that while IS literature has separately developed related theories (actor-network theory, competitive intelligence), the authors conceptualize a whole theoretic system interrelating the two above-stated theories. Practical implications The implication for IS practitioners is that, by focusing only on experiences that have occurred during IT implementation, one may disregard critical information, behaviors and knowledge from unforeseen effects that have occurred after implementation. In future IT projects, IS managers therefore need to capitalize on post-implementation knowledge, through sociology of translation and competitive intelligence, in order to anticipate potential diversions from the initial objectives. Finally, while most IT implementation methods tend naturally to manage resistance maximize users’ satisfaction and to reduce potential resistance, the authors support an alternative approach. It consists into enhancing resistance in order to anticipate and resolve latent resistance behaviors directly or indirectly related to the project. Originality/value Despite widespread literature on resistance, appropriation or acceptance during IT projects, there is little research that addresses the impact of IT projects on organizational intelligence, and the kind of behaviors that lead to its failure or success. In the case, the implemented IT tool revealed hidden structural and organizational roles, which were unanticipated by IT designers and managers.
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Nielsen, Brian D. "245 Equine research programs: Where are they going?" Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.037.
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Abstract Those in the equine community have a strong desire for knowledge in the quest to provide the best care for their horses. Unfortunately, they often seek out advice through on-line sources and are quick to take anecdotal evidence or testimonials as fact. While those in the scientific community would encourage decisions to be made based upon quality research, often there are insufficient data available to answer questions posed by the industry. One of the reasons for this is limited resources. In the past it was common to have departmental-funded assistantships for graduate students. However, those assistantships have disappeared in many departments and now students are often supported through grants. Likewise, there is additional pressure by administrators for federal funding though “horse research” is often considered less important to such funding agencies as horses are viewed as recreational animals as opposed to being a food-producing animals. Hence, much funded equine research would fall under the category of product-testing. While somewhat limited in scope, such research may provide the opportunity to answer other research questions if projects are appropriately planned. However, such “side-projects” are only useful if adequate subject numbers and controls are in place. Reduced animal availability and increased costs of utilizing horses in research may necessitate using other animal models for horses to answer fundamental questions and, if appropriately designed, may allow projects to be competitive for federal funding. Especially as it pertains to junior faculty, collaborative research utilizing colleagues with specialized skills can be important in terms of promoting competitive and fundamental research proposals. While limited resources may increase the appeal for low-cost studies, there is still a need for well-designed studies that answer questions critical to the horse industry and doing quality research is important to enhance the reputation of equine research.
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Zhang, Wenjie, and Hongping Yuan. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Energy Performance Contracting Research from 2008 to 2018." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 3548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133548.
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Increasing research interests in energy performance contracting (EPC) has resulted in a large number of publications over the past decade. However, very limited attempts have been made to map the global research in this area. To identify the state of the field and trends in EPC research, the VOSviewer software package was used to conduct a series of content analyses and examine global patterns among publications, including the distribution of core authors and institutions, high-frequency categories and keywords, journal and author contributions, highly cited papers, etc. Based on a systematical and deeply qualitative analysis on the 127 identified papers, five mainstream research topics in EPC were summarized, covering implementations of EPC, mechanisms for effective EPC projects, stakeholder behaviors and decisions in EPC projects, energy service company (ESCO) in EPC projects, and risk management in EPC. In addition, six main research gaps in EPC were identified, including lack of effective measurement and verification of energy savings, limited studies on EPC projects in the residential sector, ineffective mechanisms to ensure post-EPC energy-saving, limited research on the dual relationships among EPC project stakeholders, how to improve the energy users’ (EU) attitudes/cognitions toward ESCO/EPC, and lack of effective mechanisms to prevent risks in EPC projects. Furthermore, based on the current EPC research topics and research gaps in EPC, six potential research directions in EPC in future were also explored, which are how to develop effective methods for measuring and verifying energy efficiency?, EPC diffusion issues in the residential sector, effective mechanisms to ensure post-EPC energy-saving, effects of cooperative and competitive relationships between EU and ESCO on the performance of EPC projects, how to improve the EU’s attitudes/cognitions toward ESCO/EPC, and how to deal with risks in EPC projects. The outcomes would be useful for understanding the latest development of global EPC research and guiding future research in the subject.