Relevant bibliographies by topics / Competitive cycling

Academic literature on the topic 'Competitive cycling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Competitive cycling"

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McLennan, Jon G., James C. McLennan, and John Ungersma. "Accident prevention in competitive cycling." American Journal of Sports Medicine 16, no. 3 (May 1988): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354658801600312.

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McLennan, J. C., J. C. McLennan, and J. Ungersma. "Accident prevention in competitive cycling." Journal of Safety Research 20, no. 1 (March 1989): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(89)90006-6.

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Waslen, Paula E., Linda J. McCargar, and Jack E. Taunton. "Weight Cycling in Competitive Judokas." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 3, no. 4 (October 1993): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199310000-00004.

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Abt, John P., James M. Smoliga, David L. Hutton, Bryan C. Walters, John T. Jolly, Scott M. Lephart, and Freddie H. Fu. "Cycling Mechanics Symmetry in Competitive Cyclists." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-01690.

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Hardwicke, Jack, John Batten, Eric Anderson, and Howard Hurst. "Twitter discourse around competitive cycling and sports-related concussion." Journal of Science and Cycling 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.28985/1322.jsc.02.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the cycling community’s online interactions with sports-related concussion within competitive cycling. Through an analysis of twitter data (n=196), this study examined the limited discourse related to the problem of concussion in cycling. The results found overall engagement and awareness of concussion in cycling was low but has been increasing year on year from 2008 to 2019. Thematic analysis of the data found three main themes within the online cycling community on Twitter: 1) Increasing awareness of concussion as a problem for the sport 2) A narrative of apathy in policy by governing bodies and 3) The need for better education as a result of misperceptions of concussion. Overall, these findings contribute to the limited research in the field of concussion in competitive cycling and outline the utility of social media as a platform to disseminate educational resources around the safe management of concussion in the sport.
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Mavrelis, Peter G., Peter Georgis, Michael Todd, and Stephen Gabrys. "Exercise-Induced Ischemic Colitis from Competitive Cycling." Current Sports Medicine Reports 20, no. 11 (November 2021): 575–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000902.

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Martin, James C., Christopher J. Davidson, and Eric R. Pardyjak. "Understanding Sprint-Cycling Performance: The Integration of Muscle Power, Resistance, and Modeling." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, no. 1 (March 2007): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.1.5.

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Sprint-cycling performance is paramount to competitive success in over half the world-championship and Olympic races in the sport of cycling. This review examines the current knowledge behind the interaction of propulsive and resistive forces that determine sprint performance. Because of recent innovation in field power-measuring devices, actual data from both elite track- and road-cycling sprint performances provide additional insight into key performance determinants and allow for the construction of complex models of sprint-cycling performance suitable for forward integration. Modeling of various strategic scenarios using a variety of field and laboratory data can highlight the relative value for certain tactically driven choices during competition.
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Gannon, Greg A., Shawn G. Rhind, Masatoshi Suzui, Pang N. Sheck, and Roy J. Shephard. "Circulating Levels of Peripheral Blood Leucocytes and Cytokines Following Competitive Cycling." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 22, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h97-011.

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The objective of the study was to determine if prolonged and strenuous cycling leads to a polarized cytokine response, and/or unique mobilization of circulating leucocyte populations. Resting venous blood samples were collected from 6 amateur cyclists, 24 hr before, and at 10-25 min and 150 min after completion of a 250-km road race (race time: 404 + 3.5 min). Total leucocyte counts were significantly elevated following competition. Cell counts of CD3+CD8bright+ lymphocytes were depressed by 50% 150 min after competition. A significant increase in CD4+ cells expressing the IL-2Rα chain was evident 150 min after competition IL-6 concentrations were greatly increased, both at 10-25 min and 150 min after competition. Resting TNF-a concentrations were approximately doubled at both time points after competition. Plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-12 were below detection thresholds at all time points. These results suggest that performance of a 6.5 h competitive cycle-race does not induce a Type-1- or Type-2-dominated cytokine response, but one that is typical of a proinflammatory cytokine response. Key words: prolonged exercise, cyclists, immunity, cell recruitment and activation, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor, interferon
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Dixon, Marlene A., Jeffery A. Graham, Allyson C. Hartzell, and Katherine Forrest. "Enhancing Women’s Participation and Advancement in Competitive Cycling." Journal of Applied Sport Management 9, no. 4 (2017): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jasm-2017-v9-i4-8135.

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Cangley, P., L. Passfield, H. Carter, and M. Bailey. "A model for performance enhancement in competitive cycling." Movement & Sport Sciences 75, no. 1 (2012): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sm.075.0059.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Competitive cycling"

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Coleman, Damian Alan. "The energetics of competitive road race cycling." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365247.

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Cangley, Patrick. "Aspects of modelling performance in competitive cycling." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2012. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e200668b-0535-48bd-bd7e-aef485b3e936.

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The aim of this thesis was to design, construct and validate a model to be used for enhancing the performance of competitive cyclists in road time trials. Modelling can be an effective tool for identifying methods to enhance performance in sports with a high mechanical component such as cycling. The thesis questioned whether an effective road cycling model could be built. Existing models were analysed and found to have insufficient predictive accuracy to make them effective under general time trial conditions. It was hypothesised that an effective and generalised model could be developed. A computer simulation model was constructed that extended the functionality of existing models. The three-dimensional model combined the bicycle, rider and environment in a single parameterised system which simulated road cycling at high frequency. Three model components were validated against published benchmark studies. Firstly, a pedalling model was compared to an experimental benchmark study. Modelled vertical pedal force normalised root mean squared error (NRMSE) was 9.5% and horizontal pedal force NRMSE was 8.8% when compared to the benchmark. Both these values were below the 10% error level which a literature analysis indicated as the limit for validity. Modelled crank torque NRMSE was 4.9% and the modelled crank torque profile matched the benchmark profile with an R2 value of 0.974. A literature analysis indicated R2>0.95 was required for validity. Secondly, bicycle self-stability was evaluated against a benchmark model by comparing the eigenvalues for weave and capsize mode. Weave mode error level of 9.3 % was less than the 10% error considered the upper limit for validity. Capsize mode error could not be evaluated as the modelled profile did not cross zero. Thirdly, modelled rear tyre cornering stiffness was qualitatively compared with the results of an experimental study. The experimental study reported mean cornering stiffness of 60N/deg at 3 degrees slip angle, 10 degrees camber and 330N vertical load. This compared well with a model simulation which generated mean cornering stiffness of 62N/deg at 3 degrees slip angle, 4 degrees camber and 338N load. Experimental validation comprised a field case study and a controlled field time trial using 14 experienced cyclists. In the former study, modelled completion time was 1 % less than actual time. In the latter study, model prediction over a 4 km time trial course was found to be within 1.4±1.5 % of the actual time (p=0.008). The validated model was used to test potential performance enhancement strategies. A strategy of power variation in response to gradient changes had been previously proposed, but never experimentally confirmed. The thesis model predicted a 4% time advantage for a variable power strategy compared to a constant power strategy. This was confirmed experimentally in field trials when 20 cyclists obtained a significant (p<0.00l) time advantage of2.9±1.9 %. The model also predicted a 1.2% time advantage if power was varied in head/tail wind conditions on an out-and-back time trial course. A 2% time advantage was obtained in field trials but was not statistically significant (p=0.06). A final investigation examined the sensitivity of model prediction to variances in assumptions and initial conditions. An important sensitivity was the aerodynamic coefficient which could cause time differences of up to 6%. Tyre forces were also found to be a critical factor in the accuracy of model prediction. The thesis investigation confirmed the hypothesis that an effective and generalised model could be built and used to predict performance in road time trials.
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Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.

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Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists. Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road) completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT), semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and criterium (CRIT) road races. Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf. These results indicate that success in international MTB racing requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
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O'Hara, Christiane Rose. "Effects of chainring design on performance in competitive cyclists." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/625.

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The development of noncircular chainrings to improve cycling performance has been in progress since the 1980’s and continues apace. The aim of this study was to compare performance time and physiological responses in cycling using a standard circular chainring versus a noncircular chainring developed in 2005: the Rotor Q-Ring. Eight competitive male cyclists were pre-tested using the original circular chainrings and also on the initial week of testing. The intervention consisted of cycling with Rotor Q-Rings for four weeks. Post-testing occurred with the original chainrings for the final week of testing. Testing consisted of a maximal or submaximal graded exercise test followed by a 1 k time trial. Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide output, heart rate, ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio, and perceived exertion were continuously measured during the tests. Blood lactate concentration was measured during the last 30 s of each three minute stage. Five minutes after the submaximal test, participants performed an “all out” 1 k trial for time as well as maximum and average power. The main findings were: 1) Participants were on average 1.6 seconds faster in the 1 k time trial with Rotor Q-Rings compared to a circular chainrings. 2) There was a significant increase in average power (26.7 watts) and average speed (0.7 kph) during the 1 k time trial with Rotor Q-Rings. 3) Oxygen consumption (during weeks 2-4) and heart rate (weeks 1-3) were significantly lower with Rotor Q-Rings during submaximal testing when compared to circular chainrings. However, in contrast to our hypotheses no benefits were observed for other submaximal dependent measures (i.e., CO2, VE, RER, RPE, GE, DE, and lactate).
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Clark, Bradley. "The physiology of road cycling : New testing and training methodologies for competitive cyclists." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2014. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/81592.

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Objective: The objective of this project is to describe and test the efficacy of new testing and training techniques for competitive cyclists. Methods: Physiological variables and cycling performance were measured during a graded exercise test (GXT) and a novel, computer-simulated, variable gradient 20-km cycling time-trial. Initially, data collected from the time-trial and GXT were used to establish the reliability of the time-trial, determine the laboratory correlates of hilly cycling performance and examine the pacing pattern during hilly cycling performance. Then, results from a series of GXT’s and time-trials were used to establish the effects of a brief period of overload training on the physiology and performance of competitive cyclists. Results: Power output and performance time measured during a computer simulated 20-km variable gradient cycling test were reliable, however reliability diminished with increasing time between trials. Performance in variable gradient time-trial correlated strongly with absolute measures of physiological variables; however the strength of correlations increased when variables were measured relative to body mass. Power output was highest during the first four and last two kilometres of a variable gradient time-trial. Additionally, there were large differences in power output between consecutive one kilometre segments throughout the trial, particularly when the difference in gradient between segments was greater. Performance in the variable gradient time-trial improved substantially following a brief period of overload training. Performance improvement corresponded with adaptation in important physiological determinants of cycling performance, namely maximal oxygen uptake, lactate threshold and gross efficiency. Conclusions: Variable gradient, cycling time-trial tests can be used to detect meaningful changes in performance, evoke dynamic distribution of power output and are best suited to cyclists who produce high power outputs relative to body mass. The current project also determined that a brief period of overload training induces physiological adaptation and substantial improvement in cycling performance in competitive cyclists. Sport scientists, coaches and cyclists can use this information to determine the testing and training techniques used in preparation for competition.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Devlin, Tate Bross. "The Influence of Body Composition on Cadence Efficiency in Competitive Cyclists." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1470146734.

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Appleton, Erin. "Optimising the Performance of Cyclists under Pressure: Attentional Focus and its Role in Performance." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365790.

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The execution of skilled performance under the pressure of competition is the ultimate challenge of sports performers. The attentional focus adopted when performing under pressure can be a key factor in success. Additionally, the skill level of the athlete may be a mediating factor in the optimal focus of attention. Research on skill acquisition suggests that elite athletes are likely to be operating at an automatic level of execution, whereas novice athletes are more likely to require cognitive resources during performance. Previous research in endurance sports has indicated that athletes will benefit during competition from an association focus, although this may be a combination of internal and external cues. Cycling is one endurance sport that has received considerable attention from research disciplines such as physiology and biomechanics, but very little in the way of psychology. Just like other sports, the focus of attention that cyclists adopt when riding may have a significant impact on their performance. This thesis therefore aimed to investigate the optimal focus of attention of cyclists of all abilities, and particularly for elite athletes under the pressure of competition.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Kiteala, Lori. "The relationship between exercise intensity, pulmonary diffusion and hemoglobin saturation in competitive endurance athletes." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26074.

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The goal of the present investigation was to evaluate the role of the pulmonary diffusion capacity (as measured by DLco) in relation to exercise-induced hypoxemia in elite athletes working at near maximal exercise intensities. Twenty-four elite cyclists were submitted to a direct measurement of VO$ sb2$ max on cycle ergometer which permitted classification into one of two groups. "Desaturaters" (N = 13) if oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO$ sb2$%), as determined by finger oxymetry, fell below 91% or "non-desaturaters" if SaO$ sb2$% remained above 91%. Subsequent determinations of the transfer capacity for CO (DLco) were made using a 3 second breath-hold technique (Gould 2400/2450), at rest as well as at 60% and 90% of previously determined VO$ sb2$ max ($>$4.0 1/min). The results show an increase in DLco from rest to the first exercise intensity (desat: 41.7 $ pm$ 5.7 to 55.1 $ pm$ 4.7; non-desat: 41.1 $ pm$ 5.8 to 57.2 $ pm$ 6.9 mlsCO/mmHg/min) without much further increase to the maximal workload (desat: 61.0 $ pm$ 6.0; non-desat: 61.4 $ pm$ 9.5 mls CO/mmHg/min). No significant differences in DLco were found between the two groups at rest or either of the two exercise intensities. Significant differences between the desat and non-desat groups were found for FVC, post-exercise FEF$ sb{25-75 %}$, and VE/VO$ sb2$.
The present results are in agreement with previous reports showing arterial desaturation in 50% of highly-trained subjects when VO$ sb2$ max $>$4.0 1/min. The present investigation cannot clearly establish the role of DLco in this response. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Vickery, Rachel. "The effect of breathing pattern retraining on performance in competitive cyclists a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science (MHSc), October 2007 /." Clikc here to access this resource online, 2007. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/83.

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Thesis (MHSc--Health Science) -- AUT University, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (x, 133 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in North Shore Campus Theses Collection (T 612.22 VIC)
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Strunz, Janine. "Pedalkraft, Muskelaktivität und physiologische Kenngrößen auf Ergometer, Laufband und Bahn bei Elitebahnradsportlern." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät IV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16422.

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Auf der Radrennbahn können Leistungsdiagnostik und Techniktraining nur sehr eingeschränkt durchgeführt werden. Alternativen bieten sich mit Ergometer (Ergo) und Laufband (LB). Das erste Ziel dieser Arbeit war zu klären, inwieweit sich EMG, Pedalkraft und physiologische Kenngrößen beim Radfahren auf dem Ergo oder auf dem LB vom Radfahren auf der Bahn unterscheiden. Um die Wettkampfleistung beeinflussen zu können, müssen die Besonderheiten des Muskelkoordinationsmusters sowie des Tangentialkraft-Winkel-Kurvenverlaufes im wettkampfspezifischen Intensitätsbereich erkannt werden. Das zweite Ziel der Arbeit war daher die Analyse von Muskelaktivität und Tangentialkraft bei wettkampfnaher Belastung auf der Radrennbahn, um hieraus Erkenntnisse für die Trainingspraxis zu gewinnen. Im ersten Ergebnisteil zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede für die physiologi-schen Kennwerte, die Tangentialkraft und die Muskelaktivität im Vergleich Bahn vs. Ergo (U1) sowie Bahn vs. LB (U2). Die mittlere Tangentialkraft und die physiologischen Kennwerte waren in der U1 und U2 auf der Bahn signifikant geringer als auf dem Ergo bzw. LB. Die Aktivität einiger Muskeln wies hingegen auf der Bahn signifikant höhere Werte auf als beim Ergo- und LB-Test. Im Vergleich Bahn vs. Ergo konnten für sechs und im Vergleich Bahn vs. LB für zwei der zehn abgeleiteten Muskeln signifikante Unterschiede nachgewiesen werden. Aus den Ergebnissen des ersten Untersuchungsteils kann gefolgert werden, dass für die Leistungsdiagnostik und das Techniktraining das LB dem Ergo vorgezogen werden sollte. Im zweiten Ergebnisteil wurde nachgewiesen, dass bestimmte Muskeln an der Anpassung der gesamten muskulären Beanspruchung an die wettkampfnahe Belastung besonders stark beteiligt sind. Im Kraft- und Radtraining sollte diesen Muskeln besondere Beachtung zukommen. Auch die Tangential-Kraft-Winkelkurve wies bei wettkampfnaher Belastung Besonderheiten auf, welche mit einem Feedbacktraining angesteuert werden könnten.
Performance diagnostics and technical training can only be carried out in a re-stricted manner on the cycling track. The alternatives are the ergometer (ergo) and treadmill (TM). The first objective of this paper was to clarify to what extent EMG, pedal force and physiological parameters during cycling on the ergo or TM differ from cycling on the track. The peculiarities of the muscle coordination pattern as well as the tangential force-angle-course of curve in the intensity range specific to competition must be recognized to be able to influence performance. The second objective of the paper was therefore the analysis of muscle activity and tangential force during stress on the cycle track close to the race to obtain findings for practical training as a result. In the first part of the results there were significant differences for the physio-logical parameters, the tangential force and the muscle activity when comparing track and ergo (U1) as well as track and TM (U2). The average tangential force and the physiological parameters in U1 and U2 on the track were significantly lower than on the ergo or TM. The activity of some muscles on the track, however, showed significantly higher values than on the ergo and TM test. When comparing track vs. ergo six of the ten derived muscles showed significant differences, when comparing track vs. TM it was two of the ten muscles. We can conclude from the results of the first part of the investigation that the TM is preferable to the ergo for performance diagnostics and technical training. The second part of the results showed that certain muscles play a significant role in the adaptation of the entire muscular stress to stress during the race. Special attention should be paid to these muscles during strength and cycle training. The tangential force-angle curve also showed peculiarities during stress close to the race, which could be controlled with feedback training.
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Books on the topic "Competitive cycling"

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(Organization), USA Cycling. Sport coach manual for competitive cycling. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1996.

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Friel, Joe. The cyclist's training bible: A complete training guide for the competitive road cyclist. 2nd ed. Boulder, Colo: VeloPress, 1996.

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Friel, Joe. The cyclist's training bible: A complete training guide for the competitive road cyclist. Boulder, Colo: VeloPress, 1996.

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The mountain biker's training bible: A complete training guide for the competitive mountain biker. Boulder, Colo: VeloPress, 2000.

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Cycling for competition. Wigston [England]: Southwater, 2011.

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Maddox, Jake. Cycling champion. North Mankato, Minn: Stone Arch Books, 2012.

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Baker, Arnie. Essentials of bicycle training & racing: Training & competition for road racing : training, workouts ... San Diego, CA: Argo Pub., 1996.

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Ken, Evans, ed. Bicycle mechanics: In workshop and competition. Champaign, Ill: Leisure Press, 1986.

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Ken, Evans, ed. Bicycle mechanics: In workshop and competition. 2nd ed. Champaign, Ill: Leisure Press, 1990.

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Pickering, Edward. The illustrated practical encyclopedia of cycling: Training, bike maintenance & racing : everything you need to know about cycling for fitness and leisure, training for both sport and competition, and the greatest races. London: Hermes House, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Competitive cycling"

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Bini, Rodrigo R., Patria A. Hume, and James L. Croft. "Pedaling Technique Changes with Force Feedback Training in Competitive Cyclists: Preliminary Study." In Biomechanics of Cycling, 85–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05539-8_9.

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Cabaud, Benjamin, Nicolas Scelles, Aurélien François, and Stephen Morrow. "Modeling Performances and Competitive Balance in Professional Road Cycling." In The Economics of Professional Road Cycling, 257–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22312-4_12.

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Cabaud, Benjamin, Nicolas Scelles, Aurélien François, and Stephen Morrow. "Modeling Performances and Competitive Balance in Road Cycling Competitions." In The Economics of Professional Road Cycling, 253–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11258-4_11.

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Andreff, Wladimir, and Jean-François Mignot. "The Tour de France: A Success Story in Spite of Competitive Imbalance." In The Economics of Professional Road Cycling, 163–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11258-4_7.

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Andreff, Wladimir. "The Tour de France: A Success Story in Spite of Competitive Imbalance and Doping." In The Economics of Professional Road Cycling, 233–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22312-4_11.

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Martins Ratamero, Erick. "Modelling Peloton Dynamics in Competitive Cycling: A Quantitative Approach." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 42–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17548-5_4.

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Leedy, Todd H. "Racing on the Rand: Black Competitive Cycling around Johannesburg, 1930–1960." In Sport and Apartheid South Africa, 9–25. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205272-2.

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DeAngelis, D. L. "Competition and nutrients." In Dynamics of Nutrient Cycling and Food Webs, 164–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2342-6_9.

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Berendse, F. "Ecosystem Stability, Competition, and Nutrient Cycling." In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function, 409–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58001-7_19.

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Börjesson, Mats. "Competitive Cyclist Suffering from Myocardial Infarction, Willing to Resume Competitive Sport." In Sports Cardiology Casebook, 205–10. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-042-5_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Competitive cycling"

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Fulton, Alexander B., Genevieve M. Lipp, Jeffrey D. Reid, and Brian P. Mann. "Cycling Aerodynamics: The Effect of Rider Position on Aerodynamic Drag." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63488.

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Competitive cyclists seek to maximize their efficiency by minimizing the influence of resistive forces. At the high speeds maintained during competition, aerodynamic drag is the primary resistive force. This paper investigates the influence of a cyclist’s body position using models of aerodynamic drag and elucidates the time benefit of various body positions. Mathematical models from prior work, which use cyclist mass and body position angles, have been used to determine the projected frontal area of a cyclist and the aerodynamic drag. Graphical representation of the non-linear relationship between aerodynamic drag and an increasing velocity are also provided. Finally, simulations are produced for a 40 km time trial course, and the results indicate a maximum performance increase of 20.71% due entirely to rider body position when exerting 400 W. We conclude aerodynamic efficiency is crucial in competitive cycling, and its significant correlation with rider body position should not be ignored.
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"MOPED: An Agent-based Model for Peloton Dynamics in Competitive Cycling." In International Congress on Sports Science Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004617501340143.

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Nedyalkov, Ivaylo, Adam Lovell, and Alec Cunningham. "Experimental Investigation of a Drafting Cyclist in Cross-Wind." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69398.

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Drafting is commonly utilized in cycling, particularly during competitions. According to the literature, in a racing environment, the riders can expend 90% of their energy on overcoming drag, and can save about 30% of their energy by riding behind another rider in the absence of cross-wind. In the presence of a strong cross-wind, competitive cyclists form echelons by placing themselves about halfway behind each other, while being slightly offset sideways. Although forming an echelon is a common practice, the formation has not been sufficiently studied in the literature. To address this, the drag and side forces on a model cyclist were studied experimentally. A simplified 3D model was built based on the outline of a competitive cyclist. Two 1:11 scale models were rapid-prototyped and tested in a wind tunnel. The drafting effects on a cyclist were investigated for different yaw angles — the angles of the apparent wind with respect to the direction of cyclist motion. The effects of wind-stream-wise position and wind-off-stream-wise position were studied for each angle by measuring the drag and side-force on a model placed in the wake of another identical model. The results suggest that there is a significant decrease in both drag and side force when a cyclist is riding in the wake of another cyclist. Although a smaller wind-stream-wise offset generally results in smaller forces, this effect is not significant for most configurations. The offset in the wind-off-stream-wise direction has a noticeable effect on the forces — no off-stream-wise offset results in the lowest drag and side force, except for low yaw angles at which it may be beneficial for the drafting cyclist to be slightly forward with respect to the in-line (no offset) position.
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Kannarpady, Ganesh K., and A. Bhattacharyya. "Effect of Mechanical and Thermal Cycling on Shape Memory Properties of High Temperature Cu-Al-Ni Single Crystals." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62289.

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With a view towards applications as actuators, the effect of mechanical cycling followed by thermal cycling on 1.5 mm diameter Cu-13.3%Al-4%Ni (by weight) single crystal wires with high stress-free transformation temperatures: Mf = 96°C, Ms = 105.5°C, As = 111.6°C and Af = 115.8°C (determined by the method of tangents) have been studied at different ambient temperatures in the range 25–125°C. The tests are carried out in an Instron machine with an environmental chamber. Stress cycling at a given ambient temperature was carried out for an overall strain of 9% until the stress-strain curves became fairly repeatable. A total of 35 stress cycles were needed to span the ambient temperature range, 25–125°C. The material showed an excellent retention of the shape memory effect in the range of 25–100°C (this is below the Af = 115.8°C of the as-received sample), excellent pseudoelasticity at 125°C, and no irreversible plastic deformation. A net downward shift of transformation temperatures by about 5°C did occur over the first 11 cycles. This was followed by a reversal of the downward shift and the transformation temperatures stabilized by the 35th cycle close to those of the as-received sample. The stabilized temperatures were: Mf = 95°C, Ms = 106.5°C, As = 110°C and Af = 118.5°C (method of tangents). However, the transformation occurred over a wider temperature range as compared to that of the as-received sample, especially during the austenite to martensite transformation on cooling. These features point to the possibility of the Cu-13.3%Al-4%Ni single crystal as a highly competitive candidate for actuator applications.
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Guédez, Rafael, James Spelling, Björn Laumert, and Torsten Fransson. "Reducing the Number of Turbine Starts in Concentrating Solar Power Plants Through the Integration of Thermal Energy Storage." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94562.

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The operation of steam turbine units in solar thermal power plants is very different than in conventional base-load plants. Due to the variability of the solar resource, much higher frequencies of plant start-ups are encountered. This study provides an insight to the influence of thermal energy storage integration on the typical cycling operation of solar thermal power plants. It is demonstrated that the integration of storage leads to significant reductions in the annual number of turbine starts and is thus beneficial to the turbine lifetime. At the same time, the effects of storage integration on the electricity costs are analyzed to ensure that the designs remain economically competitive. Large storage capacities, can allow the plant to be shifted from a daily starting regime to one where less than 20 plant starts occur annually. Additionally, the concept of equivalent operating hours is used to further analyze the direct impact of storage integration on the maintenance planning of the turbine units.
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Tse, Louis A., Antoine Stopin, Gani B. Ganapathi, Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay, and Richard E. Wirz. "Thermal Testing of Organic Fluids for Supercritical Thermal Energy Storage Systems." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18195.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) continues to advance as worldwide interest in renewable energy continues to grow. CSP technologies, including parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish/engines, provide the unique potential for low-cost thermal energy storage that will ensure that renewable energy can become cost-competitive with traditional fossil fuel sources on a large scale and comprise a significant portion of the global energy portfolio. The challenge is to develop cost-effective thermal energy storage to ensure that renewable energy can become a major part of the national and global energy supply. Storage fluid selection is a critical decision that must fulfill a number of criteria to not only provide long-term reliability, but also to remain cost-competitive in the power generation arena. The state-of-the-art thermal storage design uses a 2-tank molten salt configuration. However, most molten salt mixtures have a relatively high freezing temperature, which poses some system design issues. Additionally, the price of molten salt mixtures is steadily increasing. Current laboratory and industry research efforts have shifted focus to exploration of alternative storage fluids to significantly reduce costs. In this study, several storage fluid candidates have been selected based on an attractive combination of thermodynamic properties, cost, and availability. In this paper, rapid screening of fluid candidates is reported, and an expanded series of thermal cycling and supercritical characterization experiments have been planned and are being implemented to determine the long-term durability of the fluid candidates over a range of operating temperatures for extended periods of time. Commercial-grade materials were used, and in the case of naphthalene and biphenyl, the testing procedure was carefully controlled to prevent sublimation of the sample. This paper presents the results of a study investigating the thermal stability of several organic fluids. Samples were extracted and chemical analyses such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gas chromatography (GC) were conducted to observe degradation behavior and decomposition pathways. The rapid screening phase provided a timely and effective filter of the best-performing fluid candidates for supercritical thermal energy storage.
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Sanchez, Marcos Sanchez, Robert Ryan, and Simon Roberts. "Mary Elmes Bridge. An urban pedestrian bridge, from concept to opening." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0276.

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<p>Mary Elmes bridge is a new 66m single span pedestrian and cyclist bridge opened in Cork in July 2019. In September 2016, Cork City Council launched a design competition for a single span low level bridge as part of its key objective to encourage greater sustainable travel in the form of walking and cycling within the city Centre. The overriding challenge was to deliver a considered design - sympathetic to the existing fabric of the city and easy to install within the confined urban environment.</p><p>The solution was a visually appealing design; a slender, 66-metre steel shallow arch, establishing a connective dialogue with its surrounds and compliant with challenging flooding and visual requirements. The structural system is a fully integral, single span with variable depth, central steel box girder and variable width cantilevered walkways. The concept adopts a clever strategy to integrate at grade landings with existing footpath levels while making the structure compatible with future city flood defenses.</p>
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Liu, Shu, Padmavathy Nandha Premnath, Joshua K. Bolger, Kara Estes, and Campbell McInnes. "Abstract LB-198: Design and synthesis of non-ATP competitive inhibitors of CDK4/Cyclin D using REPLACE." In Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-lb-198.

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Hasselqvist, Magnus, and Johan Moverare. "Constitutive Behaviour of IN738LC Under TMF Cycling With and Without Intermediate Ageing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27853.

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Out of Phase Thermo Mechanical Fatigue (OP TMF) 100–950°C tests with 5 min hold time, some including intermediate ageing for 4000h at 950°C after 25 cycles, have been performed on IN738LC at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery (SIT) AB. In the standard tests, the variation in stress range during the tests was neutral. When tests with intermediate ageing were added to the analysis, the combination of test data strongly suggest that the neutral response above was because of a fairly even competition between softening due to degradation (particle coarsening etc.) and work hardening. We have concluded that the work hardening occuring for a lab hold time of 5 min. will be insignificant under more realistic, i.e. component-near, hold times. Based on this, we have devised a method for reduction of lab TMF test results, with their too short hold times, to handle actual, i.e. significantly longer, component hold times.
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Sánchez, Marcos, Simon Roberts, and Robert Ryan. "Mary Elmes, Design and Construction of an urban pedestrian bridge over river Lee in Cork City Centre. From competition to opening." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.013.

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<p>Mary Elmes Bridge is a 66m single span Pedestrian and Cyclist bridge opening in Cork, Ireland in July 2019. In September 2016, Cork City Council launched a competition for a single span – no supports in the river were allowed- pedestrian crossing over the River Lee between the historic bridges of St. Patrick’s (a stone arch form 1860’s) and Brian Boru (a former rolling bascule from 1920). The competition was launched as part of Cork City Councils key objective to encourage greater sustainable travel in the form of walking and cycling within the city Centre.</p><p>Constrained by heavy trafficked quay roads, the design of a single span 66m crossing was a real challenge when taking into account that the flooding level for the 200years return is 400mm higher than the existing footpaths. The winning solution is a slender, steel shallow through beam with a slight arching effect. The main span is fully integral with the abutments with the central steel box girder and variable width cantilevered walkways joining at both landing points to a stiff concrete piled foundations. The concept adopts a clever strategy to integrate at grade landings with existing footpath levels while making the structure compatible with future city flood defenses. The use of the pedestrian walkway as a flange in the longitudinal direction allows the structure to achieve a significant slenderness.</p><p>This proposal establishes a connective dialogue with its surrounds and compliant with challenging flooding and visual requirements.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Competitive cycling"

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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.
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