Journal articles on the topic 'Competition Victoria'
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Jayasuriya, Rohan, and A. B. Sim. "Strategic planning in hospitals in two Australian States: An exploratory study of its practice using planning documentation." Australian Health Review 21, no. 3 (1998): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980017.
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Hospitals are under pressure to respond to new challenges and competition. Manyhospitals have used strategic planning to respond to these environmental changes. Thisexploratory study examines the extent of strategic planning in hospitals in twoAustralian States, New South Wales and Victoria, using a sample survey. Based onplanning documentation, the study indicated that 47% of the hospitals surveyed didnot have a strategic or business plan. A significant difference was found in thecomprehensiveness of the plans between the two States. Plans from Victorian hospitalshad more documented evidence of external/internal analysis, competitor orientation and customer orientation compared with plans from New South Wales hospitals. The paper discusses the limitations of the study and directions for future research.
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Baker, Alan. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL GAS IN VICTORIA." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90035.
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The development of natural gas in Victoria is mainly that of the Bass Strait gas fields discovered by Esso and BHP, with the former as operator, and of the Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria.Since discovery of natural gas in 1965, the market has grown to the delivery in 1989 of 193 petajoules (PJ), consisting of 157 PJ to the Corporation and 36 PJ for use by the State Electricity Commission for Esso's and BHP's own use.This development has includeed the consolidation of gas utilities in Victoria into one entity and aggressive competition to replace oil in industry and space heating and electricity in water heating. Price advantages conferred through oil price increases in the late 1970s were countered in the early 1980s by the Government realising the opportunity cost through increased taxation.Consideration of the likely growth in the Victorian and Australian economies allows some prediction of the future development of natural gas in Victoria to 2010. While the market is expected to increase at a rate of 3.2 per cent per annum in the medium term, this will fall to 2.3 per cent over the long term.Changes in the numbers of gas appliances in each home and their annual usage, competition from electricity in the hot water market, demand management, losses of some industries, new markets such as NGV and cogeneration and the effects of greenhouse gases will all have their effects.
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Moxham, Claire, and Josh Dorrough. "Recruitment of Eucalyptus strzeleckii (Myrtaceae) in intensive livestock production landscapes." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 6 (2008): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07187.
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Eucalyptus strzeleckii K. Rule (Strzelecki gum) is a medium-to-tall forest swamp gum, endemic to Victoria and listed as Nationally Vulnerable in Australia. This species occurs in the high rainfall (up to 1600 mm) region of Gippsland in south-eastern Victoria. The region has been intensively developed for agriculture, in particular dairy production. Surviving trees are often old and in varying stages of dieback and natural recruitment is rarely observed. The removal of cattle-grazing as a sole mechanism to encourage recruitment is rarely sufficient to promote regeneration of this species. The aim of this study was to examine the role of soil disturbance, weed competition, seed supply and parent plant competition, in the absence of cattle-grazing, in the recruitment of E. strzeleckii. Seed availability, distance from mature tree, soil disturbance, soil moisture and pasture competition all influenced seedling establishment and survival in the field. Removal of ground layer vegetation immediately before seedling emergence appears to be essential for successful establishment of E. strzeleckii. However, both soil disturbance and pasture removal by spraying had similar effects, suggesting that competition rather than soil disturbance per se is a limiting factor in these environments. In the absence of understorey vegetation manipulation, regeneration by this species is unlikely even in the absence of grazing.
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Duchamp, Linda Timmel. "Desperately Seeking Approval: The Importance of Distinguishing Between Approval and Recognition." Hypatia 3, no. 2 (1988): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00078.x.
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Victoria Davion confuses seeking approval with the desire for recognition of and respect for one's difference. Ironically, when she asserts that the desire to please others provides an incentive to do well (and thus constitutes a positive aspect of competition) Davion undermines her argument that competition enhances one's sense of self. Rather than enhancing one's sense of self, striving to win approval from others sabotages one's ability to rely on her own judgment and take moral responsibility for herself.
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Bolton, Victoria. "About cats, mice and behaviour-changing parasites." Biochemist 40, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04004032.
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The Science Communication Competition is now in its eighth year. As in previous years, it aims to find young talented science writers and give them the opportunity to have their work published in The Biochemist. In 2015, a new branch of the competition was launched to include video entries. Overall this year's competition attracted 74 entries and these were reviewed by our external panel of expert judges. The first prize in the written category was awarded to Victoria Bolton from the University of Glasgow, whose article is presented here; the winner of the video category was Jirayu Tanprasertsuk from Tufts University. Jirayu's winning video can be viewed at bit.ly/scicommvid2018.
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Marriage, Guy. "Solar Decathlon. Interdisciplinary and collaborative research competing on a world stage." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 3 (December 9, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i3.111.
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<p>The Solar Decathlon is an international student competition requiring university-led interdisciplinary student teams to research, design, build and operate a solar-powered house. Projects like this are highly competitive but have significant learning benefits for those involved. The Decathlon requires a wide range of student skills and so is by nature highly interdisciplinary. To win requires a significant amount of collaboration between team members who must rapidly accumulate specialised knowledge of diverse fields including solar design. This paper looks at the Solar Decathlon 2011 project submitted by Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, examines the pedagogical methodologies used, and debates the usefulness of this type of interdisciplinary and collaborative project for students of a school of architecture. It notes the difficulties placed on integration of a single-project focus on the wider scope of a typical architectural education and proposes that the broader degree curriculum may benefit from evolving to better accommodate the flexibility needed for targeted design-led research competitions such as the Solar Decathlon.</p>
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Woyo, Erisher, and Elmarie Slabbert. "Cross-border destination marketing of attractions between borders: the case of Victoria Falls." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-10-2018-0073.
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PurposeThe success of tourism destinations is in many cases measured from a competitive advantage perspective, not from a collaborative advantage perspective, which limits the possibilities of destination marketing in a collaborative cross-border context. Currently, the marketing efforts of Victoria Falls are highly fragmented as each country promotes the attraction separately. The purpose of this paper is to explore the cross-border destination marketing possibilities and realities of Victoria Falls from a demand and supply side perspective.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was applied in this study, with two separate surveys being conducted. Data for the demand side were collected by means of a questionnaire that was distributed by fieldworkers, while data for the supply side were collected online. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses and one-way analysis of variance.FindingsFive specific tourist motivations for visiting Victoria Falls were identified using demand data, of which sightseeing and destination attributes were the most important. Significant differences were found for tourists’ cross-border experiences using different border access points. Using supply data, challenges and opportunities of cross-border marketing were analysed. The most important opportunity was identified as cooperation, while the key challenges were economic and policy related. It is important to see the bigger picture and how cooperation can benefit both countries, which is unfortunately not currently the case for Zambia and Zimbabwe.Practical implicationsThere is a need for tourism destinations to shift from competition-based strategies to collaboration-based strategies in order to be successful. Cross-border marketing requires that each country understands tourists’ motivations and experiences. For Zambia and Zimbabwe to increase their tourist arrivals, income and investment opportunities, both countries must move away from isolating their marketing efforts of Victoria Falls. It is important to look beyond the individual benefits for each country and focus on the combined benefits. The challenges identified in this study must be addressed if Zambia and Zimbabwe’s cross-border marketing of Victoria Falls is to be effective. The integration of demand and supply views is thus critical for cross-border marketing to be effective and successful.Originality/valueResearch on cross-border destination marketing of shared border attractions is limited. With regard to Victoria Falls, such research has never been explored in an academic context. This study has value for destination marketers of Zambia and Zimbabwe, especially for attractions that are shared between their borders such as Victoria Falls and Kariba Dam. Additionally, the study has implications for attractions that are shared across the borders of southern African countries like Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique, as well as other attractions shared between borders in the global context.
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Staaland, Hans, Jan Z. Adamczewski, and Anne Gunn. "A Comparison of digestive Tract Morphology in muskoxen and caribou from Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, Canada." Rangifer 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.17.1.379.
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Although caribou and muskoxen coexist in close proximity on southeastern Victoria Island, they appear primarily adapted to different diets and foraging strategies. Visual inspection and analysis of rumen contents for fiber and lignin from the study (unpubl.) also indicate a predominantly graminoid diet in the muskoxen and a more varied diet with a substantial browse component in the caribou.This should reduce the likelihood of competition for limited food resources in winter.
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Davis, Naomi E., Ian R. Gordon, and Graeme Coulson. "The influence of evolutionary history and body size on partitioning of habitat resources by mammalian herbivores in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16075.
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Habitat use is the most common dimension along which sympatric species partition resources to reduce competition. We conducted faecal pellet counts at Wilsons Promontory National Park, Victoria, to examine habitat use by an assemblage of mammalian herbivores with disparate evolutionary histories and varying body size: introduced European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and hog deer (Axis porcinus), and native eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) and common wombat (Vombatus ursinus). Overlap in habitat use was low between four pairs of species, suggesting spatial partitioning of resources to reduce the potential for interspecific competition. More generally, however, overlap in habitat use was high, particularly between native and introduced grazers. These results indicate the potential for competition if resources were limiting and suggest that assemblages of species with independent evolutionary histories have inherently less resource partitioning to facilitate coexistence than assemblages of species with common evolutionary histories. Despite evidence of high overlap in habitat use between native and introduced species at a broad scale, and variation in the competitive ability of species, coexistence was likely facilitated by niche complementarity, including temporal and fine-scale partitioning of spatial resources. There was no relationship between body size and the diversity of habitats used. In contemporary assemblages of native and introduced species, evolutionary history is likely to have a strong influence on resource partitioning.
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Pérez-Liñán, Aníbal. "POLITICAL COMPETITION, PARTISANSHIP, AND POLICYMAKING IN LATIN AMERICAN PUBLIC UTILITIES - by Maria Victoria Murillo." Public Administration 89, no. 4 (December 2011): 1688–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2011.01988.x.
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Dijkstra, Peter D., Ole Seehausen, Boye L. A. Gricar, Martine E. Maan, and Ton G. G. Groothuis. "Can male-male competition stabilize speciation? A test in Lake Victoria haplochromine cichlid fish." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59, no. 5 (December 8, 2005): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-005-0100-1.
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English, Linda. "Emasculating Public Accountability in the Name of Competition: Transformation of State Audit in Victoria." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 14, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cpac.2002.0523.
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Post, Alison. "Political Competition, Partisanship, and Policy Making in Latin American Public Utilitiesby Maria Victoria Murillo." Political Science Quarterly 126, no. 2 (June 2011): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165x.2011.tb02152.x.
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Henskens, F. L. F. "The biology and management of Axonopus affinis (Chase) in Australian pastures." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 8 (1997): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97023.
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Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis Chase) was described in terms of its botany, origin, distribution, seasonal growth, habitat, and dispersal. Factors that determine its agronomic importance were examined. Emphasis was given to management and ecological factors which influence competition between carpetgrass and sown pasture species. It is concluded that the management strategies that have been developed and successfully adopted in Queensland and New South Wales need to be tested for use in irrigated pastures in northern Victoria
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Flynn, Martin. "Illustrating the illustrators: the V&A Illustration Awards." Art Libraries Journal 35, no. 3 (2010): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200016540.
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The Victoria and Albert Museum has been running an illustration awards competition for nearly 40 years. This aims to recognise and reward the best quality illustration in books, newspapers, magazines and comics. However, the awards have suffered from being extremely labour-intensive, had a very low level of awareness in the industry amongst publishers and artists and produced minimal permanent records of the quality and range of their annual output. Recently the museum has begun addressing these issues.
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M. Brown, Rhonda. "Community Health Within the Context of Health Reform." Australian Journal of Primary Health 6, no. 1 (2000): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py00009.
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Recent health reforms in Victoria based on a market model characterised by competition and market control of health services, have radically changed the funding and management of community health organisations and the way health services are provided. Community health has sustained ongoing funding cuts, restructures, amalgamations, and corporatisation over the past decade. Within the context of reform community health has been forced to become competitive through improvement in the efficiency and effectiveness of services. At the same time organisations must collaborate to ensure a co-ordinated approach to health care and continue to provide services which are responsive to community needs. With diminishing government funding community health organisations must seek alternative funding sources through the tendering process. A 1998 study of one of the largest metropolitan community health organisations in Victoria gives some insights into the impact of these reforms. The findings of this study show that health reforms based on market principles are not compatible with the delivery of health care, and in particular with primary health care, the underlying philosophy of community health. Organisations are becoming more bureaucratic and hierarchical with decision making being driven by management rather than by consultation with community and staff. Resources are being diverted from health promotion and community development activities to direct services, that are individual and problem focused rather than community and prevention focused.
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Renzaho, Andre. "Re-visioning cultural competence in community health services in Victoria." Australian Health Review 32, no. 2 (2008): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah080223.
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There are few studies exploring the need to develop and manage culturally competent health services for refugees and migrants from diverse backgrounds. Using data from 50 interviews with service providers from 26 agencies, and focus group discussion with nine different ethnic groups, this paper examines how the Victorian state government funding and service agreements negatively impact on the quest to achieve cultural competence. The study found that service providers have adopted ?one approach fits all? models of service delivery. The pressure and competition for resources to address culturally and linguistically diverse communities? needs allows little opportunity for partnership and collaboration between providers, leading to insufficient sharing of information and duplication of services, poor referrals, incomplete assessment of needs, poor compliance with medical treatment, underutilisation of available services and poor continuity of care. This paper outlines a model for cultural consultation and developing needs-led rather than serviceled programs.
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DUSSAUGE LAGUNA, MAURICIO I. "Political Competition, Partisanship, and Policy Making in Latin American Public Utilities - By Maria Victoria Murillo." Governance 24, no. 2 (March 23, 2011): 403–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2011.01529_5.x.
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Dijkstra, Peter D., Ole Seehausen, and Ton G. G. Groothuis. "Direct male-male competition can facilitate invasion of new colour types in Lake Victoria cichlids." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 58, no. 2 (March 2, 2005): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-005-0919-5.
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Wells, M. J. "Relations and Reflections to the Eye and Understanding: Architectural Models and the Rebuilding of the Royal Exchange, 1839–44." Architectural History 60 (2017): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2017.7.
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ABSTRACTHistorians have overlooked the ways in which architects perceived and used models during the nineteenth century. Drawing on a wide range of documentary sources, as well as drawings, prints and a surviving model, this essay examines how architectural models were deployed in the competition for the Royal Exchange and its design and construction (1839–44). Many figures saw models as important arbiters in choosing designs and, after the initial competition process, C.R. Cockerell and William Tite demonstrated the use of models as poetic and rhetoric tools in architectural practice. Drawing especially on the example of Tite's model of the Royal Exchange portico, which survives at the Victoria & Albert Museum, the essay discusses how architectural models played an important role in the social activities surrounding the profession including ceremonial events, conversazioni and international exhibitions.
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Mills, Anthony, Jim Smith, and Peter Love. "Barriers to the Development of SME's in the Australian Construction Industry." Construction Economics and Building 2, no. 2 (November 17, 2012): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v2i2.2902.
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Small and medium sized companies (SMEs) operating in the construction industry in regionalareas of Australia often struggle to compete against city-based companies for constructionwork. This paper identifies the barriers that confront SMEs in areas outsidemajor cities, specifically in regional areas of Victoria (Australia) where local firms oftencompete unsuccessfully against large Melbourne-based organisations. The authors alsolook at the possibility of using e-commerce solutions to give regional SMEs greater competitivenessas well as considering possible policy initiatives that may assist these companiesto be more successful in tendering against city-based competition.
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Pritchard, Jane. "Archives of the Dance (24): The Alhambra Moul Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum." Dance Research 32, no. 2 (November 2014): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drs.2014.0108.
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This article in the ‘Archives of the Dance’ series looks at one specific collection held in the Theatre & Performance Collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. At first glance, the Alfred Moul Collection (THM/75) appears a small collection filling only half a dozen archive boxes plus some photographs and press cuttings books. Nevertheless its content is very revealing about the management of the Alhambra Palace of Variety, Leicester Square, during the years 1901–1914, and the ballets created there. It is not exclusively a dance archive but places the work of the theatre's ballet company in the context of variety theatre and the full range of turns presented there. The collection focuses on the final decade of the fifty years from 1864 in which the Alhambra dominated the ballet-scene in London. This final period was a time of decline and competition for the ballet company. The collection reveals the management's awareness of competition and the consequent need to embrace a wide range of genres; the word ballet was used to cover all forms of theatre dance and, as the collection reveals, the wide search for new dance stars for productions; it enhances our knowledge of dance and dancers from France, Russia, America and Denmark as well as our knowledge of dance in Britain immediately before the full impact of the Russian ballet was felt.
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Seehausen, Ole, and Dolph Schluter. "Male–male competition and nuptial–colour displacement as a diversifying force in Lake Victoria cichlid fishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 271, no. 1546 (July 7, 2004): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2737.
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Muschick, Moritz, James M. Russell, Eliane Jemmi, Jonas Walker, Kathlyn M. Stewart, Alison M. Murray, Nathalie Dubois, J. Curt Stager, Thomas C. Johnson, and Ole Seehausen. "Arrival order and release from competition does not explain why haplochromine cichlids radiated in Lake Victoria." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1878 (May 9, 2018): 20180462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0462.
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The frequent occurrence of adaptive radiations on oceanic islands and in lakes is often attributed to ecological opportunity resulting from release from competition where arrival order among lineages predicts which lineage radiates. This priority effect occurs when the lineage that arrives first expands its niche breadth and diversifies into a set of ecological specialists with associated monopolization of the resources. Later-arriving species do not experience ecological opportunity and do not radiate. While theoretical support and evidence from microbial experiments for priority effects are strong, empirical evidence in nature is difficult to obtain. Lake Victoria (LV) is home to an exceptional adaptive radiation of haplochromine cichlid fishes, where 20 trophic guilds and several hundred species emerged in just 15 000 years, the age of the modern lake that was preceded by a complete desiccation lasting several thousand years. However, while about 50 other lineages of teleost fish also have established populations in the lake, none of them has produced more than two species and most of them did not speciate at all. Here, we test if the ancestors of the haplochromine radiation indeed arrived prior to the most competent potential competitors, ‘tilapias’ and cyprinids, both of which have made rapid radiations in other African lakes. We assess LV sediment core intervals from just before the desiccation and just after refilling for the presence of fossil fish teeth. We show that all three lineages were present when modern LV began to fill with water. We conclude that the haplochromines' extraordinary radiation unfolded in the presence of potentially competing lineages and cannot be attributed to a simple priority effect.
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Bird, P. R., T. T. Jackson, G. A. Kearney, and K. W. Williams. "Effect of two tree windbreaks on adjacent pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, no. 6 (2002): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02016.
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The effects of 2 tree windbreaks on pasture production in adjoining paddocks were assessed over 4 years in a cool-temperate climate, perennial pasture area in south-western Victoria, Australia. The Willandra windbreak was 2 rows of direct-sown black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) aligned south-east–north-west. The Helm View windbreak was 4 rows of mixed Eucalyptus, Casuarina and Acacia spp., aligned east–west. Pastures at both sites had been sown to perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover. Wind direction data indicated that the north-eastern and south-western paddocks at Willandra were sheltered 39 and 28% of the time, respectively. The northern and southern paddocks at Helm View were sheltered 34 and 42% of the time, respectively. The relationship of rainfall with wind speed and direction was examined to indicate the potential of windbreaks of various orientations to protect livestock. The windbreaks had clear effects on pasture production in the competition zone along the margins of the windbreak. Average pasture production at Willandra in the zone 0.5–0.75 H (where H is the windbreak height) was 69% of open yield; production in the 0.9–1.5 H zone was 96%. At Helm View, production in the zone 0.7–1.0 H was 74% of open yield, with 81% in the zone 1.1–1.5 H. Averaged over all years, both windbreaks had no effect on pasture growth in the 2–10 H sheltered zone, although in some years there were small significant growth increases at parts of that zone in certain paddocks. Periodic soil moisture measurements at Willandra showed that water use was greater in the competition zone near the windbreak, with a difference in summer water content of the 1.2 m profile of at least 20 mm between soil 4.6 m from the windbreak and further away. The difference was due to greater water use from the deepest part of the profile. No other effects of the windbreak on soil water content were observed.
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Barlow, John W., Andrea J. Curtis, Lorna E. Raggatt, Nicole M. Loidl, Duncan J. Topliss, and Jan R. Stockigt. "Drug competition for intracellular triiodothyronine-binding sites." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 4 (April 1994): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300417.
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Barlow JW, Curtis AJ, Raggatt LE, Loidl NM, Topliss DJ. Stockigt JR. Drug competition for intracellular triiodothyronine-binding sites. Eur J Endocrinol 1944;130:417–21. ISSN 0804–4643 A variety of substances, including frusemide, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can compete for triiodothyronine (T3)-binding sites in serum and at the cell surface. We examined the competitive potency of these agents at intracellular T3-binding sites in order to assess their potential to act as T3 antagonists. Competition for [125I]T3 binding was determined using hydroxyapatite separation in cytosols and nuclear extracts prepared from livers of Macaca fascicularis. The T3 affinities were 15.8 ± 1.2 nmol/l in cytosol and 0.23 ± 0.02 nmol/l in nuclear extract. Does–response curves were analysed by a four-parameter sigmoid curve-fitting program to determine competitor potency. The nineteen agents tested included various NSAIDs, NEFAs, non-bile acid cholephils (NBACs), frusemide, amiodarone and the flavonoid EMD 21388. In nuclear extract the most active competitors were linoleic acid (8.5 μmol/l) and linolenic acid (7.8 μmol/l), Potencies of NSAIDs varied between 66 μmol/l (meclofenamic acid) and 525 μmol/l (diclofenac). In cytosol, NEFAs were less potent but NSAIDs were stronger competitors than in nuclear extract. Half-inhibitory potencies in cytosol were between 13.2 μmol/l (meclofenamic acid) and 63.1 μmol/l (flufenamic acid). The NBAC bromosulphthalein was one of the most potent inhibitors in both cytosol and nuclear extract. When expressed relative to T3, diclofenac was a more effective competitor in cytosol than it was in nuclear extract. Amiodarone and EMD 21388 were without effect both in cytosol and nuclear extract. Frusemide (759 μmol/l) was weakly active in cytosol only. The action of T3 was assessed by measuring secretion of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in Hep-G2 cells. After 3 days with total T3 (0.1 μmol/l), SHBG was 155 ± 15% of the control. Amiodarone (100 μmol/l) and meclofenamic acid (100 μmol/l) were cytotoxic. Bromosulphthalein (10 μmol/l), one of the most potent competitors at both the cytoplasmic and the nuclear level, did not influence the T3-induced rise in SHBG secretion. None of the drugs tested affected the magnitude of maximal induction of SHBG by T3. Substances that compete for serum and cell surface T3-binding sites are also weak competitors for intracellular T3-binding proteins, although the heirarchy of potency differs. Frusemide and diclofenac, with a greater relative potency for cytosolic binding than nuclear binding, may have potential use in investigating the function of cytosolic T3-binding. Amiodarone shows no binding activity and is not a hormone antagonist in primate hepatic tissue. John W Barlow, Ewen Downie Metabolic Unit, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia
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Poiani, A., A. Rogers, K. Rogers, and D. Rogers. "Asymmetrical competition between the bell miner (Manorina melanophrys, Meliphagidae) and other honeyeaters: evidence from Southeastern Victoria, Australia." Oecologia 85, no. 2 (December 1990): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00319410.
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Paterson, John. "Water Management and Recreational Values; Some Cases in Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0021.
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The growing recognition of recreational and amenity demands on water systems introduces a multitude of issues, many of them complex, to the established tasks of water quality management and water management generally. Victorian case studies are presented. They (1) illustrate the range and diversity of situations that can arise in managing competition and enhancing compatibility between traditional water supply objectives and recreational demands. (2) Fluctuation of storage levels, essential to storage operations, detract from recreational value. Recreational and tourism demands upon Lake Hume have grown to threaten traditional operating flexibility. (3) Mokoan is another such instance, but with its supply function in a state of flux, Lake Mokoan provides more scope for a shift in the balance. (4) Salinity management has become an issue in the management of lakes and wetlands when water supply interests and environmental/recreation interests respectively have different perspectives on salt disposal. (5) Recreational use of town supply sources has long been a vexed issue, although marked shifts in the attitudues of many supply authorities have occurred in recent years. (6) Eutrophication of lakes and estuaries raises difficult issues of responsibility and scientific uncertainty, and the water management connection may be tenuous but will attract public attention. (7) The water body attributes valued by specialised recreational interests require definition in terms that water managers can deal with using routine techniques of systems analysis and evaluation. (8) The demands of the fish population and anglers introduce a new perspective in river management and perceptions of instream values are changing markedly. (9) Direct costs of recreational services supplied by water authorities are not fully accounted: allocation choices and fiscal incidence will emerge as issues of significance. (10) These case studies raise only a fraction of the total range of matters that will, in the years to come, tax the technology and political skills of governments and management.
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Dijkstra, Peter D., Ole Seehausen, and Ton G. G. Groothuis. "Intrasexual competition among females and the stabilization of a conspicuous colour polymorphism in a Lake Victoria cichlid fish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1634 (December 12, 2007): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1441.
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Wood, M. S., and R. L. Wallis. "Potential Competition for Nest Sites Between Feral European Honeybees (Apis mellifera) and Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 3 (1998): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98377.
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The potential for feral Honeybees (Apis mellifera) to competitively exclude Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) from tree hollows was examined in the You Yangs Regional Park, Victoria. The characteristics and occupancy of 77 hollow-bearing trees and 250 hollows were recorded in six 2 ha sites and used to compare the extent of overlap in nest site selection between bees and posssums. Colonies of feral A. mellifera occupied 25 % of all hollow-bearing trees and 8 % of useable hollows, yielding a density of 1.66 colonies per ha, the highest recorded so far in Australia. Trichosurus vulpecula utilised 74 % of hollow-bearing trees and 48 % of useable hollows. Nest site characteristics of bees and possums overlapped in several dimensions, especially in the size of tree and height of nest. Relatively few vacant hollows were suitable for T. vulpecula, whereas many were available to Honeybees. Only 35% of bee nests were in hollows unsuitable for possums, indicating a relatively high potential for competition.
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Morgan, John W., Paulius A. Kviecinskas, and Martine Maron. "Effect of proximity of buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) trees on buloke early sapling survival in a semiarid environment." Australian Journal of Botany 61, no. 4 (2013): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13002.
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Agricultural intensification has led to the dramatic decline of buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii) and the plant communities it dominates in southern Australia. Conservation of remnant buloke woodlands and revegetation of agricultural land are both required for the persistence and improved ecological function of this threatened community. We examined the effect of proximity of mature buloke trees on early sapling survival, to provide guidelines for revegetation aimed at enhancing degraded remnants. We planted buloke saplings at different distances from the base of remnant mature trees at a site in western Wimmera, Victoria, with and without herbaceous competition. Mature buloke trees altered most soil nutrients (positively), soil water content (negatively) and soil conductivity (positively) at different gradients from the tree base, depending on the factor measured. Mature buloke trees had a strong negative effect on conspecific sapling survival in the first summer after planting in both the presence and absence of an herbaceous understorey, possibly because of the strong effect of trees on soil moisture. Competition from mature buloke was high nearest to the trees (up to 9 m from tree base), but competition from the native understorey also appeared important for saplings in the tree gaps, as evidenced by their improved survival when the understorey was removed. We suggest that to establish buloke saplings in areas where mature trees already occur (i.e. enhancement plantings around isolated paddock trees), planting tubestock outside the canopy of mature buloke is necessary to enhance establishment success.
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McDonald, G. K., K. L. Hollaway, and L. McMurray. "Increasing plant density improves weed competition in lentil (Lens culinaris)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (2007): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05168.
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Lentil (Lens culinaris) is an important pulse crop in the southern and western cropping zones. Weed management can be difficult in lentil because of its poor early growth and the limited range of safe selective post-emergent herbicides available. Experiments were conducted at Minlaton, South Australia, and Horsham, Victoria, to examine the effects of early vigour on the ability of lentil to compete against a broadleaf weed. Early growth in lentil was manipulated by selecting genotypes with different levels of early vigour and by using a range of sowing rates. Canola (Brassica napus cv. Beacon) was used to mimic the growth of a cruciferous weed and it was sown at 0, 0.25 (Minlaton only), 0.5, 1 or 2 kg/ha. Lentil genotypes were selected that represented the range in early vigour currently available within the breeding program. Another experiment examined the effect of plant density of lentils with different degrees of early vigour on the yield of canola. Grain yield of lentil declined as the density of canola increased. The initial reduction in canola yield over sites was about 4%/plant.m2, but was as high as 12%/plant.m2 in one treatment. This yield loss is similar to that reported for other grain legume crops, but is much higher than the initial yield loss reported for wheat. The differences in early vigour between genotypes were insufficient to affect the competitive ability of lentil. In contrast, increasing the sowing rate of lentil significantly reduced canola grain yield and increased lentil grain yield. When the density of canola was low (10 plants/m2), doubling the lentil plant density to 200 plants/m2 limited the yield loss to 10%. The results suggest the level of variation in early vigour among the present genotypes is insufficient to increase the competitive ability of the crop. Increasing the plant population of lentil is a more effective means of suppressing weed growth and increasing grain yield.
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Vlăduţescu, Ştefan. "Communicational Types of Propaganda." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 33 (June 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.33.41.
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On a meta-analytical way, the study inventorizes and organizes the types of propaganda. It configures a communicational-persuasive taxonomy of types of propaganda. For this exploit relevant contributions of some outstanding communication authority propaganda: Sergei Chakotin, Jacques Ellul, Jean Cazeneuve, Garth S. Jowett, Victoria O'Donnell, H.-P. Cathala, J.-M. Sproule, J. E. Combs, D. Nimmo, Cristian Florin Popescu, Călin Hentea. As prototypes of propaganda are recorded vertical and horizontal propaganda; rational and irrational propaganda; propaganda of competition, propaganda of integration and propaganda of subversion; ideological, political, economy, moral, aesthetical, religious, oral, written, visual, audio-visual, organizational propaganda. The core propaganda will always find the target group. How relevant taxonomy is what is done according to the action on the target group: seductive propaganda, propaganda mythical false propaganda, propaganda fiction.
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Frankham, Greta J., Robert L. Reed, Mark D. B. Eldridge, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "The genetic mating system of the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) with notes on male strategies for securing paternity." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 4 (2012): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12064.
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The potoroids are a small group of cryptic macropodoid marsupials that are difficult to directly monitor in the wild. Consequently, information regarding their social and mating systems is limited. A population of long-nosed potoroos (Potorous tridactylus) on French Island, Victoria, was monitored from June 2005 to August 2010. Tissue samples were collected from 32 (19 ♂, 13 ♀) independent potoroos and 17 pouch young. We aimed to determine the genetic mating system and identify patterns of paternity through genotyping individuals at 10 microsatellite loci. Additionally, we investigated the importance of body mass and site residency as strategies in securing paternity. Twelve of the 17 pouch young sampled were assigned paternity with confidence to five males. Multiple pouch young were sampled from two long-term resident females, one of which had 10 pouch young sired by multiple partners, with some repeat paternity, while the other had three young sired by one male, suggesting that the mating system is not entirely promiscuous. Sires were recorded on site for significantly longer periods than non-sires but were not significantly larger than non-sires at conception. This suggests that sires employ strategies other than direct competition, such as scramble competition, to secure paternity in P. tridactylus.
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Martínez García, Jose Antonio, and Juan García Papi. "Una segunda oportunidad para ganar (A second chance to win)." Retos, no. 31 (November 11, 2016): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.49136.
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Esta investigación analiza en el entorno de una competición deportiva el impulso en la motivación que para los equipos tiene el obtener una segunda oportunidad de alcanzar el objetivo deseado. Para ello, utilizamos la liga profesional de baloncesto estadounidense (NBA), donde dos equipos compiten por la victoria en cada partido. A través del análisis de 390 contiendas que acabaron en empate en su tiempo reglamentario, y por ende dirimieron el resultado final en la prórroga, mostramos que el equipo que consigue empatar el partido en la última jugada del mismo tiene mayor probabilidad de ganar en la prórroga si actúa como visitante pero no si actúa como local. Anotar primero en la prórroga, asimismo, es un factor que incrementa la probabilidad de victoria tanto para el equipo local como para el visitante.Abstract. This research analyzes the boost in motivation that teams experience when getting a second chance to achieve the desired objective within competition settings. To achieve this aim we analyzed the NBA framework, where two teams compete for victory in each game. Through the analysis of 390 matches that ended in a draw, and therefore the final result was reached in the overtime, we show how teams tying a game on the final play of the match are more likely to win in the overtime when playing away, but not at home. Being the first team to score in the overtime increases the probability of winning the game for both home and away situations.
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Munks, S. "The Breeding biology of Pseudocheirus peregrinus viverrinus on FLinders ISland, Bass Strait." Wildlife Research 22, no. 4 (1995): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950521.
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Reproduction in Pseudocheirus peregrinus viverrinus in coastal teatree woodland on Flinders Island was seasonal. The main birth season was from May to August. The mean duration of lactation was 29 weeks. The duration of lactation for multiparous females that bred twice in a year was significantly shorter than that of multiparous single breeders. In general the young left the pouch during early spring and were fully weaned by the early summer months. In contrast to populations of P. peregrinus inhabiting similar woodland in Victoria only a few multiparous females (6-9%) gave birth to a second litter in the springlsummer months on Flinders Island. The mean litter size (1.84) and annual fecundity of the population (1.91 offspring per female) were lower than those reported for three populations of Pseudocheirus peregrinus in Victoria. It is suggested that the low occurrence of spring/summer births and low fecundity of P. p. viverrinus on Flinders Island may be related to the age and nutrient status of their coastal teatree forest habitat. The body mass of P. p. viverrinus was higher than previously recorded for P. peregrinus. The adult body mass of females ranged from 948 to 1082 g. Adults showed seasonal variation in body mass with most females losing weight during the late spring and summer months coincident with late lactation. It is proposed that the larger body size of P. p. viverrinus on Flinders Island is a result of release from predation pressure and/or interspecific competition.
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Emily Jepyegon, Chemoiwa. "The current status of Barbus species in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: A review." International Journal of Aquaculture and Fishery Sciences 8, no. 3 (September 27, 2022): 092–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-8400.000083.
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Lake Victoria is known for its rich fish biodiversity having been home to over 500 fish species. However, over 200 species have become extinct and as a result, it is classified as a world hotspot of species loss. Some of the examples of endemic species that disappeared from the lake and are endangered include the Haplochromines and the Barbus species. The Barbus species is currently not seen in the fish landings from Lake Victoria. It is deemed to have sought refuge in the riverine ecosystems, dams and the adjacent satellite lakes within the Lake Victoria Basin. This has resulted in several gaps emerging including its current status as its taxonomical identification still remains a puzzle to many scientists. This paper, therefore, tries to unearth the foregoing by reviewing the already available literature with an emphasis on the LVB Kenyan part. The Labeobarbus altianalis is still named Barbus altianalis even in the most recent publications thus complicating further. In its distribution, the Barbus species does not occur in the lake currently but is a common candidate in the rivers, dams and satellite lakes within the basin. Some of the cited reasons for its disappearance: are predation by Lates niloticus, overfishing, competition from exotic species, pollution and climate change. However, different studies try to pinpoint its presence in some rivers and this according to an observation made in this study is due to biased sampling, which excludes some rivers in the basin. It is concluded that the taxonomic identification of Barbus species in LVB Kenya remains elusive and this has been blamed on skewed sampling with little regard to all ecosystems in the basin. The paper recommends that an elaborate simultaneous study be done in all the rivers within the LVB, Kenya to collect reliable data for use in Barbus species taxonomy and general biology. Further, county governments in the basin should develop sound policy frameworks on how to sustainably manage riverine fisheries including the domestication of the species in aquaculture.
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Andersen, AN. "Diversity, Seasonality and Community Organization of Ants at Adjacent Heath and Woodland Sites in Southeastern Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 1 (1986): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860053.
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Adjacent heath and woodland sites at Wilsons Promontory in Victoria support at least 50 species of ants, with the most abundant being Rhytidoponera victoriae, Iridomyrmex spp. (nitidiceps group), Notoncus hickmani, Aphaenogaster longiceps, Camponotus ?intrepidus and Plagiolepis sp. Total numbers of individuals and species in the woodland were twice that in the heath; this was probably caused by the greater structural complexity of vegetation there, which increased the availability of nesting and foraging sites, the level of insolation of the ground, and possibly also food supply. Total ant activity followed seasonal cycles which correlated with changes in temperature and probably also food supply, and, within these constraints, was regulated by prevailing weather conditions. Individual species displayed distinctive foraging schedules which possibly play an important role in species coexistence. Community organization is analysed according to a scheme derived from studies of ants in arid Australia, where taxa are classified according to their physical requirements and their relationships with dominant species. Although the major species in the present study were separated by differences in body size, food type, and time of foraging, interspecific competition appears to be less important than it is in arid regions. At both sites, opportunistic species (Rhytidoponera) predominated, cryptic species (those associated with soil and litter, such as Plagiolepis sp. and Solenopsis sp.) were abundant, and Iridomyrmex appeared to have a relatively weak influence on the abundance of other ants. This contrasts with the situation in arid regions, where species of Iridomyrmex are extremely important, and opportunistic and cryptic species are often rare or absent.
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Moore, Jan M., Anna F. Timperio, David A. Crawford, Cate M. Burns, and David Cameron-Smith. "Weight Management and Weight Loss Strategies of Professional Jockeys." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 12, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.12.1.1.
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Jockeys are required to maintain very low body weight and precise weight control during competition. This study examined the weight loss and weight management strategies of professional horseracing jockeys in the state of Victoria, Australia. An anonymous, self-completed questionnaire was administered (55% response rate, n=116). Almost half (43%) reported that maintaining riding weight was difficult or very difficult, with 75% routinely skipping meals. In preparation for racing, 60% reported that they typically required additional weight loss, with 81% restricting food intake in the 24 hours prior to racing. Additionally, sauna-induced sweating (29%) and diuretics (22%) were frequently employed to further aid in weight loss prior to racing. These rapid weight loss methods did not differ between the 51% of jockeys who followed a weight management plan compared to those who did not. The impact of these extreme weight loss practices on riding performance and health remains unknown.
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Wong Silva, Benji. "TIC y la corrupción en las MYPES en el emporio de Gamarra, Municipio La Victoria, Lima 2019." Revista Relayn - Micro y Pequeñas empresas en Latinoamérica 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46990/relayn.2019.1.1.266.
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La corrupción ha sido severamente criticado; desde la propia conceptualización de qué es y los impactos que puede tener, el término “corrupción” puede relacionarse con un estado de la sociedad, en su conjunto, o con actos individuales. La corrupción describe a una sociedad o un estado que se ha alejado de un estándar de bondad (Johnston, 1996), y sus acciones corruptas violan las reglas de los cargos públicos y están motivadas por la ganancia privada (Nye, 1967);define una transacción ilegal en la que funcionarios públicos y actores privados intercambian bienes para su propio enriquecimiento a expensas de la sociedad en general (Lebedun & Weinberg, 1975) Constantemente los empresarios,, recurren a actos de corrupción derivados de dos motivos: a) para compensar el fracaso del sistema legal en la obtención de permisos y/o eludir procesos y trámites, mediante el pago de sobornos (Aidis & Adachi, 2007), o b) para obtener alguna ventaja , frente a la competencia. la corrupción también toca al lenguaje, la desconfianza se expresa en éste, lo que conduce a que la esfera pública se vacíe de sentido y se convierte en una máscara ritual, La corrupción en las MYPES ha recibido una mayor atención recientemente, debido al uso de información de portales públicos, esto viene tomando otras vertientes en la corrupción , también a serie de estudios limitados se han centrado en determinar si la corrupción las afecta de forma negativa o positiva, para los que la aplican será de manera positiva y los afectados negativamente (Mendoza, Lim & Lopez, 2015) y encontrando resultados , como el acceso a recursos financieros (Aterido, Hallward-Driemeier & Pagés, 2011); a mercados de libre competencia – ruptura de monopolios− ; Una competencia desigual produce desequilibrios y costos asimétricos que profundizan la desigualdad entre los grupos, crean formas de influencias ocultas. Existe interés de mejorar el ámbito tecnológico en este caminar se van descubriendo más cosas en el mundo cibernético y cada día es una innovación a nivel global que muchos países tratan de alcanzar en las diferentes perspectivas, pero cada día se da más usos indebidos en estos avances tecnológicos como lo es la corrupción La corrupción es objeto de investigación, análisis y discusión desde distintas perspectivas. Se conoce que económicamente y socialmente la corrupción afecta dañinamente a las empresas (MYPES), que tratan de estar al día con las innovaciones tecnológicas, pero les toca enfrentar el problema de corrupción Abstract Corruption has been severely criticized; from the very conceptualization of what it is and the impacts it can have, the term "corruption" can relate to a state of society, as a whole, or to individual acts. Corruption describes a society or state that has moved away from a standard of goodness (Johnston, 1996), and its corrupt actions violate the rules of public office and are motivated by private gain (Nye, 1967); it defines an illegal transaction in which public officials and private actors exchange goods for their own enrichment at the expense of society at large (Lebedun & Weinberg, 1975). Businessmen constantly resort to acts of corruption derived from two motives: a) to compensate for the failure of the legal system in obtaining permits and/or to avoid processes and procedures by paying bribes (Aidis & Adachi, 2007), or b) to obtain some advantage over the competition. Corruption also touches language, distrust is expressed in it, which leads to the public sphere being emptied of meaning and becomes a ritual mask, Corruption in MSEs has received greater attention recently, due to the use of information from public portals, this is taking other aspects of corruption, also to series of limited studies have focused on determining whether corruption affects them negatively or positively, for those who apply it will be positively and those affected negatively (Mendoza, Lim & Lopez, 2015) and finding results , such as access to financial resources (Aterido, Hallward-Driemeier & Pagés, 2011); to free competition markets - monopoly breaking- ; Unequal competition produces imbalances and asymmetric costs that deepen inequality between groups, create forms of hidden influences. There is interest in improving the technological field in this walk are discovering more things in the cyber world and every day is an innovation globally that many countries try to achieve in different perspectives, but every day there are more misuses in these technological advances such as corruption Corruption is the subject of research, analysis and discussion from different perspectives. It is known that economically and socially corruption affects companies (MYPES), which try to keep up with technological innovations, but they have to face the problem of corruption.
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McCarthy, Christine. ""strident effects of instant sophistication": New Zealand architecture in the 1890s." Architectural History Aotearoa 4 (October 31, 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v4i.7303.
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Stacpoole and Beaven describe the late nineteenth-century work of New Zealand architects as "exuberant and eclectic, casting aside any earlier notions of simplicity to create strident effects of instant sophistication." It is a decade generally recognised in New Zealand history as an ambitious one and was a time of social and political experimentation and progress including "the entrepreneurial state ... liquor laws ... cheap land for development, [the] management of the effects of capitalism and competition ... an old age pension ... and the exclusion of aliens and undesirables." The 1890s also witnessed the diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria (1897), the formation of the Farmers' Union (1899), and wool's establishment as New Zealand's singlemost important export. Sixty-five people were killed in the Brunner Mine disaster (1896), the population of the North Island exceeded that of the South Island for the first time since the 1850s, and the decade's end saw the outbreak of the Boer War (1899).
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Clark, S. G., J. Li, A. M. Johnson, G. N. Ward, and J. F. Chin. "Long-term persistence of subterranean clover Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars at three sites in south-western Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 5 (1997): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97012.
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Summary. The seed banks of 6 subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars were sampled at 3 abandoned cultivar evaluation experiments in south-western Victoria (Hamilton, Macarthur and Timboon). Two were var. yanninicum (Trikkala and Larisa) and 4 were var. subterraneum (Denmark, Goulburn, Karridale and Leura). Seed was sampled in late summer–early autumn 1993, between 6 and 10 years after the sites were established and between 3 and 7 years after the sites were abandoned. The collected seed was separated into black and white seed, and a sample of the black seed was grown in a glasshouse and identified as either belonging to the sown cultivar or belonging to another cultivar/genotype. All white seed was assumed to belong to the sown cultivar. The aim was to determine if these widely used cultivars were persisting under farm management conditions and competition from perennial grass, other subterranean clover and annual weeds. With some variation between sites all cultivars were found to be persisting satisfactorily. Over the 3 sites, white-seeded cultivars averaged 460 kg/ha and 6640 seeds/m2; black-seeded cultivars averaged 260 kg/ha and 5590 seeds/m2. Contamination with other subterranean clover cultivars/ecotypes was generally low, except at Macarthur where the white-seeded cultivars were heavily contaminated (Trikkala 39% pure; Larisa 57% pure) with black seeds highlighting the poor adaptation of var. yanninicum to light soil types. Of the black seeds, over the 3 sites, average contamination level was 13% and ranged from 41% (Goulburn at Macarthur) to 1% (Leura at Timboon). The study indicates that in south-western Victoria, all the recently released cultivars are likely to persist and be productive, and that the small-plot evaluation techniques used to identify potential new cultivars are likely to be adequate if replicated in space and if the clovers are sown in mixed swards with perennial grass.
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DIJKSTRA, P. D., O. SEEHAUSEN, M. E. R. PIEROTTI, and T. G. G. GROOTHUIS. "Male?male competition and speciation: aggression bias towards differently coloured rivals varies between stages of speciation in a Lake Victoria cichlid species complex." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 20, no. 2 (March 2007): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01266.x.
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Lathlean, Timothy J. H., Paul B. Gastin, Stuart V. Newstead, and Caroline F. Finch. "Player Wellness (Soreness and Stress) and Injury in Elite Junior Australian Football Players Over 1 Season." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 1422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0828.
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Purpose: To investigate the association between player wellness and injury in elite junior Australian football players over 1 competitive season. Methods: Prospective cohort study. Elite junior Australian football players (N = 196, average age = 17.7 y, range = 16–18 y) were recruited in the under-18 state league competition in Victoria, Australia. They recorded their wellness (sleep, fatigue, soreness, stress, and mood) according to a 5-point Likert scale 3 times weekly, with injuries (missed match/training session) entered into an online sport-injury surveillance system. A logistic generalized estimating equation was used to examine the association (expressed as odds ratio [OR]) between wellness and injury (yes/no). Results: Soreness was associated with injury at each time point across the week, with the strongest association evident for soreness reported 6 d postmatch (OR = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.44; P < .001). Stress and injury were associated with injury for average stress values across the week, as well as specifically on day 1 postmatch (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.01–1.21; P = .038). Mood reported in the middle of the week (3 d postmatch) was associated with injury (OR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78–0.97; P = .014), as was fatigue (OR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00–1.22; P = .044). Conclusions: This study demonstrates key associations between wellness and injury in elite junior Australian football, specifically soreness, stress, fatigue, and mood. Monitoring strategies help identify injury-risk profiles, which can help decision makers (coaches or medical staff) intervene when relevant to reduce injury risk.
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Thomas, Jessica L., Marissa L. Parrott, Kathrine A. Handasyde, and Peter Temple-Smith. "Female control of reproductive behaviour in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), with notes on female competition for mating." Behaviour 155, no. 1 (2018): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003476.
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Abstract Opportunities for studying platypus courtship and mating behaviours in the wild are limited due to the nocturnal and cryptic nature of this species. We report on platypus courtship and mating behaviour from a successful breeding program at Healesville Sanctuary, Victoria, in which platypuses were held as either breeding pairs or trios over seven years. Behaviour was recorded daily on infrared cameras resulting in over 80,000 h of footage that was analysed for activity periods, and courtship and mating behaviours including non-contact and contact courtship, mating and avoidance. Our aims were to describe and quantify courtship and mating interactions between males and females, and to determine if either sex controlled the initiation and continuation of the behaviours. From our observations, we describe a new courtship behaviour, non-contact courtship, which constituted the majority of all mating season interactions between males and females. The time between first and last appearance of a courtship and mating behaviour was 41.0 ± 6.6 days, with the females showing behavioural receptivity for 29.6 ± 5.1 days. Female platypuses used three evasive strategies in relation to approaches by males: avoidance, flight and resistance. Females controlled the duration of 79% of encounters using resistance. For the first time, two females were seen competing with each other over access to the male platypus in their enclosure and for nesting material. Time investment in courtship and mating behaviours was a poor indicator of receptivity and breeding success, and we suggest that breeding failure is more likely to be associated with failure of fertilisation, nest building, embryonic development or incubation. We describe how female platypuses demonstrate evasiveness and control of courtship and mating behaviours, and the importance of providing these opportunities in captivity to promote successful breeding.
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SMILLIE, ROBERT W., and ROSE E. TURNBULL. "Field and petrographical insight into the formation of orbicular granitoids from the Bonney Pluton, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Geological Magazine 151, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000484.
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AbstractThe diversity of orbicule types exposed within granitoids of the Bonney Pluton in southern Victoria Land attests to the dynamic and complex interplay of magmatic processes that were responsible for their formation. Orbicules formed in small pockets of H2O-rich silicate melt that was extracted from the crystallizing and fractionating Bonney Pluton magma and concentrated along the pluton margins. These pockets of melt experienced a superheating event that destroyed almost all pre-existing nuclei and a subsequent delay in crystallization, which led to undercooling conditions that promoted rapid dendritic crystal growth. Superheating was induced by the injection of hot mafic magmas, evidenced by elevated plagioclase XAn, and Mg-Al-Ti-contents in hornblende that point to a higher temperature and a more mafic composition in the melt that the orbicule shells crystallized from. Variation in the type and structure of orbicules (hornblende-rich versus plagioclase-rich shells) were likely due to repeated changes in the composition, H2O-content, temperature and PH2O at the crystallizing orbicule boundary layer in response to pulses in the movement of magma, competition between crystallizing phases, episodic vesiculation, degassing and/or second boiling which dictated the composition, texture and size of individual orbicule shells. Brittle fragmentation of orbicules occurred in response to vesiculation and fragmented orbicules are often found as cores within intact orbicules, indicating that multiple phases of orbicule formation were common. The alignment and compaction of orbicules in ‘pods’ indicates movement of orbicules within the melt-rich pockets occurred, prior to resumption of near-equilibrium crystallization in the host granite.
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Sluijs, Inke van der, Peter D. Dijkstra, Charlotte M. Lindeyer, Bertanne Visser, Alan M. Smith, Ton G. G. Groothuis, Jacques J. M. van Alphen, and Ole Seehausen. "A test of genetic association among male nuptial coloration, female mating preference, and male aggression bias within a polymorphic population of cichlid fish." Current Zoology 59, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.2.221.
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Abstract Both interand intrasexual selection have been implicated in the origin and maintenance of species-rich taxa with diverse sexual traits. Simultaneous disruptive selection by female mate choice and male-male competition can, in theory, lead to speciation without geographical isolation if both act on the same male trait. Female mate choice can generate discontinuities in gene flow, while male-male competition can generate negative frequency-dependent selection stabilizing the male trait polymorphism. Speciation may be facilitated when mating preference and/or aggression bias are physically linked to the trait they operate on. We tested for genetic associations among female mating preference, male aggression bias and male coloration in the Lake Victoria cichlid Pundamilia. We crossed females from a phenotypically variable population with males from both extreme ends of the phenotype distribution in the same population (blue or red). Male offspring of a red sire were significantly redder than males of a blue sire, indicating that intra-population variation in male coloration is heritable. We tested mating preferences of female offspring and aggression biases of male offspring using binary choice tests. There was no evidence for associations at the family level between female mating preferences and coloration of sires, but dam identity had a significant effect on female mate preference. Sons of the red sire directed significantly more aggression to red than blue males, whereas sons of the blue sire did not show any bias. There was a positive correlation among individuals between male aggression bias and body coloration, possibly due to pleiotropy or physical linkage, which could facilitate the maintenance of color polymorphism.
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Pulsford, Will. "Meeting demand in a new era of east coast gas supply." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18045.
Full textAbstract:
Historically LNG projects have been established to monetise large gas finds in remote areas with little existing gas demand. The development of gas supply to the LNG project generally stimulated demand growth in the domestic gas market. As the supplying fields depleted, the LNG projects faced competition with domestic producers for declining gas supplies, but this was late in the project life when LNG plant capital had already been recovered. Recently, LNG export projects have been established within existing mature gas markets, most notably in Australia and North America. These plants now face competition with domestic gas consumers for access to feed gas from the beginning of their operational life when strong revenue has the greatest impact on the return earned on capital invested, with the greatest stress felt in Australia. This paper considers the underlying causes of domestic price rises experienced in Australia following the start-up of LNG export supplied from gas fields linked to the domestic market and the response by both plant developers/operators and the government. This historical view is used to inform forecasts of how the east coast gas market will react to the interplay between domestic and LNG plant demand, declining Bass Strait production, maturing CSG operations, LNG imports and completion of the Northern Gas Pipeline. In particular the ability of gas supply and pipeline capacity to meet the strongly seasonal domestic demand in Victoria and to a lesser extent NSW will be examined, together with the linkage to counter-cyclical seasonal demand for LNG from the Queensland LNG export plants in the key north Asian markets.
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Dexter, Nick, and Andy Murray. "The impact of fox control on the relative abundance of forest mammals in East Gippsland, Victoria." Wildlife Research 36, no. 3 (2009): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08135.
Full textAbstract:
Predation by European red foxes is believed to be the major cause of the extinction and decline of a large number of native medium-sized terrestrial mammals in Australia. We examined the impact of poisoning of foxes on the relative abundance of a group of medium-sized mammals in an experiment conducted in three large forest blocks in south-eastern Australia. The blocks consisted of paired sites, as follows: one site where poison baiting was used to control foxes (treatment site) and one where foxes were not controlled (non-treatment site). At all six sites, the population responses of a range of mammals were measured, and compared between treatment and non-treatment sites. The relative fox abundance, as indexed by bait-take, declined during the course of the study at treatment sites and to a lesser extent at non-treatment sites. The decline in bait-take at non-treatment sites was most likely due to treatment sites acting as ecological traps, so that reduced intra-specific competition attracted foxes from non-treatment to treatment sites, where they were subsequently poisoned. There was a significant treatment effect for the abundances of total mammals, long-nosed potoroos, southern brown bandicoots and common brushtail possums, with higher abundances at treatment sites than at non-treatment sites. Common ringtail possums increased in abundance during the course of the study, with no significant difference between treatment and non-treatment sites. There was no significant effect of time or treatment on the abundance of long-nosed bandicoots. The increase in the abundance of native mammals at treatment sites was most likely due to a lower predation pressure by foxes brought about by fox control, and the smaller increase in abundance in non-treatment blocks was likely due to the ecological-trap effect because of fox baiting at treatment sites. The present study demonstrated that broad-scale fox control can lead to increases in the abundance of native mammals in forested habitats, without recourse to aerial baiting or fences. The study also demonstrated that the influence of fox control on the fox abundance can extend well beyond the perimeter of the area baited.
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Rusydiana, Aam, and Yulizar Djamaluddin Sanrego. "MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN INDONESIA: AN APPLICATION OF MASLAHAH-EFFICIENCY QUADRANT (MEQ)." Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance 3 (May 31, 2018): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v3i0.909.
Full textAbstract:
Despite of market condition under perfect or unperfect competition, Islamic banking has to reach their level of efficiency in order to succeed and make a profit; those who do not will fail and be forced to exit the market. However apart of having a sound performance, Islamic banking also has to comply with the sharia principles. This paper aims to have efficiency and maslahah measurement in one assessment framework that is maslahah-efficiency quadrant (MEQ). The study from 2011-2014 revealed that Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI) and Sharia Panin Bank are excellent since both are within the first quadrant. Whereas Bank Sharia Mandiri (BSM), Sharia Maybank, and Sharia Bukopin Bank are considered good at the second quadrant; Bank Rakyak Indonesia Sharia (BRI) and BCA Sharia are fair at the third; and Bank Mega Sharia, Victoria Sharia, Bank Negara Indonesia Sharia (BNI), and Bank Jabar Banten Sharia (BJB) are poor at the fourth sequentially. It is urge for Islamic bank that are in low level of MSI to have a critical policy to keep in line with the five factor of maqashid sharia apart of having efficiency in order to reach maslahah.