Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Competition Victoria'

Bibliography: leaves 135-143. An anthropological analysis of an industrial dispute that occurred within the East Gippsland forest industry, 1997-1998 and how the workers strove to acheive better working conditions for themselves, and to share in the wealth they had created.

This thesis investigated aspects of plant recruitment across an altitudinal gradient of mountain tops in the Victorian Alps, Australia, and provides a baseline for the patterns and processes of alpine plant recruitment in the absence of large-scale disturbance. The patterns in alpine vegetation across the study sites were described in relation to abiotic environmental factors. Temperatures were lower and precipitation was higher at the high altitude sites. The vegetation did not differ significantly between the sites, although sites at low altitudes were shrubbier than those at high altitudes. Analysis of the soil seed bank revealed high mean densities of germinable seed (80 to 1400 seeds m-2) across the gradient of sites. The similarity between the seed bank samples and the standing vegetation was low (qualitative similarity: 0.08 to 0.2; quantitative similarity: 0.03 to 0.19). In laboratory germination experiments, I found rapid and substantial germination. Final percent germination was above 90% for most species. One species, Aciphylla glacialis, showed evidence of dormancy mechanisms. In subsequent experiments, I found that innate primary seed dormancy in this species could be broken with cold-wet stratification. There were no significant patterns in natural seedling recruitment across the altitudinal gradient. Similarities between the seedling flora and the standing vegetation were low (qualitative similarity: 0.18 to 0.45: quantitative similarity 0.04 to 0.09). Mean seedling density was best predicted by a combination of soil wilting point, altitude and plant litter. In some cases, seedling density was greater than 80 seedlings m-2. The relative importance of either negative (competitive) or positive (facilitative) interactions between seedlings with adjacent vegetation were investigated in relation to seed germination, seedling growth and seedling survival. Facilitative interactions were common at the higher altitude sites. At lower altitudes, facilitative and competitive interactions were common. Without close neighbours at high altitudes, seedlings were unlikely to survive into their second year. An understanding of plant recruitment can provide a useful basis for predicting species responses to large-scale disturbance and climate change.

Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-276).
What kind of economic development trajectory can be expected in cosmopolitan cities that display a high degree of cultural, religious, ethnic and social diversity? Much can be gleaned from examining defined periods in their history that show a rapid transition in religious/cultural and socio-economic terms. Cape Town, a city that prides itself on its deeply rooted diversity and hybridity, and aspires to global status as a creative urban hub after having emerged from the rigidities of apartheid, appears not to be able to manage a breakthrough to sustained long-term development. An examination of the city's transformational period during the early decades of the nineteenth century may explain why this is so. Competitive diversity in religion, culture and business provided the template for a highly individualised development path with a short time horizon. This work uses the analytical tools of human development theory, cultural value analysis, the linkages between religion and economics, rational choice theory, urban development studies, and the study of identity formation and creolisation to construct a lens for the review of religious and socio-economic discourse in Cape Town during the first half of the nineteenth century.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Womens Studies, 1995.
"Master's Minor Thesis" [i.e. Dissertation submitted at the University of Adelaide for part of the degree of Master of Arts (Womens Studies)]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-89).

This research investigates how the nature and scope of vocational education and training (VET) in Victoria has changed as a result of legislation passed in 1990 to enable privately owned Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) to provide government accredited training. An interpretive paradigm and multiple data gathering techniques have been applied. These included the examination of primary historical and economic documents which demonstrated why the VET system changed in Australia and quantifiable statistics which illustrated how the system changed over the period covered; from 1990/1 to 2002/3. Semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 21 RTOs assisted in exploring the impact of the entry of privately owned RTOs into the Victorian training market. The wide experience and in-depth knowledge of the VET sector by the researcher acted as an underpinning device. The evidence from my interviews illustrated how the privately owned RTOs in my sample provided relevant, customised and contextualised training, differentiated their services to ensure they met client needs, responded rapidly to changes in demand and exhibited considerable adaptability in their arrangements for training delivery. This adaptability extended, amongst other things, to the location, timing and mode of delivery. It became apparent that the increased diversity found, had unintended consequences. These included an increase in the perceived complexity of the VET sector for those working within it and adversely affecting the extent to which national consistency has been achieved.

The cumulative installed capacity of solar PV in Australia is around 145 MW peak. As at July 2009, around 41,000 homes across Australia have solar PV installed. The overall penetration of solar PV increased rapidly (by almost 60%) from 2002 to 2008.3 This dissertation examines the market forces, emerging industry structure and future prospects for value creation and competitive advantage for solar power photovoltaic (PV) businesses in Victoria.

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No esporte competitivo a busca da vitória parece exigir dos atletas certo grau de "imoralidade". Simulações e faltas provocadas intencionalmente, bem como provocações e mesmo agressões não são exatamente raras em esportes coletivos; em esportes individuais, o doping é um exemplo bem conhecido. Seriam esses comportamentos inerentes à prática do esporte? Estudos recentes mostram, por outro lado, que tais condutas dependem de certa anulação ou bloqueio dos mecanismos empáticos em nosso cérebro. Ao que parece, para que haja uma "vontade de vencer", é preciso menos empatia do que a moralidade exige. Contudo, sentimentos empáticos são condições fundamentais para que haja comportamentos morais adequados. Por outro lado, para que a competição aconteça é necessário que se manifeste uma vontade de vencer naqueles que estão competindo. Isso representa um problema para pensar a ética no esporte, visto que a vontade de vencer pode tornar-se uma paixão desimpedida. Neste trabalho, assume-se que somos seres morais e empáticos por natureza, mas que a empatia pode ser desenvolvida ou reprimida por uma série de contingências. Por outro lado, assumimos também que a vontade de vencer é uma dessas contingências, sendo inerente à competição. Assim, o que pode ou não acontecer durante um jogo parece estar diretamente relacionado à relevância do resultado e suas consequências. Conjugar empatia e vontade de vencer significa, portanto, conjugar variáveis morais eventualmente opostas, ambas, porém, necessárias para que o próprio esporte exista. Nesta tese, argumentarei que, durante uma competição, é inevitável que os atletas expressem sentimentos conflitantes e que há uma tensão inerente ao esporte entre a vontade de vencer e a empatia. Esses dois impulsos estão sempre presentes no esporte, pois eles representam, de um lado, o desejo do desportista em obter sucesso e, de outro, o desejo de respeitar o adversário, a fim de garantir uma competição justa. Combinar esses dois recursos sem fazer com que eles sejam anulados é talvez o maior valor do esporte competitivo. Como conclusão, defenderei, em termos metaéticos, que o exemplo do esporte mostra que uma concepção pluralista sobre os valores está mais próxima da verdade do que uma concepção monista.
In competitive sport, the pursuit of victory seems to require athletes a degree of "immorality." Intentional simulations and fouls, as well as provocations and even aggressions are not exactly rare in collective sports; in individual sports, doping is a well-known example. Are these behaviors inherent in the practice of sports? Recent studies show, on the other hand, that such behaviors depend on a certain nullification or blockage of the empathic mechanisms in our brain. It seems that a "will to win" requires less empathy than morality requires. However, empathic feelings are fundamental conditions for appropriate moral behavior. On the other hand, for the competition to happen it is necessary that a will to win be manifest in those who are competing. This presents a problem for thinking about sport ethics, since the will to win can become a passion unimpeded. In this work, it is assumed that we are moral and empathetic beings by nature, but that empathy can be developed or repressed by a series of contingencies. On the other hand, we also assume that the will to win is one of those contingencies, being inherent in competition. Thus, what may or may not happen during a game seems to be directly related to the relevance of the result and its consequences. Hence, to conjugate empathy and the will to win means to conjugate moral variables eventually opposed, since both of them are necessary for the sport itself to exist. In this thesis, I will argue that, during a competition, it is inevitable that athletes express conflicting feelings and that there is an inherent tension in the sport between the will to win and empathy. These two impulses are always present in the sport, since they represent, on the one hand, the desire of the sportsman to be successful and, on the other, the desire to respect the adversary, in order to guarantee a fair competition. Combining these two features without making them void is perhaps the greatest value of competitive sport. In conclusion, I will argue metaethically that the sport example shows that a pluralist conception of values is closer to truth than a monistic conception.

Ce travail a interrogé les relations entre la victoire, la récompense et le vainqueur, dans les concours sportifs, en Grèce ancienne, du VIIIe s. av. J.-C. jusqu’à la prise de Corinthe par Mummius. Durant tous ces siècles, les concours, les récompenses et la place du vainqueur dans la cité ont connu des évolutions. Outre l’augmentation du nombre de rencontres et la constitution de la période, les récompenses ont aussi varié tant dans leur nature que dans leur signification. Nous avons étudié les rapports entre les trois termes de notre sujet selon trois perspectives : établir la victoire pour proclamer le vainqueur. Différents moyens sont alors lentement expérimentés, de la constitution d’un jury à l’équipement des lieux et à l’autopsis de la victoire, en passant par l’ouverture de nouvelles épreuves et catégories, tant humaines qu’animales. Puis comment la récompense et sa remise transforment l’athlète vainqueur sur le lieu même de son succès. A la cérémonie de proclamation et de couronnement dans le sanctuaire succèdent, dans un temps plus ou moins long, la mise en image et en mots. La victoire acquise et affirmée, la récompense reçue lui confèrent alors un statut nouveau et peuvent donner lieu à un enrichissement personnel. Dans une troisième partie nous avons analysé la relation entre l’athlète vainqueur et la cité de ses pères, selon trois axes : le premier met en évidence la rivalité entre certaines cités pour obtenir la gloire d’une proclamation. Le retour de l’athlète donne lieu à des cérémonies variées selon qu’elles sont familiales ou civiques. Enfin, nous avons confronté l’image négative transmise par certaines de nos sources à la carrière de quelques vainqueurs
This PhD assessed the relations between victory, reward and victor in sport contests, both athletics and equestrianism, in Ancient Greece, from the 8.th century B.C. to the seizure of Corinth by Mummius. During all these centuries, increasing numbers of contests and rewards developed modifying the victor’s position in the city. By the way, cities organizing new contests, the « periodos » was established (the circuit of the Big Four Contests,) and the kind of rewards moved on the one hand to crowns and on the other to prizes. At the same time, the meaning of reward changed. We first examined the links between the three terms from three standpoints : first, reward and victor mean that victory in a contest is publicly set. Various means have been slowly tested to assert it, from building up the jury to sports facilities and victory autopsis, including new age groups or events, for humans as well as animals. Then we studied how reward and prize-giving change the athlete’s position on the spot of his victory. After he has been proclaimed and crowned in the sanctuary of the contests, the victor might publicly be praised or portrayed, even later on. Victory and reward gained give him a new position and could make him richer

In this thesis I present new insights into aspects of Peter Guthrie Tait's life and work, derived principally from largely-unexplored primary source material: Tait's scrapbook, the Tait–Maxwell school-book and Tait's pocket notebook. By way of associated historical insights, I also come to discuss the innovative and far-reaching mathematics of the elusive Frenchman, C.-V. Mourey. P. G. Tait (1831–1901) F.R.S.E., Professor of Mathematics at the Queen's College, Belfast (1854–1860) and of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh (1860–1901), was one of the leading physicists and mathematicians in Europe in the nineteenth century. His expertise encompassed the breadth of physical science and mathematics. However, since the nineteenth century he has been unfortunately overlooked—overshadowed, perhaps, by the brilliance of his personal friends, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), Sir William Rowan Hamilton (1805–1865) and William Thomson (1824–1907), later Lord Kelvin. Here I present the results of extensive research into the Tait family history. I explore the spiritual aspect of Tait's life in connection with The Unseen Universe (1875) which Tait co-authored with Balfour Stewart (1828–1887). I also reveal Tait's surprising involvement in statistics and give an account of his introduction to complex numbers, as a schoolboy at the Edinburgh Academy. A highlight of the thesis is a re-evaluation of C.-V. Mourey's 1828 work, La Vraie Théorie des quantités négatives et des quantités prétendues imaginaires, which I consider from the perspective of algebraic reform. The thesis also contains: (i) a transcription of an unpublished paper by Hamilton on the fundamental theorem of algebra which was inspired by Mourey and (ii) new biographical information on Mourey.

Impacts of ecological competition are reduced when organisms play different roles in their environment. More individuals can survive on varied but finite sets of resources when organisms eat different kinds of prey, live in different places, or are active at different times. Species within an assemblage of small fossorial snakes have ecologies that vary mostly by diet. Different species eat very different things. Species live in different habitats on sand ridges, but the differences are less dramatic than in diet. Disparity in resource use typically varies the most according to species, so that individuals of the same species are more similar to each other than they are to individuals of other species. However, variation exists in resource use within species over time and space. Wide variation exists in dietary resource use in four well-sampled species of comb-eared skinks. However, where species occur at the same study site there are clear distinctions in resource use between species despite the wide variation in diets observed between individuals of the same species. Additionally, strict ecological distances in diet between species are maintained during five censuses that were conducted over a 16-year period. These results illustrate the basic ecological principals of fundamental and realized niches. Here, individuals ate many different food items and species have the potential to overlap in diet but that overlap is reduced because of realized ecological boundaries between species within a single place and time, which result in decreased competition for resources.
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Increasing exploitation of pelagic fish populations worldwide has often resulted in overfishing and the collapse of commercial fisheries and associated serious declines in many marine predator populations, including seabirds. These events highlight the competing demands for limited marine resources. Recent emphasis for the ecologically sustainable management of commercial fisheries has stimulated attempts to manage fisheries by incorporating knowledge of trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning, known as ecosystem-based fisheries management. Seabirds are often highly visible, wide-ranging upper trophic level consumers that aggregate in areas of increased ocean productivity and therefore be used as natural monitors of marine environmental conditions. Further, many seabirds commonly fed on commercially-exploited fish stocks (often targeting prey of similar size). In this study, the population dynamics of Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, is investigated and competition between gannets and commercial fisheries is determined. In addition, the potential use of seabird reproductive and population parameters as indicators of the abundance of commercially exploited fish stocks, and pelagic conditions generally, is assessed.

A central feature of public sector reform in Australia in the past decade or so has been the introduction of competition into service markets that were previously monopolised by public agencies. The adoption of more competitive strategies by these agencies has usually been accompanied by changes in their organisational culture - found in their structures, modes of operation and in internal and external relationships, as well as in the underlying values orientation of the organisation. The introduction of compulsory competitive tendering (CCT) in local government in the state of Victoria reflected criticisms of the performance of traditional local government bureaucracies and a determination by the state government to secure a change in local government culture. This study investigates the impact of CCT on local authorities in Victoria, and explores the changes to organisational culture that have occurred. It assesses the extent to which the changes are consistent with a 'post-bureaucratic' conception of public organisations. The study presents evidence that cultural change has occurred in Victorian local authorities, particularly in the establishment of new organisation structures, a more entrepreneurial or outward focused orientation, and the development of more market focused and customer oriented service delivery systems. While cultural changes may not have progressed as far as intended by the Victorian government, they represent a more radical approach to local government reform than in other Australian states - so radical that they present a serious challenge to long-held views of the role of local government in the community. The thesis reveals that the new competitive environment may itself generate new problems such as transactions costs and erosion of trust within local councils and enables senior managers to assert stronger control over the council. It is this control, together with the technocratic or top-down approach to reform taken by the state government, which has constrained the development of model post-bureaucratic local government organisations in Victoria. In particular, it seems that senior managers are more intent on reshaping their organisations than in encouraging the greater market responsiveness anticipated in the post-bureaucratic model.

The place of women in transport planning and development has been marginal if not invisible. This has resulted in a lack of recognition of their needs and of the distributional impacts that current transport policy and directions have on women. It has also led to limited attention being paid to women and women's experiences in their use of both cars and public transport: their travel patterns and mobility issues remain largely unexplored. In addition, the current policy environment of privatisation and competition in the transport arena contributes to the exacerbation of women's disadvantaged status, and does little to encourage gender sensitivity in transport policies and practice. The thesis explores these issues with particular reference to the travel experiences of fifteen different w o m e n living in various parts of Melbourne and Victoria. It also uses material collected from a number of transport policy makers and service providers to ascertain the dimensions of the new competitive environment.

Little published information is available on the levels of soil nutrients and soil moisture on remnants of native (Basalt Plains) grasslands. This study investigated the association of soil nutrients and moisture with stands of the native grass Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass) and the noxious weed Nassella trichotoma (Serrated Tussock). Both mature and immature (i.e. recently burnt) stands of T. triandra and N. trichotoma were investigated, on disturbed and undisturbed soil.