Academic literature on the topic 'Competition for order execution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Competition for order execution"
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Lerner, Peter. "Patience vs. impatience of traders: Formation of the value-at-price distribution through competition for liquidity." International Journal of Financial Engineering 02, no. 03 (September 2015): 1550029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786315500292.
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The ability to postpone one's execution in the market without penalty in search of a better price is an important strategic advantage in high-frequency trading. To elucidate competition between traders one has to formulate to a quantitative theory of formation of the execution price from market expectations and quotes. Equilibrium theory was provided in 2005 by Foucault, Kadan and Kandel. I derive an asymptotic distribution of the bids/offers as a function of the ratio of patient and impatient traders using the dynamic version of the Foucault, Kadan and Kandel limit order book (LOB) model. Our version of the LOB model allows stylized, but sufficiently realistic representation of the trading markets. In particular, dynamic LOB allows simulation of the distribution of execution times and spreads from high-frequency quotes. Significant analytic progress is made toward framing of short-term trading as competition for immediacy of execution between traders under imperfect information. The results are qualitatively compared with empirical volume-at-price distribution of highly liquid stocks.
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Younus, Muhammad, Yong Yu, Hu Lu, and Yu Qing Fan. "Study and Execution of Advanced Batch Production Planning System for an Aerospace Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.748.
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Modern manufacturing industries are increasingly faced with international competition and fluctuating market conditions in the age of globalization. In striving to remain competitive, manufacturing industries must deliver products to customer at the lowest cost, at the best quality and in the minimum lead time. As a result, it becomes mandatory to design and implement the advance production planning and scheduling system that supports shorter product cycles despite more complex and specialized manufacturing processes. The advance production planning and scheduling system provides the leaner production strategies and real time information throughout the industry. This paper presents an appropriate Advance Production Planning and Scheduling Software System for a batch production aerospace manufacturing industry. The Software system receive the customer‘s order and perform material requirement planning using software. The software system sends procurement requisition to the procurement department for the materials which is not available in the store for manufacturing of parts. It issues release order to the store section for the issuance of material to the manufacturing shops. It also issues weekly and daily plan with production schedule to the manufacturing shops. It also issues work orders to the production shops for the manufacturing and assembly of the parts. On the completion of the product assembly, proper closing of the work orders has to be done and product may deliver to the warehouse for further handing over to the customers. In case of modification of order by the customer, the Software System will automatically update the relevant data.
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Chung, Yi-Chan. "Study on Total Quality Management Activities in Taiwan Tourism Factories." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 8 (August 24, 2016): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i8.989.
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<p>As competition becomes increasingly fierce, how to integrate the concept of information technology involvement into total quality management activities and better serve the customers, thus increasing the effectiveness of their services, has become an important focus for many tourism factories in their selection of an appropriate operational strategy. With the tourism factories in Taiwan as the subjects, this study was therefore set out to investigate the impact of operational strategies, information technology involvement and motivation on the executive degree of total quality management (TQM) activities, as well as the correlation between the executive degree of TQM activities and operational performance. This research was conducted from March to April 2016 using 56 effective questionnaires through a questionnaire survey method. According to the research findings, the higher the executive degree of TQM activities was, the more significant a positive impact it would have on operational performance; the execution of differentiation strategies would have a positive impact on the execution of TQM activities; the more a company was involved in information technology, the more significant a positive impact it would have on the execution of TQM activities; the higher the intrinsic motivation was, the more significant a positive impact it would have on the executive degrees of TQM activities. It is therefore advisable for tourism factories to implement TQM activities, adopt differentiation strategies, seek greater information technology involvement and become more strongly motivated toward TQM implementation in order to improve operational performance. </p>
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Trofimovskaya, Alla V., and Anna A. Vershinina. "Qualitative Indicators of Procurement Efficiency in the Antitrust Compliance Mechanism." Journal of Modern Competition 16, no. 87 (June 30, 2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0657-2022-16-3-30-39.
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In order to increase the efficiency of the targeted distribution of budget funds, as well as to ensure the progressive economic and economic development of the Russian state, both in general and its regions and individual municipalities, improving the effectiveness of public procurement becomes one of the most important strategic tasks of the executive authorities involved in the planning and practical implementation of public procurement. The following hypothesis is put forward and confirmed in the article: the system of key performance indicators can be effectively applied in the budgetary sphere, namely, in state (municipal) procurement, including to improve the competitive environment. To confirm the hypothesis put forward, the article investigated regulations governing state and municipal procurement and competition, studied the stages of digitalization, and also developed a system of criteria for the effectiveness of the state and municipal procurement system. The purpose of the article is to offer indicators of the effectiveness of purchases that affect the competitive environment. The objectives of this article: to study the legislation of the Russian Federation in the area under consideration; review the level of digitalization in procurement and competition; to propose two sets of indicators. The result of the study is a system of performance indicators in conjunction with digitalization through a regional information unified automated procurement management system and a portal for contract execution, taking into account the centralization and harmonization of forms. The information basis of the study was statistical materials containing the disclosure of indicators of the state and municipal order system, as well as specialized Internet sites publishing materials on the legislation and practice of state and municipal procurement.
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Xu, Rui, Chao Chen, Siyao Lu, and Zhaoyu Li. "Autonomous Recovery from Spacecraft Plan Failures by Regulatory Repair While Retaining Operability." Aerospace 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010040.
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Pre-designed spacecraft plans suffer from failure due to the uncertain space environment. In this case, instead of spending a long time waiting for ground control to upload a feasible plan in order to achieve the mission goals, the spacecraft could repair the failed plan while executing another part of the plan. This paper proposes a method called Isolation and Repair Plan Failures (IRPF) for a spaceship with durable, concurrent, and resource-dependent actions. To enable the spacecraft to perform some actions when a plan fails, IRPF separates all defective actions from executable actions in the pre-designed plan according to causal analysis between the failure state and the established plan. Then, to address the competition between operation and repair during the partial execution of the plan, IRPF sets up several regulatory factors associated with the search process for a solution, and then repairs the broken plan within the limits of these factors. Experiments were carried out in simulations of a satellite and a multi-rover system. The results demonstrate that, compared with replanning and other plan-repair methods, IRPF creates an execution plan more quickly and searches for a recovery plan with fewer explored state nodes in a shorter period of time.
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Kvarnström, Jonas. "Planning for Loosely Coupled Agents Using Partial Order Forward-Chaining." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 21 (March 22, 2011): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v21i1.13462.
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We investigate a hybrid between temporal partial-order and forward-chaining planning where each action in a partially ordered plan is associated with a partially defined state. The focus is on centralized planning for multi-agent domains and on loose commitment to the precedence between actions belonging to distinct agents, leading to execution schedules that are flexible where it matters the most. Each agent, on the other hand, has a sequential thread of execution reminiscent of forward-chaining. This results in strong and informative agent-specific partial states that can be used for partial evaluation of preconditions as well as precondition control formulas used as guidance. Empirical evaluation shows the resulting planner to be competitive with TLplan and TALplanner, two other planners based on control formulas, while using a considerably more expressive and flexible plan structure.
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Zhao, Hong Wei, Yi Ming Qi, Dong Zhao, and Shi Hui Pei. "Research on Cooperation Mechanism of Multi-Agent Grinding Control System Based on Blackboard Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 2469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.2469.
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In order to solve the complex industrial control problems in grinding control,we construct multi-agent grinding control system based on the blackboard model in this paper. Through the study on the structure and control mechanism of the blackboard model, we design a framework for blackboard model in multi-agent grinding control system, divide and introduce the function model of the blackboard in detail, establish blackboard control agent to control and coordinate how the individual agent takes use of the blackboard resources centralizedly.Aiming at actual situations of the grinding control,we put forward cooperation mechanism multi-agent based on a combination of tasks sharing and results sharing, establish control decision agent to solve the conflict caused by multi-agent cooperation. The cooperation mechanism multi-agent grinding control system improves the execution ability of the individual agent, avoids the conflict caused by different goals and the competition of resources, ensures the coordinated executive of multiple tasks.
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Ieda, Masashi. "A dynamic optimal execution strategy under stochastic price recovery." International Journal of Financial Engineering 02, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424786315500255.
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In the present paper, we study the optimal execution problem under stochastic price recovery based on limit order book dynamics. We model price recovery after execution of a large order by accelerating the arrival of the refilling order, which is defined as a Cox process whose intensity increases by the degree of the market impact. We include not only the market order, but also the limit order in our strategy in a restricted fashion. We formulate the problem as a combined stochastic control problem over a finite time horizon. The corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman quasi-variational inequality is solved numerically. The optimal strategy obtained consists of three components: (i) the initial large trade; (ii) the unscheduled small trades during the period; (iii) the terminal large trade. The size and timing of the trade is governed by the tolerance for market impact depending on the state at each time step, and hence the strategy behaves dynamically. We also provide competitive results due to inclusion of the limit order, even though a limit order is allowed under conservative evaluation of the execution price.
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Martyniszyn, Marek. "Legislation Blocking Antitrust Investigations and the September 2012 Russian Executive Order." World Competition 37, Issue 1 (March 1, 2014): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2014006.
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This article offers a typology of so-called blocking legislation and analyses its development, functions and legality under international law. It also presents and discusses the new Russian blocking Order, issued in September 2012, focusing on its possible effects on the European Commission's investigation of Gazprom's business practices (in light of EU competition law) as well as, more broadly, on foreign operations of Russian strategic enterprises.
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Banihashemi, Sayyid Ali, Mohammad Khalilzadeh, Jurgita Antucheviciene, and Jonas Šaparauskas. "Trading off Time–Cost–Quality in Construction Project Scheduling Problems with Fuzzy SWARA–TOPSIS Approach." Buildings 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090387.
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The increasing number of construction projects together with the limited resources of organizations led to tough competition for achieving project goals. Time, cost, and quality have been known as the project iron triangle. Project managers attempt to allocate the appropriate resources and make the best decisions for accomplishing projects with the shortest durations, lowest costs, and the highest quality. No study has examined the time–cost–quality trade-off problem with decision-making approaches. In this study, the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are exploited to choose the best mode for performing each activity. For this purpose, the SWARA method is applied to determine the importance weights of time, cost, and quality. In addition, the TOPSIS (Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique is used to rank and select the best activity execution modes. The proposed model is implemented on two medium- and large-size construction projects to evaluate its efficiency. Several execution modes with fuzzy duration, cost, and quality are considered for each project activity. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted taking three different conditions into account: the shortest duration of the execution modes, the lowest cost of the execution modes, and the highest quality of execution modes for each activity. The solution of each trade-off is compared with the solution obtained from the fuzzy SWARA–TOPSIS method. The schedule is developed according to the best execution mode for each project activity. The obtained results in two different construction projects show significant improvements in the overall project objectives so that the projects can be completed in fewer durations and costs along with higher quality. Because of the higher importance of cost, the cost of each activity is closer to the lowest cost. The activity duration is also closer to the most likely duration, and quality is closer to the high-quality level. The application of this approach can create new opportunities for research and knowledge development in the field of construction project scheduling.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Competition for order execution"
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Blazejewski, Adam. "Computational Models for Stock Market Order Submissions." Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/923.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThe motivation for the research presented in this thesis stems from the recent availability of high frequency limit order book data, relative scarcity of studies employing such data, economic significance of transaction costs management, and a perceived potential of data mining for uncovering patterns and relationships not identified by the traditional top-down modelling approach. We analyse and build computational models for order submissions on the Australian Stock Exchange, an order-driven market with a public electronic limit order book. The focus of the thesis is on the trade implementation problem faced by a trader who wants to transact a buy or sell order of a certain size. We use two approaches to build our models, top-down and bottom-up. The traditional, top-down approach is applied to develop an optimal order submission plan for an order which is too large to be traded immediately without a prohibitive price impact. We present an optimisation framework and some solutions for non-stationary and non-linear price impact and price impact risk. We find that our proposed transaction costs model produces fairly good forecasts of the variance of the execution shortfall. The second, bottom-up, or data mining, approach is employed for trade sign inference, where trade sign is defined as the side which initiates both a trade and the market order that triggered the trade. We are interested in an endogenous component of the order flow, as evidenced by the predictable relationship between trade sign and the variables used to infer it. We want to discover the rules which govern the trade sign, and establish a connection between them and two empirically observed regularities in market order submissions, competition for order execution and transaction cost minimisation. To achieve the above aims we first use exploratory analysis of trade and limit order book data. In particular, we conduct unsupervised clustering with the self-organising map technique. The visualisation of the transformed data reveals that buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades form two distinct clusters. We then propose a local non-parametric trade sign inference model based on the k-nearest-neighbour classifier. The best k-nearest-neighbour classifier constructed by us requires only three predictor variables and achieves an average out-of-sample accuracy of 71.40% (SD=4.01%)1, across all of the tested stocks. The best set of predictor variables found for the non-parametric model is subsequently used to develop a piecewise linear trade sign model. That model proves superior to the k-nearest-neighbour classifier, and achieves an average out-of-sample classification accuracy of 74.38% (SD=4.25%). The result is statistically significant, after adjusting for multiple comparisons. The overall classification performance of the piecewise linear model indicates a strong dependence between trade sign and the three predictor variables, and provides evidence for the endogenous component in the order flow. Moreover, the rules for trade sign classification derived from the structure of the piecewise linear model reflect the two regularities observed in market order submissions, competition for order execution and transaction cost minimisation, and offer new insights into the relationship between them. The obtained results confirm the applicability and relevance of data mining for the analysis and modelling of stock market order submissions.
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Blazejewski, Adam. "Computational Models for Stock Market Order Submissions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/923.
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The motivation for the research presented in this thesis stems from the recent availability of high frequency limit order book data, relative scarcity of studies employing such data, economic significance of transaction costs management, and a perceived potential of data mining for uncovering patterns and relationships not identified by the traditional top-down modelling approach. We analyse and build computational models for order submissions on the Australian Stock Exchange, an order-driven market with a public electronic limit order book. The focus of the thesis is on the trade implementation problem faced by a trader who wants to transact a buy or sell order of a certain size. We use two approaches to build our models, top-down and bottom-up. The traditional, top-down approach is applied to develop an optimal order submission plan for an order which is too large to be traded immediately without a prohibitive price impact. We present an optimisation framework and some solutions for non-stationary and non-linear price impact and price impact risk. We find that our proposed transaction costs model produces fairly good forecasts of the variance of the execution shortfall. The second, bottom-up, or data mining, approach is employed for trade sign inference, where trade sign is defined as the side which initiates both a trade and the market order that triggered the trade. We are interested in an endogenous component of the order flow, as evidenced by the predictable relationship between trade sign and the variables used to infer it. We want to discover the rules which govern the trade sign, and establish a connection between them and two empirically observed regularities in market order submissions, competition for order execution and transaction cost minimisation. To achieve the above aims we first use exploratory analysis of trade and limit order book data. In particular, we conduct unsupervised clustering with the self-organising map technique. The visualisation of the transformed data reveals that buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades form two distinct clusters. We then propose a local non-parametric trade sign inference model based on the k-nearest-neighbour classifier. The best k-nearest-neighbour classifier constructed by us requires only three predictor variables and achieves an average out-of-sample accuracy of 71.40% (SD=4.01%)1, across all of the tested stocks. The best set of predictor variables found for the non-parametric model is subsequently used to develop a piecewise linear trade sign model. That model proves superior to the k-nearest-neighbour classifier, and achieves an average out-of-sample classification accuracy of 74.38% (SD=4.25%). The result is statistically significant, after adjusting for multiple comparisons. The overall classification performance of the piecewise linear model indicates a strong dependence between trade sign and the three predictor variables, and provides evidence for the endogenous component in the order flow. Moreover, the rules for trade sign classification derived from the structure of the piecewise linear model reflect the two regularities observed in market order submissions, competition for order execution and transaction cost minimisation, and offer new insights into the relationship between them. The obtained results confirm the applicability and relevance of data mining for the analysis and modelling of stock market order submissions.
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Hu, Robert. "Optimal Order Execution using Stochastic Control and Reinforcement Learning." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192211.
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In this thesis an attempt is made to find the optimal order execution policy that maximizes the reward from trading financial instruments. The optimal policies are found us-ing a Markov Decision Process that is build using a state space model and the Bellman equation. Since there is not an explicit formula for state space dynamics, simulations on historical data are made instead to find the state transition probabilities and the rewards associated with each state and control. The optimal policy is then generated from the Bellman equation and tested against naive policies on out-of-sample data. This thesis also attempts to model the notion of market impact and test whether the Markov Deci-sion Process is still viable under the imposed assumptions. Lastly, there is also an attempt to estimate the value func-tion using various techniques from Reinforcement Learning. It turns out that naive strategies are superior when market impact is not present and when market impact is modeled as a direct penalty on reward. The Markov Decision Pro-cess is superior with market impact when it is modeled as having an impact on simulations, although some results suggest that the market impact model is not consistent for all types of instruments. Further, approximating the value function yields results that are inferior to the Markov Deci-sion Process, but interestingly the method exhibits an im-provement in performance if the estimated value function is trained before it is tested.I denna uppsats görs ett försök att hitta den optimala order exekverings strategi som maximerar vinsten från att handla finansiella instrument. Den optimala strategin hittas genom att använda en Markov beslutsprocess som är byggd på en tillståndsmodell och Bellman ekvationen. Eftersom det in-te finns en explicit formel för tillstånds dynamiken, görs istället simuleringar på historiska data för att uppskatta transitionssannolikheterna och vinsten associerad med var-je tillstånd och styrsignal. Den optimala strategin genereras sedan från Bellman ekvationen och testas mot naiva stra-tegier på test data. Det görs även ett försök att modellera marknads påverkan för att testa om Markov beslutsproces-ser fortfarande är gångbara under antagandena som görs. Slutligen görs även ett försök på att estimera värdesfunk-tionen med olika tekniker från ”Reinforcement Learning”. Det visar sig att naiva strategier är överlägsna när mark-nads påverkan inte inkorporeras och när marknads påver-kan modelleras som ett stra˙ på vinsten. Markov besluts-processer är överlägsna när marknads påverkan modelleras som direkta påverkningar på simuleringarna, men några av resultaten påvisar att modellen inte är konsistent för alla typer av instrument. Slutligen, så ger approximation av vär-desfunktionen sämre resultat än Markov beslutsprocesser, men intressant nog påvisar metoden en förbättring i pre-standa om den estimerade värdesfunktionen tränas innan den testas.
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Quiñones, Moreno Eduardo. "Predicated execution and register windows for out-of-order processors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6023.
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ISA extensions are a very powerful approach to implement new hardware techniques that require or benefit from compiler support: decisions made at compile time can be complemented at runtime, achieving a synergistic effect between the compiler and the processor. This thesis is focused on two ISA extensions: predicate execution and register windows. Predicate execution is exploited by the if-conversion compiler technique. If-conversion removes control dependences by transforming them to data dependences, which helps to exploit ILP beyond a single basic-block. Register windows help to reduce the amount of loads and stores required to save and restore registers across procedure calls by storing multiple contexts into a large architectural register file.In-order processors specially benefit from using both ISA extensions to overcome the limitations that control dependences and memory hierarchy impose on static scheduling. Predicate execution allows to move control dependence instructions past branches. Register windows reduce the amount of memory operations across procedure calls. Although if-conversion and register windows techniques have not been exclusively developed for in-order processors, their use for out-of-order processors has been studied very little. In this thesis we show that the uses of if-conversion and register windows introduce new performance opportunities and new challenges to face in out-of-order processors.
The use of if-conversion in out-of-order processors helps to eliminate hard-to-predict branches, alleviating the severe performance penalties caused by branch mispredictions. However, the removal of some conditional branches by if-conversion may adversely affect the predictability of the remaining branches, because it may reduce the amount of correlation information available to the branch predictor. Moreover, predicate execution in out-of-order processors has to deal with two performance issues. First, multiple definitions of the same logical register can be merged into a single control flow, where each definition is guarded with a different predicate. Second, instructions whose guarding predicate evaluates to false consume unnecessary resources. This thesis proposes a branch prediction scheme based on predicate prediction that solves the three problems mentioned above. This scheme, which is built on top of a predicated ISA that implement a compare-and-branch model such as the one considered in this thesis, has two advantages: First, the branch accuracy is improved because the correlation information is not lost after if-conversion and the mechanism we propose permits using the computed value of the branch predicate when available, achieving 100% of accuracy. Second it avoids the predicate out-of-order execution problems.
Regarding register windows, we propose a mechanism that reduces physical register requirements of an out-of-order processor to the bare minimum with almost no performance loss. The mechanism is based on identifying which architectural registers are in use by current in-flight instructions. The registers which are not in use, i.e. there is no in-flight instruction that references them, can be early released.
In this thesis we propose a very efficient and low-cost hardware implementation of predicate execution and register windows that provide important benefits to out-of-order processors.
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Sanja, Lončar. "Negative Selection - An Absolute Measure of Arbitrary Algorithmic Order Execution." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104861&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Algorithmic trading is an automated process of order execution on electronic stock markets. It can be applied to a broad range of financial instruments, and it is characterized by a signicant investors' control over the execution of his/her orders, with the principal goal of finding the right balance between costs and risk of not (fully) executing an order. As the measurement of execution performance gives information whether best execution is achieved, a signicant number of diffeerent benchmarks is used in practice. The most frequently used are price benchmarks, where some of them are determined before trading (Pre-trade benchmarks), some during the trading day (In-traday benchmarks), and some are determined after the trade (Post-trade benchmarks). The two most dominant are VWAP and Arrival Price, which is along with other pre-trade price benchmarks known as the Implementation Shortfall (IS).We introduce Negative Selection as a posteriori measure of the execution algorithm performance. It is based on the concept of Optimal Placement, which represents the ideal order that could be executed in a given time win-dow, where the notion of ideal means that it is an order with the best execution price considering market conditions during the time window. Negative Selection is dened as a difference between vectors of optimal and executed orders, with vectors dened as a quantity of shares at specied price positionsin the order book. It is equal to zero when the order is optimally executed; negative if the order is not (completely) filled, and positive if the order is executed but at an unfavorable price.Negative Selection is based on the idea to offer a new, alternative performance measure, which will enable us to find the optimal trajectories and construct optimal execution of an order.The first chapter of the thesis includes a list of notation and an overview of denitions and theorems that will be used further in the thesis. Chapters 2 and 3 follow with a theoretical overview of concepts related to market microstructure, basic information regarding benchmarks, and theoretical background of algorithmic trading. Original results are presented in chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 4 includes a construction of optimal placement, definition and properties of Negative Selection. The results regarding the properties of a Negative Selection are given in [35]. Chapter 5 contains the theoretical background for stochastic optimization, a model of the optimal execution formulated as a stochastic optimization problem with regard to Negative Selection, as well as original work on nonmonotone line search method [31], while numerical results are in the last, 6th chapter.Algoritamsko trgovanje je automatizovani proces izvršavanja naloga na elektronskim berzama. Može se primeniti na širok spektar nansijskih instrumenata kojima se trguje na berzi i karakteriše ga značajna kontrola investitora nad izvršavanjem njegovih naloga, pri čemu se teži nalaženju pravog balansa izmedu troška i rizika u vezi sa izvršenjem naloga. S ozirom da se merenjem performasi izvršenja naloga određuje da li je postignuto najbolje izvršenje, u praksi postoji značajan broj različitih pokazatelja. Najčešće su to pokazatelji cena, neki od njih se određuju pre trgovanja (eng. Pre-trade), neki u toku trgovanja (eng. Intraday), a neki nakon trgovanja (eng. Post-trade). Dva najdominantnija pokazatelja cena su VWAP i Arrival Price koji je zajedno sa ostalim "pre-trade" pokazateljima cena poznat kao Implementation shortfall (IS).Pojam negative selekcije se uvodi kao "post-trade" mera performansi algoritama izvršenja, polazeći od pojma optimalnog naloga, koji predstavlja idealni nalog koji se mogao izvrsiti u datom vremenskom intervalu, pri ćemu se pod pojmom "idealni" podrazumeva nalog kojim se postiže najbolja cena u tržišnim uslovima koji su vladali u toku tog vremenskog intervala. Negativna selekcija se definiše kao razlika vektora optimalnog i izvršenog naloga, pri čemu su vektori naloga defisani kao količine akcija na odgovarajućim pozicijama cena knjige naloga. Ona je jednaka nuli kada je nalog optimalno izvršen; negativna, ako nalog nije (u potpunosti) izvršen, a pozitivna ako je nalog izvršen, ali po nepovoljnoj ceni.Uvođenje mere negativne selekcije zasnovano je na ideji da se ponudi nova, alternativna, mera performansi i da se u odnosu na nju nađe optimalna trajektorija i konstruiše optimalno izvršenje naloga.U prvom poglavlju teze dati su lista notacija kao i pregled definicija i teorema neophodnih za izlaganje materije. Poglavlja 2 i 3 bave se teorijskim pregledom pojmova i literature u vezi sa mikrostrukturom tržišta, pokazateljima trgovanja i algoritamskim trgovanjem. Originalni rezultati su predstavljeni u 4. i 5. poglavlju. Poglavlje 4 sadrži konstrukciju optimalnog naloga, definiciju i osobine negativne selekcije. Teorijski i praktični rezultati u vezi sa osobinama negativna selekcije dati su u [35]. Poglavlje 5 sadrži teorijske osnove stohastičke optimizacije, definiciju modela za optimalno izvršenje, kao i originalni rad u vezi sa metodom nemonotonog linijskog pretraživanja [31], dok 6. poglavlje sadrži empirijske rezultate.
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Yingsaeree, C. "Algorithmic trading : model of execution probability and order placement strategy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1359852/.
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Most equity and derivative exchanges around the world are nowadays organised as order-driven markets where market participants trade against each other without the help of market makers or other intermediaries as in quote-driven markets. In these markets, traders have a choice either to execute their trade immediately at the best available price by submitting market orders or to trade patiently by submitting limit orders to execute a trade at a more favourable price. Consequently, determining an appropriate order type and price for a particular trade is a fundamental problem faced everyday by all traders in such markets. On one hand, traders would prefer to place their orders far away from the current best price to increase their pay-offs. On the other hand, the farther away from the current best price the lower the chance that their orders will be executed. As a result, traders need to find a right trade-off between these two opposite choices to execute their trades effectively. Undoubtedly, one of the most important factors in valuing such trade-off is a model of execution probability as the expected profit of traders who decide to trade via limit orders is an increasing function of the execution probability. Although a model of execution probability is a crucial component for making this decision, the research into how to model this probability is still limited and requires further investigation. The objective of this research is, hence, to extend this literature by investigating various ways in which the execution probability can be modelled with the aim to find a suitable model for modelling this probability as well as a way to utilise these models to make order placement decisions in algorithmic trading systems. To achieve this, this thesis is separated into four main experiments: 1. The first experiment analyses the behaviour of previously proposed execution probability models in a controlled environment by using data generated from simulation models of order-driven markets with the aim to identify the advantage, disadvantage and limitation of each method. 2. The second experiment analyses the relationship between execution probabilities and price fluctuations as well as a method for predicting execution probabilities based on previous price fluctuations and other related variables. 3. The third experiment investigates a way to estimate the execution probability in the simulation model utilised in the first experiment without resorting to computer simulation by deriving a model for describing the dynamic of asset price in this simulation model and utilising the derived model to estimate the execution probability. 4. The final experiment assesses the performance of utilising the developed execution probability models when applying them to make order placement decisions for liquidity traders who must fill his order before some specific deadline. The experiments with previous models indicate that survival analysis is the most appropriate method for modelling the execution probability because of its ability to handle censored observations caused by unexecuted and cancelled orders. However, standard survival analysis models (i.e. the proportional hazards model and accelerated failure time model) are not flexible enough to model the effect of explanatory variables such as limit order price and bid-ask spread. Moreover, the amount of the data required to fit these models at several price levels simultaneously grows linearly with the number of price levels. This might cause a problem when we want to model the execution probability at all possible price levels. To amend this problem, the second experiment purposes to model the execution probability during a specified time horizon from the maximum price fluctuations during the specified period. This model not only reduces the amount of the data required to fit the model in such situation, but it also provides a natural way to apply traditional time series analysis techniques to model the execution probability. Additionally, it also enables us to empirically illustrate that future execution probabilities are strongly correlated to past execution probabilities. In the third experiment, we propose a framework to model the dynamic of asset price from the stochastic properties of order arrival and cancellation processes. This establishes the relationship between microscopic dynamic of the limit order book and a long-term dynamic of the asset price process. Unlike traditional methods that model asset price dynamic using one-dimensional stochastic process, the proposed framework models this dynamic using a two dimensional stochastic process where the additional dimension represents information about the last price change. Finally, the results from the last experiment indicate that the proposed framework for making order placement decision based on the developed execution probability model outperform naive order placement strategy and the best static strategy in most situations.
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Fruth, Antje [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Bank. "Optimal order execution with stochastic liquidity / Antje Fruth. Betreuer: Peter Bank." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014946697/34.
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Kritchanchai, Duangpun. "Responsiveness of order fulfillment processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326547.
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Asakura, Koichi, Toyohide Watanabe, and Noboru Sugie. "An execution order control method of distributed processes for sharing global variables." IEEE, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6927.
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Liu, Yubo. "Essays on institutional trading and order flow competition in equity markets." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12826.
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This dissertation examines order flow competition and institutional trading in modern global financial markets. It consists of three essays addressing issues on the performance drivers of an alternative trading platform, the impact of HFT activity on institutional execution cost, and broker trading behaviour and market share in the primary market. The empirical findings in these essays provide valuable insights into a number of market participants, such as sophisticated and institutional investors, brokers, regulators, exchange market operators and academics. The first essay, presented in Chapter 4, examines the determinants of Chi-X’s market share in a global context. The introduction of alternative trading venues that compete with listing exchanges has been brought about by regulatory reform and technological advances over the past decade. This essay is the first study into the performance drivers of a prominent alterative trading venue (Chi-X) in an international context. The findings in this essay contribute to the understanding of factors that influence a trader’s order routing decision and ultimately a venue’s market share. The results indicate that Chi-X's market share is negatively related to trading fees and latency relative to the primary exchange, while differences in adverse selection risk have an immaterial effect. Chi-X's market share is found to be positively related to liquidity relative to the primary exchange, measured by bid-ask spread, depth and percentage time that it displays best bid or offer. Venue market share is negatively related to order-to-trade ratio and positively related to average trade size, which suggests a trader’s preference to interact with natural and accessible liquidity. Furthermore, trading tends to concentrate on the primary exchange during market downturns and when volatility is high, while tick constraint stocks tend to trade more on Chi-X to avoid queuing at the touch on the primary exchange. Moreover, there is an improvement in market liquidity in regions where Chi-X was introduced during relatively normal market conditions. The second essay, presented in Chapter 5, examines the presence of High Frequency Trading (HFT) around large institutional trades and their price impact on NASDAQ and NYSE. The findings contribute to the understanding of HFT around institutional trades and its effect on realised execution costs. The focus on institutional price impact adds to the current literature around HFT's impact on conventional market quality metrics, such as spreads and depth, while addressing concerns that HFT adds to the difficulty of executing institutional orders, despite its perceived association with liquidity provision. The results in this chapter indicate that the impact of HFT participation on institutional execution costs vary between buy trades and sell trades. This essay also documents that institutional buy trades present higher execution costs, when the level of HFT participation is high. In contrast, institutional sell trades could be executed at better prices with a high level of HFT participation. The contrasting results can be attributable to the difference in the nature of HFTs and their respective ability and costs to short sell. Moreover, there is no evidence that HFT activities are beneficial or detrimental for the largest five percent of institutional trades. The third essay, presented in Chapter 6, studies the trading volume and market shares of brokers surrounding Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs) in the Australian primary market based on a unique broker ID dataset provided by ASX. Further regression analysis is conducted in this essay to examine the key determinants of the behaviour of affiliated and unaffiliated brokers around SEOs. The findings contribute to the understanding of broker affiliation around SEOs as well as providing insights into the key factors that influence a broker’s market share. The results suggest that broker affiliation has a significant impact on broker trading volume and market share on both the announcement days and issuance days. However, there is no significant evidence showing that lead managers or co-managers outperform other underwriters. Rather, the results indicate that co-managers are not expected to gain any abnormal volume or market share. Moreover, broker reputation, market capitalisation and relative offer size of the offering firm are shown as the primary characteristics influencing broker performance.
Books on the topic "Competition for order execution"
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Conrad, Christian A. Improving International Competition Order. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005969.
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Turner, Kevin Lane. Fearless leadership: Mastering tools of effective execution. Dallas: Berkley Chase Business Press, 2004.
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Waters, T. J. Hyperformance: Using competitive intelligence for better strategy and execution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010.
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Hyperformance: Using competitive intelligence for better strategy and execution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010.
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Waters, T. J. Hyperformance: Using competitive intelligence for better strategy and execution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010.
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Waters, T. J. Hyperformance: Using competitive intelligence for better strategy and execution. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2010.
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The antitrust enterprise: Principle and execution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.
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Society of Management Accountants of Canada. Agile competition: The emergence of a new industrial order. Hamilton: Society of Management Accountants of Canada, 1994.
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Steel in the 21st century: Competition forges a new world order. New York: Lexington Books, 1994.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Fourth Standing Committee on Delegated Legislation. Draft competition act 1998: (Land and vertical agreements) order 2000. London: Stationery Office, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Competition for order execution"
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Mandel, Joerg. "Collaborative Execution Processes." In Build To Order, 209–21. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-225-8_12.
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Zhang, Xin. "Competition in Convergence." In Hegemony and World Order, 195–207. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003037231-12.
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Co, Richard, and John W. Labuszewski. "Order Entry and Execution Methodologies." In The CME Group Risk Management Handbook, 43–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118266564.ch2.
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Wonnacott, David, Barbara Chapman, James LaGrone, Karl Fürlinger, Stephen W. Poole, Oscar Hernandez, Jeffery A. Kuehn, et al. "Out-of-Order Execution Processors." In Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing, 1401. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09766-4_2324.
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Ost, Stefanie, and Joerg Mandel. "Modelled Scenario Examples for Planning and Execution Processes." In Build To Order, 239–54. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-225-8_14.
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Conrad, Christian A. "Introduction: On the Way to an International Competition Order." In Improving International Competition Order, 1–4. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005969_1.
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Conrad, Christian A. "The Theory of Competition Policy: an International Synthesis." In Improving International Competition Order, 5–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005969_2.
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Conrad, Christian A. "Distortions in Competition: Dumping and Anti-Dumping Measures." In Improving International Competition Order, 33–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005969_3.
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Conrad, Christian A. "A Possible Way to an International Competition Order." In Improving International Competition Order, 57–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005969_4.
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Conrad, Christian A. "Strategies to Reform the Regulations on International Competition." In Improving International Competition Order, 75–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230005969_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Competition for order execution"
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Barliba, Luminita Livia, C. Barliba, Ionel Samfira, Anisoara Ienciu, and F. C. Barliba. "EXECUTION OF TOPOGRAPHIC WORKS IN ORDER TO RAISE AND DRAW AN ITINERARY FOR A TYROLEAN IN TIMIS COUNTY, ROMANIA." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s09.26.
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The purpose of the paper is to perform a topographic lifting and traction of an architectural project for the execution of a Tyrolean that is arranged on various relief forms, in a hilly area, halfway between Timisoara and Lugoj, Timis County, Romania. The development of an adventure park in an area so close to urban settlements has a great impact on the public of all age categories. Children are the main beneficiaries of such objectives because they test their minds and, at the same time, implement an active and healthy life rate. After the execution of this Tyrolean, the investment made will lead to the development of the area and its transformation into a tourist and leisure attraction point and the localities in the area will be an alternative for private investors or for the locals living in the city and wanting to settle in these localities. By building new opportunities for recreation, creating competitions and events, the development is acquired from many points of view: growing and establishing the population, bringing new investments and investors for the development of the area. The proposed Tyrolean is made up of 4-5 routes established according to the degree of difficulty proposed for different children�s age categories, at the same time ensuring the safety of the user and avoiding accidents, the routes being established only on the trees of certain ages and dimensions. In order to execute the topographic elevations, in order to achieve the situation plan, the state-of-the-art topographic, devices and methods adapted to the conditions of the field (covered with forest vegetation on most routes) were used.
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Muller, Hyago Maurício Bremm, Priscila Mirapalhete Rodegheri, and José Carlos Paliari. "Produtividade da mão de obra na execução de alvenaria estrutural em edifício residencial." In XI SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE GESTÃO E ECONOMIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO. Antac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/sibragec.v11i00.47.
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The search for improvements in the construction industry has made companies better know their production processes in order to reduce consumption of material and activity that do not add value to the product, as well as ensure better productivity of their teams. For these reasons, this research sought to measure, through a case study, indicators of labor productivity in the execution of the structural masonry of a residential building located in the city of São Carlos, SP, run by a small company. The results showed that the studied team has a higher productivity when compared to the indicators provided by the Sinapi and TCPO tables. In the analysis of time distribution, we observed significantly low unproductive activity and values of good and productive activity and compatible with values presented in the literature. Although it has occurred in a short period of time, this study enlightened that small businesses have optimized their processes in order to remain competitive in the marketplace, demonstrating the efficiency of their team.
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Vescan, Andreea. "Restraint Order Component Model Execution." In 2006 Eighth International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/synasc.2006.66.
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Albers, Albert, Alexander Schwarz, Matthias Behrendt, and Rolf Hettel. "Time-Efficient Method for Test-Based Optimization of Technical Systems Using Physical Models." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89447.
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Technical systems must be continuously improved so that they can remain competitive on the market. Also, the time-to-market is an important factor for the success of a product. To achieve this goal, new methods and processes are needed. Especially the testing and calibration are important phases in the development process. This paper introduces a method, which helps to reduce the time effort while increasing the quality of the calibration process. The basic idea is to use measured test data to parameterize a physical (or mostly physical) model structure to create adequate models for the optimization. The main advantage of the method is the reduction of test effort because the number of variations of the design parameter is one, or extremely decreased (depending on the system). Another advantage is that the uncertainty and the limit of the model can be quantified more accurately compared to common approaches based on non-physical model structures. These normally use artificial neuronal networks (ANN) or polynomial approaches for the test-based optimization. This contribution illustrates the method by using the example of the calibration process of a double clutch gearbox (DCT) regarding energy efficiency and drivability on a roller test bench. First step is the test planning and test execution. In this step the method calculates the optimal execution order of the measuring points. In this example 81% timesaving can be achieved compared to the equivalent on the test track. The second step is the automated generation of the simulation model. In this step the unknown parameters of the model structure are calculated. The contribution shows different approaches for the identification of non-linear systems. In the last step the model is used to perform the optimization of the design parameters.
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Sands, Benjamin, Debra Stephens, Thomas J. Laliberty, and Naresh Raja. "Manufacturing Simulations Based on Integrated Product/Process Models." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dfm-4355.
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Abstract Integrated Product Process Development is essential to the development of competitive products, with manufacturing considerations such as cost, quality and cycle times well understood early in the design cycle. In order to rapidly design and develop new products, diverse organizations, often separated by hundreds of miles, must find new ways of sharing ideas and knowledge and working together towards common goals. New tools must be inserted into the process to enable and facilitate a different way of doing business. This paper summarizes work performed as part of the DARPA sponsored Rapid Design Exploration and Optimization (RaDEO) program, specifically the development of the Manufacturing Simulation Driver (MSD) system which demonstrates the automatic generation and execution of distributed manufacturing simulations. The MSD system enables Integrated Process Teams (IPT’s) to quickly create detailed manufacturing simulations of new products. MSD driven simulations include modeling the flow of a product through a particular factory early in the design cycle to provide the insight to modify designs in order to alleviate manufacturing bottlenecks. This capability enables emerging virtual enterprises conducting collaborative design and manufacturing to simulate and prove out the manufacturing cycle of a product prior to launching production ramp-up. The Manufacturing Simulation Driver (MSD) system automatically populates simulatable manufacturing templates enabling manufacturability assessments of alternative candidate designs and processes to be conducted throughout the product development cycle. This capability provides design teams with early insight into aspects of the evolving design which compromises product manufacturability.
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Tobin-Hochstadt, Sam, and David Van Horn. "Higher-order symbolic execution via contracts." In the ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2384616.2384655.
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Shen, Jinshan, Shuhong Xu, and Yonghua Wang. "Study on the Relation between Execution and Competition: A Case Study." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5577648.
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Luo, Lei. "Referee's Influence on Competition Order in Dragonboat Race." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Economy, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-16.2017.69.
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Marot, Antoine, and Roel Wuyts. "A DSL to declare aspect execution order." In the 2008 AOSD workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1404927.1404934.
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Mechtaev, Sergey, Alberto Griggio, Alessandro Cimatti, and Abhik Roychoudhury. "Symbolic execution with existential second-order constraints." In ESEC/FSE '18: 26th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3236024.3236049.
Full textReports on the topic "Competition for order execution"
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Knoblock, Craig A. Generating Parallel Execution Plans with a Partial Order Planner. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285888.
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Skakkebaek, Jens U., Robert B. Jones, and David L. Dill. Formal Verification of Out-of-Order Execution Using Incremental Flushing. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400401.
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Jones, Robert B., Jens U. Skakkebaek, and David L. Dill. Reducing Manual Abstraction in Formal Verification of Out-of-Order Execution. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400402.
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Wunderlich, Carmen, Harald Müller, and Una Jakob. WMD Compliance and Enforcement in a Changing Global Context. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/21/wmdce02.
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The regimes for the control of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are essential ingredients of the global order. Yet this order is currently in transition: the bipolarity of the Cold War has given way to a more complex, multipolar world order characterized by conflicts of interest and great power competition rather than cooperative security. This competition brings with it rising strategic uncertainties which endanger stability and have far reaching implications for WMD-related agreements. To better understand the implications of this changing global context for WMD arms control and disarmament measures this report looks at the past, present and future prospects for WMD-related treaties. The report begins by outlining four broad yet interlinked approaches to arms control and disarmament before considering how these have been applied to chemical, biological and nuclear weapons in the past and how these measures could be applied in the future.
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Baader, Franz, Anees ul Mehdi, and Hongkai Liu. Integrate Action Formalisms into Linear Temporal Description Logics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.172.
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The verification problem for action logic programs with non-terminating behaviour is in general undecidable. In this paper, we consider a restricted setting in which the problem becomes decidable. On the one hand, we abstract from the actual execution sequences of a non-terminating program by considering infinite sequences of actions defined by a Büchi automaton. On the other hand, we assume that the logic underlying our action formalism is a decidable description logic rather than full first-order predicate logic.
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Rebelo, André, João R. Pereira, Paulo Cunha, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva, Lauren B. Sherar, and João Valente-dos-Santos. Training Load, Neuromuscular Fatigue and Well-Being in Volleyball: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0059.
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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compile and order all the training load measures, all fatigue assessments, and all well-being questionnaires used in volleyball training/match monitoring, systematizing them. Condition being studied: Training load: cumulative amount of stress placed on an individual from multiple sessions and games over a period of time. Neuromuscular fatigue: A response that is less than the expected or anticipated contractile response, for a given stimulation. Well-being: A continuous, active process, which is geared towards balancing one’s physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual wellness in order to enhance one’s life quality.5 In sport science the subjective measurement of the response to training and competition are used through the athlete self-report measures (ASRMs). In practice, these often comprise brief, single-item checklists derived from validated questionnaires that are intended to be completed daily.
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Amela, R., R. Badia, S. Böhm, R. Tosi, C. Soriano, and R. Rossi. D4.2 Profiling report of the partner’s tools, complete with performance suggestions. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.023.
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This deliverable focuses on the proling activities developed in the project with the partner's applications. To perform this proling activities, a couple of benchmarks were dened in collaboration with WP5. The rst benchmark is an embarrassingly parallel benchmark that performs a read and then multiple writes of the same object, with the objective of stressing the memory and storage systems and evaluate the overhead when these reads and writes are performed in parallel. A second benchmark is dened based on the Continuation Multi Level Monte Carlo (C-MLMC) algorithm. While this algorithm is normally executed using multiple levels, for the proling and performance analysis objectives, the execution of a single level was enough since the forthcoming levels have similar performance characteristics. Additionally, while the simulation tasks can be executed as parallel (multi-threaded tasks), in the benchmark, single threaded tasks were executed to increase the number of simulations to be scheduled and stress the scheduling engines. A set of experiments based on these two benchmarks have been executed in the MareNostrum 4 supercomputer and using PyCOMPSs as underlying programming model and dynamic scheduler of the tasks involved in the executions. While the rst benchmark was executed several times in a single iteration, the second benchmark was executed in an iterative manner, with cycles of 1) Execution and trace generation; 2) Performance analysis; 3) Improvements. This had enabled to perform several improvements in the benchmark and in the scheduler of PyCOMPSs. The initial iterations focused on the C-MLMC structure itself, performing re-factors of the code to remove ne grain and sequential tasks and merging them in larger granularity tasks. The next iterations focused on improving the PyCOMPSs scheduler, removing existent bottlenecks and increasing its performance by making the scheduler a multithreaded engine. While the results can still be improved, we are satised with the results since the granularity of the simulations run in this evaluation step are much ner than the one that will be used for the real scenarios. The deliverable nishes with some recommendations that should be followed along the project in order to obtain good performance in the execution of the project codes.
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Ferraz, António, Pedro Duarte-Mendes, Hugo Sarmento, João Valente-dos-Santos, and Bruno Travassos. A Review of the use of the Electronic Tracking Systems on the Performance of Elite Athletes in Team Sports – Trends and Future Directions. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0080.
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Review question / Objective: To understand the applicability of tracking systems in team sports on the last decade by emerging an understanding of how the use of different variables and research goals may be profitable to develop a comprehensive framework that might help to shed a light into team sports performance and athlete´s well-being. Rationale: To implement a training monitoring system, there is a need to understand how the different metrics available in training and competition may be manipulated to enhance the understanding of the context of performance in team sports. Additionally, how the information from tracking technology devices have been applied and what are the main issues that have being studied, in order to improve further research and practice.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares, and Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.
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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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Ayala, David, Ashley Graves, Colton Lauer, Henrik Strand, Chad Taylor, Kyle Weldon, and Ryan Wood. Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.floodingpostharvey.
Full textAbstract:
When Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane on August 25, 2017, it resulted in $125 billion in damage, rivaling only Hurricane Katrina in the amount of damage caused. It also resulted in the deaths of 88 people and destroyed or damaged 135,000 homes. Much of that devastation was the result of flooding. The storm dumped over 27 trillion gallons of rain over Texas in a matter of days. Some parts of Houston received over 50 inches of rainfall. The potential liability that dam and reservoir operators may face for decisions they make during storm and flooding events has now become a major concern for Texas citizens and its elected officials. Law suits have now been instituted against the federal government for its operation of two flood control reservoirs, as well as against the San Jacinto River Authority for its operation of a water supply reservoir. Moreover, the issues and concerns have been placed on the agenda of a number of committees preparing for the 2019 Texas legislative session. This report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines the potential liability that such operators may face for actions and decisions taken in response to storm and flooding events. In Section III, the report reviews dam gate operations and differentiates between water supply reservoirs and flood control reservoirs. It also considers pre-release options and explains why such actions are disfavored and not recommended. In Section IV, the report evaluates liabilities and defenses applicable to dam and reservoir operators. It explains how governmental immunity can limit the exposure of state and federally-run facilities to claims seeking monetary damages. It also discusses how such entities could be subject to claims of inverse condemnation, which generally are not subject to governmental immunity, under Texas law as well as under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the Section discusses negligence and nuisance claims and concludes that plaintiffs asserting either or both of these claims will have difficulty presenting successful arguments for flooding-related damage and harm against operators who act reasonably in the face of storm-related precipitation. Finally, Section V offers recommendations that dam and reservoir operators might pursue in order to engage and educate the public and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation. Specifically, the report highlights the need for expanded community outreach efforts to engage with municipalities, private land owners, and the business community in flood-prone neighborhoods both below and above a dam. It also recommends implementation of proactive flood notification procedures as a way of reaching and alerting as many people as possible of potential and imminent flooding events. Finally, the report proposes implementation of a dispute prevention and minimization mechanism and offers recommendations for the design and execution of such a program.