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1
Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.
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Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road
cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of
similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the
present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of
competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists.
Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road)
completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental
cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output
profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race
were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT),
semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and
criterium (CRIT) road races.
Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf.
These results indicate that success in international MTB racing
requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean
physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more
constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity
surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these
unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
2
Griffiths, Robert Peter. "Cyber athletes identification, competition, and affect implication /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180009007.
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Griffiths, Robert P. "Cyber athletes: identification, competition, and affect implications." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1180009007.
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Meister, Miriam. "Competition vs. exercise-induced analgesia in male and female athletes and non-athletes." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1187.
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5
Hoover, Daniel R. Jr. "A Balancing Act: Division III Student-Athletes Time Demands and Life Roles." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618271.
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A majority of the research on student-athletes occurs at the Division I level, acid less is known about Division III student-athletes. The scant research addressing the experiences of Division III students-athletes focused on academics, campus involvement, development, and athletic identity (Griffith & Johnson, 2002; Heuser & Gray, 2009; Richards & Aries, 1993; Schroeder, 2000; Umbach, Palmer, Kuh, & Hannah, 2006). What remains unknown is how they manage life roles as Division III student-athletes.;This case study sought to address the time demands and life roles (e.g. athletics, family, friendship, religion, academic, and romantic interests) of student-athletes. Two private, Division Ill institutions in the Midwest were selected. A total of 21 student-athletes from both men and women's basketball teams were interviewed. The findings suggest student-athletes are strained by time demands, yet have developed strategies to better manage their time. Family serves as a foundation and the most important life role for a majority of student-athletes. Teammates, coaches, and athletic involvement offer additional support as student-athletes transition through college. The life roles of religion and romantic relationships, however, were not seen as important for student-athletes. This research concluded that Division III student-athletes juggle multiple roles but their priorities change over time. of note, participant's integrated roles over time and particular transition phases existed for students. Moreover, instead of border keepers vying to reinforce borders between roles, this study concluded that border bridgers existed instead that sought to aid students in blurring boundaries between their various roles. Male athletes were less able to describe how they managed time, whereas female athletes readily identified organizational strategies and stronger team bonds.
6
Meijen, Carla. "Approaches to competition : challenge and threat states in athletes." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2011. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1882/.
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Athletes can approach competition positively, as a challenge, or negatively, as a threat. The theory of challenge and threat states in athletes (TCTSA) outlines that a challenge state, contrary to a threat state, is characterised by high levels of self-efficacy and perceived control, approach goals, positive emotions, a helpful interpretation of emotional state and a cardiovascular reactivity pattern of increased cardiac output and decreased total peripheral resistance. The aim of this thesis was to examine relations between these cognitive, affective, and physiological components of challenge and threat states in a sport setting; research in sport have mostly examined these components separately. Five studies were conducted to examine this aim. These comprised a qualitative analysis of athletes‟ interviews about an upcoming competition, a cross-sectional questionnaire study, two studies where self-report data were associated with cardiovascular responses to an upcoming competition or previous competition, and a case study. Overall, the cognitive and affective components are somewhat supportive of the TCTSA, with a positive relation between self-efficacy, perceived control and approach goals. Threat appraisal and anxiety were positively predicted by avoidance goals. Most of the physiological findings, however, were not in line with the predictions of the TCTSA. Specifically, participants who had high levels of self-efficacy appeared to be physiologically threatened by an upcoming competition. There was no consistent relation between the cognitive, affective, and physiological components regarding previous competitions. Temporal patterning may be one of the main confounding factors for the inconsistent findings as the relations between physiological, cognitive, and affective components all change in the lead up to competition. This thesis makes an original contribution to stress research by exploring the combination of cognitive, affective, and physiological components outlined by the TCTSA using a holistic understanding of how athletes approach competition.
7
Ferreira, Suzane. "The preparation of athletes with cerebral palsy for elite competition." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1459.
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Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Sport performance management has emerged as a specialization in sport science that is focused on providing the athlete and coach with optimal information about training programmes and the support services needed in order to pursue excellence. As a more professional approach to disability sport has grown with the international status of the Paralympics, sport performance management dealing specifically with athletes with disabilities requires development. The purpose of this study was to focus on documenting the delivery of sport science support for three cyclists with cerebral palsy training for the Athens Paralympics. A case study approach was taken in this research that provided sport science support to three cyclists. Documentation of the training experience of each cyclist over 18 months of training leading up to the Games, was accomplished by quantification of daily training as well as periodic laboratory testing. A comprehensive picture was drawn of training intensities, modalities and frequencies for each cyclist during each macro-cycle, with special attention to the following three variables. Power output and lactate Power output and VO2 max Peak and mean sprint power output (Wingate test) Two of the three cyclists perceived the support they received to have been critical to the success of their preparation. The investigator concluded that sport management has an important role to play in the development of disability sport at the elite level, and that a lot more hard training is possible for cyclists with cerebral palsy, than some coaches may have previously believed, especially in terms of intensity and duration.
8
Link, Courtney Anne, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The use of mental imagery by aesthetic athletes prior to competition." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology and Physical Education, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2632.
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This study examined the influence of state-confidence on aesthetic athletes’
precompetitive imagery function use. Important individual differences effecting
functional imagery use require empirical confirmation. Proposed is state-confidence as a
factor influencing the functions of imagery used immediately prior to competition. Also,
sport type may also be a moderator of the relationship and thus, is constrained in this
study. Female aesthetic athletes from Southern Alberta (N = 180, Mage = 14.64, SD =
1.88) completed measures of state-confidence, imagery ability, and frequency of imagery
function use. One-way ANCOVA tests revealed that athletes with high state-confidence
used significantly more cognitive specific, cognitive general, motivation general-arousal,
and motivational general-mastery functions of imagery than low state-confident athletes.
Findings imply that applied sport psychology consultants should be more encouraging of
preparation strategies with low state-confident athletes.xi, 64 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm
9
Reifel, Denise. "A comparison of division I and division II student-athletes' backgrounds, time demands and perceptions of academics and athletics /." View online, 1993. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998881486.pdf.
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Benavides, Aramburú L., Vivanco Ordoñez J. Vilchez, and Bossio Mario Reyes. "Motivational Climate and Physical Self – Concept in Equestrian Jumping Competition Adult athletes." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621787.
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14 Congreso Mundial de Psicología del Deporte, llevado a cabo del 10 al 14 de Julio de 2017 en Sevilla, España.Motivational climate generated by the coach: players' perception of the way in which they constitute the activities, organizes the group giving them opportunities and authority, and the way in which it communicates, providing feedback regarding performance and effort in practice (Marques, Nonohay, Koller, Gauer & Cruz, 2015). Ames (1995) and Nicholls (1989), there are two types of athletes' orientations as to the way in which they seek to achieve their goals. Task Orientation Ego Orientation Physical self-concept: It is the overall perception and perception that a person possesses of his / her own physical, which reflects the judgment of competence, physical condition and appearance (Hagger, Hein & Chatzisarantis, 2011) Objective: relationship between motivational climate and physical self-concept in adult athletes competing in equestrian jumping of various equestrian clubs of Lima city
11
Cross, Eric Michael. "The Uniform Effect: Collegiate Student-Athletes' Experiences with Competition Athletic Apparel and Self Perception." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77247.
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Competition athletic apparel plays a large role in the world of NCAA Division I college athletics. New and innovative designs, styles, and fashions are continually introduced by athletic apparel manufacturers as they attempt to find the latest and greatest uniforms, footwear and protective equipment. Still, little research exists on the impact that athletic apparel has on college athletes. What does an athlete feel as they don their competition athletic apparel to compete at this top level of collegiate sport? The purpose of this study was to examine student-athlete experiences with competition athletic apparel in relation to self-perception. Did the apparel worn in competition by student-athlete's play a role on their mental state as they entered competition?
Sixteen participants from a large NCAA Division I athletic program participated in this study during the spring semester of 2011. A stratified sample of eight female student-athletes and eight male student-athletes was used. The participants were drawn from the sports of Men's Soccer, Women's Soccer, Men's Basketball, and Women's Basketball.
Participants completed face to face interviews that employed a semi-structured approach. Interview questions addressed aspects of the Functional, Aesthetic, Expressive (FEA) consumer needs model as well as Self-Perception Theory. All interviews used a grounded theory approach to foster the emergence of data as interviews progressed. Data was analyzed using qualitative methods that stressed the importance of true lived experience.
The results of the study revealed that student-athlete self-perception was indeed impacted by various aspects of competition athletic apparel. Each participant revealed one or more concerns about their competition apparel in relation to the different categories of the FEA. Further, many of these concerns followed important aspects of Self-Perception Theory.
The results of this study further revealed that coaches, athletes, and competition apparel manufactures would benefit from understanding the impact that competition apparel has on athlete self-perception. Results showed that athletes wanted competition apparel that looked good, felt good, and fit properly.Ph. D.
12
Martí, Tomàs David. "Explaining territorial demands : party competition as a driver of self-government claims in decentralised stateless nations." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31567.
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The first wave of stateless nationalist mobilisation triggered decentralisation processes in several Western European states. Political autonomy provided European stateless nations with sub-state institutions with significant competences to manage their own affairs. Multinational federalism scholars have long debated whether political decentralisation to accommodate stateless nations appeases demands for secession or rather exacerbates them. Autonomous institutions created a new sub-state political system which political entrepreneurs, most significantly Stateless Nationalist and Regionalist Parties, are able to exploit to put forward demands for further empowerment of sub-state institutions. In the last decade territorial demands have been progressively raised by political parties in some Western European stateless nations, thus casting doubt on the effectiveness of political decentralisation as a valid mechanism to prevent secession. Scotland voted on independence on September 2014 whereas Catalan nationalist parties have been attempting to hold their own referendum since 2013. By looking specifically at the effects of political party competition at the sub-state level, this research aims at providing an explanation for the dynamics of territorial demands that have led to a high saliency of the territorial question in many Western European multinational states. An in-depth qualitative analysis of party competition in Catalonia aims to provide a successful explanation for the escalation of territorial demands in that country, also taking into account the role played by central institutions and the increasing support that secession shown amongst the population. The Catalan case is compared to Flanders and Scotland to test whether the dynamics of party competition can tell us a bit more about the ongoing territorial demands put forward by political parties in these three countries. The territorial accommodation of multinational states have tended to be analysed from an institutionalist perspective whereas multi-level party competition has kept a blind eye on constitutional change. This research aims at contributing to the growing literature of sub-state party politics and its capacities to explain constitutional change processes.
13
Franck, Alina, and Frida Tuovila. "Difference and Similarities between athletes in the beginning and middle of the transition from junior to senior sport." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2369.
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The objectives of this study was to test the Transition Monitoring Survey (TMS) and to
examine similarities and differences in the transition experiences between athletes in the
beginning of the transition and in the middle of the transition from junior to senior sport. A
pilot study (n = 10) was conducted with a combination of survey and debriefing. The main
study (n =135) was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Participants were divided
into two groups; athletes in the beginning and athletes in the middle of the transition. The
results showed thirteen significant differences in demands, coping strategies, resources and
perceived stress. Athletes in the middle of the transition showed more adaptation to the
transition process then athletes in the beginning. The study also shows that the TMS works
well. The results are discussed based on frameworks and previous research.
14
Turner, Anthony N. "Physical preparation for fencing : tailoring exercise prescription and training load to the physiological and biomechanical demands of competition." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/18942/.
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Sport science based research regarding fencing competition demands and athlete physical characteristics (PC) is sparse; as a consequence, training programme design cannot be optimised. The aim of this PhD thesis therefore, is to describe the PC that best relate to (1) lunge velocity (LV), (2) change of direction speed (CODS) and (3) repetitive lunging ability (RLA). It also sought to analyse (4) the physiological intensity and associated fatigue of competition and (5) the efficacy of the subsequently delivered periodised training programme. Fencers from the Great Britain Fencing squad were investigated. Results revealed that LV and CODS were best predicted by the standing broad jump (SBJ) (r = 0.51 and -0.65 respectively). Through linear regression analysis, CODS and SBJ provided a twopredictor model accounting for 61% of the common variance associated with RLA. Competition intensity and fatigue was measured across two competitions, including subsequent recovery days, where countermovement jump (CMJ) scores and saliva samples (measuring testosterone, cortisol, alpha-amylase and salivary IgA) were taken. On the day of competition, all fencers had their heart rate (HR) recorded and had blood lactate (BL) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) measured after each bout. Average (± SD) scores for RPE, BL and HR (average, max and percentage of time ≥ 80% HRmax) were highest in the knockout bouts compared to the pools (8.5 ± 1.3 vs. 5.7 ± 1.3, 3.6 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 1.4 mmol/L, 171 ± 5 vs. 168 ± 8 bpm, 195 ± 7 vs. 192 ± 7 bpm, 74 vs. 68% respectively), but only significantly (p < 0.05) so in RPE. CMJ scores measuring jump height, peak power (PP) and peak rate of force development, increased throughout the competition and dropped thereafter. For jump height and PP, the post-knockout score was significantly higher than precompetition scores, and all scores taken at competition were significantly higher than post competition scores. No significant differences were noted across time-points for any of the measured salivary analytes. Finally, the efficacy of the training programme, designed following the findings of the preceding studies, was analysed. RPE, HR and BL scores from competition bouts were compared to that recorded in training sessions aimed at developing the fencer’s sport-specific fitness. Alongside this, CMJ height, reactive strength index and questionnaires regarding “readiness to train” were completed daily and compared to the prescribed training load (TL) as calculated using session RPE. Only “off-feet” non-sport specific conditioning drills were found to provide an appropriate stimulus (with respect to HR, RPE and BL) for competition based fitness. Using multilevel modelling, no relationships between TL, jump scores and questionnaires were noted.
15
Schuler, Margaret Louise. "The Culture of the Olympic Games from Australian Athletes' Perspectives." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15833/.
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Specifically, this study is about the effects of culture, organisational culture and postmodernism on the Olympic Games and the perceptions of Australian Olympic athletes, both past and present and their understanding of the culture of the Olympic Games. The focus of this research examines the culture of the Olympic Games and provides insights into the background of the Games from Australian athlete's perspective. The study explores this theme further in order to understand those areas of culture which Australian athletes rarely get the opportunity to talk about and thereby offers the occasion to open new avenues for research into the culture of organisations, such as the International Olympic Committee. Furthermore, the thesis probes into the culture of the Olympic Games using the theoretical structures of Organisational Culture and Postmodernism to provide a better understanding and knowledge base for the discipline. Also, the research reports upon the athlete's perspectives in the light of the two previous theoretical structures. In spite of these previous points, little is known regarding the cultural aspects of the Olympic Games and even less is known of the culture of the Olympic Games from the athletes' perspective. Participants in an Olympic Games - athletes, officials, dignitaries, press, technicians and support personnel all experience the cultural mix of individuals at the Games first hand. However, it would certainly be of importance to understand how athletes communicate and relate to each other and how all participants within the Olympic Games organisation relate and communicate with each other. However, there is a need to acknowledge that politics exists within the Olympic Games and that its existence should be brought out of the background and placed on the agenda so that political action within the Games can be avoided in order that they might function more effectively and at a higher standard. A knowledge of culture and politics and the pitfalls and problems associated with change in the Olympic Games would support the building between individual athletes rather than allow conflict and competition to occur. This implies that, if individuals can work together without having to consider politics, then the system will benefit.
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Morris, Jemima. "The impact of cause of disability and level of competition on coping strategies of wheelchair athletes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20680.pdf.
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Tabano, James G. "How Former Division I Student-Athletes Experienced Their Dual Undergraduate Roles| The Internal Competition for an Identity." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3557698.
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Identity research requires a multidisciplinary approach for a comprehensive understanding. Even with acceptance of multiple perspectives, one is left with ambiguous terminology and indiscrete concepts (Ashmore, Deaux, & McLaughlin-Volpe, 2004).
The inquiry into the identity of a nontraditional college population such as student-athletes is no less complicated and challenging (Gohn & Albin, 2006). The role development and role demands confronting these students make for a unique undergraduate experience (Greer & Robinson, 2006). The identity balance achieved through role salience necessitates that these students learn self-regulation and self-management skills in order to perform both academic and athletic roles effectively (Adler & Adler, 1987; Killeya-Jones, 2005; Melendez, 2009). Nonetheless, proficiency at these roles does not preclude the inevitable role foreclosures that all these student-athletes face at the end of their undergraduate experience (Ogilvie & Taylor, 1993; Pearson & Petitpas, 1990).
This dissertation is a three-part examination of this dual identity phenomenon. It explores the experiences of seven former NCAA Division I student-athletes who participated in the revenue-producing sports of basketball or football. All three of the analyses utilize a phenomenological methodology and rely on both an interview and projective stimulus. The interviews consist of three sets of open-ended questions, and the projective data instrument utilizes Card 1 (Boy with violin) of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (Murray, 1943).
The initial inquiry looks at the developmental process of the student-athlete, including how the two identities are formed, sustained, and foreclosed. Many college student-athlete studies examine identity issues while the students are enrolled as undergraduates, but this inquiry focuses on those former NCAA Division I athletes who successfully navigated the dual role dynamic. The reports of those who have been able to play and graduate give insight to particular problems and the solutions these athletes developed. The results reveal a pre-collegiate dual identity development that is sustained through college by role salience strategies and role foreclosure recognition.
The second inquiry identifies those individual identity elements that may be active in the formation of the dual role identities for these former student-athletes. The dominant identity themes for the interviews were framed by Ashmore, Deaux, and McLaughlin-Volpe (2004). The narratives were scrutinized for identity themes from the participants’ high school and college experiences. The narratives consisted of the following identity elements: self-categorization, evaluation, importance, affective commitment, and content and meaning. The assessment of the TAT projections was grounded in McClelland, Atkinson, Clark, and Lowell’s (1953) achievement motivation scoring criteria. High-achievement content was found in five of the seven stories. Implications of the findings are discussed for future research into the complexity of college student-athlete identity.
The final inquiry examines the motivational and self-regulatory underpinning of these former student-athletes. Delay of gratification (DOG) has been recognized as a psychological trait involving both ego control and ego resiliency (Funder & Block, 1989). It is also recognized as an important psychological condition for academic success (Bembenutty & Karabenick, 1998).
The same two data collection instruments were used: an open-ended question interview and Card 1 (Boy with violin) of the TAT. The interview yielded recall data concerning DOG in both the high school and college experiences of these participants. The TAT gave a projective story and fictional response to the structured stimulus in the TAT picture card. There were similar responses between the data sets alluding to DOG when the narratives were assessed according to Academic Delay of Gratification strategies (Bembenutty & Karabenick, 1998). Implications for further research, policy, and practice as well as a need for more expansive qualitative inquiry into this studentathlete subpopulation are discussed.
18
Russell, William D. "Comparison of individuals' zone of optimal functioning across two different tasks : a laboratory examination of ZOF theory /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9821339.
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McConnell, Kevin. "Effect of changes in ball properties and cognitive demands on the performance of adolescent male athletes of varying levels of soccer expertise." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79789.
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This investigation examined the effect of changes in ball properties and cognitive demands on the performance of adolescent male athletes of varying levels of soccer expertise. Participants moved through a course under two conditions: decision and no decision, and with two types of soccer balls, regular and futsal. The experts moved through the courses with both balls significantly faster than the novices and had a lower percentage of control errors with the regular ball but not with the futsal ball. Both groups performed significantly slower under the decision condition, but no differences were found between conditions in the percentage of control errors made. The novices made a significantly smaller percentage of control errors with the futsal ball than the regular ball, although the type of ball had no effect on their performance times. These results suggest that the experts display better soccer skills and cognition than the novices and that the properties of the futsal ball appear to reduce the technical demands for the novices.
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Reed, Christian E. "The motives underlying senior athletes' participation in sports and physical actvitiy /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3060135.
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Ngobese, Khayelihle Mbongeleni Emmanuel. "Exploring the uses of mental skills by competitive road running athletes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020310.
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Research on athletes has shown that mental skills are an important component of being a successful athlete. The importance of these mental skills is seen in the number of athletes who have formally started training using mental skills training programmes (MST) according to the literature. The study of mental skills in South Africa lags behind other countries like USA, UK and Sweden. This particular study explored the use of mental skills by road running athletes. The study was conducted with six competitive marathon athletes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted as part of an elaborate qualitative methodology design. The data collected from these semi-structured interviews was analysed using thematic analysis. The results show that road running athletes use mental skills that include; mental rehearsal, planning, goal setting and self-talk. The athletes in this research showed the importance of mental skills and it is recommended that formal training in these mental skills will be highly beneficial not only to road running athletes but for all South African sports people in general
22
Smith, Shareen Brooke. "The Influence of Performance Level and Setting on Collegiate Athletes' Motivational Profiles." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1153.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if motivational profiles of individual collegiate team sport athletes differ across ability levels (High, Middle, and Low) and settings (Team Practice, Competition, and Personal Practice). The athletes task and ego disposition, autonomy, and contextual motivation, were assessed using the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), Sport Climate Questionnaire (SCQ), and Sport Motivational Scale (SMS), pre and postseason. Their anxiety levels and situational motivation were measured using the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS) during the season. The General Causality Orientations Scale (GCOS) was used pre and postseason to assess the strength of different motivational orientations in the coaches and the strength of association to the athletes' various motivational, anxiety and dispositional profiles. Results revealed that the athletes are functioning with high task and ego orientations almost equally across settings. They were also relatively high overall in perceived autonomy support. Anxiety and worry existed in all three settings, but in only low to moderate amounts. In addition, athletes reported higher levels of concentration disruption in competition settings over team or personal practice. Finally, individual athletes experienced significantly higher levels of self-determination behavior in both the competition and personal practice settings over team practice. No significant differences were found between the pre and postseason surveys for either the athletes or the coaches, or in the ability levels (H, M, and L) of the athletes.
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Coffman, Jeffrey, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Hoops, nets, and ballots : investigating the relationship between competitive sport socialization and political participation of female candidates." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Political Science, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2475.
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Although more women are successfully breaching the social, economic and
political barriers that can prevent them from participating as electoral candidates, few
women campaign for elected office. A dearth of female candidates may be
understandable, given research demonstrating that women tend to avoid competition and
competitive environments. Thus, elections – competitive by design – may attract fewer
women than men. This thesis posits that the inherent competitiveness of electoral politics
may deter women from campaigning for office. However, this work also forwards that
competitive sport socialization during adolescence may prepare women for electoral
competition. This paper examines the results of a self-administered survey mailed to 449
female candidates for municipal office. The survey investigated candidates’ adolescent
experiences in competitive sports and attitudes relating to internal political efficacy. The
results appear to demonstrate a strong correlation between competitive sport socialization
and either positive or neutral evaluations of political competition.x, 163 leaves ; 29 cm
24
Davis, Joseph E. "Interpreting direction of anxiety within Hanin's individual zone of optimal functioning /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953855.
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Hansson, Linda, and Anna Singmo. "Krav i markanvisningstävlingar." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för Matematik, Data- och Lantmäteriteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-13451.
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Det är endast mark som ägs av kommunen som kan markanvisas och när kommunen markanvisar finns det olika förfaranden som de kan välja att använda sig av; ett av dessa förfaranden är markanvisningstävlingar. Oftast gäller det speciella områden där kommunen har en vision och grundidé om hur området ska utformas. Kommunen sätter ihop ett tävlingsprogram och låter byggherrarna utforma sina bidrag som sedan bedöms av kommunen efter de uppsatta kraven i tävlingsprogrammet. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur Sveriges kommuner utformar sina markanvisningstävlingar samt klargöra vilka typer av krav som kommunerna ställer på byggherrarna i tävlingsprogrammen för markanvisningen. Sveriges 290 kommuner har kontaktats varav 200 stycken har svarat på frågan om de använder sig av markanvisningstävlingar eller ej. Undersökningen visar att 43 kommuner har genomfört markanvisningstävlingar från 1 januari 2015 och framåt. Totalt sett har 57 stycken tävlingsprogram granskats. Vidare visar resultatet av undersökningen att kommunerna ställer en rad olika typer av krav, vissa mer specificerade än andra. Resultatet visar också att kommunerna ställer krav som går utöver deras befogenheter, alltså att de bryter mot särkravsförbudet i 8 kap. 4 a § PBL. Utifrån resultatet kan slutsatsen dras att kommunerna strävar i samhällsbyggnadsprocessen att uppnå hållbarhetsmålen. I arbetet med detta ställer kommunerna höga krav på att bebyggelsen ska bidra till en god bebyggd miljö samt en modern hållbarhetsstad.Land allocations can only be performed by the Swedish municipalities on the land they themselves own. When the municipalities design a land allocation, they have different types of procedures to choose from. One of these is called land allocation competition, when chosen its often for an area which the municipality already have formed a vision regarding what it should become. A competition program is created with certain demands set by the municipality, following the developers create a design for the area and present this. Subsequently the municipality consider the designs and choses the one which falls best in line with the competition program. The aim of the study is to investigate how the Swedish municipalities frame the land allocation competitions, and which types of demands they outline in the competition programs. All 290 Swedish municipalities were contacted and 200 of them responded on whether they use land allocation competitions, in total 43 municipalities use such. The study only contains land allocation competitions that have been completed after January 1st, 2015. A total of 57 land allocation competitions have been examined.The result of the study shows that the Swedish municipalities requires different types of demands, some more specified than others. It can also be shown that demands are outlined which extends beyond such defined in the Swedish constitutional law and the planning and building act. In conclusion, municipalities strive to reach goals of sustainable development in the process of building a city. Municipalities demands that exploitation contribute to a sustainable urban planning and design.
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Ethridge, M. Kriss. "The effectiveness of individualized mental training program on attention styles, competitive trait anxiety and performance of female softball players." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048377.
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While many studies have examined the effects of mental training programs on anxiety and concentration as they pertain to performance, none have examined the effects simultaneously as they relate to performance. Few studies have examined mental training programs, especially individualized mental imagery scripts, as they relate to the athlete's attentional profile and level of trait anxiety. The purpose of this study was to determine if a mental training program alters attentional profiles and trait anxiety. Additionally, this study determined if a mental training program had a transfer effect on performance. The following null hypotheses were examined: 1) There would not be a significant difference in attentional profiles before or after a mental training program; 2) there would not be a significant difference in trait anxiety scores before or after a mental training program; 3) there would not be a significant difference in an athlete's performance before or after a mental training program. The subjects (N = 20) in this study were comprised of Ball State University Women's Softball members. The age range of the subjects was between 18 and 23. The instruments used in this study were the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Styles Self-Assessment (TAIS-SA) (Nideffer, 1980) for attentional styles and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) (Martens, 1977) for competitive traitanxiety. Batting performance was recorded by the investigator as the subjects took batting practice (from a pitching machine) during the normal course of practice. Each subject was given a log sheet and was asked to keep a record of the number of times she used the mental training program per week. This study was a pretest, posttest design, and dependent t-tests (p < .05) were calculated for the six subscales of the TAIS, the SCAT, and performance. There was a statistically significant difference from the pretest to the posttest on the levels of anxiety as measured by the SCAT and on hitting performance. While all scores on the six subscales of the TAIS-SA changed, they were not statistically significant.School of Physical Education
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Ede, Alison. "Self-Objectification and Sport Participation: Do the Gendered Makeup and Competitive Level of the Team Matter?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28415/.
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The purposes of this study were to (a) investigate differences in self-objectification, self-surveillance, body shame, and flow among female athletes on all-women's and coed ultimate frisbee teams at different competitive levels, and (b) examine the objectification theory model across groups. Participants (n = 112) completed online surveys including a demographic questionnaire, trait and state versions of the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, Body Surveillance and Body Shame subscales of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, and the Flow State Scale. No differences in self-objectification, self-surveillance, or body shame were found, although highly competitive athletes experienced more flow than lower competitive teams. Relationships were found between self-objectification, self-surveillance, and body shame, but not for flow, partially supporting the objectification theory model.
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Brandt, Ricardo. "Perfil de humor de atletas vencedores de modalidades individuais e coletivas." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/640.
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The study had as objective to determine the mood profile of winning atheletes of individual and collective modalities. From a descriptive, of field, of the kind correlational sectional survey, composed the research 824 high level athletes, of individual and collective modalities in competitive period. The athletes answered to the Questionário de caracterização geral de atletas de alto rendimento and to the Escala de Humor de Brunel . The data were dealt with descriptive statistics, through average, minimum, maximum, percentages and deviation standard. The inferencial statistics will be accomplished having as parameter the test that measures the normality of the data, (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Also was applied the analysis of logistic regression for the prediction of the mood states and the sporting income. This work is composed of three literature review articles and a qualitative research that investigated an olympic medalist brazilian athlete, beyond the pilot study accomplished with 62 brazilian sailers. The final results, contemplating all the specific aims of the research were presented in two articles. The results show evident differences in almost all factors of mood (tension, depression, vigor, fatigue and confusion) with the exception of anger between men and women. After logistic regression analysis, considering the first placement as the outcome variable, it was found that the factors tension, anger and force are significantly associated with the outcome of the dispute. With the increasing of the vigor (OR = 0.92) and tension (OR = 1.07) and the decreasing of the anger (OR = 0.91) increase the chances of the athlete be the winner in the competition. There are differences in the mood states of athletes who compete in individual sports, collective and struggle in all humor factors (Tension p <0.00; Depression p <0.01; Anger p <0.02; Vigor p <0 , 00; Fatigue p <0.02; Confusion p <0.00). The variables anger (OR = 1.12), tension (OR = 0.92) and vigor (OR = 1.09) integrated the final model in the regression analysis for the humor factors. This research concludes that there are distinct characteristics between the mood profile of athletes in individual, collective and combat sports modalities. This differences become evidents to control the results achieved by athletes. From statistical analyzes having as control the gender and having the first placement as outcome, it is clear that with increasing anger and vigor associated with tension reduction, increase the chances of the athlete be the winner. From this it is possible to present the humor profile for winner brazilian athletes in the three kind of modalities (individual, collective and combat sports). In the collective, the ideal zone of humor to the high performance is characterized by high vigor associated with low levels of tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion. In individual sports, high vigor associated with moderate levels of tension and anger, coupled with low depression, fatigue and confusion. Already in combat modalities, in addition, high vigor and tension associated with moderate levels of anger, depression, low depression, fatigue and confusion.
O estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil de humor de atletas vencedores de modalidades individuais e coletivas. A partir de uma pesquisa descritiva, de campo do tipo correlacional transversal, participaram da pesquisa 824 atletas de alto nível, de modalidades individuais e coletivas em período competitivo. Os atletas responderam ao Questionário de caracterização geral de atletas de alto rendimento e a Escala de Humor de Brunel. Os dados foram tratados com estatística descritiva, através de através de média, mínimo, máximo, percentuais e desvio padrão. A estatística inferencial será realizada tendo como parâmetro o teste que mede a normalidade dos dados, (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Também foi aplicada a análise de regressão logística para a predição dos estados de humor e o rendimento esportivo. Este trabalho é composto por três artigos de revisão de literatura e uma pesquisa qualitativa que investigou um atleta brasileiro medalhista olímpico, além do estudo piloto realizado com 62 velejadores brasileiros. Os resultados finais, contemplando todos os objetivos específicos da pesquisa são apresentados em dois artigos. A partir dos resultados ficam evidentes diferenças em quase todos os fatores de humor (tensão, depressão, vigor, fadiga e confusão) com exceção da raiva entre homens e mulheres. Após análise de regressão logística, considerando a primeira colocação como a variável desfecho, verificou-se que os fatores tensão, vigor e raiva estão significativamente associadas ao resultado da disputa. Com o aumento do vigor (OR= 0.92) e tensão (OR= 1.07) e diminuição da raiva (OR= 0.91) aumentam as chances de o atleta ser o vencedor na competição ao jogo. Existem diferenças nos estados de humor de atletas que competem em modalidades individuais, coletivas e de luta em todos os fatores de humor (Tensão p<0,00; Depressão p<0,01; Raiva p<0,02; Vigor p<0,00; Fadiga p<0,02; Confusão p<0,00). As variáveis, raiva (OR=1.12), tensão (OR=0.92) e vigor (OR=1.09) integraram o modelo final na análise de regressão para os fatores de humor. Essa pesquisa conclui que existem características distintas entre o perfil de humor de atletas em modalidades individuais, coletivas e esportes de luta. Essas diferenças se evidenciam ao controlar os resultados alcançados pelos atletas. A partir de análises estatísticas tendo como controle o sexo e tendo a primeira colocação como desfecho, fica claro que quando aumenta a raiva e o vigor, associados à diminuição da tensão, aumentam as chances do atleta ser vencedor. A partir disso é possível apresentar o perfil de humor para atletas brasileiros vencedores nas três características de modalidades (individuais, coletivos e esportes de luta), onde nas coletivas, a zona ideal de humor para o alto rendimento caracteriza-se por elevado vigor associado a baixos níveis de tensão, depressão, raiva, fadiga e confusão. Em modalidades individuais, elevado vigor associado a níveis moderados de tensão e raiva, associados a baixa depressão, fadiga e confusão. Já nas modalidades de luta, além, elevado vigor e tensão, associado a níveis moderados de raiva, baixa depressão fadiga e confusão.
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Leslie, P. Jason. "The Effects of Video-Computerized Feedback on Competitive State Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Effort, and Baseball Hitting-Task Performance." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278280/.
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This study examined the effects of frame-by-frame video-computerized feedback on competitive state anxiety, self-efficacy, effort, and baseball performance of high school players. Players were randomly assigned to one of three feedback conditions: (a) Hitting score, (b) Hitting score and frame-by-frame analysis of a mechanically correct swing, (c) Hitting score and frame-by-frame analysis of participant's swing and a mechanically correct swing. Once per week for six weeks, the players completed three questionnaires: (a) Hitting Self-Efficacy Scale, (b) Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2C, and (c) Performance Effort Scale, and performed a hitting task. Results of the 3 (Group) x 6 (Trials) ANOVAs revealed no significant effects. This study does not support previous confidence-baseball hitting research.
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Strömberg, Josephine, and Johanna Bergeå. "Tävlingsryttares uppfattning gällande styrketräning." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25616.
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Equestrian sport is one of the biggest sports in Sweden with 29 600-competition riders. Equestrian sport demands a high physical capacity and competition riders need to have both strength, endurance and balance. Therefore, strength training should always be a part of a competition rider´s training regime, because strength training can lead to enhanced performance at the same time as it prevents injuries. Despite this, research that show how much strength training a competition rider perform is limited. Some say that competition riders most often don´t perform any training outside of riding, while some say that physical training is a natural element in a competition rider everyday life. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe competition rider´s perceptions regarding strength training as well as the motivation for strength training. Furthermore, the study aims at examining how much and what kind of strength training competition riders perform as well as why/why not strength training is being performed. Method: Information was gathered through questionnaires and through interviews. The selection for the questionnaire was based of competition riders over the age of 18 that compete in islandic horse-competition. The selection for the interviews was based of equestrian trainers in the south of Dalarna that all train competition rider. Results: The result showed that more than half of the competition riders that were part of this study reach the recommendations that are set for strength training. The result also showed a generally positive attitude towards strength training where a perception of strength training leading to a better riding performance was noticeable. The reasons why competition riders perform strength training turned out to be "To be healthy" and "To become a better rider". The reasons why competition rider’s don´t perform strength training turned out to be "Lack of time", "Lack of motivation" and to some extent also "Lack of knowledge". Slutsatser : The competition riders and equestrian trainers in this study generally have a positive attitude towards strength training, but despite of this there are some barriers that prevent strength training. Competition riders should work to overcome these barriers, because strength training has been showed important when performing on top in equestrian sport.Ridsporten en av de största sporterna i Sverige med 29 600 tävlingsryttare. Ridsporten kräver hög fysisk kapacitet hos utövaren och tävlingsryttare behöver både styrka, uthållighet och balans. Styrketräning bör därför alltid finnas med i ett träningsprogram för tävlingsryttare, då styrketräning kan optimera en tävlingsryttares prestation samtidigt som det förebygger skador. Forskning visar alltså att tävlingsryttare bör utföra styrketräning, men forskning som visar hur mycket styrketräning tävlingsryttare utför i praktiken är begränsad. Vissa menar att tävlingsryttare oftast rider sig i form, medan andra menar att fysisk träning är ett naturligt inslag i en tävlingsryttares vardag. Syfte : Syftet med studien var att redogöra för tävlingsryttares uppfattning gällande styrketräning samt motivationen till styrketräning. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka hur mycket och vilken form av styrketräning tävlingsryttare utför samt varför/varför inte styrketräning utförs. Metod: Information samlades in genom enkäter samt intervjuer. Urvalet till enkäterna bestod av tävlingsryttare över 18 som tävlar inom islandshästridsporten. Urvalet till intervjuerna bestod av ridtränare i södra Dalarna som tränar ryttare inom islandshästridsporten. Resultat: Resultatet visade en positiv inställning till styrketräning där en uppfattning om att styrketräning kan leda till bättre ridprestation kunde urskiljas. Mer än hälften av tävlingsryttarna i denna studie når upp till de rekommendationer som finns för styrketräning. Den form av styrketräning som oftast utförs är en blandning av max, volym- och uthållighetsstyrka samt endast uthållighetstyrka. Vidare visade resultatet att de faktorer som ofta leder till att tävlingsryttare styrketränar är "För att vara hälsosam" samt "För att bli en bättre ryttare". De faktorer som ofta ligger till grund för utebliven träning är "Tidsbrist", "Motivationsbrist" samt i viss mån även "Okunskap". Slutsatser: Tävlingsryttarna och ridtränarna i denna studie har generellt sett en positiv inställning till styrketräning, men trots detta finns det vissa barriärer som förhindrar styrketräning. Tävlingsryttarna bör försöka överkomma dessa barriärer, då styrketräning har visat sig vara av största vikt för att prestera på topp inom ridsporten.
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Molina, López Víctor Michael. "Causas y efectos de los afectos y la regulación emocional sobre la recuperación física y la adquisición de recursos personales en deportistas adolescentes chilenos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671928.
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In recent years, the evidence about the influence of emotions, emotional states and their regulation on sports and physical activity has increased considerably (Cece, Guillet- Descas, Nicaise, Lienhart, and Martinent, 2019; González, Garcés de los Fayos, López- Mora, and Zapata, 2016; Laborde, Dossevill and Allen, 2016; Ruiz, Raglin and Hanin, 2015; Sabatier, Restrepo, Moreno, Hoyos De los Rios, and Palacio, 2017). Suppporting this ideae, Hanin (1980, 1986, 2007, 2010), through a model based on individual areas of optimal functioning (IZOF), considers specific emotional patterns that reflect optimal levels of individual performance. For that reason, he proposes that meanwhile anxiety increases muscle tensión does it too, and on the other way arround attention tends to decrease. Likewise, the new reasearch tendency in the sports area has relationship with the influence that emotional states have on athletes when they compete, making emotional regulation one of the most interesting psychological variables to study, because there are different variables that influence them. In this context, the theory of self-determination of Ryan and Deci SDT (1985, 2002) emphasizes that the subjective well-being of the athlete would be constructed from basic psychological needs such as autonomy and social relationships influenced especially by the environmentEn los últimos años, el conjunto de evidencias sobre la influencia de las emociones, los estados emocionales y su regulación en los deportes y la actividad física ha aumentado considerablemente (Cece, Guillet-Descas, Nicaise, Lienhart, y Martinent, 2019; González, Garcés de los Fayos, López-Mora, y Zapata, 2016; Laborde, Dossevill y Allen, 2016; Ruiz, Raglin y Hanin, 2015; Sabatier, Restrepo, Moreno, Hoyos De los Rios, y Palacio, 2017). En este sentido, Hanin (1980, 1986, 2007, 2010), a través de un modelo basado en zonas individuales de funcionamiento óptimo (IZOF), considera patrones emocionales específicos que reflejan niveles óptimos de rendimiento individual y propone que a medida que la ansiedad aumenta también lo hace la tensión muscular, mientras que la atención tiende a disminuir. Asimismo, la influencia que los estados emocionales tienen en los deportistas cuando compiten ha hecho que la regulación emocional sea una de las variables psicológicas más interesantes a estudiar en los últimos años en el ámbito deportivo, debido a que existen diferentes variables que influyen en éstas. En este contexto, la teoría de la autodeterminación (SDT) de Ryan y Deci (1985, 2002) enfatiza que el bienestar subjetivo del deportista se construiría a partir de necesidades psicológicas básicas como son: la autonomía y las relaciones sociales influenciadas especialmente por el entorno
Programa de Doctorat en Psicologia, Salut i Qualitat de Vida
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Ekdahl, Linus, and Anna Folkesson. "Passion och ångest bland idrottare: en undersökning i samband med träning- och tävlingssituation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-41715.
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Syftet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka hur variablerna passion och ångest förhåller sig till varandra samt undersöka om situationen idrottare befinner sig i (träning eller match) har betydelse för dessa samband. I studien deltog 112 idrottare i åldrarna 15–34 år (M=20.2, SD=4.3) från tio olika idrottsföreningar i Halland. Deltagarna mättes en gång inför träning och en gång inför match. Resultatet visade att det förelåg ett negativt signifikant samband mellan harmonisk passion och ångest inför träning (r = -.19, p <.05) och match (r = -.32, p <.01) samt att det inte förelåg ett positivt signifikant samband mellan tvångsmässig passion och ångest inför träning (r = .16, p >.05) och match (r = .07, p >.05). Resultatet visade även att situationen hade en signifikant effekt på deltagarnas upplevda ångest (p <.01). Vidare visade resultatet att det fanns en signifikant skillnad i upplevd ångest mellan de två formerna av passion (p <.01). Däremot förelåg det ingen signifikant interaktionseffekt mellan de två olika formerna av passion och de två olika situationerna i upplevd ångest (p >.05). Baserat på studiens resultat, framhävs vikten av en harmonisk passion då denna verkar vara en mer hälsosam väg till idrottslig prestation.The purpose of this study was to investigate how the variables passion and anxiety relate to each other, as well as investigate if the type of situation athletes are exposed to (practice vs. game) is of significance for this relation. In the study, 112 athletes between 15-34 years of age (M=20.2, SD=4.3) from ten different sports associations in Halland participated. The participants were measured once right before a practice and once right before a game. The results showed that there was a negative significant correlation between harmonious passion and anxiety prior to practice (r = -.19, p <.05) and game situation (r = -32, p <.01), but showed no positive significant correlation between obsessive passion and anxiety prior to practice (r = .16, p >.05) and game situation (r = .07, p >.05). Furthermore, the results showed that the type of situation had a significant effect on the level of anxiety among the participants (p <.01). The results also showed that there was a significant difference in levels of anxiety depending on the type of passion (p <.01). However, there appeared to be no significant interaction effect between the two groups of passion and the level of anxiety depending on the situation (p >.05). Based on the results of the study, a harmonious passion is desirable, since this seems to be a healthier road toward athletic performance.
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Lorenzen, Michael E. "A balancing act: Managing the tension between competitive outcomes and educational development in collegiate athletics." Scholarly Commons, 2010. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2418.
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Student-athletes have the opportunity for significant development that can enhance their undergraduate experience through participation in intercollegiate athletics. The commercial and cultural influence of professional sports has, however, increasingly challenged the efforts of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) to maintain a developmental focus. Some college sports, particularly football and men's basketball, are now relied upon to generate revenue, which requires successful outcomes and accountability to commercial interests. The disproportionate influence of those revenue sports on Division I athletic culture challenges the credibility of all collegiate sports as appropriate components of higher education. This case study examines the women's gymnastics team at a large Division I institution, Big State University (BSU), over the course of the 2010 season. BSU Gymnastics has achieved sufficient competitive success that the coaches were subject to similar pressure to that which their football and basketball colleagues experienced. The study is a qualitative investigation of the leadership and mentoring practices of the coaching staff, particularly in regard to their ability to maintain a focus on student-athlete development in the face of external pressure from various stakeholders to prioritize winning. Using control systems theory and a new typology of sport, the researcher interviewed coaches and student-athletes, analyzed BSU's 2010 season, and found that the coaches consistently prioritized the developmental experience of their student-athletes. A significant additional finding of the study is that coaches play a critical buffering role, sheltering student-athletes from influences that might otherwise undermine the beneficial aspects of intercollegiate athletics participation.
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Po-Yu, Huang, and 黃柏瑜. "A Study of Leadership Behavior and Athletes pressure under competition for Taipei High School Athletes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46921897175750216388.
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碩士臺北市立教育大學
體育學系體育碩士學位在職進修專班
100
The objects of the study are the school team players who have entered the high schools in Taipei in 2010. The research method is random sampling. Among the 400 questionnaires which have been done before April 12th, 2011, there are 382 ones that are effective. The Analysis shows that: 1. Among the factors of the leadership behaviors, “Caring” &; “Democracy” are the most top 2 factors. Following are “rewarding,” “training and directing,” and “autocracy.” And the factors of the pressure, “environment” and “result of competition” are the most important factors. Following are “teammates,” “audience,” “coach, ” and “anxious characteristics.” 2. In the leadership behavior of the coaches of high school teams, an obvious difference has shown on the factor of personal background such as gender, grade, type of the team, and seniority. Only few differences has shown on the training density. However, for the pressure of the players, the obvious differences only show at the factors of seniority and training density. Not much difference has shown on the factors of gender, grade and type of the team. 3. There is only a little relationship and connection between the leadership of the coach and the pressure of competition for the players of high school teams in Taipei.
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Ferreira, Suzanne. "The preparation of athletes with cerebral palsy for elite competition /." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1459.
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Walker, Tracy Lynn. "Firecracker : an examination of how adolescent female athletes understand their competitiveness /." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370500&T=F.
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翁麒焜. "RELATIONSHIPS OF TENNIS ATHLETES’ PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPETITIVE ABILITIES AND COMPETITION TRAIT ANXIETY." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95447589650130215445.
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碩士國立體育大學
體育研究所
95
The purpose of this study was to: a) compare difference of the demographic characteristics on psychological competitive abilities and competition trait anxiety on tennis athletes, b) understand the relationship between psychological competitive abilities and competition trait anxiety on tennis athletes, c) explore the anticipation of psychological competitive abilities for competition trait anxiety. The participants of this research include 121 tennis athletes from the National Tennis Placing Game, the average age for all participants was 18.55± 2.05. The research instruments included Psychological Competitive Abilities Scale and Sport Competition Anxiety Test. Means of statistics in use in this research include: Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Results of this research are as follows: 1. the results based on differences of aged groups, athletic classification, sport performance levels: (1) For the results of psychological competitive abilities, there was no statistically significant difference between different aged groups and athletic classification. For sport performance levels, the results indicated that national athletes had significantly higher scores than local athletes on the factors of team spirit, decision making, and ordinary attitude in tennis. (2) For the results of competition trait anxiety, there was no statistically significant difference between different aged groups in tennis, but the finding revealed that high school athlete class had higher scores than collegiate athlete class in tennis. The results also pointed out those local athletes had higher scores than national athletes on competition trait anxiety in tennis. 2. there was a negatively significant correlation between decision making, aggressive, ordinary attitude, athletic competitive thought, and competitive trait anxiety on tennis athletes. 3. the factors of aggressive, ordinary attitude, and athletic competitive thought could be significantly predicted the tennis athletes’ competitive train anxiety. Especially, the athletic competitive thought could be a major prediction. According the above stated results, this research raises issues for discussion, hopes to provide succeeding researches, coaches with valuable suggestions on athletic training.
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Huang, Hui-Yu, and 黃彙鈺. "Study of Preparation and Psychological Adjustment of Triathlon Athletes before the Competition." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ytevjs.
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碩士臺北市立大學
運動科學研究所碩士在職專班
105
This study mainly discusses the preparation and psychological adjustment of the triathletes before the competitions. The research methods were based on in-depth interviews with semi-structured questionnaires to collect relevant information. Through the dialogue with the interviewee, it was found out and realized that when triathlon contestants faced the high pressure, strong gathered in the event, how could they do the pre-match physiology preparation and psychological adjustment.The respondents in this study were divided into two groups: group A were teenage elite players, group B were middle-age amateur. Both of them had got the top three places at domestic or foreign countries events before the interviews. Through interviews with respondents in depth, the researcher sort out, analyze, summarize and got the following conclusions: 1. Triathlon competition is a kind of high level challenge, and high irritation movement. So that before the full training is indispensable, the quality and quantity of training are occupying a pivotal influence. 2. Training should be followed at scientific, systematic program, in order to reduce the sports injuries got the maximum movement benefits as well. 3. when facing the treacherous and varied, sport events, triathletes should have master gathered in the enough psychological tolerance, and uphold the spirit of “never give up”.
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Wu, Chen-Ching, and 烏晨晴. "Study of Enhancing Pre-Competition Mental ToughnessUsing Metaphoric Cards on Martial Art Athletes." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4a479c.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
競技運動訓練研究所
106
Purpose: The study was designed to explore the enhancement of pre- competition mental toughness using metaphoric cards in counselling sessions on collegiate martial art athletes. Methods: Subjects were elite martial art athletes of University of Taipei and were divided into experimental and control groups. One-hour counselling using metaphoric cards were conducted for the experimental group for five weeks. Pre- competition State Mental Toughness Inventory was administered to examine the change of mental toughness for all subjects. Results: No significant difference on pre-competition mental toughness was found statistically due to small amount of subjects. Experimental group subjects perceived positive effects on perception of threat, self-confidence, desire to win, and anti-pressure. Based on descriptive data, perception of threat of experimental group was much lower than control group in post-test, and toughness response of experimental group was increased in post-test. Conclusion: Counselling with metaphoric cards help decrease perception of threat for competition and increase toughness response for athletes which refers to a better pre-competition state mental toughness.
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Oberholzer, Arisja. "Motivation profiles and competitive anxiety of young athletes in senior secondary schools." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4235.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.The aim of the study was to explore motivational profiles and competitive anxiety in secondary school athletes who spend at least eight hours or more on sport during a week. The study included 267 adolescent athletes in secondary school ranging from grade 8 to grade 12, with a mean age of 15.52 (SD = 1.49). These athletes were asked to volunteer for the study in various schools in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa. The sample comprised 189 boys and 78 girls who participated in a variety of sports. They were asked to complete a biographical questionnaire, The Task and Ego Sport Questionnaire (Nicholls, 1989) and the Sport Competitive Anxiety Test (Martens, 1982). The results indicated that the participants had a high task orientation as opposed to a moderate ego orientation in sport. Most of the participants had a moderate level of competitive sport anxiety. Two distinct motivational profiles emerged from the results: High Task/High Ego and High Task/Low Ego. No significant differences were found between gender and age groups with regards to motivational profiles and anxiety levels. A correlation was found between task orientation and ego orientation, but not between motivational profiles and anxiety.
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hung, lai kuo, and 賴國弘. "The Analysis of the Intensity of Basketball Competition of Elite High School Female Athletes." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15761518138909779197.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
92
The purpose of this study was to compare the VO2max, anaerobic power, movement type, blood lactate and BUN after competition of basketball athletes in different position (guard, forward and center). Subjects were 15 female senior high school basketball athletes. The study was divided into three parts: 1.Test of VO2max and anaerobic power by using treadmill and ergometer. 2.caculate the time of movement types (standing/walking, jogforward/backward, run forward/backward, sprint,low shuffle,medium shuffle, high huffle, and jumping) by filming formal competition of the subjects. 3.Analyze the change of blood lactate and BUN after a formal competition of the subjects. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Turkey post comparison. The result revealed that the percentage of low, middle and high intensity movement was 60.43%, 31.07% and 8.49% respectively. The percentage of one of the middle-intensity movement- running forward/backward of center was significantly higher than guard. The percantage of high-intensity movement- sprinting of guard was significantly higher than center. There was no significant difference in other types of movement among these three positions. The peak of the blood lactate of the subjects was appeared immediately after competition (3.49±1.23 mmol．L-1). There was no difference in VO2max, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity and fatigue index among these three positions. Key Wards:basketball still, position, physiological data, blood lactate
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Chen, Hao-Wen, and 陳灝文. "study of Sport Confidence of Collegiate Martial Art Athletes before and after the Competition." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bnygn9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北市立大學
競技運動訓練研究所
107
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the changes and differences of sport confidence of collegiate Martial Art athletes with different backgrounds before and after the competition. Methods: Participants were 48 athletes, including long fist, southern fist, and taichi, competed in 2016 National Martial Art Tournament, and the mean age was 20.19 +- 1.77 years old. State Sport Confidence Inventory was administered one month before, one day before, and one day after the competition. Two factor repeated measure ANOVA was used for data analyses. Results: When armed, no difference was found on sport confidence with regard to difficulty degree, gender, type, and school grade; confidence was significantly higher one day before the game than a month before; confidence was significantly higher on long fist and taichi athletes one day before the game than a month before; confidence of experienced participants was better than less experienced participants. When unarmed, no difference was found on sport confidence with regard to difficulty degree, gender, type, school grade, and training experience; no difference was found on confidence among one month before, one day before, and one day after the game. Conclusion: Sport confidence is enhanced when approaching game day, which reveal good mental quality and adaptation ability of elite martial art athletes in Taiwan, and better athletic performance would be brought out.
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Cheng, Cheng-Yu, and 鄭育成. "Relationship between Intercollegiate Athletes’ Defense Mechanisms and Intensity and Direction of Competition State Anxiety." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39460199264980931351.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣體育大學(桃園)
體育研究所
96
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between intercollegiate athletes’ defense mechanisms and intensity and direction of state anxiety. By using defense mechanisms questionnaire and competitive state anxiety inventory-2, this study investigated 175 (male=125, female=50) intercollegiate athletes of NTSU, and analyzing data by t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple stepwise regression. The results were as follows: (1) Anticipation was the major defense mechanism that intercollegiate athletes used in coping competition anxiety; (2) Young athletes used more immature-level, passive-aggression, and denial than high-age group; (3) Male used more immature-level, humor, suppression, projection, passive-aggression, autistic fantasy, and denial than female counterparts; (4) There were significant positive relationship between projection and intensity of somatic anxiety, passive-aggression and intensity of state anxiety, but negative relationship between acting out and direction of cognitive anxiety; (5)Passive-aggression positively predicted intensity of state anxiety and direction of somatic anxiety negatively, however, acting out negatively predicted direction of cognitive anxiety. This study suggested that coaches should teach intercollegiate athletes mental skills so to effectively deal with anxiety positively. And for future study, it is also suggested that researchers may further study the relationship between defense mechanism and competition anxiety by considering athletes cognitive ability and psychological development in the variables that measured.
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Chen, Chia-Wen, and 陳佳妏. "The Study of Social Support , Competition Pressure and Competition Achievement among Skill Athletes in Vocational High Schools:the Moderating Effects of Social Support." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47354961694781085119.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
102
The purpose of this study was to explore the social support towards a model of competition pressure among skill athletes in vocational high schools . This study used the Fitts（1962）skills acquisition and social support theory to examine the influences of competition pressure to competition achievement by social support 's moderator effect. Through literature review and pre-test, a questionnaire was developed with sufficient reliability and validity. Out of 370 issued questionnaires ,a total of 339were returned valid , with a return rate of 92%. The analyses used were SPSS19.0 and AMOS21.0. The findings were （1）In the fixation phase and autonomous phase, competition pressure towards competition achievement expressed by skill athletes are negative significantly different.（2）In the fixation phase and autonomous phase, social support towards competition achievement expressed by skill athletes are positive significantly different.（3）In the fixation phase, The effects of social support are mediated by competition pressure and competition achievement .
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Winkler, Chris Charles. "NCAA academic eligibility standards for competition in Division III." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/18369.
Full textAbstract:
In NCAA Division I, academic eligibility standards are national in scope and are the same for all institutions. In NCAA Division III, there are no national standards; rather each member institution establishes its own academic eligibility standards. However, information on these standards has never been collected and published, leaving a significant hole in the research in this area. The problem addressed by this study was to collect this academic eligibility information on the members of one Division III conference. A number of questions were addressed in the study. One was, how do Division III eligibility standards compare to Division I standards? Another was, how do eligibility standards in the Division III institutions studied compare to each other? Since differences were found, a final question addressed was, do the differences in academic eligibility standards between the Division III institutions lead to competitive equity issues. Data on academic eligibility standards from 15 members of one Division III conference were collected through interviews of Compliance Officers at each institution. The data were compared to the NCAA national standards for Division I. The data were also analyzed for differences among the Division III institutions studied. A correlation analysis was used to determine if a relationship existed between academic eligibility standards and competitive equity. The findings of the study were that on most of the academic eligibility variables, the Division III institutions studied had lower standards than the national standards for Division I. In the comparison of Division III institutions to each other, differences were found for high school core course requirements, transfer and continuing student credit hour requirements, and exceptions to the rules. While the study found pronounced differences in competitive equity among the Division III institutions studied, there was no clear indication of any relationship between eligibility requirements and competitive equity. This study provided some interesting information about the institutions in one Division III conference. However, the study raised as many questions as it answered. More work needs to be done to determine whether the policies followed by NCAA Division III institutions are truly different from those followed by Division I institutions.text
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LeMaire, Julie. "The effect of uniform color on athletes' readiness for competition and perceptions of opponents' attributes." 2007. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Chou, Ting-Yuan, and 周廷原. "Study of Biochemical Indices of Elite Wushu Shanshou Athletes Before and After A Formal Competition." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40241747467158197591.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
運動教練研究所
93
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the variation of blood and uric indices among elite Wushou Shanshou athletes during a formal national competition. The method of 11 athletes who had won national 1st to 3rd place before participated as subjects. Blood and uric indices including blood lactate, Hb, CK, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirubin, urbilinogen (URO), ketone bodies,glucose,albuminuria,occult blood,pH and specific gravity were collected in the morning, pre- and after each match and the next morning. The result showed that: in the morning of the competition, blood lactate and Hb were normal while BUN and CK volume were above normal. Bilirubin, URB, albuminuria, ketone body, glucose and occult blood were found in uric samples. Blood lactate and albuminuria after a match were significantly higher than pre- volume. In the next morning, BUN and CK were higher than normal volume, and albuminuria was still found in uric samples. The results revealed that due to over training or improper weight loss plan, blood and uric samples of Wushou Shanshou athletes showed fatigue before competition and these phenomena remained till the next morning. The result also showed that the intensity of a single match was about moderate.
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Hsieh, Pei-chun, and 謝佩君. "The psychology of rehabilitation after major surgery and history of the competition in elite athletes." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43168009647757584841.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
運動競技學系
103
Abstract This study aimed to explore the elite athletes in rehabilitation psychology process after major surgery, as well as the important factors affecting the transition of athletes return to the court less than two years. The qualitative study was conducted by in-depth interviews, to interview the five respondents of women's team sports players who represented to participate international competition at least the Asia-class competition. Interview results are supplemented by literature review, collation and analysis via the concept of narrative analysis. The findings of this study showed the main situation and the factors of elite players injured, rehabilitation psychology process after major surgery and return to the court are as follows: 1) The main reasons that cause most outstanding athletes injured are compitition, fatigue, overtraining, and climate, 2) after the injured, the psychological and emotion of alathlete in compliance with the stage model and the cognitive model, gradually overcome the shadow and inner fear, transition from depression and other negative emotions to positive by self-talk goals setting to rediscover their own values, 3) the important factors in rehabilitation psychology process after major surgery than return to court successfully can be found in family, friends, teammates, coaches and trainer support, plus the players self-talk, can enhance mental construction, giving players a positive energy and reduce negative thoughts. The follow-up studies could be compare with personal projects and group projects, individual sports and team sports contain different gender, in order to find the variety factors cause to hurt, and the differences in the process of rehabilitation to do in-depth analysis.
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Chen, Shun-Yi, and 陳順義. "A Study of Risk Factors on the Competition Performance- Taekwondo and Tennis Athletes as Examples." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46812055203600932845.
Full textAbstract:
博士中國文化大學
體育學系運動教練碩博士班
101
The purpose of this study was to develop a suitable questionnaire on risk factors of the elite Taekwondo and tennis athletes to improve the risk management of Taekwondo and tennis players. The Taekwondo and tennis players who have participated in international and the collegiate open group competitions were served as the subjects. Taekwondo players recovered 100 valid questionnaires, effective rate 86.2% and tennis players recovered 117 valid questionnaires, effective rate 87.3%. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical method, independent t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, and structural equation model (SEM). The significant level was set α=.05. The result indicated that a questionnaire on risk factors of the elite Taekwondo and tennis athletes was developed and implemented. Female tennis players in a self management significantly higher than male players (p<.05), the rest were found no significant differences. There were many positive correlations between the various aspects of competition risks in Taekwondo and tennis players. This study could effectively establish the Taekwondo and tennis players’ competition risk management. It was conclused that the study shown that the developed for the elite Taekwondo and tennis players’ risk factor questionnaires may provide reference for other sports to diminish risk factors in competition.
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WU, JYUN-FU, and 吳駿甫. "AN ANALYSIS OF SPECIFIC PHYSICAL FITNESS AND COMPETITION PERFORMANCE OF THE COLLEGIATE DECATHLON ATHLETES IN TAIWAN." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pa59m2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣體育運動大學
競技運動學系碩士班
105
Purpose：The purpose of this study is investigate the relationship between Taiwanese college decathlon athletes' specific physical fitness and competition performance, and to compare differences between Taiwanese college decathlon athlete’s performance and the Summer Universiade athlete’s performance. Method：The study was performed by 14 Taiwanese college open-class decathlon male athletes as study objects. Specific physical fitness tests were used to compare the Taiwanese college athletes' performance and their physical ability. The tests included 30m Flying start, LJ Take-off, Underhand SP , Scissor HJ, 250 meters , 4H, 50m bound , Bench Press , 10 meters and 1200 meters run. Besides, we also collected study objects' scores at national decathlon events in the past two years and 2015 Summer Universiade athlete’s. After collecting the data, we discussed the relationships between the physical fitness of the athletes and performance. Result:：30m Flying start, Underhand SP, Scissor HJ, 4H, 50m bound, Bench Press and all the other test events are significant correlation to the competition performance(p<.05). Taiwanese athletes were particular good at running events and were weak at throwing and jumping events, which had a performance gap between Taiwanese athletes and Summer Universiade athletes. The three biggest gap with Summer Universiade athletes were pole vault, discus throw and shot put. Conclusion：We should focus more on the training of throwing and jumping’s specific technics and physical fitness.