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Journal articles on the topic 'Competition (Biology)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Broz, Amanda K., Daniel K. Manter, Ragan M. Callaway, Mark W. Paschke, and Jorge M. Vivanco. "A molecular approach to understanding plant - plant interactions in the context of invasion biology." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 11 (2008): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08155.

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Competition is a major determinant of plant community structure, and can influence the size and reproductive fitness of a species. Therefore, competitive responses may arise from alterations in gene expression and plant function when an individual is confronted with new competitors. This study explored competition at the level of gene expression by hybridising transcripts from Centaurea maculosa Lam., one of North America’s most invasive exotic plant species, to an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh microarray chip. Centaurea was grown in competition with Festuca idahoensis Elmer, a native species that generally has weak competitive effects against Centaurea; Gaillardia aristata Pursh, a native species that tends to be a much stronger competitor against Centaurea; and alone (control). Some transcripts were induced or repressed to a similar extent regardless of the plant neighbour grown with Centaurea. Other transcripts showed differential expression that was specific to the competitor species, possibly indicating a species-specific aspect of the competitive response of Centaurea. These results are the first to identify genes in an invasive plant that are induced or repressed by plant neighbours and provide a new avenue of insight into the molecular aspects of plant competitive ability.

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2

Weber, Edward D., and Kurt D. Fausch. "Interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids in streams: differences in biology and evidence for competition." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1018–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-087.

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Competition between hatchery-reared and wild salmonids in streams has frequently been described as an important negative ecological interaction, but differences in behavior, physiology, and morphology that potentially affect competitive ability have been studied more than direct tests of competition. We review the differences reported, designs appropriate for testing different hypotheses about competition, and tests of competition reported in the literature. Many studies have provided circumstantial evidence for competition, but the effects of competition were confounded with other variables. Most direct experiments of competition used additive designs that compared treatments in which hatchery fish were introduced into habitats containing wild fish with controls without hatchery fish. These studies are appropriate for quantifying the effects of hatchery fish at specific combinations of fish densities and stream carrying capacity. However, they do not measure the relative competitive ability of hatchery versus wild fish because the competitive ability of hatchery fish is confounded with the increased density that they cause. We are aware of only two published studies that used substitutive experimental designs in which density was held equal among treatments, thereby testing for differences in competitive ability. Additional substitutive experiments will help managers to better understand the ecological risk of stocking hatchery fish.

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3

Bateman, Alex, Janet Kelso, Daniel Mietchen, Geoff Macintyre, Tomás Di Domenico, Thomas Abeel, Darren W. Logan, Predrag Radivojac, and Burkhard Rost. "ISCB Computational Biology Wikipedia Competition." PLoS Computational Biology 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2013): e1003242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003242.

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4

Zuschratter, W. "The Current Biology Photomicrography Competition." Current Biology 10, no. 8 (April 2000): R289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00428-0.

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5

Lucas, Marsha E. "2011 Developmental Biology Cover Competition." Developmental Biology 356, no. 1 (August 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.012.

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6

Horácio, Elvira C. A., Lucas M. de Carvalho, Gustavo G. Pereira, Mayla C. Abrahim, Mônica P. Coelho, Deivid A. De Jesus, Glen J. Y. García, Raquel C. de Melo-Minardi, and Sheila T. Nagamatsu. "Know-how of holding a Bioinformatics competition: Structure, model, overview, and perspectives." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 12 (December 21, 2023): e1011679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011679.

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The article presents a framework for a Bioinformatics competition that focuses on 4 key aspects: structure, model, overview, and perspectives. Structure represents the organizational framework employed to coordinate the main tasks involved in the competition. Model showcases the competition design, which encompasses 3 phases. Overview presents our case study, the League of Brazilian Bioinformatics (LBB) 2nd Edition. Finally, the section on perspectives provides a brief discussion of the LBB 2nd Edition, along with insights and feedback from participants. LBB is a biannual team competition launched in 2019 to promote the ongoing training of human resources in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in Brazil. LBB aims to stimulate ongoing training in Bioinformatics by encouraging participation in competitions, promoting the organization of future Bioinformatics competitions, and fostering the integration of the Bioinformatics and Computational Biology community in the country, as well as collaboration among participants. The LBB 2nd Edition was launched in 2021 and featured 251 competitors forming 91 teams. Knowledge competitions promote learning, collaboration, and innovation, which are crucial for advancing scientific knowledge and solving real-world problems. In summary, this article serves as a valuable resource for individuals and organizations interested in developing knowledge competitions, offering a model based on our experience with LBB to benefit all levels of Bioinformatics trainees.

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7

Brown, J. "The iGEM competition: building with biology." IET Synthetic Biology 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-stb:20079020.

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8

Eliáš, Pavol. "30 rokov Medzinárodnej biologickej olympiády." Biológia, ekológia, chémia 25, no. 2 (2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31262/1338-1024/2021/25/2/10-23.

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International biology olympiad (IBO) – an international competition of secondary grammer school students in biology – was established in 1989 and first competition was organized in 1990 in Czechoslovakia (Olomouc). In the 1st IBO 22 students and 6 countries participated. Winners of the respective national competitions – their skills in trackling biological problems, and dealing with biological experiments are tested. The competition consists two parts – theoretical test and practical tasks, in 50:50 ratio. Coordination centre of IBO located in Prague, International Scientific Advisory Board (ISAB, now AB IBO), national coordinators and since 2008 also steering committee have been responsible for organization of the competition. In the last 30 years number of countries and students participated in the competition evidently increased. In 30th IBO, which was held in Hungary (Szeged) in 2019, 285 students and 72 countries of the world participated. In 2020 IBO was organized in distance/online form only caused by Covid 19 pandemic situation.

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9

Uyar, Yalcin, Ambra Gentile, Hamza Uyar, Övünç Erdeveciler, Hakan Sunay, Veronica Mîndrescu, Dino Mujkic, and Antonino Bianco. "Competition, Gender Equality, and Doping in Sports in the Red Queen Effect Perspective." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052490.

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The nature of sports is characterized by a strong competitive component that generates inequalities among athletes at different levels, specifically in relation to gender, technology, and doping. These inequalities can be represented according to the Red Queen effect perspective, which has been previously hypothesized in other competitive environments (evolutionary biology and economics, for instance). The Red Queen effect considers each competitive environment to require a constant effort to maintain a position of competitive advantage in order reach the best result possible. Therefore, the aim of the current paper is to provide an innovative perspective for the understanding of competition in sports, identifying factors (i.e., physical appearance for gender equality, socioeconomic status of a sport team for technology, and antidoping rules for doping) influencing athletes’ possibilities to win a competition. Concerning gender differences, the disparity between genders reflects a lower coverage in sports news, and media are more likely to focus on female athletes’ physical appearance than their performance in sports. Therefore, women struggle more with increasing their visibility and in affirming their status as an athlete. On the other hand, the introduction of science and technological innovations in sports has generated economic interests in sport competitions, which reached superior performance levels compared to the past. Teams that cannot afford financial burdens of technological innovation risk being left out from sport competitions. Finally, doping creates a Red Queen environment since antidoping rules catch a small portion of athletes using performance enhancement drugs.

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10

Donaldson, Timothy D., and Robert J. Duronio. "Cancer Cell Biology: Myc Wins the Competition." Current Biology 14, no. 11 (June 2004): R425—R427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.05.035.

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11

Zhao, Xin-Feng, Angus Buckling, Quan-Guo Zhang, and Elze Hesse. "Specific adaptation to strong competitors can offset the negative effects of population size reductions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1875 (March 28, 2018): 20180007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0007.

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Competition plays a crucial role in determining adaptation of species, yet we know little as to how adaptation is affected by the strength of competition. On the one hand, strong competition typically results in population size reductions, which can hamper adaptation owing to a shortage of beneficial mutations; on the other hand, specificity of adaptation to competitors may offset the negative evolutionary consequences of such population size effects. Here, we investigate how competition strength affects population fitness in the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens . Our results demonstrate that strong competition constrains adaptation of focal populations, which can be partially explained by population size reductions. However, fitness assays also reveal specific adaptation of focal populations to particular competitors varying in competitive ability. Additionally, this specific adaptation can offset the negative effects of competitor-mediated population size reductions under strong competition. Our study, therefore, highlights the importance of opposing effects of strong competition on species adaptation, which may lead to different outcomes of colonization under intense and relaxed competitive environments in the context of population dispersal.

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12

Perry, V. H., and L. Maffei. "Dendritic competition: competition for what?" Developmental Brain Research 41, no. 1-2 (June 1988): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-3806(88)90182-4.

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13

Cariboni, Anna. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 10 (October 2004): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1513.

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14

Chalouni, Cécile. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 11 (November 2004): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1539.

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15

Moreira, José. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 12 (December 2004): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1560.

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16

Andrews, Paul. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 2 (February 2003): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1047.

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17

Kiseleva, Elena. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 3 (March 2003): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1067.

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18

Svistoonoff, Sergio. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 4 (April 2003): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1094.

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19

Yu, Wei. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 5 (May 2003): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1121.

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20

Karagiosis, Sue. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 6 (June 2003): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1146.

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21

Gimona, Mario. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 7 (July 2003): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1168.

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22

Runions, John. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 8 (August 2003): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1192.

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23

Tai, Yu-Tzu. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 9 (September 2003): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1217.

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24

Dean, Paul. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 11 (November 2003): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1272.

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25

Dahiya, Preeti. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 4, no. 12 (December 2003): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1292.

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26

Cassiani Ingoni, Riccardo. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 1 (January 2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1306.

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27

Schwartz, Olivier. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 3 (March 2004): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1352.

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28

Solomon, David. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 4 (April 2004): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1380.

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29

Campos, Lia Scotti. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 5 (May 2004): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1396.

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30

Kiseleva, Elena. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 6 (June 2004): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1419.

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31

Daniels, Matthew. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 7 (July 2004): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1442.

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32

Nijsse, Jaap. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 8 (August 2004): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1466.

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33

Phillips, Carrie. "Image competition." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 9 (September 2004): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1486.

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34

Hamilton, Michael, Reece Cowan, Kartikay Pabbi, Sarah Matta, Madison Packer, Lyndsey de Guzman, and Ammarah Nakhuda. "2021-2022 STEM Sustainability Case Competition: Synthetic Biology." Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal 6, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): A1—A9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26685/urncst.351.

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35

Holden, C. "CELL BIOLOGY: U.S. States Offer Asia Stiff Competition." Science 307, no. 5710 (February 4, 2005): 662–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.307.5710.662.

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36

Thamamongood, Thiprampai, Nathaniel Z. L. Lim, Trevor Y. H. Ho, Shotaro Ayukawa, Daisuke Kiga, and King L. Chow. "Cultivation of Synthetic Biology with the iGEM Competition." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 17, no. 2 (March 20, 2013): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2013.p0161.

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The main goal of synthetic biology is to create new biological modules that augment or modify the behavior of living organisms in performing different tasks. These modules are useful in a wide range of applications, such as medicine, agriculture, energy and environmental remediation. The concept is simple, but a paradigm shift needs to be in place among future life scientists and engineers to embrace this new direction. The international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competition fits this purpose well as a synthetic biology competition mainly for undergraduate students. Participants design and construct biological devices using standardized and customized biological parts that are then characterized and submitted to an existing and ever expanding library. Overall, iGEM is an eye-opening learning experience for undergraduate students. It has made a strong educational impact on participating students and cultivated a future cohort of synthetic biology practitioners and ambassadors.

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37

Ferrarelli, L. K. "Noncoded Competition." Science Signaling 7, no. 308 (January 14, 2014): ec9-ec9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2005071.

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38

Kiberstis, P. A. "Unhealthy Competition." Science Signaling 1, no. 51 (December 17, 2008): ec443-ec443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.151ec443.

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39

Moon, Hannah. "iGEM 2021: A Year in Review." BioDesign Research 2022 (March 15, 2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9794609.

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The international Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Foundation has continued to promote synthetic biology education throughout its 2021 competition. The 2021 Virtual iGEM Jamboree was the culmination of the competition’s growth, with 350 projects from 7314 innovators globally. Collegiate, high school, and community lab teams applied their ideas to the Registry of Standard Biological Parts, designing biological systems that provide solutions to an international scope of issues. The environmental, diagnostics, and therapeutics tracks continue to be the most prevalent focal points for projects, as students devise approaches to detrimental impacts of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. The competition exemplifies high standards of human practices, biosafety, and biosecurity through responsible biological engineering. As the iGEM Foundation continues pioneering STEM education into the future, equal developments of the competition’s economic accessibility, global diversity, and long-term impact are necessary to allow a larger range of thinkers to access the power of synthetic biology.

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40

Stubbendieck, Reed M., and Paul D. Straight. "Multifaceted Interfaces of Bacterial Competition." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 16 (May 31, 2016): 2145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00275-16.

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Microbial communities span many orders of magnitude, ranging in scale from hundreds of cells on a single particle of soil to billions of cells within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Bacterial cells in all habitats are members of densely populated local environments that facilitate competition between neighboring cells. Accordingly, bacteria require dynamic systems to respond to the competitive challenges and the fluctuations in environmental circumstances that tax their fitness. The assemblage of bacteria into communities provides an environment where competitive mechanisms are developed into new strategies for survival. In this minireview, we highlight a number of mechanisms used by bacteria to compete between species. We focus on recent discoveries that illustrate the dynamic and multifaceted functions used in bacterial competition and discuss how specific mechanisms provide a foundation for understanding bacterial community development and function.

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41

MAW, M. G., A. G. THOMAS, and A. STAHEVITCH. "THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 66. Artemisia absinthium L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-054.

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Biological data are summarized for Artemisia absinthium L., an introduced species that has escaped from domestication where it was grown for its medicinal properties. It is a weed of roadsides, waste places, farmyards, gardens, and shelter-belts and although found in every province and the northern United States, it is particularly prevalent in the prairie provinces and the northern great plains states. It can be controlled by cultivation but is capable of invading overgrazed pastures, hay fields and croplands that are periodically disturbed. It is generally a poor competitor and can be controlled by grass competition and by herbicides.Key words: Absinth, Artemisia absinthium, weed biology

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42

Eckdahl, Todd T., A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, and Jeffrey L. Poet. "Synthetic Biology and the International Genetically Engineered Machines Competition." BIOS 81, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1893/011.081.0101.

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43

Rowe, Melissah, and Stephen Pruett-Jones. "Reproductive biology and sperm competition in Australian fairy-wrens." Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 17, no. 1 (February 2006): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/147020606783437949.

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44

Ngo, Clarissa, Linda Mardiros, and Rashida Rajgara. "Scinapse 2019-2020 Undergraduate Science Case Competition: Augmented Biology." Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal 4, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): A1—A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26685/urncst.184.

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45

Kelwick, Richard, Laura Bowater, Kay H. Yeoman, and Richard P. Bowater. "Promoting microbiology education through the iGEM synthetic biology competition." FEMS Microbiology Letters 362, no. 16 (August 2015): fnv129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv129.

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46

Bottomley, Christian, Valerie Isham, and Maria-Gloria Basáñez. "Population biology of multispecies helminth infection: Competition and coexistence." Journal of Theoretical Biology 244, no. 1 (January 2007): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2006.07.022.

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47

Thies, Janice E., B. Ben Bohlool, and Paul W. Singleton. "Environmental effects on competition for nodule occupancy between introduced and indigenous rhizobia and among introduced strains." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-081.

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Understanding the impact of environmental variables on interstrain competition is important to ensure the successful use of rhizobial inoculant. In eight inoculation trials conducted at five diverse sites on Maui, Hawaii, equal numbers of three serologically distinct strains of effective, homologous rhizobia in a peat-based inoculant were applied to seeds of soybean, bush bean, cowpea, lima bean, peanut, leucaena, clover, and tinga pea. We studied the influence of environmental variables on interstrain competition between applied and indigenous rhizobia and among the three strains comprising the inoculum. Although temperature and soil fertility were correlated with nodule occupancy by inoculant strains in a few cases, the most significant environmental variable controlling their competitive success was the size of the indigenous rhizobial population. Nodule occupancy was best described (r2 = 0.51, p < 0.001) by the equation y = 97.88 − 15.03(log10(x + 1)), where y is percent nodule occupancy by inoculant rhizobia and x is the most probable number of indigenous rhizobia per gram soil. For each legume, one of the three inoculant strains was a poor competitor across sites. Competition between the other two strains varied between sites, but was infrequently related to environmental variables. Results indicated that competitive strains could be selected that perform well across a range of environments. Key words: competition, rhizobial ecology, inoculation response, competitiveness index.

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48

Peccoud, Jean, and Laure Coulombel. "Une competition de biologie synthétique." médecine/sciences 23, no. 5 (May 2007): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2007235551.

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49

Sarr, A., M. Sandmeier, and J. Pernes. "Gametophytic competition in pearl millet, Pennisetum typhoides (Stapf et Hubb.)." Genome 30, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-148.

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Factors affecting reproductive strategies of pearl millet, which is currently classified as a predominantly allogamous species, were investigated. Gametophytic competition as well as the effect of growth temperature on this phenomenon were studied by means of the pollen mixture technique. The relative competitive ability of pollen from five different genetic stocks (Ligui, Massue, "Chinese," Thiotandé, 23d2B) was assessed by isozyme electrophoresis (esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase) of progeny plants. Gametophytic competition with a polygenic inheritance trend for pollen competitive ability is reported. A better competitive ability of autopollen on various types of allopollen was systematically found for the Ligui genotype. Temperature stress enhanced this trend. Hypotheses on the role of gametophytic competition in the evolution of the primary genetic pool of P. typhoides are discussed.Key words: pearl millet, pollen, competitive ability, segregation distortions.

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50

Smith, C. W., T. T. Chu, and B. Nadal-Ginard. "Scanning and competition between AGs are involved in 3' splice site selection in mammalian introns." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 8 (August 1993): 4939–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.8.4939-4952.1993.

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In mammalian intron splicing, the mechanism by which the 3' splice site AG is accurately and efficiently identified has remained unresolved. We have previously proposed that the 3' splice site in mammalian introns is located by a scanning mechanism for the first AG downstream of the branch point-polypyrimidine tract. We now present experiments that lend further support to this model while identifying conditions under which competition can occur between adjacent AGs. The data show that the 3' splice site is identified as the first AG downstream from the branch point by a mechanism that has all the characteristics expected of a 5'-to-3' scanning process that starts from the branch point rather than the pyrimidine tract. Failure to recognize the proximal AG may arise, however, from extreme proximity to the branch point or sequestration within a hairpin. Once an AG has been encountered, the spliceosome can still see a limited stretch of downstream RNA within which an AG more competitive than the proximal one may be selected. Proximity to the branch point is a major determinant of competition, although steric effects render an AG less competitive in close proximity (approximately 12 nucleotides). In addition, the nucleotide preceding the AG has a striking influence upon competition between closely spaced AGs. The order of competitiveness, CAG congruent to UAG > AAG > GAG, is similar to the nucleotide preference at this position in wild-type 3' splice sites. Thus, 3' splice site selection displays properties of both a scanning process and competition between AGs based on immediate sequence context. This refined scanning model, incorporating elements of competition, is the simplest interpretation that is consistent with all of the available data.

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