Books on the topic 'Competency certainty'
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1
Osavelyuk, Aleksey, Elena Zabelina, Valeriy Nevinskiy, and Valentina Komarova. Differentiation of subjects of competence and powers in the system of public power. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1303022.
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The book, based on a large amount of factual and legislative material, analysis of decisions of domestic judicial bodies and the ECHR, shows the powers and functions of state and local self-government bodies in the conditions of differentiation of subjects of competence and powers to ensure the most effective solution of tasks in the interests of the population. The paper examines foreign experience and the regulation of these issues by international law.
The textbook is prepared taking into account the Law of the Russian Federation on the Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ On Improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public Power".
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Komkova, Galina, Mariya Lipchanskaya, Svetlana Kulikova, Elena Abaeva, Dar'ya Kondraschenko, Natal'ya Aver'yanova, Rima Torosyan, et al. Ensuring the protection of human rights in the Russian Federation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1200563.
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The textbook contains texts of lectures dealing with problematic issues of ensuring protection, the competence of authorities in the field of ensuring and protecting human rights, as well as the specifics of protecting the rights of certain categories of citizens in various spheres of their life.
For students, undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers interested in the formation and development of the Russian human rights system.
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Akmalova, Al'fiya, and Vladimir Kapicyn. State and municipal administration system. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/981344.
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The textbook discusses the concept of the state and municipal management system, its formation and development in Russia, scientific, legal, organizational, competence and information bases of the activities of state and municipal management bodies. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the General principles of state and municipal administration and the specifics of their implementation in certain territories and under special legal regimes, the role of control and Supervisory bodies in ensuring the legality and responsibility of public authorities and officials.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors and masters of higher education organizations studying in the direction 38.03.04 "State and municipal management", as well as all those who study the basics of the organization of state and municipal management and are interested in the problems of development of the state and society.
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GOVERNMENT, US. An Act to Amend Title XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act to Permit a Waiver of the Prohibition of Offering Nurse Aide Training and Competency Evaluation Programs in Certain Nursing Facilities. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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Shumilina, Vera, Galina Krohicheva, Nataliya Izvarina, Vladimir Lesnyak, Kristina Kurshubadze, Anastasia Aistova, Elizaveta Rudenko, et al. Application of accounting, analysis and audit in enterprise management. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/monography_618ba6f2989171.05397055.
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It is impractical to plan the further work of the company without taking into account analytical data for previous production periods. Analytical accounting data allows managers to build a company's strategy or make changes to an existing development plan. The importance of accounting for the enterprise plays a large role at the planning stage of the further business strategy. A competent manager studies accounting data before making the next decision regarding the company's finances. The easiest way to streamline accounting documents and eliminate errors in it is to conduct an internal audit. Such an audit will protect the company from possible fines and problems with tax audits. It will help optimize accounting and document flow, and simplify relations with banks and counterparties. Economic analysis aims to turn economic and non-economic information into useful information for decision making. Logical processing, study, generalization of facts, their systematization, conclusions, proposals, search for reserves - all these tasks are solved within the framework of economic analysis, which is designed to ensure the validity of management decisions and increase its effectiveness.
This monograph is a collective work of teachers and students of the Department of Economic Security, Accounting and Law of the Don State Technical University. It is devoted to the consideration of certain issues of accounting, audit and economic analysis at the enterprise in modern conditions.
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New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Committee on Education. Public hearing before Assembly Education Committee: Assembly bill 3345 (prohibition of certain services in school-based health facilities), May 7, 1987, Council Chambers, 2nd floor, City Hall, Camden, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: The Committee, 1987.
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Medical knowledge: Doubt and certainty. 2nd ed. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001.
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Author), Open University (Corporate, Clive Seale (Editor), Stephen Pattison (Editor), Basiro Davey (Editor), and Clive Swale (Editor), eds. Medical Knowledge: Doubt and Certainty (Health and Disease). 2nd ed. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.
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Clive, Seale, and Pattison Stephen, eds. Medical knowledge: Doubt and certainty. Buckingham: Open Univerty Press in association with the Open University, 1994.
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Warren, Richard. I'm More Than Competent: Certainty Booster !!! 5 Demonstrated Steps to Assemble Immovable Certainty. Independently Published, 2022.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 3. Competence. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0003.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. The existence and scope of EU competence are outlined in the Lisbon Treaty: the EU may have exclusive competence, shared competence, or competence only to take supporting, coordinating, or supplementary action. This chapter examines these three principal categories of EU competence, and their implications for the divide between EU and Member State power. It also considers certain areas of EU competence that do not fall within these categories, and the extent to which the new regime clarifies the scope of EU competence and contains EU power.
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(Editor), Clive Seale, and Stephen Pattison (Editor), eds. Medical Knowledge: Doubt and Certainty (Health and Disease, Book 1). Taylor & Francis Group, 1994.
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Pękala, Joanna Ludwika, and Katarzyna Białożyt-Wielonek, eds. Obszary (nie)pewności w pracy współczesnego nauczyciela. University of Warsaw Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323551034.
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The books attempts to show the changeable and ambiguous notion of professional certainty of teachers, from the building experience gained from personal self-efficacy, which gives confidence in professional activity, to the state of ambivalence caused by the duality of their own experiences and conflicts in pedagogical work. The authors pay heed to the special relation of the described competence to COVID-19 pandemic and new challenges for teachers in this connection.
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Pirelli, Gianni. Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630430.003.0007.
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In this chapter, the authors address evaluations across settings and contexts, such as mental health screenings conducted in community, outpatient, and inpatient settings, with particular attention to the considerations necessary for evaluators, including the need to develop and maintain firearm-specific and cultural competence. They present considerations associated with seven firearm-related subcultures that medical and mental health practitioners are likely to encounter with some regularity. They also speak to the importance of researchers, academics, and students developing such competence. They outline the concept of forensic mental health assessment and demonstrate how certain firearm-specific evaluations are a type of this. They provide considerations related to evaluating civilians applying for firearm permits and those seeking reinstatement of gun rights in forfeiture matters. They review the various models of risk assessment and a firearm-specific framework for conducting these evaluations: the Pirelli Firearm-10. Considerations for law enforcement and related professions are also presented.
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Ž. Jovanović, Vladimir. FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH. Filozofski fakultet Niš, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/fen.2021.
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The book Functional English can be viewed as an introductory reading in the domain of functional language, or language used in order to perform certain communicative purposes. Functional language is a concept normally connected with foreign language learners of lower levels and with problems in achieving the designated standards in terms of the four basic language skills. The book is meant to provide a description of the subject matter of Functional English by establishing the basics, as well as the main features and elements of this linguistic domain. The overall objective of the book is to help with the understanding of existing language features sometimes taken for granted, and which may cause communication difficulties. Simultaneously, its ambition is to enable all the interested parties to reaffirm the foundations and build on the existing language repository, in an attempt to achieve a higher level of competence in English used to perform different communicative functions. The term practical language skills within Functional English entails the ability to formulate or articulate one’s communicative message, as well as the ability to interpret correctly or relay clearly to other parties any verbal material relevant to the process of communication. Moreover, being competent in Functional English means being able to select the adequate communication channel or method, where the key factors are the linguistic devices employed, the correlation between the language used and the intended goal, as well as the context of situation and its relation to the audience or the participants in the verbal interaction.
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Krzywdzinski, Martin. Incentive Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806486.003.0005.
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This chapter examines incentive systems in automotive plants in Russia and China. The point of departure here is the distinction between job-based systems, where the associated tasks are determined as precisely as possible for each job, and person-based systems, which assign tasks not to certain jobs but to certain competence or performance levels. While job-based systems are more typical for Russia, person-based systems prevail in China. The chapter then turns to variable compensation elements and performance reviews and examines how supervisors deal with performance appraisals. It reveals considerable differences between Russian and Chinese sites. The most notable difference concerns the use of performance appraisals. The Russian plants are characterized by a punishment culture that undermines the motivational effects of the incentive systems.
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Schwarz, Wolfgang. Semantic Possibility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739548.003.0013.
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This chapter starts out from the idea that semantics is a “special science” whose aim, like that of chemistry or ecology, is to identify systematic, high-level patterns in a fundamentally physical world. I defend an approach to this task on which sentences are associated with sets of possible worlds (of some kind). These sets of worlds, however, are not postulated for the compositional treatment of intensional contexts; they are not meant to capture what is intuitively asserted or communicated by an utterance; nor are they supposed to shed light on the cognitive processes that underlie our linguistic competence. Instead, their job description is to capture certain regularities in the interactions between subjects using the relevant language. I also raise some questions about how the relevant worlds might be construed.
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Ionitiu, Ionela. English for Civil Engineering. Student's Book. Part II. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062800642.
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The textbook is a compilation based on the authentic texts adapted from websites and magazines (USA, UK, Canada) and is intended for civil engineering students. One of the aims of this project has been to develop materials both for testing the foreign language competence of civil engineers and for teaching them the language that they need to require for their professional certification. I do not assume that my users will have an in-depth knowledge of civil engineering works. Therefore, the units have been devised to help students improve their knowledge and use of English in an engineering environment. Each unit covers vocabulary related to a certain topic area- ranging from basic civil engineering vocabulary to roads, architecture, bridges, types of foundations and so on- and is designed to reinforce and improve their communicative skills.
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Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh, and Sloan James. Part 2 The United Nations: What it is, 5 The Economic and Social Council. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0005.
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The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of the UN’s six principal organs. More than any other principal organ, it has been the object of relentless criticism and attempts at reform. Among the impediments to its successful functioning have been its size (considered by some to be too large and by others not to be large enough); its ambiguous relationship with the General Assembly (including an overlapping of subject areas); and the fact that, as regards its activities in relation to economics, it operates in the shadow of the powerful institutions created at Bretton Woods and certain aspects of its social activities are dealt with by other international organizations or specialized agencies. This chapter discusses the ECOSOC’s membership, procedure, and voting; functions; meetings and programme of work; relationships with the other principal organs; areas of competence; and reform.
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Simon, Morris. 6 The Approval and Regulation of Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199688753.003.0006.
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This chapter concerns the approval and the regulation of individuals—specifically the senior management and customer-facing staff of a firm. Following the collapse of institutions such as Northern Rock (2007), it was agreed that the regulator should engage more intensively with firms over senior management’s competence and technical skills. This chapter considers the requirement for approval, the application process for approval, the possibility of withdrawal of approval, and the penalty for performance of a controlled function without approval. It then considers the Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA) power to prohibit an individual from performing certain functions, or to take disciplinary action against an individual guilty of misconduct. Finally, the FCA and Prudential Regulatory Authority’s (PRA) ability to make rules of conduct, and the application of the Statements of Principle and Code of Practice for Approved Persons (APER), are discussed.
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Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 24. Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0024.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses EU anti-discrimination law, which, over the past decade and a half, has expanded significantly to cover a wide range of grounds and contexts. In addition to requiring equal treatment for women and men, the Treaty provides legislative competence to combat discrimination on a range of grounds. The Charter of Fundamental Rights, which has a chapter devoted to equality, has been incorporated into the EU Treaties. Article 21 of the Charter prohibits discrimination on any ground. Articles 8 and 10 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) contain horizontal clauses requiring the EU to promote equality between men and women, and to combat discrimination based on certain grounds, namely sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation in all of its policies and activities.
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Mark, Mangan, Reed Lucy, and Choong John. 11 Interim and Emergency Relief. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199657216.003.0011.
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This chapter discusses the interim and emergency relief process in Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) arbitration. Interim relief is a temporary step or measure taken by the tribunal or a national court in order for the arbitral proceeding to function effectively. A party involved in SIAC arbitration has three available avenues for seeking interim relief — the tribunal, an Emergency Arbitrator, and a court of competent jurisdiction. The Tribunal may order the party requesting an interim relief to provide appropriate security in connection with the relief. A party needing an emergency relief prior to the members of the Tribunal may seek relief to an Emergency Arbitrator. Courts can grant certain kinds of relief when there is a third party involved in an arbitration — an injunction to prevent the dissipation of assets, destruction of evidence, or parallel proceedings.
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Kleespies, Phillip M. Medical Illness, Suicide, and Assisted Death. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.28.
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Because of their focus on psychopathology, mental health clinicians may overlook the potential significance of medical illness as a risk factor for suicide. In this chapter, the author presents evidence that physical illness, particularly certain physical illnesses, can be independent risk factors for suicide. In a number of these illnesses, depression is clearly a confounding risk factor, while in others the illness itself or its consequent functional impairments may lead to increased risk. When an individual has multiple physical illnesses, as often happens with the elderly, the cumulative burden can become overwhelming and heighten the risk of suicide. When physical illness becomes terminal, the competent patient has the right to refuse life-sustaining treatment. Whether that individual can receive assistance in dying has been more controversial. The chapter concludes with a presentation of data from a state where assisted suicide, also known as assisted death, has been legalized.
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Reay, Jill, David Sutton, and Colin J Martin. Control of radioactive substances. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0009.
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The possession, use, transport, and disposal of radioactive materials are controlled through regulation to limit exposure of the public and workers. This chapter describes the methodologies employed. Regulation is enacted through a system of notification and licensing, based upon recommendations from the IAEA and ICRP. A competent authority is empowered to permit an organization to hold, use, or dispose of any radionuclide, provided certain conditions are met. These take the form of limits on the quantities of different radioactive materials held, and requirements for security and protection. They require an evaluation of the impact of waste disposal. Methodologies for estimating doses received by critical groups from release of radioactive material into the environment are explained. Minimization of the waste produced and regulation of its disposal are essential components in the overall strategy to protect the environment. Controls over the transport of radioactive materials and medical administrations to patients are considered.
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Halla-aho, Hilla. Scribes in Private Letter Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768104.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the role of scribes in private letters from Roman Egypt. The role of the scribe here refers to the scribe’s activity in producing the linguistic form of the letter. Most private letters in Roman Egypt were not written by their senders, but by a scribe (usually not professional) to whom the sender dictated his message. It is pointed out that on the levels of orthography, phonology, and morphology, we see predominantly the output of the scribe. Concerning syntax, it is possible to distinguish two types of scribal behaviour: first, reproducing the author’s message in the forms it was dictated to the scribe, and secondly, composing the letter text more or less independently. Reproducing the author’s syntax appears to have been the normal practice, but in certain occasions linguistic comparison provides clear evidence that a competent scribe took care of the final wording on behalf of the author.
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Easterbrooks, Susan R., and Hannah M. Dostal, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Literacy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197508268.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook on Deaf Studies Series began in 2010 with it first volume. The series presents state-of-the-art information across an array of topics pertinent to deaf individuals and deaf learners, such as cognition, neuroscience, attention, memory, learning, and language. The present handbook, The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Literacy, is the fifth in the series, and it offers the most up-to-date information on literacy learning among deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) learners. Topic examined in this concise volume include the importance of language and cognition and the elements of phonological/orthographic awareness, morphosyntactic and vocabulary understanding, reading comprehension and classroom engagement, written language, learning among challenged populations, and the need to rethink our approaches to literacy research. With contributions from a well-known and highly respected field of educators and researchers, the volume will help all involved see the path each DHH child as an individual must follow if he or she is to unlock the vast world available when one has competence in reading comprehension. Too often, sweeping generalizations are made about all DHH readers—no matter their background, language(s), chosen modality(ies), and experience—from data on only a small segment of the overall population. Therefore, the editors collaborated with the authors to ensure that authors were clear about the research participants cited when making claims about specific subpopulations. This means readers can be relatively certain that statements made in this book about certain subpopulations in fact are based on data from those subpopulations.
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Gillett, Grant, and Rom Harré. Discourse and Diseases of the Psyche. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0022.
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The discursive approach to psychiatry, taking as it does an ethological approach to the human organism, directs us to rules and story lines that structure our ways of dealing with the challenges thrown up by particular situated positions in our discursive world. For human beings this means engaging with the sense they are making of the world and the words they use to try and communicate that (to themselves and others). Doing things with words is behavior that draws on certain skills attuned to prompts, cues, expectations, and so on, all of which can go seriously awry in any setting where certain features are unfamiliar or where one of the participants is "impaired" or out of step with prevailing norms and assumptions. Discursive competence and the reality of the human psyche as a mode of being-in-relation-with others crucially depends on intact neural function and brain pathways slowly and cumulatively developed throughout life and is vulnerable to disruption of that substrate. Hysteria (or conversion disorder) and dementia represent two very different situations in which the discursive mismatch between an individual and his or her context of being causes the voice (and soul) of a person to be "lost in translation" so that understanding what is happening and then care and restoration demand a great deal of us not just as biomedical scientists but also as human beings who are reaching out to those who suffer and try to endure (patients) so as to help hold them in being.
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William A, Schabas. Part 6 The Trial: Le Procès, Art.69 Evidence/Preuve. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0073.
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This chapter comments on Article 69 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 69 deals with specific evidentiary issues but lacks a general provision like the one in the Nuremberg Charter. This is addressed in article 64, stating that the Trial Chamber has the power to rule on the admissibility or reliability of evidence. According to a Trial Chamber, ‘the drafters of the Statute framework have clearly and deliberately avoided proscribing certain categories or types of evidence, a step which would have limited — at the outset — the ability of the Chamber to assess evidence “freely”’. Chambers enjoy ‘a significant degree of discretion in considering all types of evidence’. Another judge has said that article 69 provides for ‘the principle of free assessment of evidence. Hence, it is up to the competent Chamber to decide on the probative value of any piece of evidence introduced for the purpose of the confirmation hearing or the trial’.
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Brocki, Marcin, Małgorzata Maj, and Stanisława Trebunia-Staszel, eds. Anthropology and Ethnology During World War II. The Activity of Sektion Rassen- und Volkstumsforschung Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit in the Light of New Source Materials. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/k9915.19/19.19.15528.
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After reading this voluminous and, contrary to what the title might suggest, engaging study, I have no doubt that it is a great scientific achievement. Firstly, the authors managed to develop an approach to the otherwise sensitive subject of the IDO heritage that enables a cool, albeit not entirely distanced way of looking at the history of a certain institution, as well as at the entanglement of many people in its activity. The fact that the institution was established in dark times, and, in addition, by Hans Frank, should not a priori put it in the context of regular Nazi propaganda and degenerated science. The authors managed to separate what in the IDO output was based on objective research from what could never be defined as scientific. Secondly, the high level of competence of the papers in this tome makes one confident about the applied methods of presentation and interpretation of the available material, which, moreover, is still subject to further verification. This publication is not yet the final outcome of several years of research and queries, but a stop-over, an important one, on the way to further work, which is signaled throughout the book. So it is an example of work in progress. Prof. dr hab. Wojciech Józef Burszta
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McMaster, Brian, and Aisling McCluskey. Integration with Complex Numbers. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846075.001.0001.
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This introductory text on complex analysis focuses on how to evaluate challenging improper (real) integrals, or their Cauchy principal values if need be, by associating them with (complex) contour integrals. On the way to this goal it explains in detail the basic arithmetic, algebra and analysis of complex numbers and functions: particularly the Cauchy–Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor’s theorem, Laurent’s theorem and Cauchy’s residue theorem. Recognising that many non-specialist cohorts need to acquire skill and confidence in these techniques, great care is taken to allow time for consolidation of fundamental ideas before proceeding to more sophisticated ones, and stress is laid on worked examples to explain ideas and applications, informal diagrams to build insight, roughwork initial explorations to help seek out solution strategies and—above all—suites of exercises in which the learner can develop and reinforce competence: learning through doing being the hallmark of the working textbook. Substantial revision sections on real analysis and calculus are built into the text for learners who may require additional preparation. An appended final chapter addresses some more advanced topics, such as uniform convergence, that are relevant to why certain key theorems work. Specimen solutions for many exercises will be made available to instructors upon application to the publishers.
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Kleespies, Phillip M., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crises. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Emergencies and Crisesincludes the most up-to-date and valuable research on the evaluation and management of arguably the most challenging patients faced by mental health practitioners—that is, individuals who are at high risk of suicide or other-directed violence or of becoming the victims of interpersonal violence. The outcome with such cases can be serious injury or death, and there can be negative consequences for the patient, and also for the patient’s family and friends, for the clinician, and for the clinic or medical center. This book presents a framework for learning the skills to assess and work competently with these patients. The book has sections dealing with such critical incidents in children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. There are sections to aid clinicians with conditions that need to be distinguished from behavioral emergencies; on treating patients or clients who have ongoing chronic risk of harming themselves or others; and on legal and ethical risk management as well as psychological risk management for the clinician in the event of a negative outcome. The book examines interrelated aspects of the major behavioral emergencies; for example, the degree to which interpersonal victimization may lead an individual to later suicidal or violent behavior; or the degree to which suicidal individuals and violent individuals may share certain cognitive characteristics. It also presents a method for reducing the clinician’s stress and acquiring skill in working with high-risk people.
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Guerrero, Alexander A. Defense and Ignorance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0016.
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This chapter has a negative thesis and a positive thesis. The negative thesis is that, at least in the arena of national security, electoral representative democracy is incompatible with popular sovereignty, a prerequisite of political legitimacy. The incompatibility arises due to five distinct but interrelated factors. First, confidentiality: strategic requirements of confidentiality and secrecy undermine meaningful political accountability. Second, ignorance: national security policy is technical and complicated to an extent that the average voter lacks the information and competence required to hold elected political officials meaningfully accountable for enacting responsive policy. Third, voter psychology: national security policy is an area in which low information leads to easy psychological distortion. Fourth, electoral pathology: national security policy is an area where elected officials have dramatically and inappropriately circumscribed policy options, given the electoral repercussions of appearing :weak” on security and given that many of the most significant costs of ineffective policy are borne by others—either people in other countries or future generations of Americans. Fifth, money: national security policy is a policy arena where there is a lot of money to be made by a relatively small number of individuals and corporations, making lobbying and electioneering for certain political outcomes a very high-value proposition for those entities. These five factors work together and overlap in complex ways. The end result is that national security policy created by elected officials (and their appointees) is (1) largely unresponsive to the core beliefs, values, and preferences of those in whose name it is enacted; and (2) bad policy for those in whose name it is enacted. Thus, in the arena of national security policy, we have at most nominal popular sovereignty, not real popular sovereignty. The positive thesis of this chapter is that there may be institutional reforms that could be made which would help us reclaim popular sovereignty in the arena of national security policy. In particular, we should consider the use of lottocratic institutions, which employ randomly selected citizens in policymaking roles. The chapter introduces and briefly defends these institutions as a possible solution to the problem of popular sovereignty in the national defense context.
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Great Britain: Department for Communities and Local Government. Building Act 1984: The Building Regulations 2000, new competent person schemes for the installation of wholesome cold water supply and non-wholesome water systems; amended methodology for the calculation of the potential use of wholesome water in new dwellings; revocation of a spent provision on the time limit for prosecution for contravention of certain regulations, new water efficiency calculation methodology publ. Stationery Office, The, 2009.
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Tyutkova, Irina, Ismail Baykhanov, and Yulia Laamarti, eds. INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTISES OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY: EXPERIENCE, RISKS, PROSPECTS. EurAsian Scientific Editions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56948/ugdg6356.
Full textAbstract:
The modernisation of contemporary Russian higher pedagogical education places special demands on training of a competent specialist having outspoken professional position, well-formed readiness to adapt to the labour market, capable of self-development and educating learners in the conditions of rapidly changing reality. The formation of such personality is possible in the educational space of a university, being characterised by the unity of learners’ classroom and extracurricular activities, coordinated interaction of all participants of pedagogical process aimed at solving the common goal and specific tasks focused on high-quality training of future specialists. The formation of student’s personality as a future teacher has a number of stages coordinated with the process of learning at the university, in particular, with formation of certain knowledge base within the framework of academic discipline studies, acquisition of professional experience in the process of pedagogical training, study of perspective practices and experience of pedagogical activity. The proper attitude to accumulation, generalisation and popularisation of advanced pedagogical experience contributes to formation and development of professional mastery of both students of pedagogical profile and young teachers. The advanced pedagogical experience of winners and laureates of the national pedagogical mastership contests in the Russian Federation and CIS countries requires special research. An attempt of large-scale research of this unique practical experience and its implantation into the training process at pedagogical universities was undertaken by the Russian State Pedagogical University. The research results were tested at the All-Russian applied research conference with international participation “International Best Practices in Pedagogical Activity: Experience, Risks, Prospects”. The conference was presented with 102 papers by representatives of educational organisations from Russia and foreign countries, including Latvia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Uzbekistan. The aim of the conference was to discuss efficient practices of transformation of modern education aimed at updating its content by strengthening practical orientation and integration of higher and general education, exchange of experience among educators actively using modern educational technologies. The conference was held along the following directions: – Practical application of results of efficient pedagogical solutions and advantages of promising practices of pedagogical excellence aimed to improve the quality of education. – The system of young educators support: ideas and practices. – Digital learning environment: pedagogue’s new tools. – The teacher’s personality in innovative educational space. – Trends in pedagogical education development. – Learner’s individual trajectory as a resource for future teacher formation. – Best teaching practices: international and national experience. The conference participants discussed the pressing issues of organising the teaching process in general-education organisations and vocational guidance in higher education. The participants noted that such pedagogical transfer in modern conditions is one of the important and productive directions of searching for the ways to improve pedagogical mastery.