Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Compensation de la puissance pulsée'
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Heydari, Elaheh. "Design and control of a new pulsating power decoupling circuit for grid-connected photovoltaic systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPAST004.
Full textToday, grid-connected photovoltaic systems are becoming an increasingly important part of renewable energy. The power conversion system's heart is the grid-connected interface converter based on power electronics. The single-phase inverter is the best compromise for low power applications as an interface for power conversion. Single-stage systems offer higher efficiency and lower cost and size. However, the PV voltage drops under low irradiance conditions, leading to inverter shut down and the total injected power loss.As a consequence, single-stage systems suffer from a low operating range. This work addresses the critical issues of the single-stage single-phase grid-connected PV system, including reliability and efficiency. A fast terminal sliding mode combined with direct power control is proposed in the first part. It is associated with a maximum power point tracking algorithm with power output. Simulations and experimental results on a 1kW test bench show the proposal's effectiveness in terms of dynamic performance, low total harmonic distortion and robustness to irradiance variations. Single-phase power systems also face pulsating power at twice the mains frequency on the DC bus. This pulsating power should not be transferred to the PV side as it reduces the efficiency of the solar panel. Thus, the second part of this work proposes a dual-function decoupling circuit: it mitigates pulsating power and compensates for the voltage drop. Thanks to the following additional power converters, these objectives are fulfilled: a low power flyback and an H-bridge. The hybrid compensator increases the inverter's operating range, prevents its shutdown, and increases the system reliability. A 1kW experimental bench has been designed to evaluate the proposal for several operating points. The steady-state results show that the hybrid compensator can simultaneously achieve 85% compensation of the pulsating power and 20% compensation of the voltage drop. The circuit also shows good transient responses. In the third part of this work, monitoring and fault diagnosis of PV modules are addressed to increase system reliability, efficiency, and safety. The proposed fault diagnosis method is based on online PV impedance spectroscopy without additional equipment. It does not require interrupting the power production and uses the pulsating power decoupling circuit as an impedance spectroscopy tool. The simulation results, using MATLAB-Simulink®, show a reduction of more than 80% ripples amplitude of the PV modules terminal voltage. The results also show that impedance spectroscopy can estimate the PV module impedance parameters with a lower than 5% relative error. The evolution of these parameters during operation should make it possible to monitor the health of the panel
Lamarche, Camille. "Compréhension de l'efficacité bactéricide de différentes technologies de haute puissance pulsée." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30117.
Full textThe efficiency of pulsed electron beam and electrical discharges in water, in the research of bacterial breakdown, was proved many years ago. However, the explanation of the mechanisms responsible for bacterial inactivation following the treatment are still unknown. Bacillus pumilus is the reference for ionizing treatment and was chosen for this study because both technologies produced radiation. This bacteria has the ability to sporulate. Spores have a specific organization with different layers (proteins, lipids, peptidoglycans,...) and a dehydrated core, which allow them to be very resistive in an inauspicious environment. Such resistance can be explained by the presence of a/ß-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs), in the core. These proteins saturate and protect the DNA. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the death of Bacillus pumilus after exposure to a pulsed electron beam or to electrical discharges in water. Cutting-edge microscopies (Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy) at the nanoscale reveal structural disorganization of Bacillus pumilus treated by electrical discharges. A modification of Bacillus pumilus hydrophobicity is also revealed by AFM. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed genomic DNA damage. In particular, it showed single or double-strand breaks. Finally, proteomic analysis allowed to identify proteins and their biological processes affected by the treatment. Our findings can explain an unexpected mechanism of cell death
Martin, Benoît. "Etude et conception d’un étage de mise en forme d’impulsions ultra-large-bande de forte puissance." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0d9d7416-5f8e-4217-b34e-808cd479f388/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4043.pdf.
Full textThis Ph. D. Dissertation presents the study and design of a high-power ultra wide band bipolar pulse forming stage. This sub-system is integrated in the radiation source called GIMLI developed at the ISL. The studied system complies with a strong requirement of compactness. The pulse forming is done thanks to the coupled operation of two gas spark gaps and a Blumlein pulse forming line. It is driven by a Marx generator and the output is connected to a dedicated antenna. The design makes extensive use of the numerical simulations especially for the dimensioning of the Blumlein and to identify and reduce the field enhancement area. New ’jagged’ electrode geometry is the main innovation of this study. It is proposed to optimize commutation times. Measurements show the good performances of the pulse former. The bipolar pulses have a 1. 5 ns-duration and the amplitude can reach 427 kV peak-to-peak on a 50 W resistive load. A repetition rate of 200 Hz has been successfully experienced during tests carried out with the CEA at the CESTA test site. The GIMLI prototype, equipped with the studied bipolar former can radiate a pulsed electric field of 5 V/m per volt on the antenna
Loiseleur, Pierre. "Micro-sources X-UV incohérente et cohérente par décharge capillaire ultra-rapide." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000829.
Full textKincic, Slaven. "Ondulateur à niveaux multiples et son application en compensation de la puissance réactive." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2000. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/852/1/KINCIC_Slaven.pdf.
Full textZeleny, Jan. "Compensation numérique des non-linéarités des amplificateurs de puissance avec identification au niveau récepteur." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10039/document.
Full textIn this work a novel scheme of predistortion of power amplifier nonlinearities is developed and demonstrated. The originality of the proposed system architecture is that the estimation of nonlinearities is carried out at the receiver thanks to a training sequence, and sent back to the transmitter for predistortion. The proposed architecture achieves efficient compensation of power amplifier nonlinearities on WiMAX and LTE standards without extra hardware. An evaluation of consumption savings is carried out, considering digital consumption of the estimation algorithm at the receiver and predistortion Look Up Table refreshment at the transmitter. The results show that the suggested architecture can be applied for high data rate systems at base stations, relay stations and mobile stations as well
Lowinsky, Luc Anthony. "Nouvelle topologie de Compensateur de Puissance Réactive pour les Réseaux Ferrés 25 kV / 50 Hz." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0036/document.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is the result of collaboration between the Static Converters research group of LAPLACE Laboratory and the department "Installations Fixes de Traction Electrique" of the Engineering Division of the French Railways company, SNCF. Nowadays, most of the traffic in 25 kV – 50 Hz lines is achieved by old locomotives equipped with thyristor rectifiers. As traffic and load increase, reactive power compensation devices are required to keep the overhead line voltage at acceptable level and to reduce the spending for reactive power. The basic power factor correction is completed by fixed compensation banks. But the difficulty of such configuration is the no-load operation of overhead lines. The voltage can increase out of the 29 kV standard limit and to avoid this problem, variable reactive power compensator is often added to the fixed compensation banks. Nowadays, SNCF is equipped with thyristor based static VAR compensators (SVC). The main drawback of this topology is the requirement of a large LC shunt filter tuned for the third harmonic. The goal of this thesis is to find a new high-efficiency topology of STATic COMpensator (STATCOM) using PWM control to minimize the filtering components. The first part of this thesis focuses on a comparative study of different topologies in terms of semiconductor losses and filter elements size. The results of this study show that the topologies based on PWM AC Chopper are the most interesting solutions to achieve the compensator. The second part of the work concerns the influence of the connection of a STATCOM to a substation and focuses on the harmonic interactions with locomotives. The study case concerns a high traffic substation where a 3 MVAR STATCOM should be installed. Substation output current measurement was carried out in order to analyze its harmonic content. Models of the substation and the STATCOM are then proposed and simulations using real current waveforms are performed. Finally, this simulation study helps to refine the features of the AC Chopper topology and its filter elements. It highlights the advantage of a solution, with boost AC Choppers which operate without transformer and reuse the fixed compensation banks already installed in the substation as voltage divider and filter. To validate the principle of this new topology of STATCOM, a 1.2 MVAR prototype is built in LAPLACE laboratory and tested on a SNCF test platform
Miermont, Frédéric. "Influence des compensations série des lignes et des compensateurs statiques de puissance sur les réseaux de l'avenir." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0118.
Full textOyarbide-Usabiaga, Estanislao. "Commande passive des structures de l'électronique de puissance." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0097.
Full textThis work deals with the passivity based control and with its adaptive version for control of power electronics devices. First, after some theoretical discussions, power electronics converter's spécial properties are issued from gênerai Euler-Lagrange models. One of thèse properties allows a straightforward passivity based control implementation. Next, several converters which take into account a large family of applications are selected and the passivity based control is then tested. For this, several tuning models, from averaged model to generalised averaged one, are used. Finally, some practical results concerning the Static Reactive Power Compensator (STATCOM) control are showed. This way, passivity based control's real implementation rurns to be possible
Lopez, David. "Intégration dans un environnement de simulation circuit d'un modèle électrothermique de transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction issu de simulations thermiques tridimensionnelles." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0007.
Full textThe work presented here involves an integration into a circuit simulator of a HBT's thermal model from a 3D finite element method thermal simulation
Rios, Mario Alberto. "Modélisation pour analyses dynamiques des réseaux électriques avec compensateurs de puissance réactive-SVC." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0099.
Full textThis thesis studies the modeling and analysis of power System containing static VAR compensators (SVC). Low-order models, calculated by Hankel singular-value truncation réduction and N4Sid dynamic identification, provide the foundation for the modeling and analysis techniques. For cases where many SVCs or FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) devices are installed in a power System, a new subsystem structure based on thèse low-order modeling techniques has been developed. The proposed low-order models allow the computation of low-order LQG-type (Linear Quadratic Gaussian Regulator) control laws, as well as low-order robust controls, which provide a better performance relative to traditional SVC controls (proportional type). Using the subsystem structure formulated in this thesis, methods for calculating decentralized controllers for power Systems hâve been conceived. In addition, through the use of structured singular values, a new robustness analysis technique has been developed which allows the détermination of stability boundaries through the calculation of closed-loop transfer functions. The theoretical approaches in this work hâve been applied to a test power system containing 11 nodes, as well as a larger 173-node test system
Soussou, Mohamed-Akram. "Synthèse de couches minces de nitrures d'aluminium et de Bore par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron classique et à très haute puissance pulsée pour la gestion thermique des composants à haute température de fonctionnement." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2112.
Full textThis work is dedicaced to the development of a low temperature aluminium and boron nitrides (AIN and BN) thin film deposition process by reactive magnetron sputtering. This process is suitable for the requirement of microelectronics technologies. In order to elaborate high crystalline quality films, we optimized the classical magnetron sputtering process and, then, set-up the newly emerging technique of High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering. Thanks to their high thermal conductivities, the synthezided materials will allow a lowering of the thermal resistance of devices and an increasing of their performances. First, a complete analysis of the DC discharge was conducted in order to optimize the numerous plasma parameters in correlation with the material properties. Our study showed that it is possible to obtain a good crystalline quality of aluminium nitride thin films. Second, we have demonstrated for the first time that HiPIMS process, can be used for the deposition of insulating material as AIN and BN. Thanks to an adaptation of the whole process including the pulsed power supply we overcome all technical problems and deposit such dielectric materials. Thanks to time-resolved diagnostic of the discharge, this process was optimised and allowed an improvement of AIN films' crystalline quality both at the interface with the substrate and at the ''bulk'' of the film. Third, thermal properties of AIN films were measured and linked to their microstructures. A thermal conductivity as high as 200 W. M-l. K-1 was obtained
Alawieh, Hadi. "Contribution à la réduction et à la compensation de la tension de mode commun en prenant en compte l'effet du temps mort." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES012.
Full textInverters, used in adjustable speed drives, switch voltage and current at high frequency. This is causing electromagnetic interference that can propagate through the power conductors (conducted emission) or through electromagnetic waves (radiated emission). The aim of this thesis is to develop a new approach that can reduce or compensate the common mode voltage while suppressing the effect of dead time. The elimination of dead-time is based on determining the load current polarity from the conduction states of antiparallel diodes. Then we presented a new switching strategy that fulfils the following criteria: reducing the common-mode voltage and optimization of switching losses. The reduction of common-mode voltage is based on using two techniques: flat top and double switching. To reduce the switching losses, we avoid the switching of inverter carried by maximum current. Finally, we presented a new common-mode voltage compensation strategy that using an active compensator. Indeed, the elimination of dead time enables the control of compensator without using a voltage sensor
Garcia-Canseco, Eloisa del Carmen. "Commande basée sur la dissipativité des systèmes non linéaires : application à la stabilisation et à la compensation du facteur de puissance." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112123.
Full textThis dissertation is concerned with the theoretical development of nonlinear control methods for physical systems from a power--based perspective, with application to the stabilization of nonlinear physical systems and power factor compensation of electrical systems. In the first part of the thesis, we deal with the stabilization problem of nonlinear physical systems, putting forth the system's energy and power properties as a new building block for controller design and stability analysis. We revisit the dissipation obstacle of the widely appreciated method of energy balancing and propose some alternatives to overcome this obstacle, which include the proof of passivity for a class of nonlinear incremental models and an extension to general nonlinear systems, of the power shaping methodology originally introduced for electrical circuits. Concerning electric energy processing systems, the main contribution is the proof that a certain cyclo--dissipativity property of the compensated circuit is necessary and sufficient for PF improvement. This important observation suggests an analysis and compensator design framework based on cyclo--dissipativity, which is a natural alternative candidate to replace (standard) dissipativity for applications where we are interested in inducing periodic orbits, instead of stabilizing equilibria
Gabsi, Mohamed Khémis. "Contribution a l'etude de la commutation dans les machines a courant continu associees a des convertisseurs statiques de puissance." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066170.
Full textPahmer, Sueda Carmen M. "Contribution à l'étude de filtres actifs de puissance de type shunt : commande-simulation." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0080.
Full textDoroudian, Majid. "Les fondements de la compensation par la puissance publique des dommages affectant les citoyens en l'absence de toute faute de l'administration en France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32022.
Full textToussaint, Pierre. "De la quasi-resonance introduite dans les convertisseurs, DC-DC de moyenne puissance : application à l'absorption sinusoïdale." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0013.
Full textSariñana, Toledo Aarón. "Commande directe et observation des convertisseurs de puissance : application à l'onduleur de tension triphase." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0127.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the control and observation of the voltage source inverter. It is divided into 4 main parts. The first one concerns the modeling of the power converter, and its classical représentation into différent coordinates is shown in détail. At the same time, we présent in détail the différent applications which we are interested in: the reactive power compensation and the active filtering. The second part treats the study of a direct sliding mode controUer based on the minimal simplex. This approach allows to overcome some ambiguity problems arisen in the task of selecting the inverter's switches signais. Comparisons with the classical hystérésis controUer are made in order to highlight the main properties of the proposed approach. In the third part of this dissertation we propose an approach, based on the previous one, which allows to fixe the switching frequency of the converter. Moreover, this previous resuit was enhanced by adding a compensation technique of the delays induced by the measurement process. Some expérimental results showed the validity of the analysis and simulations. The last part of this work deals with the design of two kinds of nonlinear observers (a Kalman-type observer and a sliding mode observer). When applied to the power inverter, the observers offer us the possibility of reducing the number of sensors or even of using this soft sensor as redundant for security purposes. Two cases are treated in détail: an observer for the DC-link voltage from the measurements of the currents of the main and another one which allows to observe the currents of the main from the DC-link voltage's measurement
Etxeberria-Otadui, Ion. "Sur les systèmes de l'électronique de puissance dédiés à la distribution électrique – Application à la qualité de l'énergie." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00382761.
Full textBelacheheb, Khalid. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes de compensation FACTS en général, l'UPFC en particulier, pour le contrôle du transit de puissance dans un réseau de transport." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10068.
Full textElectrical systems are strongly interconnected where the power transit is governed solely by Kirchhoffs laws on which the dispatchers have no means to act. It results in sorne unbalanced distribution of loads, provoking thus overloads of sorne electrical lines and a reduction of the stability margin of the electrical system. In order to solve these problems of the electrical power transit control, the consortium of American electricity companies (EPRI) has launched the FACTS project (Flexible Alternate CUITent Transmission System) in 1988. The FACTS concept regroups aIl systems using power electronic deviees applied on the electrical system. Among the FACTS systems, the UPFC deviee (Unified Power Flow Controller) is the most complete and the most effective. It is the union of a shunt compensator (CSPRA) and a series compensator (ISA), and has a functionality ofboth a CSPRA, an ISA and a phase-shifter. It is therefore able to control, simultaneously and independently, the active and reactive line power. It can control the three parameters associated to the power transit; the voltage, the impedance and the phase of the electrical line. The control of one of these parameters allows to vary the line active power. A model of this deviee is developed so as to determine the adequate controls of the shunt and series parts and in the same time, the one of the active power control. This work is devoted to the application of the FACTS systems, especiaIly to the UPFC in order to control the power transit in an electrical system whose parameters are given by EDF. The different numerical simulations, undertaken on MATLAB and SABER, have shown the contribution of these deviees to control the power transit and confirm aIl the hopes they had aroused in years 90
Rinaldis, Alessandro de. "Sur la compensation des ondes de réflexion dans les sous-systèmes interconnectés et une nouvelle formulation en puissance pour la modélisation d'une classe de systèmes mécaniques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112026.
Full textThis PhD work consists of two parts. The first one is focused on the analysis and compensation of the wave reflection phenomenon that occurs whenever, in the electrical as in the mechanical domain, the mutual interconnection among the constituent subsystems behaves as a transmission line and degrades the expected performances of the whole system. In this respect, we propose an novel compensation framework based on active filters technology that guarantees an attenuation of the wave reflections phenomenon. Although this new compensation approach is electrical systems oriented, a perfect duality with the well-known robotic teleoperation problem shows the generality of our analysis that could be naturally extended to the mechanical and electromechanical domain. The second, and less extensive, part of the manuscript is devoted to extend the well-known mass--inductor spring--capacitor analogy between mechanical and electrical systems. Once defined the limits of such standard analogy, we introduce a new electrical element,“the pseudo-inductor”, physically interpretable as a normal current-controlled inductor with coupling coefficient voltage-controlled. Hence,we give rise to an extension of the Brayton-Moser framework enlarging to possibly non-linear mechanical (Euleur-Lagrangian) systems an electrical counterpart. Furthermore, exploiting the power-based description of such a class of mechanical systems we provide a novel passivity property that open the doors to recent Passivity-Based Control strategies, already and successfully applied in RLC networks, that cope with the supplied power, e. G. , Power Shaping, instead of the internal energy of a system,e. G. ,Energy Shaping
Raimondo, Giuliano. "Power quality improvements in 25kV 50 Hz railway substation based on chopper controlled impedances." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0004/document.
Full textThis work is the result of collaboration between the LAPLACE laboratory, the “Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli” (SUN) and the French national railways operator SNCF. The research topic treated herein concerns the use of power electronic devices in 25kV/50Hz railways substations to achieve power quality improvements. In railway transportation, single-phase 25kV-50Hz electrification system is widely diffused especially for high-speed railway applications. Although electrified DC systems are still widely applied, the adoption of AC single-phase system offers economical advantages for the infrastructures of about 30% in terms of investment, exploitation and maintenance. In early ages, due to its very simple diagram, there was no necessity to integrate power electronics in substations. However, for the last decade, the interest in power electronic equipments raised since they can provide the solution for network optimization when traffic increases or when a difficulty is foreseen for a substation implementation. Two types of devices are implemented today on the French Railway Network: Reactive Power compensators and Voltage Unbalance compensators. This thesis presents an investigation into new topologies based on the concept of “Chopper Controlled Impedances”(CCI). Compared to existing solutions, the new topologies show interesting features in terms of semi-conductor losses reduction and volume of reactive components. The manuscript is developed through three main parts: Firstly, the French railways system is introduced and the interest in installing power electronic compensators in substations is highlighted. After a brief description of currently used solutions, the CCI concept is presented: the use of Pulse Width Modulated AC Choppers allows achieving structures which behave as variable impedances. In the second part, the use of CCI structures in reactive power compensation is investigated. The SNCF substation of Revest is under study. It is equipped by a 60MVA single phase transformer with the primary side connected to a 225kV transmission line. Based on the step-down or step-up functioning mode of CCIs, two topologies of reactive power compensator are presented. The converter design is developed on the base of a measurement campaign carried out at the substation. Numerical simulations using real current and voltage waveforms are presented. Finally, experimental results carried out at the SNCF test platform on a 1.2MVAR prototype are shown. In the last part, the problem of voltage unbalance is treated. Using the concept of CCI, the feasibility of an active Steinmetz circuit based on AC choppers is explored. As a case study, the substation of Evron is considered. It is a 32MVA substation connected to a 90kV transmission line. Measurements carried out on the substation site allow the compensator design and the possibility to consider real waveforms for current and voltage in numerical simulations. A comparison with classical solution based on two levels VSI and three levels NPC-VSI highlights the advantages of the proposed solution. Calculation and simulation results show that the stored energy in reactive elements is reduced by a factor six whereas the semiconductor losses are 40% lower. Experimental results obtained on a scaled demonstrator (1.5 kVA) validate the principle of the active Steinmetz circuit
Morati, Mathieu. "Contribution à l'étude et au contrôle des convertisseurs multiniveaux : application à la compensation des fours à arc." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0052/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the multilevel converters and addresses issues related to compensation for disturbance generated on an electrical network such as those produced by arc furnaces. It is composed of four chapters covering the themes of modeling of electrical networks, voltage converters, control and compensation strategies, with simulations and experimental results obtained on high power industrial equipment. There are many networks applications and multilevel converters are here considered to be directly connected to distribution networks. Therefore, a state of the art of different voltage converters, classics and multilevel topologies, is presented and the topologies called modular are retained for further studies. These converters use modular power cells made of H bridges, ½ bridges or 3-level H bridges connected in cascade. They allow to create different types of configurations or couplings called in this memory: star, delta and double stars. The different modules and the strategies to control them are investigated around the same switching power component (IGBT 2.5kV/1.5kA). Through electrical and thermal fields, a method is proposed to estimate their losses, junction temperatures in order to determine the limits of use of such a component of power. Sizing and reliability of these converters is also discussed for each considerer configurations in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages for a network application. Generally, the multilevel converters control strategy is difficult because of the multiple sources of DC voltages to control. In this context, control strategies are proposed and validated in simulation according to the types of modules and configuration used to compensation for disturbance of an arc furnace. Finally, the last part of this thesis is devoted to the experimental results based on an industrial compensator DSVC (Dynamic Static Var Compensator) for arc furnace compensation. The different results obtained at several industrial sites have thus allowed the validation of the various works exposed in this thesis
Bolea, Alamañac Ana Isabel. "Conception et mise en œuvre de méthodes de compensation des effets du canal de propagation pour optimiser les ressources radio." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0016.
Full textLeroy, Pascal. "Etude et quantification des pertes de charge dans les colonnes pulsées à garnissage disques-couronnes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL096N.
Full textCaulkins, Terence. "Caractérisation et contrôle du rayonnement d'un système de Wave Field Synthesis pour la situation de concert." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066679.
Full textChammam, Abdeljelil. "Étude de décharges haute pression mercure et mercure hallogénure alimentés par des courants rectangulaires et pulsés." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30002.
Full textThe present work deals with feeding, the design and experimental study of mercury discharge lamps of high pressure 400 W, one of which was doped in thallium iodine. A pulsed power supply was measured using the results of simulation obtained by coupling a model of mercury discharge lamp of high pressure with a circuit software. The conception of the model as well as the practical achievement of the pulsed power supply have been done in the laboratory. After having electrically validated the acting of the coupling of feeding with the lamp, we measured energetic spectrical flow and the luminous flow as well as total lightings of lines resolved in time. The latter results led to the determination of temperature for the pseudo continued and pulsed modes. Comparing these measurements with those obtained through a "fluid" calculating code enabled us to evaluate, characterise and analyse the dynamic behaviour of the studied discharges and also indicate the limits of the models. We have particularly noticed that the more intense the impulsions are, the shorter the establishment time is and the longer the relaxation time becomes. This phenomenon is almost the same for a lamp doped in thallium iodine, though times, especially relaxation times, are of considerable increase. Infact, we can relate this effect to the presence of metastable levels of thallium and the snaring of its resonance rays. The influence of impulsions on the radiation is important for the ultra-violet part of the spectrum. In the impulsion regime, efficiency increases and can reach 30%. These results can open new perspectives to the production of ultra-violet radiation in industrial applications
Ibrahim, Rony. "Focalisation des ondes électromagnétiques pour la transmission d'énergie sans fil." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI109.
Full textMost recent developments in Wireless Energy Transmission (WET) using electromagnetic (EM) waves focus on designing systems to recover the electromagnetic energy lost by common wireless systems such as Wi-Fi networks. However, the intermittent and unpredictable nature of these ambient sources makes harvesting energy critical for some applications. Hence, the WET over considerable distances using microwaves appears in this context allowing the remote wake-up and wireless powering of electronic devices in a myriad of applications that are a part of the constantly evolution of the way of life. Wireless powering of an electronic device eliminates the need of the battery, which reduces its size and cost. The work presented in this thesis belong to the WET in indoor environments field. When energy is voluntarily transmitted by microwaves, systems using continuous waves are not necessarily the most efficient. The aim of this research project is to achieve a complete WET system by focusing of EM waves at the receiver in order to increase the overall energy transfer efficiency. The studies presented during this thesis show that the time reversal technique (TR) is optimal for the focusing of EM waves. The procedure is carried out in two stages. In the first stage called \textit{learning stage}, a low energy pulse is transmitted by an emitting antenna. Another antenna placed in other location in the medium receives and records a signal made of a succession of delayed pulses, more or less attenuated, and related to reflections on the environment. In a second stage called \textit{focusing stage}, a high-energy signal constructed from the time reversal of the recorded signal is transmitted by one of the antennas. Using this technique, it results that the temporally inverted signal focuses spatio-temporally on the receiving antenna in the form of a Pulsed Wave (PW). These properties are particularly important for the WET. At the receiver circuit, the \textit{rectenna} (rectifying antenna) is the device for capturing and converting focused PW to DC voltage. In this research project, we introduce a novel rectenna design based on Schottky diodes with a current-doubler topology designed, developed and optimized to ensure optimum conversion performance of PW. Experimental measurements demonstrate good performance predicted by the design procedure. Moreover, the performances obtained are perfectly distinct from those found in the state of the art, making this work an innovation in WET domain
Petitclair, Patrice. "Modélisation et commande de structures FACTS : (Flexible alternative current transmission system) : application au STATCOM (STATic COMpensator)." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0089.
Full textFACTS project (Flexible Alternative current transmission system) was born to ameliorate the Power System Network flexibility problems. The STATCOM (STATic COMpensator) is a FACTS device dedicated for reactive power compensation which transit in the power network
Andrieu, Christophe. "Contribution à la conception d'alimentations à découpage à absorption sinusoidale." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0064.
Full textPraing, Chulasa. "Stabilité d'un réseau de transport avec pôles de production et de consommation éloignés en période de forte croissance." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0106.
Full textToday's opération of large povver Systems is continuously increasing in complexity due to size growth, to high ievel of interconnections, to the use of new techniques, and to economical, political and ecological constraints. Thèse factors lead the operators to operate thèse Systems close to their limit of stability and security. The risk of instability is increasing in case of a strongïy growing power consumption. To avoid this phenomenon, the study of stability (voltage and rotor angle) is proposed in this thesis. This study is a very signtficant mean to détermine available transfer capability (ATC) in deregulated envïronment. The work of this thesis has been conducted vvith the use of the static analysis techniques and dynamic simulation vvith Matlab and Eurostag software. Thèse techniques are applied mainly in the Vietnam povver System {220 and 500 kV), the BPA test System 500 kV in USA and the Massif Central power System in France. In this work, several static analysis techniques are presented in order to estimate the stability margin and to identify the entical areas for the voltage stability. The results obtained are in conformity with the real exploitation of Vietnam povver system. Then, dynamic simulation allows studying ail the behaviors of the system for any opérations. With thèse simulations, the response of each variable of the éléments of the system is observed; the results of measurements and simulations are compared: the components most sensitive to the voltage stability are identified as well as the origins of instability (voltage or rotor angle). In the end, the eombination between the static analysis and dynamic simulation are carried out in order to take advantage from the two analyses. Under certain critical conditions, the povver system can be affected by a phenomenon of instability. This phenomenon can be avoided by applying préventive and corrective measures. In this thesis, three methods of préventive measures are presented: two classical methods and a new method. They are used to decrease the risks of voltage instability in the steady state before or after a disturbance, by using the optimal power flow techniques (OPF). A new method of corrective measure is also presented in this thesis, it is used to avoid the voltage instability by using the sensitivity of the active and reactive power to the voltage. The critical nodes, where the load must be shed, are determined by the static analysis. In the end, several solutions, to improve stability (voltage and rotor angle) and to avoid instability. Are given by using modem reguîatory devices (FACTS, load compensation, PSS)
Rotoullié, Jean-Charles. "L'utilisation de la technique de marché en droit de l'environnement. L'exemple du système européen d'échange des quotas d'émission de gaz à effet de serre." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020053.
Full textBy taking the example of the European Union emission trading system, the objective of the present study is to understand the conditions of effectiveness of a specific tool: the market-based instrument. Market-based instrument is defined as a tool of policing aiming at the achievement of a public policy objective (pre-established by public authorities) with the creation of a market, i.e. the organisation of exchanges of “units” between economic operators. This tool is widely used in environmental law. The ex nihilo creation of a market in order to protect the environment must not mislead: the market-based instrument does not lead to a shift from public action to freedom. To the contrary, the effectiveness of the market-based instrument depends on a strong public action. A permanent (i.e. both during the preparation and the implementation of this tool) and multifaceted (i.e. at international, regional and national levels) public intervention is therefore required. The “invisible hand” of the market could only be effective with the “visible hand” of public authorities
Sarinana, Toledo Aaron. "COMMANDE DIRECTE ET OBSERVATION DES CONVERTISSEURS DE PUISSANCE : APPLICATION À I'ONDULEUR DE TENSION TRIPHASE." Phd thesis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689895.
Full textAbida, Ahmed. "Implémentation et réalisation d'un amplificateur de puissance quatre quadrants." Thèse, 2021. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9679/1/eprint9679.pdf.
Full textLalande, Émile. "Synthèse de couches optiques par co-dépôt pour les miroirs de LIGO." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25493.
Full textIn 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) observed for the first time gravitational waves generated by the merger of two black holes. This observation was the resut of 40 years of efforts to minimize the noise source which affect the the interferometer. To this date, the sensitivity of LIGO, in its most sensitive frequency domain, is limited by the granularity of the light on one hand, on the other, by a phenomenon of thermal fluctuations resulting from the mechanical dissipation in the thin film of the miroir, in particular in the high refractive index material: tantala. An improvement of the sensitivity would allow the measurement of more events, other gravitational phenomena and some details that would result in a better understanding. This master’s thesis presents results of our research to reduce the noise caused by internal mechanical dissipation in high refractive index layers. To do so, tantala layers were doped with either zirconium and titanium by co-deposition. Layers with different amounts of dopant were synthesized by magnetron sputtering on fused silica substrate similar to those of LIGO. Subsequently, mechanical dissipation, thickness, roughness, composition, areal density and microstructure were characterized by gentle nodal suspension, spectrally resolved ellipsometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. It appears that zirconium allows the annealing temperature to be increased before crystallization which further decreases internal mechanical dissipation, but does not change dissipation at a given annealing temperature. It was also determined that the concentration of titanium reduced the loss angle regardless of the zirconium concentration. A combination of the two dopant and high annealing temperatures thus enables the internal mechanical dissipation to be lower by a factor of 1.5.The difference in thermal expansion coefficient during high temperature annealing, however, induces layer cracking problems, partially resolved by the application of a silica cap.
Petitclair, Patrice. "Modélisation et Commande de structures FACTS : (Flexible Alternative CUITent Transmission System) Application au STATCOM (STATic COMpensator)." Phd thesis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00909634.
Full textShink, Rosalie. "Caractérisation et optimisation des paramètres physiques du Ta₂O₅ affectant le facteur de qualité de miroirs diélectriques." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24377.
Full textThis master's thesis presents the experiments made to reduce the loss angle of tantala coatings similar to those used in LIGO. To improve the relxation level of the coatings they were deposited by magnetron sputtering at temperatures varying from 50 °C to 480 °C. They were also subjected to rapid thermal annealing, and oxygen implantation. In another experiment, the coatings were deposited by magnetron sputtering with substrate biasing varying from 0 V to -450 V at room temperature and at 250 °C. Finally, the coatings of tantala were deposited by high power impulse magnetron sputtering. The loss angle, thickness, roughness, refractive index, atomic composition, stress, the relaxation state and Young's modulus of the coatings were characterized using spectroscopic ellipsometry, Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil detection, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and nanoindentation. It was found that the deposition temperature improved the loss angle until it reached 250 °C. However, annealing the coatings had a superior impact and the influence of the deposition temperature was not visible after annealing. When was applied a high bias to the susbtrate at room temperature, the obtained coating was slightly more relaxed than when a low bias was applied but this effect is, once again, insignificant after annealing. The other methods of deposition mentioned did not improve the loss angle or modify the relaxation state found by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction of the tantala coatings. This research was made with the financial support of the NSERC and of the FRQNT (file number 206976).