Academic literature on the topic 'Compatibility of decisions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Compatibility of decisions"
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Woeckener, Bernd. "Network Effects, Compatibility Decisions, and Monopolization." Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 119, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.119.1.23.
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Wang, Huaiyong, and Yongfang Liu. "Effect of Compatibility Between Decision Target and Processing Strategy on Postdecision Satisfaction." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.3.423.
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We conducted 2 experiments to examine the effect of compatibility between decision target (making a decision for oneself vs. another person) and processing strategy (alternative- vs. attribute-based) on postdecision satisfaction. The results showed that participants who were making decisions for themselves were more likely to prefer an alternative-based to an attribute-based processing strategy, whereas this effect was reversed for participants who were making decisions for others. A high degree of compatibility between self/other decision and alternative-based/attribute-based processing strategy increased postdecision satisfaction. Moreover, this effect was found to be mediated by decision confidence. Implications and suggestions related to these findings are discussed.
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TSENG, FAN-CHEN, and KUANG-CHENG ANDY WANG. "COMPATIBILITY STRATEGIES FOR AN ASYMMETRIC DUOPOLY CONSIDERING NETWORK EFFECTS AND MARKET SHARES." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 08, no. 04 (December 2011): 615–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877011002581.
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The network effect is a key factor influencing the development of e-business and technological innovation. At the same time, compatibility decisions can determine the success or failure of businesses and technologies. This study explores the compatibility strategies in the context of network effects using a two-stage game-theoretical model for a duopoly. In the first stage, two firms make their compatibility decisions, and in the second stage, two firms are engaged in Bertrand price competition. Major findings are (1) other things being fixed, two firms are more likely to be compatible with each other when they have similar market shares, (2) the compatibility decisions of firms will not be influenced by consumers' switching costs, (3) the order of their compatibility decisions will not change the resulting equilibrium, and (4) based on firms' compatibility decisions, the Bertrand price competition may still lead to market failure, necessitating governmental intervention or regulations.
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Encaoua, Michel, and Moreaux. "Network Compatibility: Joint Adoption versus Individual Decisions." Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, no. 25/26 (1992): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20075856.
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Rahman, Faiz, and Dian Agung Wicaksono. "Measuring the Compatibility of Conditional Decision in Formal Constitutional Review by the Constitutional Court." Jurnal Konstitusi 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 468–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk3036.
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The existence of conditional decisions becomes dynamic in constitutional review, including their use in procedural constitutional reviews. Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 is the first decision to grant the petition and use a conditional decision model. Unfortunately, as mentioned earlier, using the conditional decision model in the decision results in discourse among various parties, including government institutions, law enforcers, academics, and the general public. With the growing discourse, this research aims to analyze the compatibility of the conditional decision model in formal constitutional reviews by examining various formal constitutional review decisions and the conditional decisions handed down by the Constitutional Court. This research indicates that the conditional decision is incompatible with formal constitutional review. This can be observed from the incompatibility of conditional decisions with the regulatory design of formal constitutional reviews and their legal consequences.
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Rahman, Faiz, and Dian Agung Wicaksono. "Measuring the Compatibility of Conditional Decision in Formal Constitutional Review by the Constitutional Court." Jurnal Konstitusi 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 468–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk2036.
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The existence of conditional decisions becomes dynamic in constitutional review, including their use in procedural constitutional reviews. Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 is the first decision to grant the petition and use a conditional decision model. Unfortunately, as mentioned earlier, using the conditional decision model in the decision results in discourse among various parties, including government institutions, law enforcers, academics, and the general public. With the growing discourse, this research aims to analyze the compatibility of the conditional decision model in formal constitutional reviews by examining various formal constitutional review decisions and the conditional decisions handed down by the Constitutional Court. This research indicates that the conditional decision is incompatible with formal constitutional review. This can be observed from the incompatibility of conditional decisions with the regulatory design of formal constitutional reviews and their legal consequences.
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Baake, Pio, and Anette Boom. "Vertical product differentiation, network externalities, and compatibility decisions." International Journal of Industrial Organization 19, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(99)00029-6.
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Fansuri, Faisal, Ade Octavia, and Sylvia Kartika. "Pengaruh inovasi produk terhadap keputusan pembelian kaos Merek JAKOZ." Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen 8, no. 1 (March 8, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jdm.v8i1.16830.
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This study aims to determine the effect of a variable products innovation consisting of sub-variables relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, divisibility, and communicability on purchasing decisions on a T-shirt & Souvenir Jakoz outlets in the city of Jambi. This research is a survey using a questionnaire instrument. The samples used were 100 consumer brands Jakoz shirts. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis. This study indicates that product innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, divisibility, and communicability) simultaneously influences consumer purchasing decisions in partial compatibility, complexity, divisibility, and communicability influence purchase decisions. In contrast, the relative superiority does not affect the purchase decisions on Jakoz shirt brand products in Jambi.
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Elvina, Ayu, and Nur Ahmadi Bi Rahmani. "Pengaruh Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Easy Of Use, Perceived Risk, Dan Perceived Compatibility Terhadap Proses Keputusan Nasabah Menggunakan Mobile Banking Bank Syariah Indonesia (Studi Kasus Nasabah Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Medan Marelan)." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 2 (July 23, 2023): 2799. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i2.8792.
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The purpose of this study was to explain and analyze the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and perceived compatibility on customer decision processes using Bank Syariah Indonesia's mobile banking. This study uses quantitative methods and data collection through questionnaires, the population of which is the customer of Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Medan Marelam, while the sample taken is 65 respondents. The results of the study with the t test showed that the variables perceived usefulness separately did not have a significant effect on customers' decisions to use mobile banking, while the variables perceived ease of use, perceived risk and perceived compatibiliy showed that these variables had a significant effect on customers' decisions to use mobile banking. The results of the F test show that the variables perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and perceived suitability simultaneously have a significant effect on customers' decisions to use mobile banking. The magnitude of the influence of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and perceived suitability of the customer's decision to use mobile banking is 72.8%, while the rest is influenced by other variables.
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Adner, Ron, Jianqing Chen, and Feng Zhu. "Frenemies in Platform Markets: Heterogeneous Profit Foci as Drivers of Compatibility Decisions." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2432–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3327.
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We study compatibility decisions of two competing platform owners that generate profits through both hardware sales and royalties from content sales. We consider a game-theoretic model in which two platforms offer different standalone utilities to users. We find that incentives to establish one-way compatibility—the platform owner with smaller standalone value grants access to its proprietary content application to users of the competing platform—can arise from the difference in their profit foci. As the difference in the standalone utilities increases, royalties from content sales become less important to the platform owner with greater standalone value, but more important to the other platform owner. One-way compatibility can thus increase asymmetry between the platform owners’ profit foci and, given a sufficiently large difference in the standalone utilities, yields greater profits for both platform owners. We further show that social welfare is greater under one-way compatibility than under incompatibility. We also investigate how factors such as exclusive content and hardware-only adopters affect compatibility incentives. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compatibility of decisions"
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Agnew, Kevin. "The Effect of Presentation Format on Investor Judgments and Decisions: Does the Effect Differ for Varying Task Demands?" Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6162.
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This study examines the efficacy of presenting footnotes information in alternative display formats on investors’ judgments and decisions. Non-professional investors play a significant role in the capital markets yet they do not always attend to information contained in footnote disclosures. As a result, nonprofessional investors systematically misprice firms and misallocate resources. Recognizing that increased mandatory and voluntary disclosures create additional challenges for non-professional investors, both the FASB and SEC have actively sought ways to increase the effectiveness of disclosures. I hypothesize that high display proximity, low signal-to-noise presentation formats can increase investors’ attention to and processing of footnote disclosures and hence performance on an investing task. Further I hypothesize that low display proximity, low signal-to-noise presentation formats can improve investor performance on a recognition task. Lastly, I hypothesize that non-professional investors viewing high display proximity, low signal-to-noise footnote disclosures will rate usability higher than nonprofessional investors viewing footnote disclosures in the other three display formats.
Amazon Mechanical Turk workers are used as participants in a 2 x 2 between-participants experiment using two task types: an integrative (investing) task and a non-integrative (recognition) task. I manipulate display proximity (inline or side-by-side) and signal-to-noise ratio (footnotes presented simultaneously or individually). Contrary to my hypotheses, I find that low signal-to-noise ratio increases non-professional investors’ performance on both the integrative (investing) and non-integrative (recognition) tasks. Further, although task performance increased under the low signal-to-noise presentation format, participants did not evaluate either signal-to-noise presentation format easier to use or more useful. Instead, participants found the high display proximity (side-by-side) presentation format easier to use, although it did not yield performance increases.
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Agbali, Muna. "Female mating decisions in the rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2104.
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The aim of this study was to obtain an understanding of the basis to female mating decisions in the Chinese rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus). Bitterling have a resource-based mating system that involves the female laying her eggs inside the gills of a freshwater mussel. Male bitterling perform elaborate courtship behaviour and are territorial and aggressively guard mussels in their territory from other territory holders and non-territorial males. Using a series of laboratory experiments it was shown in this study that females were choosy over the males they mated with, but females were not congruent in their preferences. Female mate preferences correlated positively with offspring growth rates and survival during early development. Female mate choice did not correspond with male dominance, and there may be an intersexual conflict between female mate preferences and male dominance as a result. Females tended to prefer males with functionally dissimilar MHC alleles. MHC alleles may influence male odour cues, and females showed a preference for mussels in which the sperm of multiple males had been released, possibly indicating that females use odour cues associated with sperm release in mating decisions. Bitterling show an innate preference for the colour red in a foraging context and there may be a receiver bias for red nuptial colouration in female mating preferences. Despite a significant role for mate preferences, direct (oviposition) mating preferences were shown to be more important in the mating system. Choice of oviposition sites has both immediate (survival) consequences for offspring, as well as longer-term fitness effects.
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Kilani, Meriam. "Multiple product-project decisions coordination support : application to oil and gas development projects." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST027.
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Le défi majeur abordé dans cette recherche concerne la coordination de multiples décisions interdépendantes qui doivent être prises lors du projet, qu'elles soient techniques, financières ou contractuelles. Interdépendance signifie que prendre une décision sans tenir compte des impacts sur les autres décisions peut entraîner une sous-performance, voire des impasses, des itérations et des reprises. Pour surmonter ce défi, un processus de prise simultanée de décisions multiples a été proposé, en trois blocs : 1/ modélisation du réseau de décisions et formulation du problème multi-décisionnel ; 2/ structuration du problème pour proposer des scénarios pertinents et plausibles assemblés à partir d'alternatives de décisions élémentaires ; 3/ résolution du problème par la sélection et la recommandation de scénarios. La construction du processus de prise de décisions multiples est basée sur des possibilités diverses pour chaque bloc. Le décideur sélectionne parmi un ensemble de choix possibles pour adapter le processus décisionnel à son contexte précis. Pour le bloc 1, nous avons d'abord construit un réseau global qui modélise les décisions étudiées et les interdépendances qu'elles peuvent avoir avec d'autres décisions. Nous avons ensuite indiqué que les graphes et les matrices peuvent être utilisés pour répondre à ce besoin. Les deux méthodes permettent d'inclure toutes les décisions et interdépendances du réseau de décision dans un seul modèle, chacune d'entre elles ayant ses avantages et inconvénients, avec une sorte de complémentarité. Ensuite, pour formuler le problème local de multi-décision, deux approches de clustering basées sur les interactions sont proposées : l'approche descendante (considérant les interdépendances des décisions) et l'approche ascendante (avec un regroupement supplémentaire des décisions basé sur la date d'échéance). Ces deux approches aident à délimiter le périmètre sur un ensemble spécifique de décisions, étant donné qu'il peut être difficile de considérer tout le réseau de décisions en même temps. Dans le bloc 2, pour structurer le problème, deux méthodes basées sur des matrices et une autre basée sur des graphes ont été proposées. Ces méthodes offrent la possibilité de générer des scénarios en considérant les critères de compatibilité et de performance, soit séquentiellement (analyse morphologique), soit simultanément (QFD), soit de manière hybride (exploration de graphe). Pour les deux méthodes basées sur les matrices, un algorithme a été proposé pour faciliter l'identification de scénarios plausibles. Quant à la méthode basée sur les graphes, une heuristique plus légère peut être appliquée en temps réel lors d'une réunion de décision. Enfin, pour résoudre le problème, plusieurs méthodes MCDA ont été répertoriées dans le bloc 3 pour évaluer et sélectionner un scénario recommandé : méthodes d'évaluation absolue, méthodes de comparaison relative par paire, et méthodes de comparaison relative à des points de référence. Selon les acteurs industriels, un tel processus pourrait améliorer les mécanismes de coordination entre les décisions majeures de leurs projets. Même si les décisions sont interdépendantes, elles ne sont pas souvent considérées comme telles, et le processus que nous proposons permet (selon eux) d'avoir une meilleure vision des décisions à prendre ensemble et des conséquences des choix. Une étude de cas fictive, inspirée de projets réels passés, a été utilisée pour illustrer le processus de coordination multi-décision proposé. Nous sommes convaincus que notre recherche fournira une base solide pour d'autres études portant sur la coordination de décisions multiples et interdépendantes dans le cadre de projets complexes, même si certaines perspectives académiques et industrielles doivent être abordéesThe major challenge addressed in this research concerns the coordination of the multiple interdependent decisions that must be made during the project, either technical, financial, or contractual. Interdependence means that making one decision without considering the impacts for other decisions may imply some underperformance, or even dead ends, iterations, and rework.To overcome this challenge, a more adaptable multi-decision-making process has been proposed, consisting of three blocks: 1/ modeling the decision network and formulating the multi-decision problem; 2/ structuring the problem to propose relevant and plausible scenarios assembled from elementary decision alternatives; 3/ solving the problem by selecting and recommending scenarios.Building the multi-decision-making process is based on multiple possibilities for each block. The decision-maker selects from a set of possible choices to adapt the decision-making process to the precise context.For block #1, we have first articulated the need to build a global decision network that models the decisions under study and the interdependencies they may have with other decisions. We have then argued that graphs and matrices can be used to fulfill this need. Both methods allow to include all decisions and interdependencies of the decision network in one single model, each of them having its advantages and drawbacks, with a kind of complementarity.Then, to formulate the local multi-decision problem, two interactions-based clustering approaches are proposed: the top-down approach (considering decision interdependencies) and the bottom-up approach (with an additional due date-based grouping of decisions). Both help to delineate the focus of decision makers on a specific set of decisions, since considering the whole network of decisions at the same time can be challenging.In block #2, to structure the problem, two matrix-based and one graph-based methods have been proposed. These methods offer the possibility to generate possible scenarios considering compatibility and performance criteria, either sequentially (morphological analysis), simultaneously (QFD), or with a hybrid way (graph exploration). For the two matrix-based methods, an algorithm was proposed to facilitate the identification of plausible scenarios. As for the graph-based method, a lighter heuristic can be applied on live during a decision meeting.Finally, to solve the problem in block #3, several MCDA methods have been listed for evaluating and selecting a recommended scenario: absolute compensatory methods, relative pairwise comparison methods, and relative comparison to reference point methods.According to industrial actors, such a process could improve coordination mechanisms between the major decisions of their projects. Even though decisions were interdependent, they were not often considered as such, and our proposed process permits (according to them) to have a better vision of the decisions to be made together and of the consequences of the choices. A fictitious case study, inspired by real past projects, was used to illustrate the proposed multi-decision coordination process.We are convinced that our research will provide a solid basis for further studies on the coordination of multiple interdependent decisions in complex projects, although there are academic and industrial perspectives that need to be tackled
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Land, Rikard. "Software Systems In-House Integration : Observations and Guidelines Concerning Architecture and Process." Doctoral thesis, Västerås : Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Mälardalen University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-146.
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PAEZ, OMAR ROLANDO. "PERFORMANCE TRACKING THROUGH THE WORK COMPATIBILITY VISUAL TOOL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085769444.
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Darwish, Mariam M. "Towards an Emotional and Cognitive Model of Compatibility in Decision Making." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1180456457.
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Melo, Leonardo José de Campos. "Autonomia da vontade, consensualismo e arbitragem: A extensão da cláusula compromissória a partes não-signatárias fundamentada na teoria dos grupos de sociedades. A prática da Corte Internacional de Arbitragem da Câmara de Comércio Internacional (CCI) e sua compatibilidade com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2318.
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A prática da arbitragem comercial internacional tem se deparado, há pelos menos quatro décadas, com a problemática da extensão da cláusula compromissória a uma parte não-signatária, integrante do mesmo grupo de sociedades a que pertence uma das partes integrantes da convenção, em razão do comportamento adotado pela parte não-signatária nas fases de negociação do contrato, execução ou extinção. Nesse sentido, a prática da Corte Internacional de Arbitragem da Câmara de Comércio Internacional dos últimos trinta anos e reiteradas decisões judiciais em países de diferentes tradições jurídicas como a França, Suíça e Estados Unidos têm se manifestado favoravelmente a essa extensão subjetiva da convenção de arbitragem. O estudo da doutrina nacional e da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça sobre os grupos de sociedades e seus efeitos, e a análise detida de diversos precedentes do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre a homologação de sentenças arbitrais estrangeiras, revelam a compatibilidade da referida prática arbitral internacional com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.The possibility of extending an arbitration clause so that it binds a non-signatory company which is a member of the same corporate group as one of the signatories, on the basis of the conduct of said non-signatory during the negotiation, performance and termination of the contract, has been an issue in international commercial arbitration for the past three decades. The precedents of the International Arbitration Court of the International Chamber of Commerce during the past thirty years, and judicial decisions in countries such as France, Switzerland and the United States have been favorable to the extension of the arbitral convention to non-signatories. Analysis of the work of Brazilian legal commentators and the case law of the Superior Court of Justice relating to the group of companies doctrine [teoria dos grupos de sociedades], as well as analysis of several precedents of both the Superior Court of Justice and the Federal Supreme Court on the recognition of foreign arbitral awards, indicates that the international arbitration practice of the ICC on the extension of the arbitral agreement to non-signatories is compatible with the Brazilian legal system.
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Young, William Albert II. "A Team-Compatibility Decision Support System to Model the NFL Knapsack Problem: An Introduction to HEART." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1273158239.
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Chan, Wei-Chiao, and 詹惟喬. "Firms’ Decision Making for Bargaining Point with Product Externality and Compatibility under Declining Industry Environment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35029712655401442606.
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碩士國立東華大學
企業管理學系
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This research primarily discusses network externality and compatibility and how to influence firms under a declining industry environment. We know network externalities will increase more and more users and profit to buy a firm’s product in general, but not in a declining industry. But what if today is still the case under a declining industry environment? We find that if the firm produces products which have network externality features and compatibility, its’ profit declining rate will decrease under a harsh recession in an economic environment. The firms will have more time to stay in the market and develop some strategies to avoid exiting the market.
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McNair, Benjamin John. "Estimating the household benefits of undergrounding electricity distribution networks." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8953.
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Underground low-voltage electricity networks have several advantages over overhead networks including reliability of supply, safety and improved visual amenity. The economic viability of replacing existing overhead networks with new underground networks depends on the value of these benefits to households, but no complete value estimates are available. In this thesis, the focus is on benefit valuation, with two methods used to gather information regarding the benefits of undergrounding in a case study area - the hedonic price method, in which household preferences are revealed through purchases in the real estate market; and, the stated choice method, in which preferences are elicited using a survey. The empirical data were collected in Canberra, Australia.
Evidence from the stated choice survey suggests the value of benefits to households would be at least A$6,838 per household on average, with a 95 per cent confidence interval of A$5,444 to A$8,253. The demand function underlying this estimate is broadly consistent with evidence from the hedonic price study, which measures the benefits to a marginal purchaser in the real estate market. Some 31 per cent of households in the study areas chose to pay an estimated price premium of 2.9 per cent (between 0.4 and 5.3 per cent with 95 per cent confidence) to purchase a property serviced by underground networks (holding constant other property characteristics).
In addition to estimating values for policy use, the thesis focuses on one challenge associated with applying each method. The hedonic price method can be difficult to apply in cities where retrofit undergrounding has yet to take place, since the type of network infrastructure tends to be highly correlated with other property characteristics, such as building age and distance to the central business district. In this thesis, it is shown that this problem can be overcome by analysing data from areas with a mix of underground and overhead infrastructure where properties are otherwise relatively homogeneous.
Turning to the stated choice method, this thesis supports a growing body of literature finding violations of the assumptions typically made when analysing responses to a sequence of choice tasks; in particular, the assumptions of truthful, independent response and stable preferences. Preferences stated in the first of a sequence of binary choice tasks were not significantly different from those stated in an incentive compatible single binary choice task, but, in subsequent choice tasks, willingness to pay for undergrounding was lower and responses were influenced by cost levels observed in past questions.
An understanding of the decision processes (or heuristics) underlying this influence is required to ensure value estimates are not biased. The response patterns identified by novel econometric analysis in this thesis are consistent with certain types of heuristics involving strategic misrepresentation and/or value learning. The results suggest practitioners should test whether the standard assumptions are violated, and, if they are, account for the violations either by econometric techniques, such as the models presented in this thesis, or by simple sample selection approaches, such as focusing on responses to the first question presented to each respondent.Principal Supervisor: Jeff Bennett
Books on the topic "Compatibility of decisions"
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Jones, Alison, Brenda Sufrin, and Niamh Dunne. Jones & Sufrin's EU Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198824657.001.0001.
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EU Competition Law: Text, Cases, and Materials provides a complete guide to European competition law in a single authoritative volume. Carefully selected extracts from key cases, academic articles, and statutory materials are accompanied by in-depth author commentary from three experienced academics in the field. Thorough footnoting and referencing give a tour of the available literature, making this an ideal text and stand-alone resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as for competition law scholars engaged in specialized study. This seventh edition has been fully updated with detailed coverage and commentary on recent developments. These include the EU Courts’ judgments on Articles 101, 102 and 106 including Intel; cases on the Commission’s enforcement powers and judicial review; new legislation and guidelines on technology transfer; the revised de minimis notice; Commission actions in the digital economy, including the Google case; the directive on damages; and thorough discussion of ongoing developments in competition law such as the Commission's enforcement policy against cartels, the appraisal of mergers, the use of commitments decisions and the compatibility of EU competition procedures with human rights provisions.
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Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin. EU Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198723424.001.0001.
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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource.EU Competition Law: Text, Cases, and Materialsprovides a complete guide to European competition law in a single authoritative volume, pairing extract material with clear and in-depth author commentary. Carefully selected extracts from key cases, academic articles, and statutory materials are accompanied by in-depth commentary and critique from two experienced academics in the field. Thorough footnoting and referencing give a tour of the available literature, making this an ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as competition law scholars engaged in specialized study. This fifth edition has been fully updated with: detailed coverage and commentary on judgments, decisions, regulations and other measures published by competition law authorities including the Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, the European Commission, and various national courts; coverage of key Article 101 cases includingExpedia,T-Mobile,Pierre Fabre,Allianz Hungária Biztosító Zrt, andGenerali-Providencia Biztosító Zrt v. Gazdasági Versenyhivatal; Article 102 cases, includingTeliaSonera,Deutsche Telekom,Telefónica,Tomra,Post Danmark, andAstraZeneca; and thorough discussion of ongoing developments in competition law, including the Commission's aggressive enforcement policy against cartels, the review of merger processes and regulations, the compatibility of EU competition procedures with human rights provisions, and the increased number of Article 267 references from national courts.
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Kyritsis, Dimitrios. Where Our Protection Lies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199672257.001.0001.
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In this book Dimitrios Kyritsis advances an original account of constitutional review of primary legislation for its compatibility with human rights. Key to it is the value of separation of powers. When the relationship between courts and the legislature realizes this value, it makes a stronger claim to moral legitimacy. Kyritsis steers a path between the two extremes of the sceptics and the enthusiasts. Against sceptics who claim that constitutional review is an affront to democracy he argues that it is a morally legitimate institutional option for democratic societies because it can provide an effective check on the legislature. Although the latter represents the people and should thus be given the initiative in designing government policy, it carries serious risks, which institutional design must seek to avert. Against enthusiasts he maintains that fundamental rights protection is not the exclusive province of courts but the responsibility of both the judiciary and the legislature. Although courts may sometimes be given the power to scrutinize legislation and even strike it down, if it violates human rights, they must also respect the legislature’s important contribution to their joint project. Occasionally, they may even have a duty to defer to morally sub-optimal decisions, as far as rights protection is concerned. This is as it should be. Legitimacy demands less than the ideal. In turn, citizens ought to accept discounts on perfect justice for the sake of achieving a reasonably just and effective political order overall.
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Majcher, Izabella. European Union Returns Directive and Its Compatibility with International Human Rights Law: Analysis of Return Decision, Entry Ban, Detention, and Removal. BRILL, 2019.
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Boland, Lawrence A. Recognizing knowledge and learning in equilibrium models. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190274320.003.0007.
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This chapter introduces Part II, discussing the limits of equilibrium models. This chapter discusses how the recognition of time and information within models results in the need to deal with expectations explicitly. This leads to the problem of explaining nature of a decision maker’s knowledge – is it quantity-based or quality based. That is, is knowledge like wealth or like health. The chapter also provides a discussion of the main property that every neoclassical equilibrium must provide. Specifically, an equilibrium model’s explanation of economic events must not violate methodological individualism. The chapter criticizes the presumption that methodological individualism must be compatibility with a psychology-based model of the individual decision maker. Using a psychology-based model of the individual can undermine the idea of completely free choice, which was the original appeal of the equilibrium models.
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Grimm, Dieter. The Basic Law as a Barrier against a Transformation of the EU into a State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805120.003.0011.
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This chapter examines how Germany’s Basic Law can prevent the transformation of the European Union into a state. It begins with a discussion of the German Federal Constitutional Court’s (Bundesverfassungsgericht) 2009 decision on the compatibility of the Lisbon Treaty with the Basic Law. In particular, it highlights the message of the Bundesverfassungsgericht’s judgment: that European integration will not be hindered by Germany but finds it limits in the Basic Law. It then explains why, on the side of the EU, the German Court puts so much weight on the treaty character of the EU’s legal basis and why, on the side of the Member States, much emphasis is placed on sovereignty. It also considers the question of whether Germany would be allowed to join a federal European state if its democratic legitimacy were at the level required by Article 79(3) Basic Law.
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Mele, Alfred R. Free Will. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197574232.001.0001.
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Abstract Do we have free will? This book is an opinionated guide through a philosophical maze that leads to an answer. The main philosophical theories and arguments about free will are explained, and their pros and cons are explored. Topics discussed include the meaning of “free will,” connections between free will and moral responsibility, compatibilism and incompatibilism, determinism and indeterminism, decision-making, the ability to do otherwise than one did, philosophical skepticism about free will, and alleged challenges that some experiments in neuroscience pose to the existence of free will. The author’s own unique position on free will is explained in the final chapter.
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Herwig C H, Hofmann, and Micheau Claire, eds. State Aid Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780198727460.001.0001.
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Rules controlling State aid and subsidies on the EU and the WTO level can have a decisive influence on both regulatory and distributive decision-making. This field of law has grown exponentially in importance and complexity over the past decades. Rules on State aid and subsidies control are one of the key instruments to ensure that public spending and regulatory measures do not lead to discriminatory distortions of competition. As a consequence, hardly any part of national law is free from review under criteria of State aid and subsidy regulation. In turn, State aid and subsidies law is linked to economic, constitutional, administrative law of the EU and the Member States as well as to public international law. This book provides expert opinion and commentary on the diverse dimensions of this complex and vital area of law. Critically analysing and explaining developments and current approaches in State aid law and subsidies, the chapters take into account not only the legal dimensions but also the economic and political implications. They address the EU law applicable to State aid in the aftermath of the recent State Modernisation reform, and coverage includes: an in-depth analysis of the notion of State aid as interpreted by the Court's cases-law and the Commission's practice; the rules on compatibility of State aid with the internal market; the rules governing the procedure before the Commission; the litigation before the Court of Justice of the European Union; and analysis of the other trade defence instruments, including WTO subsidy law and EU anti-subsidy law.
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
Book chapters on the topic "Compatibility of decisions"
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Bakopoulos, Emmanouil, Vasilis Siatras, Panagiotis Mavrothalassitis, Nikolaos Nikolakis, and Kosmas Alexopoulos. "Digital-Twin-Enabled Framework for Training and Deploying AI Agents for Production Scheduling." In Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing, 147–79. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46452-2_9.
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AbstractDigital manufacturing tools aim to provide intelligent solutions that will help manufacturing industry adapt to the volatile work environment. Modern technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twins (DT) are primarily exploited in a way to simulate and select efficient solutions from a broad range of alternative decisions. This work aims to couple DT and AI technologies in a framework where training, testing, and deployment of AI agents is made more efficient in production scheduling applications. A set of different AI agents were developed, utilizing key optimization technologies such as mathematical programming, deep learning, heuristic algorithms, and deep reinforcement learning are developed to address hard production schedule optimization problems. DT is the pilar technology, which is used to simulate accurately the production environment and allow the agents to reach higher efficiency. On top of that, Asset Administration Shell (AAS) technology, being the pilar components of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), was used for transferring data in a standardized format in order to provide interoperability within the multi-agent system (MAS) and compatibility with the rest of I4.0 ecosystem. The system validation was provided in the manufacturing system of the bicycle industry by improving the business performance.
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Du, Zhijiao, and Sumin Yu. "Compatibility Distance Oriented Off-Center Clustering Method." In Social Network Large-Scale Decision-Making, 71–83. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7794-9_5.
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Galand, Lucie, and Brice Mayag. "A Heuristic Approach to Test the Compatibility of a Preference Information with a Choquet Integral Model." In Algorithmic Decision Theory, 65–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67504-6_5.
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Munera, Hector A. "A Large Scale Empirical Test for the Linearized Moments Model (LMM): Compatibility between Theory and Observation." In Risk, Decision and Rationality, 291–311. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4019-2_17.
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Bulyk-Verkhola, Sofiia, Myroslava Hnatyuk, Iryna Shmilyk, Yuliya Tehlivets, and Liliia Kharchuk. "Linguistic Images of Man and Woman in the Story of Ivan Franko “Cross-Paths”: Attributive Compatibility." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 121–42. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27506-7_5.
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Giampietro, Mario. "Multi-scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism." In Studies in Ecological Economics, 109–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22566-6_10.
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AbstractMuSIASEM provides a set of new narratives about the economic process that responds to the original challenges of the field of Ecological Economics. These alternative narratives can be used to identify and integrate four aspects of sustainability: (i) feasibility – compatibility with external constraints (processes outside of human control); (ii) viability – compatibility with internal constraints (processes under human control), (iii) desirability – compatibility with the stability of the social bonding (affective interactions in societal practices); (iv) security – the level of openness of the metabolic pattern (the extent of externalization of socio-economic and environmental pressures to other countries and ecosystems through imports). To achieve this result, MuSIASEM uses a complexity frame of reference. Starting out from the principles of bioeconomics of Geoergescu-Roegen, it elaborates the concept of metabolic pattern of social-ecological systems to explore the impredicative relations over the characteristics of structural and functional elements across scales and dimensions. Using relational analysis and integrating three different accounting metrics, the analytical toolkit generates a rich information space describing the impredicative entanglement of different attributes of performance across dimensions and scales. Rather than making predictions, MuSIASEM explores the option space of plausible changes based on a series of “what if” questions. This quantitative accounting framework can be applied in diagnostic mode, to identify critical sustainability issues, and in anticipation mode, to identify implausible policies. MuSIASEM thus provides a flexible decision support for multi-level governance while guaranteeing the transparency of the choices made by the analyst.
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Wolf, Th. "Analytical decoupling, decision of compatibility and partial integration of systems of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations." In EUROCAL '85, 597–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15984-3_336.
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Scerrati, Elisa, Cristina Iani, and Sandro Rubichi. "Does the Activation of Motor Information Affect Semantic Processing?" In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 153–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69823-2_7.
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AbstractSeveral behavioral studies show that semantic content influences reach-to-grasp movement responses. However, not much is known about the influence of motor activation on semantic processing. The present study aimed at filling this gap by examining the influence of pre-activated motor information on a subsequent lexical decision task. Participants were instructed to observe a prime object (e.g., the image of a frying pan) and then judge whether the following target was a known word in the lexicon or not. They were required to make a keypress response to target words describing properties either relevant (e.g., handle) or irrelevant (e.g., ceramic) for action or unrelated to the prime object (e.g., eyelash). Response key could be located on the same side as the depicted action-relevant property of the prime object (i.e., spatially compatible key) or on the opposite side (i.e., spatially incompatible key). Results showed a facilitation in terms of lower percentage errors when the target word was action-relevant (e.g., handle) and there was spatial compatibility between the orientation of the action-relevant component of the prime object and the response. This preliminary finding suggests that the activation of motor information may affect semantic processing. We discuss implications of these results for current theories of action knowledge representation.
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Ambalov, Igor Alexander. "The Roles of Habit and Compatibility in the Continued Use of Short-Form Video Sharing Services." In Virtual Technologies and E-Collaboration for the Future of Global Business, 215–37. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5027-7.ch012.
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Short-form video sharing services (SVSs), such as TikTok, have rapidly grown in popularity in the recent years. Some evidence suggests that because SVSs allow users to quickly and easily create and consume on-demand content, they are addictive, and they appeal to a wide audience. The available literature attempting to explain this phenomenon remains scant. In order to fill this gap, the current study aims to examine the roles of habit and compatibility on SVS continuance intention and the interaction of these relationships with user experience, using TikTok as a context. To this goal, data collected from 157 university-student TikTok users are analyzed using structural equation modeling to determine whether these factors shape their continuance decisions. The findings show that habit and compatibility positively affect continuance intention while experience does not. This study enhances SVS continuance research by theorizing and empirically confirming that habit and compatibility are important influences in the context of continuing SVS usage.
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Kennett, W. A. "Information about the Debtor." In Enforcement of Judgments in Europe, 99–128. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198298199.003.0004.
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Abstract The problem of obtaining information about a debtor may be a suitable starting point for a consideration of the need to promote compatibility between legal systems in Europe. If a debtor is to be worth suing, and if the resulting judgment is to be capable of enforcement in another jurisdiction, access to information is essential—and the earlier in the process helpful information can be acquired, the better the creditor is placed to make appropriate decisions.
Conference papers on the topic "Compatibility of decisions"
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Csavina, Frank L., and Russell K. Denney. "A Global Approach in Evaluating Inlet/Engine Compatibility." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-402.
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Modern weapon systems demands are forcing engine designers to draw a finer line in their trades between performance and compatibility. Next generation smart engine controls also have the flexibility to optimize (real-time) either performance or compatibility knowing the flight condition and aircraft attitude. This paper presents a global statistical approach for the evaluation of installed aircraft/engine compatibility. The proposed methodology uses a Monte Carlo simulation to analyze the complex interaction of randomly occurring destabilizing events. Planned or projected aircraft operational usage and bleed and power offtake demand data are combined with data from an inlet distortion model and an engine model to predict remaining surge margin for the given operational usage. The result is a predicted probability of surge per thousand engine flight hours. Thus the procedure yields a quantitative total system or global assessment of the probability of engine surge, thereby providing designers expanded insight into inlet/engine compatibility decisions.
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Weerapperuma, U., S. Jayasena, A. Rathnasinghe, and N. Thurairajah. "The impact of professionals’ knowledge on innovation adoption in the construction industry: A critical literature review." In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.72.
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The construction industry is one of the leading economic sectors in any country yet is renowned for its reluctance to adopt novel innovations. Meanwhile, research has found that the decision of any industry on the adoption or rejection of innovations depends on its positive or negative perception, which is stipulated by industry professionals’ knowledge. Therefore, this research aims to disclose how the professionals’ knowledge affects successful innovation adoption specific to the construction industry. A qualitatively based extensive literature synthesis has been conducted concerning three concepts to provide a holistic view of innovation decisions. Namely, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Technology-Organisation-Environment framework (TOE), and Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI). The findings revealed that the "existing knowledge" of professionals was a key factor in innovation decisions. Accordingly, five main perceived attributes (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability) have been identified through Roger’s innovation-decision model, and decisively common measurement items have been documented under each perceived attribute that comprehensively endorses the "existing knowledge" of construction professionals. Furthermore, this contemporary study found that all the recognised measurement items extensively affect innovation-decision. In the absence of a pragmatic decision framework, this article provides a clear impression for both technology developers and their users/stakeholders on crucial elements of innovation adoption that have been concerned via decision makers' technological perception.
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Wang, Zhichao, Shapour Azarm, and P. K. Kannan. "Design for Upstream and Downstream Market Systems With Interoperability Considerations." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34699.
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Product design decision makers are frequently challenged by the difficulty of ensuring compatibility of parts sourced from various suppliers, including the services that the product is designed to integrate. The crux of the difficulty is in analyzing the ability of sourced parts (and services) to interoperate under uncertainty, and the impact of such compatibility on the overall marketing objectives. Therefore, the decisions in a design for market system problem can be closely related to the considerations along both the upstream (e.g., suppliers) and downstream (e.g., service providers and customers) market systems. This paper fills a gap in the existing research by exploring a design decision method that integrates upstream and downstream market systems with interoperability considerations. The proposed method is based on a mathematical model and metric for interoperability presented for the first time in the literature and particularly in the context of engineering design. The design decision framework is demonstrated using three examples: a mechanical design tolerance problem, a power tool design problem, and a tablet computer design problem. The mechanical design problem demonstrates how the interoperability metric can be used as a new way of analyzing tolerances in mechanical systems. The power tool design example involves an integration of upstream and downstream market systems for design selection. The tablet computer design selection problem considers not only the upstream suppliers but also customers and digital service providers along the downstream market system.
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Xue, Mengge, Weiming Cai, Jinsong Su, Linfeng Song, Yubin Ge, Yubao Liu, and Bin Wang. "Neural Collective Entity Linking Based on Recurrent Random Walk Network Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/740.
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Benefiting from the excellent ability of neural networks on learning semantic representations, existing studies for entity linking (EL) have resorted to neural networks to exploit both the local mention-to-entity compatibility and the global interdependence between different EL decisions for target entity disambiguation. However, most neural collective EL methods depend entirely upon neural networks to automatically model the semantic dependencies between different EL decisions, which lack of the guidance from external knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end neural network with recurrent random-walk layers for collective EL, which introduces external knowledge to model the semantic interdependence between different EL decisions. Specifically, we first establish a model based on local context features, and then stack random-walk layers to reinforce the evidence for related EL decisions into high-probability decisions, where the semantic interdependence between candidate entities is mainly induced from an external knowledge base. Finally, a semantic regularizer that preserves the collective EL decisions consistency is incorporated into the conventional objective function, so that the external knowledge base can be fully exploited in collective EL decisions. Experimental results and in-depth analysis on various datasets show that our model achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art models. Our code and data are released at https://github.com/DeepLearnXMU/RRWEL.
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Ishii, K., C. H. Lee, and R. A. Miller. "Methods for Process Selection in Design." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0115.
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Abstract This paper describes our proposed methodology for process selection that applies to the early stages of product design. We focus on net-shape manufacturing processes and identify the major factors that affect the selection of an appropriate process. The sequence at which designers typically make decisions depends largely on the nature of the product and the development environment. Thus, a versatile methodology should consider all the factors simultaneously in assessing the suitability of the candidate processes. The paper describes three types of knowledge that represent the compatibility of various processes to a given set of specifications: a) Case-based knowledge, i.e., templates of good, bad, and poor combination of decisions, b) Ordinal relationships among candidate processes based on interval analysis of cost, and c) Life-cycle cost estimate. Each type of knowledge gives an evaluation of suitability (compatibility) of candidate processes. Our future challenge lies in combining these measures at various stages of product development. Our initial studies on relationships between process selection and influencing factors lead to a HyperCard stack which stores information in an object-oriented fashion. This stack contains information which is the basis for our future computer-aid for process selection.
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Choudhury, Abhijit K., and V. Allada. "Product Composition Selection Problem: A Fuzzy-Goal Programming Approach." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15059.
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In order to achieve mass customization, companies focus on the effective usage of the Modules-of-the-shelf (MOTS) as opposed to purely relying on developing Product Specific Modules (PSM). Hence, there is a need to develop a proper methodology to evaluate the "develop PSM vs. use MOTS" decisions. This decision holds greater significance for the modular architecture, as increase in the PSM leads to decrease in the degree of the modularization of the product architecture. The compatibility issue of the MOTS and PSM has been explicitly defined in the present paper. While making the abovementioned decision, information pertaining to suppliers providing the components/modules is critical. In this study, in addition to the common criteria like cost and performance, we have also included risk assessment of the suppliers while selecting them for providing the modules. This leads to the development of a multi-objective design optimization formulation to determine the amount of MOTS and PSM in the product. To cope with the vagueness inherent in the various decision parameters, a fuzzy goal programming based approach has been applied. The design problem of a TV receiver circuit has been taken from the literature to show the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
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Tortrakul, Nichnita, Chatwit Pochan, Steve Southland, Pimjai Mala, Tawpath Pichaichanlert, and Yuranan Tangsawanich. "Drilling Performance Improvement Through use of Artificial Intelligence in Bit and Bottom Hole Assembly Selection in Gulf of Thailand." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201079-ms.
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Abstract This paper describes a method of transforming legacy manual bit/BHA planning process into a digital solution to enhance drilling assembly selection efficiency and consistency. The solution presented improves overall capital stewardship thru an effective and semi-automated use of data to deliver high quality decisions and improve decision consistency across drilling applications and drive drilling performance. Data science and machine learning is applied to streamline the data preparation process and present to the user a statistically sound drilling assembly solution for the drilling environment input. A large +6000 well database is used to explore alternatives and rank potential solutions using performance and directional compatibility characteristics unique to the Gulf of Thailand. The digital project goal presented is two-fold. The first is to streamline all related data and decision processes in the office to improve work efficiency and information accessibility. The second goal is to improve field drilling performance by installation of a self-learning advisory tool. There is a requirement for multiple sub-processes to work in parallel. The population of data in the database and quality checks must be automated to handle hourly/daily data updates. A system for auto-loading drilling data from rigsite was created. A second system containing data science and machine learning was created to identify similar wells, rank their respective performance and directional compatibility to a future well of interest, and offer a statistically relevant solution recommendation. A benefit of such a system is a more efficient workflow with improved field drilling results while effectively capturing Chevron Thailand methods for many drilling engineers to use in the future. Adopting agile concept during development phase is one of the keys to success for this project. Additionally, utilization of digital transformation technology is a key enabler to handle big data, data science and data foundation.
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Mandhr, Al Kalbani, Ouyang Yong, Al Harrasi Ameera, Al Jarradi Saif, Smirnov Dmitrii, Al Tobi Kifah, Al Khusaibai Aida, et al. "Unconventionally Hydraulic Fractured Wells to Develop a Tight Sour Oil Reservoir." In SPE International Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215639-ms.
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Abstract Summary A field in the southern Sultanate of Oman producing from a tight salicylate reservoir is being studied to evaluate its development potential with unconventional hydraulically fractured vertical wells after initial results from two proof-of-concept wells were positive. The reservoir is more than 3,000 m deep, trapped in salt and over-pressured. It contains sour oil with H2S/CO2 contents of 1 and 2 mol%, respectively, and highly saline formation brine. Although the reservoir has good porosity, the formation is tight with micro-Darcy permeability. Of the eight producers present, two producers have been fracked unconventionally hydraulically with 6 and 15 stages, respectively. The study aims to develop such a field with unconventionally hydraulically fracked producers to mature commercial volumes and meet the value drivers of the project. Development of the field is intended to be phased, starting with the crestal area to reduce risk, and progressing to the flanks over time. The project went through several phases and milestones to explore project decisions and select the optimal options to meet the project's value drivers. The team was tasked with economically optimizing the number of wells, well placement and frac design, well material and completion, and developing a solution for halite scale precipitation. Frac parameters were first matched in Ghofer frac model to match frac job parameters for the two existing unconventionally fracked wells. Dynamic simulation models with frac models were used to match well test and Production-Log (PLT) data. These models were then used to generate production forecasts to support project decision-making and maximize value while ensuring project competitiveness within the company's project portfolio. To address halite scaling potential during frac fluid recovery, water samples were collected and analyzed for compatibility and scaling potential and to optimize a scaling mitigation strategy. The two unconventionally fracked wells produced longer fractures than the conventional wells and have shown to deliver greater economic oil rates. Sonic noise log and well test results demonstrate that guar-based gel produces thicker and shorter cracks. High-viscosity friction reducer (HVFR) produces thinner but much longer fractures. Unconventional fracs increase reservoir coverage by three times compared to conventionally fracked wells, resulting in a five-fold increase in oil recovery at higher pipe-head pressures. From these findings, the decision is made for unconventional fracs, cleaner HVFR frac fluid, and fracture conductivity damage of about 15-25%. The optimal unconventional frac design and well spacing were considered dependent and evaluated in combination. Key well design, completion, and material decisions were made considering production conditions to safely produce commercial oil. To reduce the outcome uncertainty and implementation risk while developing the field, multiple scenario trees were constructed, which were used to decide on the phased manner for field development. The study shows that well spacing and optimal number of wells should be studied with frac design. All decisions related to subsurface, frac technology and well design should be made in an integrated manner, considering the circumstances of the project to make optimal decisions.
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Baraf, L., and S. Mueller. "The compatibility of strong automation of comparative LCA with the broad possibility of creative decisions in a new tool for analysis of similar products concerning environmental consequence." In Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747589.
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Navinchandra, D. "Design for Environmentability." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0038.
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Abstract There is a growing interest in making products environmentally more compatible. While there is a need to make products and processes less toxic, to increase recyclability, and to reduce waste; we have to try to achieve environmental friendliness without compromising product quality. This approach to design has come to be called Green Engineering Design. The aim is to identify, develop, and exploit new technologies that can bolster productivity without costing the environment. The idea is to inject concerns about environmental friendliness into the design process; where, the assessment of environmental friendliness is based on a life-cycle view of the product. This includes the product’s manufacturing process, distribution, use, and final disposal. Our approach to green engineering design has two pans: (1) the development of special green indicators — measures of environmental compatibility, and (2) tools that use the green indicators to help designers assess, compare, and make design decisions.
Reports on the topic "Compatibility of decisions"
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Berkowitz, Jacob F., Christine M. VanZomeren, Jaybus J. Price, and Anthony M. Priestas. Incorporating Color Change Propensity into Dredged Material Management to Increase Beneficial Use Opportunities. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39261.
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Dredged materials provide a number of beneficial use opportunities, including beach nourishment, habitat creation and restoration, and other activities. In situ sediment color is important for determining aesthetic and habitat suitability, for beach nourishment, and for other projects. However, dredged materials must meet locally established color compatibility requirements (for example, material cannot be too dark). Often, potential sediment sources are close to meeting specified color thresholds, and previous observations suggest that sediments lighten over time. In response to these observations, this study quantified sediment color change potential in a dredged m aterial management context. Results indicate that dredged material sediment color responded to changes in secondary color components, sediment mixing, and photolytic bleaching improving the sediment color for beneficial use application. Findings allowed for development of a conceptual color change capacity framework and supported development of tools for resource managers to incorporate color change dynamic into planning and operations activities.The following report provides a framework for determining the color change capacity of dredged materials using (1) a comprehensive laboratory approach and (2) a semiquantitative index based on source material and placement location conditions. These tools allow practitioners to incorporate dredged-material color change into resource management decisions, thus increasing beneficial use opportunities.
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Nallar, Melisa, Shelia Barnett, Edith Martinez-Guerra, Jamie Potter, and Christina Rinaudo. Investigation of steam adsorption chillers to modernize existing central steam plant systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47914.
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This report investigates the integration of steam adsorption chillers as a modernization strategy for conventional central steam plant systems. Our objective is to assess the feasibility, advantages, and challenges of incorporating steam adsorption chillers into existing steam plant setups to enhance energy efficiency and cooling capabilities. Central steam plant systems have historically been used for steam-based heating but often lack cooling capabilities, necessitating additional cooling infrastructure. Steam adsorption chillers offer a potential solution by using waste steam for cooling, optimizing energy utilization and reducing reliance on traditional cooling methods. Through a comprehensive analysis, this report evaluates the technical compatibility and potential cost implications of implementing steam adsorption chillers. It explores factors such as system integration, operational dynamics, and maintenance requirements to provide a holistic view of the feasibility and benefits of this modernization approach. The findings aim to offer valuable insights to decision-makers and Army facility managers seeking innovative ways to upgrade central steam plant systems. By considering the technical and economic aspects of adopting steam adsorption chillers, this report contributes to the knowledge base for sustainable and efficient energy utilization in central plant operations.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.
Full textAbstract:
The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.
Full textAbstract:
The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.