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1
Rai, Tara Mani. "Lexical comparison in Hayu: a lexicostatistical analysis." Gipan 4 (December 31, 2019): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v4i0.35464.
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This article presents the lexicostatistical analysis of Hayu language based on 210 wordlist. There appear different ranges of lexical and phonetic similarities across the five different survey points. Being based on the Mudhajor, the core area of Hayu, exhibits a significant degree of lexical similarity with other points, i.e. Aadmara, Kodre, Wadi and Balingkhola. Such similarity percentages clearly indicate that Hayu spoken in five different points are mutually intelligible to each other. The lexicostatistical data, therefore, show that there is not much lexical variations across the villages where Hayu is spoken.
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Skirdenko, Ju P., and N. A. Nikolaev. "Clinically significant food preferences of patients with atrial fibrillation: a nosological and regional peculiarities." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.01.000026.
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The aim of the investigation was to study the peculiarities of food consumption in patients with atrial fibrillation, capable of influencing the anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, in comparison with healthy volunteers and taking into account geographical specifics. Materials and methods. In an open cohort study, 196 respondents (88 men, 108 women) evaluated food preferences using a questionnaire survey. The quantitative evaluation of adherence to lifestyle modification was studied by QAA-25. Statistical data processing was performed by parametric (Student's t-test) and nonparametric (Wald-Wolfowitz, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson) analysis methods. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in food rations between the studied categories of respondents, both increasing [37.0±19.5 points versus 37.3±17.98 points; Wald-Wolfowitz (Z), p=0.16] and reducing the activity of warfarin [62.2±26.3 points versus 63.4±23.8 points; Wald-Wolfowitz (Z), p=0.95]. The absence of differences remained in the evaluation, taking into account regional characteristics of nutrition. The respondents were taking warfarin, there is no relationship between the level of commitment to the modification of lifestyle and diet modification. Conclusion: it is shown that medical recommendations aimed at correcting the eating behavior of respondents taking warfarin are not effective, which can be an independent risk factor for complications of both warfarin therapy and the underlying disease.
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Tóth, Gergely. "Circular Economy and its Comparison with 14 Other Business Sustainability Movements." Resources 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8040159.
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Circular economy is not the first, and probably not the last “movement” in the arena of sustainability macroeconomic and business solutions. In this article we produce a—not full—list of similar movements from the 1990s, publish a comparative table and propose a simple framework to decide the significant points of the life cycle of such a kind of movement. For significant points and statistics, we use simplified content analysis from normal and scientific research engines. Finally, we use this framework to make a forecast about time for the circular economy approach “to stay on the top” and conclude if these movements are “Much Ado about Nothing” or they help us on our way to a sustainable planetary, social and economic system.
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Chakrabarti, Mayukh, Hyunbum Jang, and Ruth Nussinov. "Comparison of the Conformations of KRAS Isoforms, K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B, Points to Similarities and Significant Differences." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, no. 4 (January 27, 2016): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11110.
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Cimera, Robert Evert. "The Percentage of Supported Employees With Significant Disabilities Who Would Earn More in Sheltered Workshops." Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities 42, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540796917697448.
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This study examined the percentage of 21,257 supported employees served by 74 state-federal vocational rehabilitation agencies in 2013 who would have earned more wages in sheltered workshops than in the community. It found that the overwhelming majority of supported employees earned more in their communities at all wage comparison points; however, substantial differences in wages were identified according to the participant’s disability type, occupation, vocational rehabilitation agency, and the region in which they lived.
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Ushiro, Kosuke, Hiroki Nishikawa, Masahiro Matsui, Takeshi Ogura, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Masahiro Goto, Shiro Nakamura, et al. "Comparison of SARC-F Score among Gastrointestinal Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184099.
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SARC-F is a screening tool for sarcopenia. We sought to compare the SARC-F scores of patients with different gastrointestinal diseases (n = 1282 (762 males): upper gastrointestinal disease (UGD, n = 326), lower gastrointestinal disease (LGD, n = 357), biliary and pancreatic disease (BPD, n = 416), and liver disease (LD, n = 183)). Factors associated with SARC-F ≥4 points (highly suspicious of sarcopenia) were also examined. The median age was 71 years. Patients with SARC-F ≥4 points were found in 197 (15.4%). Advanced cancer was found in 339 patients (26.4%). The proportion of SARC-F ≥4 points in groups of UGD, LGD, BPD, and LD were 17.5% (57/326) in UGD, 12.0% (43/357) in LGD, 17.3% (72/416) in BPD, and 13.7% (25/183) in LD, respectively (overall p = 0.1235). In patients with and without advanced cancer, similar tendencies were observed. In the multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.0011), serum albumin (p < 0.0001), lymphocyte count (p = 0.0019), C reactive protein (p = 0.0197), and the presence of advanced cancer (p = 0.0424) were significant factors linked to SARC-F ≥4 points. In patients with advanced cancer, SARC-F scores correlated well with their Glasgow prognostic scores. In conclusion, sarcopenia in gastrointestinal diseases may be affected not by disease type (i.e., the primary origin of the disease) but by aging, nutritional condition, inflammatory condition, and cancer burden.
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Fetter, Deborah S., Madan Dharmar, Suzanne Lawry-Hall, Jona Pressman, Jamie Chapman, and Rachel E. Scherr. "The Influence of Gain-Framed and Loss-Framed Health Messages on Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1985740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19857405.
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Background. Research remains inconclusive about the most effective frame for encouraging health preventative behaviors. Aims. To examine the impact of gain- and loss-framed health messages on nutrition and physical activity (PA) knowledge in fourth-grade youth participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP), a multicomponent nutrition program. Methods. Youth were recruited to participate in this 9-month quasi-experimental study and divided into 3 groups: (1) comparison (n = 50), (2) loss-framed (n = 76), and (3) gain-framed (n = 67). All youth participated in the SHCP, and the gain- and loss-framed groups also viewed weekly health messages. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and Bonferroni for multiple comparisons were used for analysis. Results. Youth who participated in the SHCP improved nutrition knowledge (+2.0 points; P < .01) and PA knowledge (+1.8 points; P < .01). Nutrition knowledge improved in the comparison group (+1.3 points; P = .04), loss-framed group (+1.9 points; P = .01), and gain-framed group (+2.6 points; P = .01). Improvements in PA knowledge were also demonstrated in the comparison group (+1.6 points; P < .01), the loss-framed group (+1.3 points; P < .01), and the gain-framed group (+2.5 points; P = .01). There were no significant differences between groups. Youth in the loss-framed group reported a decrease in self-efficacy (−1.2; P = .05), while this was not observed in the other groups. Discussion. The SHCP improves nutrition and PA knowledge, and the positive reinforcement further strengthens some of these improvements, while loss-framed messaging can contribute to undesirable outcomes. Conclusions. Incorporating positive reinforcement through gain-framed messages can be a relatively low-cost avenue for supporting beneficial outcomes.
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Akyigit, Abdulvahap, Erol Keleş, Yavuz Sultan Selim Yıldırım, Turgut Karlıdağ, Orkun Eroglu, İrfan Kaygusuz, Oner Sakallıoglu, and Sinasi Yalcın. "Comparison of Changes in Nasal Skin Sensation After Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty Procedures Using Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Testing." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41, no. 10 (March 19, 2021): NP1295—NP1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab139.
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Abstract Background Numbness of the nasal skin is one of the most common complications following rhinoplasty. Objectives The present study investigated postoperative changes in nasal skin sensation among primary and revision rhinoplasty patients and evaluated the recovery outcomes for both groups. Methods A prospective, randomized blinded study was undertaken involving 100 primary and 34 revision open rhinoplasty patients and 50 volunteers as control group. Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing was performed on 7 designated nasal points preoperatively and at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12, and the results were evaluated. Results Among the primary rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip and infratip over time was significant (P < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference for the other points. Among the revision rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip, infratip, and base of columella over time was significant (P < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference at the other points. In a comparison of the revision and primary rhinoplasty patients at all timepoints, a statistically significant reduction in sensation was noted on the application of pressure to all points in the revision patient group (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study found that the sense of touch on pressure returned to normal, aside from at the tip and infratip, by the end of month 12 in primary rhinoplasty patients. The revision rhinoplasty patients, in turn, were observed to have reduced sensation on pressure by the end of month 12, with the greatest reduction at the tip, infratip, and columellar base. Level of Evidence: 3
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Leschinger, T., M. Hackl, M. Lenz, V. Rausch, L. P. Müller, and K. Wegmann. "A prospective comparison of short-term results after arthroscopic and open elbow procedures in elbow stiffness." Obere Extremität 14, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11678-019-00544-1.
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Abstract Background Surgical treatment of the stiff elbow can be performed either arthroscopically or via an open approach. There is a paucity of direct prospective comparisons of the techniques in the literature. Objectives The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical short-term results of arthroscopic and open elbow arthrolysis in postoperative and posttraumatic stiff elbows. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 44 patients divided in two cohorts, one after arthroscopic arthrolysis (33 patients) and the other including patients after open arthrolysis (11 patients). Range of motion (ROM; extension/flexion), pain (numerical rating scale, NRS), as well as the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score were recorded preoperatively and examined in a standardized manner 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Results In both groups, preoperative elbow movement significantly improved in the follow-up. An increase from 103.3° (±23.4) to 123.5° (±12.5°; p = 0.001) was seen after 6 months for the arthroscopic group, whereas the mean ROM significantly increased from 64.5° (±31.1°) to 100.9° (±25.6°; p = 0.007) following open arthrolysis. In the arthroscopic group, the DASH score was measured at 37.3 points (±23.4 points) and improved to 16.1 points (±16.5 points) after 6 months, while in the open group it enhanced after 6 months (19.5 points [±17.5 points]) compared to its preoperative value by 38.2 points (±24.1 points). A consistent improvement was found for NRS, which decreased after surgery in both groups (arthroscopic group = −3.1 [±3.0]; open group = −2.0 [±2.9]). Complications did not occur in either group. When comparing delta values of the groups between the preoperative ROM, DASH score, and NRS, no significant differences were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions Good to excellent functional recovery was seen in both cohorts when evaluating for improvement in the DASH score, the gain in elbow motion, and the decrease in pain. No significant differences were found between the procedures regarding pre- and postoperative measurements. The arthroscopic approach has developed to become an effective alternative to treat posttraumatic elbow stiffness.
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Jaworski, Leszek, and Anna Swiatek. "Comparison of Coordinates of Polref - the First Order Polish National Network - Obtained from Campaigns in 1994/95 and 2008/2010." Artificial Satellites 47, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-012-0017-7.
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Comparison of Coordinates of Polref - the First Order Polish National Network - Obtained from Campaigns in 1994/95 and 2008/2010 The integration of ASG-EUPOS network with the national first order networks was prepared in two measurement campaigns carried out in 2008 and 2010/2011. The measurements included a total of 340 points of POLREF - the first order national GNSS network. That set of data gives the possibility for comparison of solutions prepared for comprehensive analysis of the points' position and coordinates changes in the long term. Because the results of POLREF were not published the paper includes a brief description of campaigns from 1994 and 1995 and prepared solutions as well as the results of coordinates comparison with campaigns 2008 and 2010/2011. For points of significant deviations in coordinates the analysis of causes was presented.
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Saoud, Kenan, Bassel Brad, and Muaaz Alkhouli. "Overall bone gaining after using calcium sulfate bone graft simultaneously to dental implantation." Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery 27, no. 3 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mbcb/2021011.
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Objectives: this study was carried out to evaluate the gaining occurring in the bone gaining after the simultaneous grafting with calcium sulfate around dental implants. Materials and methods: 24 implantation sites in the anterior area of the maxilla were included in this study. Dental implants were inserted, bone grafting was done simultaneously and post evaluation of the overall bone gaining 6 months after the grafting process (T2 time) was done to study the changes. Results: Paired Samples T-Test revealed a significant difference between the three time points (before the implantation, the day after it, six months later) (P-value = 0.000) at the confidence level of 95%. Furthermore, two-way comparisons between the three follow-ups was done to determine where the difference was. The test showed that there is a significant difference (P-value < 0.05) between all time points. by doing two-way comparisons between the three follow-ups, it was shown that the significant difference (P-value < 0.05) was in each comparison. Conclusion: We conclude within the limits of this study that an adequate amount of bone gain was found 6 months after the bone grafting process.
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Hislop, Jane F., Cathy Bulley, Tom H. Mercer, and John J. Reilly. "Comparison of Accelerometry Cut Points for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Preschool Children: A Validation Study." Pediatric Exercise Science 24, no. 4 (November 2012): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.4.563.
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This study compared accelerometry cut points for sedentary behavior, light and moderate to vigorous intensity activity (MVPA) against a criterion measure, the Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS), in preschool children. Actigraph accelerometry data were collected from 31 children (4.4 ± 0.8 yrs) during one hour of free-play. Video data were coded using the CARS. Cut points by Pate et al., van Cauwenberghe et al., Sirard et al. and Puyau et al. were applied to calculate time spent in sedentary, light and MVPA. Repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t tests tested differences between the cut points and the CARS. Bland and Altman plots tested agreement between the cut points and the CARS. No significant difference was found between the CARS and the Puyau et al. cut points for sedentary, light and MVPA or between the CARS and the Sirard et al. cut point for MVPA. The present study suggests that the Sirard et al. and Puyau et al. cut points provide accurate group-level estimates of MVPA in preschool children.
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Oats, Renee, Rudiger Escobar-Wolf, and Thomas Oommen. "Evaluation of Photogrammetry and Inclusion of Control Points: Significance for Infrastructure Monitoring." Data 4, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4010042.
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Structure from Motion (SfM)/Photogrammetry is a powerful mapping tool in extracting three-dimensional (3D) models from photographs. This method has been applied to a range of applications, including monitoring of infrastructure systems. This technique could potentially become a substitute, or at least a complement, for costlier approaches such as laser scanning for infrastructure monitoring. This study expands on previous investigations, which utilize photogrammetry point cloud data to measure failure mode behavior of a retaining wall model, emphasizing further robust spatial testing. In this study, a comparison of two commonly used photogrammetry software packages was implemented to assess the computing performance of the method and the significance of control points in this approach. The impact of control point selection, as part of the photogrammetric modeling processes, was also evaluated. Comparisons between the two software tools reveal similar performances in capturing quantitative changes of a retaining wall structure. Results also demonstrate that increasing the number of control points above a certain number does not, necessarily, increase 3D modeling accuracies, but, in some cases, their spatial distribution can be more critical. Furthermore, errors in model reproducibility, when compared with total station measurements, were found to be spatially correlated with the arrangement of control points.
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An, Daniel, Krzysztof A. Meissner, Paweł Nurowski, and Roger Penrose. "Apparent evidence for Hawking points in the CMB Sky★." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 495, no. 3 (January 2020): 3403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1343.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents strong observational evidence of numerous previously unobserved anomalous circular spots, of significantly raised temperature, in the cosmic microwave background sky. The spots have angular radii between 0.03 and 0.04 rad (i.e. angular diameters between about 3° and 4°). There is a clear cut-off at that size, indicating that each anomalous spot would have originated from a highly energetic point-like source, located at the end of inflation – or else point-like at the conformally expanded Big Bang, if it is considered that there was no inflationary phase. The significant presence of these anomalous spots, was initially noticed in the Planck 70 GHz satellite data by comparison with 1000 standard simulations, and then confirmed by extending the comparison to 10 000 simulations. Such anomalous points were then found at precisely the same locations in the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) data, their significance was confirmed by comparison with 1000 WMAP simulations. Planck and WMAP have very different noise properties and it seems exceedingly unlikely that the observed presence of anomalous points in the same directions on both maps may come entirely from the noise. Subsequently, further confirmation was found in the Planck data by comparison with 1000 FFP8.1 MC simulations (with l ≤ 1500). The existence of such anomalous regions, resulting from point-like sources at the conformally stretched-out big bang, is a predicted consequence of conformal cyclic cosmology, these sources being the Hawking points of the theory, resulting from the Hawking radiation from supermassive black holes in a cosmic aeon prior to our own.
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Rades, Dirk, Heinke Hansen, Stefan Janssen, and Steven Schild. "Comparison of Diagnosis-Specific Survival Scores for Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer Irradiated for Brain Metastases." Cancers 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11020233.
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Diagnosis-specific survival scores including a new score developed in 157 patients with brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) receiving whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) with 30 Gy in 10 fractions (WBRT-30-SCLC) were compared. Three prognostic groups were designed based on the 6-month survival probabilities of significant or almost significant factors, (age, performance score, number of brain metastases, extra-cerebral metastasis). Six-month survival rates were 6% (6–11 points), 44% (12–14 points) and 86% (16–19 points). The WBRT-30-SCLC was compared to three disease-specific scores for brain metastasis from SCLC, the original and updated diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment DS-GPA classifications and the Rades-SCLC. Positive predictive values (PPVs) used to correctly predict death ≤6 months were 94% (WBRT-30-SCLC), 88% (original DS-GPA), 88% (updated DS-GPA) and 100% (Rades-SCLC). PPVs to predict survival ≥6 months were 86%, 75%, 76% and 100%. For WBRT-30-SCLC and Rades-SCLC, differences between poor and intermediate prognoses groups and between intermediate and favorable prognoses groups were significant. For both DS-GPA classifications, only the difference between poor and intermediate prognoses groups was significant. Of these disease-specific tools, Rades-SCLC appeared to be the most accurate in identifying patients dying ≤6 months and patients surviving ≥6 months after irradiation, followed by the new WBRT-30-SCLC and the DS-GPA classifications.
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Taechaarpornkul, Wirat, Daranee Suvapan, Chaniya Theppanom, Chantima Chanthipwaree, and Aroon Chirawatkul. "Comparison of the Effectiveness of Six and Two Acupuncture Point Regimens in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomised Trial." Acupuncture in Medicine 27, no. 1 (March 2009): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.2008.000067.
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Background Although substantial data have supported the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating knee osteoarthritis (OA), the number of points used has varied. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of six and two acupuncture points in the treatment of knee OA. Methods A randomised trial of knee OA patients was conducted. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 35. The “six point group” received treatment at six acupuncture points, ST35, EX-LE4 ( Neixiyan), ST36, SP9, SP10 and ST34, while the “two point group” received treatment at just the first pair of points, ST35 and EX-LE4. Both groups received twice weekly electroacupuncture on 10 occasions. Electrical stimulation was carried out at low-frequency of 3 Hz to all points, with the intensity as high as tolerable. Both groups were allowed to take a 200 mg celecoxib capsule per day for intolerable pain. Patients were assessed at baseline, week 5, week 9 and week 13, using a Thai language version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Global assessment of change after 10 treatments was also recorded. Results Acupuncture at both six and two acupuncture points was associated with significant improvement. Mean total WOMAC score at weeks 5 and 13 of patients in both groups showed no significant difference statistically (p = 0.75 and p = 0.51). Moreover, the number of celecoxib capsules taken, global assessment of global change and body weight change of both groups also showed no statistical difference. Conclusion This evidence suggests that electroacupuncture to two local points may be sufficient to treat knee OA, but in view of some limitations to this study further research is necessary before this can be stated conclusively.
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Brown, Eric C., Pablo Montero-Zamora, Francisco Cardozo-Macías, María Fernanda Reyes-Rodríguez, John S. Briney, Juliana Mejía-Trujillo, and Augusto Pérez-Gómez. "A Comparison of Cut Points for Measuring Risk Factors for Adolescent Substance Use and Antisocial Behaviors in the U.S. and Colombia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020470.
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As the identification and targeting of salient risk factors for adolescent substance use become more widely used globally, an essential question arises as to whether U.S.-based cut points in the distributions of these risk factors that identify “high” risk can be used validly in other countries as well. This study examined proportions of youth at “high” risk using different empirically derived cut points in the distributions of 18 measured risk factors. Data were obtained from large-scale samples of adolescents in Colombia and the United States. Results indicated that significant (p < 0.05) differences in the proportions of “high” risk youth were found in 38.9% of risk factors for 6th graders, 61.1% for 8th graders, and 66.6% for 10th graders. Colombian-based cut points for determining the proportion of Colombian youth at “high” risk were preferable to U.S.-based cut points in almost all comparisons that exhibited a significant difference. Our findings suggest that observed differences were related to the type of risk factor (e.g., drug specific vs. non-drug specific). Findings from this study demonstrate the need for collecting large-scale national data on risk factors for adolescent substance use and developing country-specific cut points based on the distributions of these measures to avoid misidentification of youth at “high” risk.
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Brown, Eric C., Pablo Montero-Zamora, Francisco Cardozo-Macías, María Fernanda Reyes-Rodríguez, John S. Briney, Juliana Mejía-Trujillo, and Augusto Pérez-Gómez. "A Comparison of Cut Points for Measuring Risk Factors for Adolescent Substance Use and Antisocial Behaviors in the U.S. and Colombia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020470.
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As the identification and targeting of salient risk factors for adolescent substance use become more widely used globally, an essential question arises as to whether U.S.-based cut points in the distributions of these risk factors that identify “high” risk can be used validly in other countries as well. This study examined proportions of youth at “high” risk using different empirically derived cut points in the distributions of 18 measured risk factors. Data were obtained from large-scale samples of adolescents in Colombia and the United States. Results indicated that significant (p < 0.05) differences in the proportions of “high” risk youth were found in 38.9% of risk factors for 6th graders, 61.1% for 8th graders, and 66.6% for 10th graders. Colombian-based cut points for determining the proportion of Colombian youth at “high” risk were preferable to U.S.-based cut points in almost all comparisons that exhibited a significant difference. Our findings suggest that observed differences were related to the type of risk factor (e.g., drug specific vs. non-drug specific). Findings from this study demonstrate the need for collecting large-scale national data on risk factors for adolescent substance use and developing country-specific cut points based on the distributions of these measures to avoid misidentification of youth at “high” risk.
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Ranganathan, Suganthi, and Chaitra Koppal Renukanath. "Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Techniques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points." International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 7, no. 3 (2017): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1185.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to compare the various cold sterilization techniques for sterilizing dental burs and diamond points by assessing the microbial growth in culture media on them before and after sterilization. Materials and methods The following four disinfectants were used: 2% glutaraldehyde, 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and 70% ethanol. There were two main groups taken as group I-carbide burs and group II-diamond burs. A total of 48 samples were collected, 12 samples per disinfectant. Each sample has two burs collected from same patient. One acts as control group which means only microbial count was deter- mined without disinfection. The other one would be determined as microbial count before and after disinfection. The microbial assessment was done using brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and counted by plating in chocolate blood agar and MacConkey agar. Results The obtained results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post hoc test. The results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and surgical spirit, sodium hypochlo- rite and hydrogen peroxide. There was no statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde are most effective than hydro- gen peroxide, and surgical spirit is the least effective disinfectant. However, there was clinical significance in level of disinfection of all four disinfectants. How to cite this article Ranganathan S, Manvi S, Gopalakrishna S, Renukanath CK. Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Tech- niques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):97-102.
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Park, So Yeon, and Hyeon Ok Ju. "The Effect of Pediatric Inpatient Fall Prevention Education on Caregivers' Fall-related Knowledge and Preventive Behaviors." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 23, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2017.23.4.398.
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Purpose: This study aims to identify the effect of pediatric fall prevention education with leaflets and picture books on the fall-related knowledge and preventive behaviors in caregivers of inpatient children. Methods: This study is a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. It divided 62 caregivers of inpatient children aged 5 and under into an experimental group and a control group in P general hospital located in B City. Results: Fall related knowledge score in the experimental group was increased by 2 points after the intervention and the score in the comparison group was increased by 0.1 points. The difference after the intervention in fall related knowledge scores between the two groups was statistically significant (t=7.67, p<.001). The fall related prevention behavior score of the experimental group increased by 9.3 points after the intervention, and the score of the comparison group increased by 2.5 points. The difference in the scores of fall related prevention behaviors between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.71, p<.001). Conclusion: Pediatric inpatient fall prevention education using leaflets and picture books can improve caregivers' fall-related knowledge and preventive behaviors. In turn, this can reduce children's falls in pediatric wards in general hospitals.
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Abubakr, Mohammed, and Tugberk Kaya. "A Comparison of E-Government Systems Between Developed and Developing Countries." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2021010101.
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The term e-government provides information and conveys governmental services for employees, citizens, and businesses. The aim of this study is to determine and explain the most significant factors that have been utilized to overcome the difficulties in infrastructure, cultural, political, technical, and social aspects of e-government. The researcher tried to explain and compare two different e-government systems from developing countries (Iraq) and developed countries (Finland) and specified several points between these two countries that could help developing countries to develop good e-government. The reason to choose these two countries is that there is a gap in the e-government system between developing and developed countries which is helpful to specify weak points of the e-government system in Iraq and to get benefit from Finland's experience in this sphere. Then, the researcher highlights the good factors from developed countries that are applicable in developing counties that help to suggest a list of suggestions for developing the e-government system in Iraq.
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Creutzfeldt, Naomi, Agnieszka Kubal, and Fernanda Pirie. "Introduction: exploring the comparative in socio-legal studies." International Journal of Law in Context 12, no. 4 (November 9, 2016): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552316000173.
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AbstractAmong the diverse approaches to comparison in socio-legal studies, those that employ qualitative research, richness of detail and attention to context are the focus of this special issue. The Introduction draws on comparative law and social science literature to argue that comparison amongst studies of laws in contexts can follow different trajectories: the comparison may start from an assumption of similarity – in form, purposes or context – in order to identify significant differences; or it may identify significant similarity across social and cultural divides. What unites many of the projects of comparison undertaken by qualitative empirical researchers is that the points of relevant comparison are identified within the complexity of the empirical studies at hand; and they are allowed to emerge, or change, as the researcher comes to understand the facts and issues more deeply.
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Klisarovska, Violeta, Snezhana Smichkoska, Petar Chakalaroski, Valentina Krstevska, Nadica Dimitrovska, Zoran Stefanovski, and Emilija Lazarova. "Dosimetric comparison of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional intracavitary brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 3-4 (2018): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170301160k.
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Introduction/Objective. The aim of this study was to dosimetric comparison of two-dimensional (2D) with three-dimensional (3D) planning for high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in locally advanced cervical cancer by dose evaluation in given International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) reference points, as well as in target volume and organs at risk (OAR). Methods. 66 sessions of HDR-BT were performed in 22 patients, with 3D planning, but also virtual 2D plan for dosimetric comparison was made. 2D planning was performed on radiography obtained by C-arm in ICRU points, while 3D planning in volumes delineated on computer tomography. Results. The comparative analysis has indicated a significant mean dose difference of point ?A? left (p=0.00014) and right (p=0.003), through higher doses in 2D and lower doses in 3D reconstructed points "A". According to the dose volume histograms 56.88% and 61.41% mean target volume received 100% and 90% of prescribed dose, respectively. 2D bladder analysis showed a mean dose of 3.487 Gy in ICRU point, while in 3D analysis a maximum mean dose of 8.804 Gy and mean dose of 4.716 Gy in 2ccm volume. 2D analysis showed rectal mean dose of 2.892 Gy in ICRU points, while 3D analysis maximum mean dose of 6.411 Gy and 3.947 Gy mean dose in 2ccm volume. Conclusion. 2D planning showed unreal higher doses in the ICRU points for the target and lower doses for the OAR.
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Ellzey, John, and Frances A. Karnes. "Comparison of Scores on the WISC-R and the Stanford-Binet, Fourth Edition, for Rural Gifted Students." Rural Special Education Quarterly 12, no. 2 (June 1993): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687059301200203.
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The WISC-R and Stanford-Binet, Fourth Edition scores of 40 gifted students were compared. The results indicate that the mean WISC-R Full Scale IQ was 13.52 points higher than the mean SB:FE composite score. The T-test between the two scores was significant at the .001 level. Eleven of the fifteen possible correlations were significant, with two at the .001 level, three at the .01 level, and six at the .05 level.
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Misir, Andreja, Ines Banjari, and Igor Loncar. "Comparison of diet in women of reproductive age with and without diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: Pilot study." Medical review 69, no. 9-10 (2016): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1610274m.
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Introduction. This study was aimed at comparing diets, dietary patterns and lifestyle habits of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls in Croatia. Material and Methods. In this pilot, matched pair study, the participants were women of reproductive age: 12 with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and 16 healthy (between the ages of 18 and 41 years). The following data sets were collected and analysed: nutrient intake, dietary habits and physical activity, polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms, anthropometry and biochemical records. Results. The analyses of dietary habits showed a significantly (p=0.030) higher score for the controls (92.4?8.7 points) compared to the women with polycystic ovary syndrome (83.3?12.2 points). There was a significant correlation between the age and intake of total carbohydrates, and intake of plant protein in the women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A significant correlation was found between the age and total fats intake, as well as intake of different types of fats, and energy intake in the controls. The free time activity index showed a significant difference (t-test: p=0.043, ANOVA: p=0.004) in favour of the control group of women who were more active. Conclusions. This study has shown that Croatian women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to the controls have significantly poorer dietary habits characterised by high Glycaemic Index diets, they are less physically active during free time, and have positive significant correlation between the age and carbohydrate intake whereas the controls have positive significant correlation between the age and fat intake.
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Aggarwal, Saurabh, Michael Serbin, and Chuck Yonan. "Indirect treatment comparison of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine efficacy and safety in tardive dyskinesia." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 8, no. 13 (October 2019): 1077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0059.
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Aim: Utilize the Bucher indirect treatment comparison (ITC) method to compare valbenazine and deutetrabenazine efficacy using clinical trial data. Methods: Outcomes included mean change from baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) total score, AIMS response (≥50% improvement), clinical global impression of change response (score ≤2) and safety outcomes. Data were pooled by trial and dose; outcomes were analyzed at multiple time points. Results: ITC of AIMS score improvement significantly favored valbenazine 80 mg/day at 6 weeks versus deutetrabenazine 36 mg/day at 8 weeks, while valbenazine 40 mg/day was statistically similar to all doses of deutetrabenazine at all time points. No significant differences between drugs were found in AIMS and clinical global impression of change responses and safety outcomes. Conclusion: In this ITC of pooled trial data, valbenazine was generally favorable over deutetrabenazine, although dose titration and equivalency should be considered when interpreting results.
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Pereira, Lílian Varanda, Gilberto de Araújo Pereira, Louise Amália de Moura, and Rayanne Rodrigues Fernandes. "Pain intensity among institutionalized elderly: a comparison between numerical scales and verbal descriptors." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, no. 5 (October 2015): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000500014.
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AbstractOBJECTIVECorrelating two unidimensional scales for measurement of self-reported pain intensity for elderly and identifying a preference for one of the scales.METHODA study conducted with 101 elderly people living in Nursing Home who reported any pain and reached ( 13 the scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination. A Numeric Rating Scale - (NRS) of 11 points and a Verbal Descriptor Scale (VDS) of five points were compared in three evaluations: overall, at rest and during movement.RESULTSWomen were more representative (61.4%) and the average age was 77.0±9.1 years. NRS was completed by 94.8% of the elderly while VDS by 100%. The association between the mean scores of NRS with the categories of VDS was significant, indicating convergent validity and a similar metric between the scales.CONCLUSIONPain measurements among institutionalized elderly can be made by NRS and VDS; however, the preferred scale for the elderly was the VDS, regardless of gender.
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Fuller, Jennifer, Patricia Levesque, Robin Lindsay, and Natalie Justicz. "Comparison of NOSE Scores Following Functional Septorhinoplasty Using Autologous versus Cadaveric Rib." Facial Plastic Surgery 35, no. 01 (January 29, 2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677718.
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AbstractIn functional septorhinoplasty (FSRP), alternative grafting material is used if septal cartilage is insufficient for reconstructive needs. Autologous costal cartilage (ACC) and irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) are compared via the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale. One-hundred forty-one patients who underwent FSRP with ACC or IHCC between January 2013 and March 2018 were administered the NOSE scale pre- and postoperatively at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in mean NOSE scores between the ACC and IHCC cohorts at the preoperative visit (68.5 [standard deviation, SD 24.1] and 71.7 [20.1], respectively; p < 0.6) or first postoperative visit (30.4 [26.6] and 33.9 [30.4], respectively; p < 0.6) or subsequent visits. NOSE scores demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant improvement at all follow-up time points for both the ACC and IHCC groups. Patients who underwent grafting with IHCC were significantly older than those with ACC; average age of 55.6 [SD: 17.3] versus 40.1 [SD:12.1]; (p < 0.001). Two IHCC (0.05%) patients had postoperative infections; both resolved with antibiotics, but one required revision surgery. Both ACC and IHCC provide reliable grafting material when septal cartilage is insufficient. In FSRP for nasal airway obstruction, ACC and IHCC both provide a clinically and statistically significant reduction in NOSE scores postoperatively that remain stable between follow-up time points. The authors find no difference in NOSE scores between the ACC and IHCC groups; however, IHCC did have a higher rate of postoperative infection. Both materials should be discussed with patients and are an important part of the informed consent process.
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Markbreiter, Lance A., and Francesca M. Thompson. "Proximal Metatarsal Osteotomy in Hallux Valgus Correction: A Comparison of Crescentic and Chevron Procedures." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 2 (February 1997): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800205.
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We retrospectively evaluated the results of 50 hallux valgus reconstructions in 36 patients for moderate to severe deformities, performed by the senior author (F. M. T.). All feet were treated at the metatarsophalangeal joint with a distal soft tissue realignment. The first 25 feet were corrected proximally with a crescentic osteotomy fixed with an AO screw; these cases had an average follow-up of more than 5 years (range, 40–141 months). The second 25 feet underwent a basal osteotomy with a proximally directed chevron osteotomy; these cases had an average follow-up of 21.4 months (range, 12–33 months). The average hallux valgus correction in the crescentic osteotomy group went from 37.6° to 11.4°, and in the chevron osteotomy group, the hallux valgus angle was reduced from 31.3° to 11.6°. The intermetatarsal angle in the crescentic group was corrected from 16.2° to 6°, and in the chevron group the intermetatarsal angle was reduced from 15.1° to 5.4°. The fibular sesamoid subluxation was reduced from 92% to 24% in the crescentic group and from 88% to 18% in the chevron group. All patients were assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale, in which 100 points are used to compare pre- and postoperative pain, function and range of motion, shoewear comfort and activity levels, and alignment. In the crescentic group, the score improved from 46.8 points to 93.1 points; in the chevron group, the score changed from 53.4 points to 92.7 points. In all parameters studied, there were no statistically significant differences using the Student's t-test. We conclude that the two operative techniques offer equivalent results, which are excellent and predictable. The proximal chevron osteotomy is technically easier, eliminates the proximal dorsal scar, and does not require postoperative metal removal.
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Rauser, P., P. Janalik, M. Markova, and T. Fichtel. "Early analgesia after periodontal treatment in dogs: a comparison of three analgesic protocols." Veterinární Medicína 58, No. 6 (July 8, 2013): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6867-vetmed.
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The analgesic effects of carprofen, morphine and bupivacaine on early oral pain after periodontal treatment in dogs have been poorly investigated. Forty-five client-owned dogs (8.5 ± 6.4 kg and 7.8 ± 3.2 years) scheduled for periodontal treatment were allocated to carprofen, morphine and bupivacaine groups (n = 15 each). The study was designed as a prospective, randomised, double “blinded” clinical study. Carprofen (CAR, 4 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or morphine (MOR, 0.3 mg/kg, intramuscularly) was given thirty minutes before the dogs were placed under anesthesia. Bilateral maxillary and mandibular nerve blocks were performed with bupivacaine (BUP, 1 mg/kg), after the induction of anesthesia. Dogs were anaesthetised with medetomidine-propofol-isoflurane and reversal was carried out using atipamezole. Periodontal painful sub-gingival scaling was performed in all dogs. Periodontal treatment lasted for up to one hour. A modified University of Melbourne Pain Score (UMPS, 0–28 points), Visual Analog pain Scale (VAS, 0–100 mm), plasma glucose (Glu) and serum cortisol (Cor) levels were assessed before administration of analgesics (MOR-0, CAR-0, BUP-0) and two hours thereafter, that is thirty minutes after atipamezole administration (MOR-2, CAR-2, BUP-2). Analgesia rescue with tramadol (2 mg/kg intramuscularly) was provided for animals with modified UMPS over 14 or VAS over 50 points. Differences in Glu and Cor values were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, in UMPS and VAS over time for each group with the Friedman test and pre- and postoperatively using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Analgesia rescue was provided to one patient of the CAR group and one patient of the MOR group. No differences in UMPS values between groups were detected. A significant increase in VAS values after treatment was detected in all groups. Plasma glucose levels significantly increased in MOR-2 compared to MOR-0 and CAR-2. Serum cortisol levels significantly increased in MOR-2 compared to MOR-0, CAR-2 and BUP-2. The results of this study indicate that bupivacaine nerve blocks could be superior to carprofen, which in turn could be superior to morphine, for early analgesia (up to two hours) following sub-gingival scaling for periodontal treatment in dogs.
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Mastrolonardo, Eric, Jemianne Bautista Jia, Bryce Eng, Jennifer Sakioka, Cuong Lam, and Dennis Der. "Comparison of percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." American Journal of Interventional Radiology 4 (November 9, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ajir_13_2020.
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Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) following percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material and Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study. Patients who underwent PEI or RFA between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2009, for HCC were included in this study. Patient data were collected from the time of their procedure to October 31, 2017. One hundred and twenty-five patients received RFA or PEI during the study period. Twenty-one patients were excluded from the study because they received RFA or PEI for non-HCC cancers, leaving 47 patients in the PEI group and 57 patients in the RFA group. Primary endpoints were OS and DFS following PEI or RFA. Secondary endpoints included rates of secondary intervention and liver transplant. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS Enterprise Guide 7.13 (Cary, NC). Results: One-hundred and four patients are included in this study: 47 in the PEI group and 57 in the RFA group. At 9-year follow-up, the OS rates were not statistically significant between the RFA and PEI groups, 23.9% and 22.8%, respectively (P = 0.25). However, at earlier time points, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with higher rates of OS in the RFA group (Wilcoxon, P = 0.04). Patients in the RFA group had OS rates of 56.1%, 43.9%, and 35.1% at 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively, compared to the PEI rates of 36.4%, 27.3%, and 25.1% at those same time points (P = 0.0035). The RFA group had 29% decreased risk of death at 5 years compared to PEI based on the Cox proportional hazards model. The DFS was not significantly different between the two groups at all-time points (P = 0.96). The PEI group showed DFS rates of 32.4% at 3 years and 29.5% at 5, 7, and 9 years. The RFA group demonstrated DFS rates of 32.2% at 3 years, 26.3% at 5 years, 23.4% at 7 years, and 19.5% at 9 years. Conclusion: RFA and PEI have comparable 9-year OS and DFS in patients with HCC. However, at earlier time points, RFA has superior OS.
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Adry, Rodrigo Antonio Rocha da Cruz, Catarina Cöuras Lins, Ramon de Almeida Kruschewsky, and Bernardo Galvão Castro Filho. "Comparison between the spastic paraplegia rating scale, Kurtzke scale, and Osame scale in the tropical spastic paraparesis/myelopathy associated with HTLV." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 45, no. 3 (June 2012): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822012000300006.
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INTRODUCTION:The objective of this study was to compare Osame's scale of motor incapacity and the expanded scale of the state of incapacity of Kurtzke with the spastic paraplegia rating scale for the clinical evaluation of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). METHODS: Patients with the diagnosis of infection by HTLV-I/HTLV-II and with the clinical suspicion of HAM/TSP were included in the study. RESULTS: There were 45 patients who were evaluated. When analyzing the results of the scales, the researchers found the following averages of 21.08 points for the spastic paraplegia rating scale, 4.35 points for Osame's scale, and 4.77 points for Kurtzke's scale. The relation between the scale of paraplegia with Osame's was very significant with p < 0.0001, and regarding Kurtzke's scale, there was a similar result of p < 0.0001. When comparing Osame's, Kurtze's, and the spastic paraplegia rating scale with the time of disease, the researchers found a significant result of p = 0.0004 for the scale of spastic paraplegia, p = 0.0018 for Osame's scale, and p < 0.0001 for Kurtzke's scale. CONCLUSION: The spastic paraplegia rating scale has a good relation with Osame's and Kurtzke's scales showing a p index that is very significant that indicates that, although the scale was not initially made to be applied to patients with HAM/TSP because of the infection by HLTV, it showed to be as efficient as Osame's and Kurtzke's scales in evaluating the patients' neurological conditions.
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Fekriershad, Shervan, and Farshad Tajeripour. "Color texture classification based on proposed impulse-noise resistant color local binary patterns and significant points selection algorithm." Sensor Review 37, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2016-0120.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a color-texture classification approach which uses color sensor information and texture features jointly. High accuracy, low noise sensitivity and low computational complexity are specified aims for this proposed approach. Design/methodology/approach One of the efficient texture analysis operations is local binary patterns (LBP). The proposed approach includes two steps. First, a noise resistant version of color LBP is proposed to decrease its sensitivity to noise. This step is evaluated based on combination of color sensor information using AND operation. In a second step, a significant points selection algorithm is proposed to select significant LBPs. This phase decreases final computational complexity along with increasing accuracy rate. Findings The proposed approach is evaluated using Vistex, Outex and KTH-TIPS-2a data sets. This approach has been compared with some state-of-the-art methods. It is experimentally demonstrated that the proposed approach achieves the highest accuracy. In two other experiments, results show low noise sensitivity and low computational complexity of the proposed approach in comparison with previous versions of LBP. Rotation invariant, multi-resolution and general usability are other advantages of our proposed approach. Originality/value In the present paper, a new version of LBP is proposed originally, which is called hybrid color local binary patterns (HCLBP). HCLBP can be used in many image processing applications to extract color/texture features jointly. Also, a significant point selection algorithm is proposed for the first time to select key points of images.
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Kosmadakis, George, Marie Martinez, Sandrine Andre, and Enrique Da Costa Correia. "A Retrospective Comparison of Patient and Pressure Injury Data at Two Time Points in a Regional Hospital in France." Wound Management & Prevention 67, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wmp.2021.7.3138.
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BACKGROUND: Pressure injuries (PIs) are a significant problem for health care institutions. PURPOSE: A retrospective study of patient data was conducted at a semi-urban state hospital in France, aiming to evaluate the rate of PIs and variables that may influence PI prevalence and care at 2 different time points. METHODS: Patient demographic, clinical, PI and PI prevention, and care variables were retrieved from the charts of all patients on all wards (except pediatrics and obstetrics) on October 20, 2009, and on October 24, 2013—4 years apart. Qualitative data were compared between the 2 dates using a t-test for independent variables. The remaining variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-square method. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in PI rates (19% for 2009 and 16% for 2013) or the timing of their occurrence (51% occurred following admission in 2009, and 58.3% occurred after admission in 2013). Significant differences were found with regard to patient age (average, 73.97 and 76.22 years old in 2009 and 2013, respectively; P = .014) and rates of serious injuries (27% and 43% were stages 3 and 4 in 2009 and 2013, respectively; P = .010). Compared with 2009, in 2013, significantly more patients were placed on a specialty mattress and provided nutritional supplements and fewer were provided percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or nasogastric tubes. CONCLUSION: The rate of PIs was not different between these 2 time points despite improvements in the use of preventive and therapeutic measures, perhaps due to the increased age and frailty of the patient population in 2013 compared with 2009. Additional prospective research across multiple health care entities is warranted.
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Hasanpour, E., M. Saadatseresht, and E. G. Parmehr. "COMPARISON OF POINT AND SEGMENT BASED POINT CLOUD CLASSIFICATION METHOD IN URBAN SCENES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W18 (October 18, 2019): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w18-461-2019.
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Abstract. Point cloud classification is an essential requirement for effectively utilizing point cloud data acquired by different kind of sources such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Aerial LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), and Photogrammetry. Classification of point cloud is a process that points are separated into different point groups that each group has similar features. Point cloud classification can be done in three levels (point-based, segment-based, and object-based) and the choice of different level has significant impact on classification result. In this research, random forest classification method is utilized in which the point-wise and segment-wise spectral and geometric features are selected as the input of the classification. In our experiments, the results of point- and segment-based classification were compared. In addition, point-wise classification result for two different features (geometric with/without spectral features) has been compared and the results are presented. The experiments illustrated that segment based classification with both color and geometric features has the best overall accuracy of 83% especially near the object boundaries.
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Lemay, Jean-Francois, Tasmia Hai, Hanna Kubas, and Frank MacMaster. "EVALUATION OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING AND BEHAVIOUR IN YOUNG ADOLESCENTS WITH ADHD: A FOLLOW-UP STUDY." Paediatrics & Child Health 23, suppl_1 (May 18, 2018): e34-e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxy054.088.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Executive functioning (EF) impairment is frequent in the ADHD population. Psychostimulant medications (e.g. Methylphenidate [MPH]) are considered effective in reducing EF symptomatology. Limited studies have investigated the long-term effects of MPH on EF in young adolescents with ADHD (A-ADHD). OBJECTIVES To evaluate EF and behaviour challenges across three time points in A-ADHD who were involved in a MPH treatment trial. EF and behavioural functioning were evaluated using two separate parent questionnaires. DESIGN/METHODS A total of 21 A-ADHD (males=62%; n=13), ages 9–14 (M=12.33 years, SD=1.55 years) were evaluated at three separate time points: 1) Baseline (BL: no medication); 2) Best Dose (BD: following a 4-week trial of MPH treatment); and 3) long term Follow-Up (FU: defined as up to 2 years following best dose). Parents completed two behaviour rating scales: Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) and Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-2). Repeated measures analyses of variance (RmANOVA) were conducted measuring changes in EF and behavioural challenges over the three time points (BL, BD, and FU). RESULTS Significant differences were obtained in EF ratings over time on the BRIEF Behavioural Regulation Index (BRIEF-BRI; F (2,36) = 20.71, p < 0.001) and Metacognition Index (BRIEF-MI; F (2,36) = 26.83, p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison indicated a) significant decrease in symptom ratings for both indexes between time points BL and BD, and b) significant increase in symptom ratings for indexes between time points BD and FU. Similarly, behavioural ratings obtained on all BASC-2 indexes (Externalizing Problems, Internalizing Problems, Behavioral Symptoms, and Adaptive Skills) revealed a significant effect of time (F (2,36) range = 4.55 to 26.28, p range = <.001 to <.05). Pairwise comparison indicated a) significant decrease in symptom ratings across all BASC-2 indexes between BL and BD, and b) increase in symptom ratings across all BASC-2 indexes between BD and FU time points. Therefore, parent ratings indicated clinically significant difficulties with EF and behaviour during BL and FU and average EF and behaviour scores during BD. CONCLUSION During follow-up, parents of A-ADHD continue to report challenges in EF and in all aspects of behaviours and adaptive skills. Although parents reported positive changes during the MPH trial (BD), these behavioural improvements were not seen at follow-up. The combined use of screening tools for EF (BRIEF) and behaviour (BASC-2) might be of interest to paediatricians when monitoring medication responses in young adolescents with ADHD.
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Zhang, Lianjun, Huiquan Bi, Jeffrey H. Gove, and Linda S. Heath. "A comparison of alternative methods for estimating the self-thinning boundary line." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-070.
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The fundamental validity of the self-thinning "law" has been debated over the last three decades. A long-standing concern centers on how to objectively select data points for fitting the self-thinning line and the most appropriate regression method for estimating the two coefficients. Using data from an even-aged Pinus strobus L. stand as an example, we show that quantile regression (QR), deterministic frontier function (DFF), and stochastic frontier function (SFF) methods have the potential to produce an upper limiting boundary line above all plots for the maximum sizedensity relationship, without subjectively selecting a subset of data points based on predefined criteria. On the other hand, ordinary least squares (OLS), corrected ordinary least squares (COLS), and reduced major axis (RMA) methods are sensitive to the data selected for model fitting and may produce self-thinning lines with inappropriate slopes. However, statistical inference is very difficult with the DFF and QR methods. Although SFF produces a self-thinning line lower than the upper limiting boundary line because of the nature of the method, it can easily produce the statistics for inference on the model coefficients, given that there are no significant departures from underlying distributional assumptions.
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Bosso, John A., Adam Sieg, and Patrick D. Mauldin. "Comparison of Hospitalwide and Custom Antibiograms for Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Hospital Pharmacy 48, no. 4 (April 2013): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj4804-295.
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Background Hospital antibiograms, which are commonly used to determine empiric antibiotic therapy and as a tool in stewardship in a given institution, are open to bias when combining susceptibility results from various sources, hospital locations, and patient groups. Methods We assessed such differences, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a test case, with susceptibility data from 2008 through 2010 in our institution. Each year's data were analyzed separately. A variety of specific or subcategorical antibiograms were compared with each other as well as with versions including all tested isolates and those with results from inpatients and outpatients only. Statistical significance was determined at the .01 level using either chi-square or Fisher exact test, and clinical significance was defined as ≥10 percentage points. Results A variety of clinically significant differences were found that illustrated important differences within the intensive care unit environment and based on population, specifically adult versus pediatric. Concordance between statistically significant and clinically significant differences was poor. Conclusion These results corroborate and extend previous similar observations and point to the potential importance of subanalyses in preparing the annual hospital antibiogram.
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Durá, Juan V., Juan M. Belda, Rakel Poveda, Álvaro Page, José Laparra, José Das, Jaime Prat, and Ana C. García. "Comparison of Functional Regression and Nonfunctional Regression Approaches to the Study of the Walking Velocity Effect in Force Platform Measures." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 2 (May 2010): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.2.234.
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The effect of walking velocity on force platform measures is examined by means of functional regression and nonfunctional regression analyses. The two techniques are compared using a data set of ground reaction forces. Functional data analysis avoids the need to identify significant points, and provides more information along the waveform.
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Kyosaka, Yuka, Tsuneto Owatari, Masanao Inokoshi, Kazumasa Kubota, Minoru Inoue, and Shunsuke Minakuchi. "Cardiovascular Comparison of 2 Types of Local Anesthesia With Vasoconstrictor in Older Adults: A Crossover Study." Anesthesia Progress 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/anpr-66-02-04.
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We assessed the effect of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline (L + AD) and 3% prilocaine with 0.03 IU/mL felypressin (P + FP) on blood pressure and heart rate in older adults with systemic diseases undergoing dental extraction. This double-blind, randomized crossover study included 22 elderly participants, aged over 65 years. The participants were administered L + AD for one dental extraction and P + FP for the other. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded immediately, 5, and 10 minutes after local anesthetic administration and the data were analyzed. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the P + FP group increased at all measurement points (p < .001). In the L + AD group, the diastolic blood pressure decreased at 5 and 10 minutes after local anesthetic administration (p < .05), whereas the heart rate increased at all measured time points (p < .001). There were statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure at 5 and 10 minutes after local anesthetic administration and in diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at all time points between the 2 groups. In older adults, P + FP administration increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. L + AD administration increased the heart rate and decreased the diastolic blood pressure.
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Bouoiyour, Jamal, and Amal Miftah. "The impact of migrant workers' remittances on the living standards of families in Morocco: A propensity score matching approach." Migration Letters 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i1.253.
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This article attempts to assess empirically the impact of remittances on household expenditure and relative poverty in Morocco. We apply propensity score matching methods to the 2006/2007 Moroccan Living Standards Measurement Survey. We find that migrants’ remittances can improve living standards among Moroccan households and affect negatively the incidence of poverty. The results show a statistically significant and positive impact of hose remittances on recipient households’ expenditures. They are also significantly associated with a decline in the probability of being in poverty for rural households; it decreases by 11.3 percentage points. In comparison, this probability decreases by 3 points in urban area.
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Sittig, Dean F., Daniel R. Murphy, Michael W. Smith, Elise Russo, Adam Wright, and Hardeep Singh. "Graphical display of diagnostic test results in electronic health Records: a comparison of 8 systems." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, no. 4 (March 19, 2015): 900–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv013.
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Abstract Accurate display and interpretation of clinical laboratory test results is essential for safe and effective diagnosis and treatment. In an attempt to ascertain how well current electronic health records (EHRs) facilitated these processes, we evaluated the graphical displays of laboratory test results in eight EHRs using objective criteria for optimal graphs based on literature and expert opinion. None of the EHRs met all 11 criteria; the magnitude of deficiency ranged from one EHR meeting 10 of 11 criteria to three EHRs meeting only 5 of 11 criteria. One criterion (i.e., the EHR has a graph with y-axis labels that display both the name of the measured variable and the units of measure) was absent from all EHRs. One EHR system graphed results in reverse chronological order. One EHR system plotted data collected at unequally-spaced points in time using equally-spaced data points, which had the effect of erroneously depicting the visual slope perception between data points. This deficiency could have a significant, negative impact on patient safety. Only two EHR systems allowed users to see, hover-over, or click on a data point to see the precise values of the x–y coordinates. Our study suggests that many current EHR-generated graphs do not meet evidence-based criteria aimed at improving laboratory data comprehension.
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Schicho, Kurt, Michael Figl, Rudolf Seemann, Markus Donat, Michael L. Pretterklieber, Wolfgang Birkfellner, Astrid Reichwein, et al. "Comparison of laser surface scanning and fiducial marker–based registration in frameless stereotaxy." Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 4 (April 2007): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.704.
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✓The authors compared the accuracy of laser surface scanning patient registration using the commercially available Fazer (Medtronic, Inc.) with the conventional registration procedure based on fiducial markers (FMs) in computer-assisted surgery. Four anatomical head specimens were prepared with 10 titanium microscrews placed at defined locations and scanned with a 16-slice spiral computed tomography unit. To compare the two registration methods, each method was applied five times for each cadaveric specimen; thus data were obtained from 40 registrations. Five microscrews (selected following a randomization protocol) were used for each FM-based registration; the other five FMs were selected for coordinate measurements by touching with a point measurement stylus. Coordinates of these points were also measured manually on the screen of the navigation computer. Coordinates were measured in the same manner after laser surface registration. The root mean square error as calculated by the navigation system ranged from 1.3 to 3.2 mm (mean 1.8 mm) with the Fazer and from 0.3 to 1.8 mm (mean 1.0 mm) with FM-based registration. The overall mean deviations (the arithmetic mean of the mean deviations of measurements on the four specimens) were 3.0 mm (standard deviation [SD] range 1.4–2.6 mm) with the Fazer and 1.4 mm (SD range 0.4–0.9 mm) with the FMs. The Fazer registration scans 300 surface points. Statistical tests showed the difference in the accuracy of these methods to be highly significant. In accordance with the findings of other groups, the authors concluded that the inclusion of a larger number of registration points might improve the accuracy of Fazer registration.
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Cuijpers, P., E. H. Turner, D. C. Mohr, S. G. Hofmann, G. Andersson, M. Berking, and J. Coyne. "Comparison of psychotherapies for adult depression to pill placebo control groups: a meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 4 (April 3, 2013): 685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000457.
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BackgroundThe effects of antidepressants for treating depressive disorders have been overestimated because of selective publication of positive trials. Reanalyses that include unpublished trials have yielded reduced effect sizes. This in turn has led to claims that antidepressants have clinically insignificant advantages over placebo and that psychotherapy is therefore a better alternative. To test this, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies comparing psychotherapy with pill placebo.MethodTen 10 studies comparing psychotherapies with pill placebo were identified. In total, 1240 patients were included in these studies. For each study, Hedges’ g was calculated. Characteristics of the studies were extracted for subgroup and meta-regression analyses.ResultsThe effect of psychotherapy compared to pill placebo at post-test was g = 0.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.36, I2 = 0%, 95% CI 0–58]. This effect size corresponds to a number needed to treat (NNT) of 7.14 (95% CI 5.00–12.82). The psychotherapy conditions scored 2.66 points lower on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) than the placebo conditions, and 3.20 points lower on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Some indications for publication bias were found (two missing studies). We found no significant differences between subgroups of the studies and in meta-regression analyses we found no significant association between baseline severity and effect size.ConclusionsAlthough there are differences between the role of placebo in psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy research, psychotherapy has an effect size that is comparable to that of antidepressant medications. Whether these effects should be deemed clinically relevant remains open to debate.
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Nouri, Mahtab, Arash Farzan, Ali Reza Akbarzadeh Baghban, and Reza Massudi. "Comparison of clinical bracket point registration with 3D laser scanner and coordinate measuring machine." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 20, no. 1 (February 2015): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.20.1.059-065.oar.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of a laser scanner developed to determine the coordinates of clinical bracket points and to compare with the results of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). METHODS: This diagnostic experimental study was conducted on maxillary and mandibular orthodontic study casts of 18 adults with normal Class I occlusion. First, the coordinates of the bracket points were measured on all casts by a CMM. Then, the three-dimensional coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the bracket points were measured on the same casts by a 3D laser scanner designed at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. The validity and reliability of each system were assessed by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Dahlberg's formula. RESULTS: The difference between the mean dimension and the actual value for the CMM was 0.0066 mm. (95% CI: 69.98340, 69.99140). The mean difference for the laser scanner was 0.107 ± 0.133 mm (95% CI: -0.002, 0.24). In each method, differences were not significant. The ICC comparing the two methods was 0.998 for the X coordinate, and 0.996 for the Y coordinate; the mean difference for coordinates recorded in the entire arch and for each tooth was 0.616 mm. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of clinical bracket point coordinates measured by the laser scanner was equal to that of CMM. The mean difference in measurements was within the range of operator errors.
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Felton, Adam, Jeff T. Wood, Annika M. Felton, David B. Lindenmayer, and Bennett A. Hennessey. "A comparison of bird communities in the anthropogenic and natural-tree fall gaps of a reduced-impact logged subtropical forest in Bolivia." Bird Conservation International 18, no. 2 (May 20, 2008): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908000117.
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AbstractWe studied bird community composition and abundance within four vegetation and disturbance categories located within selectively logged and unlogged forest in a Bolivian subtropical lowland forestry concession. The logged forest was subject to reduced-impact logging between 1 and 4 years prior to our study. The four categories were: 1) ‘gap’ points possessing natural or anthropogenic tree-fall gaps; 2) ‘target’ points with one of five commercial tree species of harvestable size; 3) ‘future’ points possessing a commercial tree below harvestable size and 4) ‘non-target’ points not possessing harvestable tree species. The bird community composition of logging gaps significantly differed from that found within natural tree-fall gaps in the unlogged forest P< 0.05. Species richness was higher in natural tree-fall gaps than in anthropogenic gaps. Furthermore, a higher proportion of disturbance sensitive species were associated with natural-tree fall gaps, whereas a higher proportion of disturbance tolerant species were associated with anthropogenic gaps. No significant difference was detected in the bird community composition for the other three vegetation categories surveyed. We discuss the conservation and silvicultural repercussions of these results.
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Yu, Yue, Yanjun Li, Dehong Wang, Rongtian Du, Chongqing Jiao, and Jiwei Sun. "Comparison of Grounding Grid Parameters Between Copper and Galvanized Flat Steel." E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021): 02058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702058.
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In the intelligent substation, the shell of the secondary equipment is connected to the ground grid locally. When the short circuit fault current is injected into the grounding grid to cause the ground potential rise, the potential difference between the two points of the grounding grid will affect the normal operation of the secondary equipment. In this paper, aiming at the grounding grid of a 220kV substation, the grounding impedance, ground potential rise and ground potential difference between galvanized flat steel and copper grounding grid are calculated by using CDEGS software. The results show that the copper ground grid has a significant effect on reducing the potential difference of the ground grid.
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Aka, Hasan, Gürkan Yılmaz, Cengiz Akarçeşme, and Emre Altundağ. "The Comparison of the Functional Movement Screen Test Results of Volleyball National Team Players in Different Countries." Journal of Education and Learning 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n1p138.
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This study was conducted to compare the functional movement patterns of female volleyball players from different countries. 34 the women’s volleyball national team athletes from three different countries participated in the study; Turkey (n=9), Azerbaijan (n=16) and Kyrgyzstan (n=9). Functional movement screen of the athletes were determined by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test kit. The Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used for multiple comparisons from nonparametric tests in determining the difference between functional movement patterns of national teams. At the end of the study, it was determined that the FMS total scores of the teams were higher than 14 points which were considered as critical limits and there was no statistically significant difference between the FMS total scores of the teams (p<0.05). However, there were significant differences between the teams in the hurdle step, shoulder clearing test and shoulder mobility tests which formed the FMS test battery. As a conclusion, the fact that volleyball players in each country have more than 14 points of FMS total score, which is the critical limit, shows that volleyball players have low risk of injury. This may be related to the elite level of volleyball players and the implementation of correct training models.
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Cui, Ning, Jun Liu, and Haiyan Tan. "Comparison of laparoscopic surgery versus traditional laparotomy for the treatment of emergency patients." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 030006051988919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519889191.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic gastrointestinal emergency surgery and postoperative complications. Methods Data for 604 patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery between January 2013 and December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment efficacy and postoperative complications were compared between 300 patients (control group) undergoing traditional laparotomy and 304 patients (observation group) undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Results Clinical features were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group, including duration of surgery (59.12 ± 10.31 minutes vs. 70.34 ± 12.83 minutes), intraoperative blood loss (41.21 ± 10.45 mL vs. 61.38 ± 9.97 mL), postoperative pain score (1.25 ± 0.25 points. vs. 5.13 ± 0.43 points), length of hospital stay (5.13 ± 0.24 days vs. 7.05 ± 0.13 days), and time to free activity (13 ± 2.96 hours vs. 22 ± 3.02 hours). The total complication incidence in the observation group was 3.9%, compared with 16% in the control group (16%). No significant differences in direct medical costs were recorded between the observation and control groups. Conclusions For patients undergoing emergency gastrointestinal surgery, laparoscopic surgery resulted in better clinical outcomes than traditional laparotomy without incurring additional costs. The potential clinical benefits of emergency laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery warrant further study.
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Song, Wenping, Shijie Liu, Xiaohua Tong, Changling Niu, Zhen Ye, Han Zhang, and Yanmin Jin. "COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ATTITUDE CORRECTION MODELS FOR ZY-3 SATELLITE IMAGERY." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3 (April 23, 2018): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-193-2018.
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ZY-3 satellite, launched in 2012, is the first civilian high resolution stereo mapping satellite of China. This paper analyzed the positioning errors of ZY-3 satellite imagery and conducted compensation for geo-position accuracy improvement using different correction models, including attitude quaternion correction, attitude angle offset correction, and attitude angle linear correction. The experimental results revealed that there exist systematic errors with ZY-3 attitude observations and the positioning accuracy can be improved after attitude correction with aid of ground controls. There is no significant difference between the results of attitude quaternion correction method and the attitude angle correction method. However, the attitude angle offset correction model produced steady improvement than the linear correction model when limited ground control points are available for single scene.