Relevant bibliographies by topics / Comparison of significant points

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Academic literature on the topic 'Comparison of significant points'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Comparison of significant points"

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Rai, Tara Mani. "Lexical comparison in Hayu: a lexicostatistical analysis." Gipan 4 (December 31, 2019): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v4i0.35464.

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This article presents the lexicostatistical analysis of Hayu language based on 210 wordlist. There appear different ranges of lexical and phonetic similarities across the five different survey points. Being based on the Mudhajor, the core area of Hayu, exhibits a significant degree of lexical similarity with other points, i.e. Aadmara, Kodre, Wadi and Balingkhola. Such similarity percentages clearly indicate that Hayu spoken in five different points are mutually intelligible to each other. The lexicostatistical data, therefore, show that there is not much lexical variations across the villages where Hayu is spoken.
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Skirdenko, Ju P., and N. A. Nikolaev. "Clinically significant food preferences of patients with atrial fibrillation: a nosological and regional peculiarities." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 91, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2019.01.000026.

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The aim of the investigation was to study the peculiarities of food consumption in patients with atrial fibrillation, capable of influencing the anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, in comparison with healthy volunteers and taking into account geographical specifics. Materials and methods. In an open cohort study, 196 respondents (88 men, 108 women) evaluated food preferences using a questionnaire survey. The quantitative evaluation of adherence to lifestyle modification was studied by QAA-25. Statistical data processing was performed by parametric (Student's t-test) and nonparametric (Wald-Wolfowitz, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Pearson) analysis methods. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in food rations between the studied categories of respondents, both increasing [37.0±19.5 points versus 37.3±17.98 points; Wald-Wolfowitz (Z), p=0.16] and reducing the activity of warfarin [62.2±26.3 points versus 63.4±23.8 points; Wald-Wolfowitz (Z), p=0.95]. The absence of differences remained in the evaluation, taking into account regional characteristics of nutrition. The respondents were taking warfarin, there is no relationship between the level of commitment to the modification of lifestyle and diet modification. Conclusion: it is shown that medical recommendations aimed at correcting the eating behavior of respondents taking warfarin are not effective, which can be an independent risk factor for complications of both warfarin therapy and the underlying disease.
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Tóth, Gergely. "Circular Economy and its Comparison with 14 Other Business Sustainability Movements." Resources 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8040159.

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Circular economy is not the first, and probably not the last “movement” in the arena of sustainability macroeconomic and business solutions. In this article we produce a—not full—list of similar movements from the 1990s, publish a comparative table and propose a simple framework to decide the significant points of the life cycle of such a kind of movement. For significant points and statistics, we use simplified content analysis from normal and scientific research engines. Finally, we use this framework to make a forecast about time for the circular economy approach “to stay on the top” and conclude if these movements are “Much Ado about Nothing” or they help us on our way to a sustainable planetary, social and economic system.
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Chakrabarti, Mayukh, Hyunbum Jang, and Ruth Nussinov. "Comparison of the Conformations of KRAS Isoforms, K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B, Points to Similarities and Significant Differences." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, no. 4 (January 27, 2016): 667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11110.

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Cimera, Robert Evert. "The Percentage of Supported Employees With Significant Disabilities Who Would Earn More in Sheltered Workshops." Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities 42, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540796917697448.

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This study examined the percentage of 21,257 supported employees served by 74 state-federal vocational rehabilitation agencies in 2013 who would have earned more wages in sheltered workshops than in the community. It found that the overwhelming majority of supported employees earned more in their communities at all wage comparison points; however, substantial differences in wages were identified according to the participant’s disability type, occupation, vocational rehabilitation agency, and the region in which they lived.
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Ushiro, Kosuke, Hiroki Nishikawa, Masahiro Matsui, Takeshi Ogura, Toshihisa Takeuchi, Masahiro Goto, Shiro Nakamura, et al. "Comparison of SARC-F Score among Gastrointestinal Diseases." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 4099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184099.

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SARC-F is a screening tool for sarcopenia. We sought to compare the SARC-F scores of patients with different gastrointestinal diseases (n = 1282 (762 males): upper gastrointestinal disease (UGD, n = 326), lower gastrointestinal disease (LGD, n = 357), biliary and pancreatic disease (BPD, n = 416), and liver disease (LD, n = 183)). Factors associated with SARC-F ≥4 points (highly suspicious of sarcopenia) were also examined. The median age was 71 years. Patients with SARC-F ≥4 points were found in 197 (15.4%). Advanced cancer was found in 339 patients (26.4%). The proportion of SARC-F ≥4 points in groups of UGD, LGD, BPD, and LD were 17.5% (57/326) in UGD, 12.0% (43/357) in LGD, 17.3% (72/416) in BPD, and 13.7% (25/183) in LD, respectively (overall p = 0.1235). In patients with and without advanced cancer, similar tendencies were observed. In the multivariate analysis, age (p < 0.0001), gender (p = 0.0011), serum albumin (p < 0.0001), lymphocyte count (p = 0.0019), C reactive protein (p = 0.0197), and the presence of advanced cancer (p = 0.0424) were significant factors linked to SARC-F ≥4 points. In patients with advanced cancer, SARC-F scores correlated well with their Glasgow prognostic scores. In conclusion, sarcopenia in gastrointestinal diseases may be affected not by disease type (i.e., the primary origin of the disease) but by aging, nutritional condition, inflammatory condition, and cancer burden.
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Fetter, Deborah S., Madan Dharmar, Suzanne Lawry-Hall, Jona Pressman, Jamie Chapman, and Rachel E. Scherr. "The Influence of Gain-Framed and Loss-Framed Health Messages on Nutrition and Physical Activity Knowledge." Global Pediatric Health 6 (January 2019): 2333794X1985740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x19857405.

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Background. Research remains inconclusive about the most effective frame for encouraging health preventative behaviors. Aims. To examine the impact of gain- and loss-framed health messages on nutrition and physical activity (PA) knowledge in fourth-grade youth participating in the Shaping Healthy Choices Program (SHCP), a multicomponent nutrition program. Methods. Youth were recruited to participate in this 9-month quasi-experimental study and divided into 3 groups: (1) comparison (n = 50), (2) loss-framed (n = 76), and (3) gain-framed (n = 67). All youth participated in the SHCP, and the gain- and loss-framed groups also viewed weekly health messages. Paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and Bonferroni for multiple comparisons were used for analysis. Results. Youth who participated in the SHCP improved nutrition knowledge (+2.0 points; P < .01) and PA knowledge (+1.8 points; P < .01). Nutrition knowledge improved in the comparison group (+1.3 points; P = .04), loss-framed group (+1.9 points; P = .01), and gain-framed group (+2.6 points; P = .01). Improvements in PA knowledge were also demonstrated in the comparison group (+1.6 points; P < .01), the loss-framed group (+1.3 points; P < .01), and the gain-framed group (+2.5 points; P = .01). There were no significant differences between groups. Youth in the loss-framed group reported a decrease in self-efficacy (−1.2; P = .05), while this was not observed in the other groups. Discussion. The SHCP improves nutrition and PA knowledge, and the positive reinforcement further strengthens some of these improvements, while loss-framed messaging can contribute to undesirable outcomes. Conclusions. Incorporating positive reinforcement through gain-framed messages can be a relatively low-cost avenue for supporting beneficial outcomes.
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Akyigit, Abdulvahap, Erol Keleş, Yavuz Sultan Selim Yıldırım, Turgut Karlıdağ, Orkun Eroglu, İrfan Kaygusuz, Oner Sakallıoglu, and Sinasi Yalcın. "Comparison of Changes in Nasal Skin Sensation After Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty Procedures Using Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Testing." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41, no. 10 (March 19, 2021): NP1295—NP1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjab139.

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Abstract Background Numbness of the nasal skin is one of the most common complications following rhinoplasty. Objectives The present study investigated postoperative changes in nasal skin sensation among primary and revision rhinoplasty patients and evaluated the recovery outcomes for both groups. Methods A prospective, randomized blinded study was undertaken involving 100 primary and 34 revision open rhinoplasty patients and 50 volunteers as control group. Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing was performed on 7 designated nasal points preoperatively and at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12, and the results were evaluated. Results Among the primary rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip and infratip over time was significant (P &lt; 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference for the other points. Among the revision rhinoplasty patients, the change in reduced sensation on pressure to the tip, infratip, and base of columella over time was significant (P &lt; 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference at the other points. In a comparison of the revision and primary rhinoplasty patients at all timepoints, a statistically significant reduction in sensation was noted on the application of pressure to all points in the revision patient group (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions This study found that the sense of touch on pressure returned to normal, aside from at the tip and infratip, by the end of month 12 in primary rhinoplasty patients. The revision rhinoplasty patients, in turn, were observed to have reduced sensation on pressure by the end of month 12, with the greatest reduction at the tip, infratip, and columellar base. Level of Evidence: 3
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Leschinger, T., M. Hackl, M. Lenz, V. Rausch, L. P. Müller, and K. Wegmann. "A prospective comparison of short-term results after arthroscopic and open elbow procedures in elbow stiffness." Obere Extremität 14, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11678-019-00544-1.

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Abstract Background Surgical treatment of the stiff elbow can be performed either arthroscopically or via an open approach. There is a paucity of direct prospective comparisons of the techniques in the literature. Objectives The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical short-term results of arthroscopic and open elbow arthrolysis in postoperative and posttraumatic stiff elbows. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 44 patients divided in two cohorts, one after arthroscopic arthrolysis (33 patients) and the other including patients after open arthrolysis (11 patients). Range of motion (ROM; extension/flexion), pain (numerical rating scale, NRS), as well as the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score were recorded preoperatively and examined in a standardized manner 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Results In both groups, preoperative elbow movement significantly improved in the follow-up. An increase from 103.3° (±23.4) to 123.5° (±12.5°; p = 0.001) was seen after 6 months for the arthroscopic group, whereas the mean ROM significantly increased from 64.5° (±31.1°) to 100.9° (±25.6°; p = 0.007) following open arthrolysis. In the arthroscopic group, the DASH score was measured at 37.3 points (±23.4 points) and improved to 16.1 points (±16.5 points) after 6 months, while in the open group it enhanced after 6 months (19.5 points [±17.5 points]) compared to its preoperative value by 38.2 points (±24.1 points). A consistent improvement was found for NRS, which decreased after surgery in both groups (arthroscopic group = −3.1 [±3.0]; open group = −2.0 [±2.9]). Complications did not occur in either group. When comparing delta values of the groups between the preoperative ROM, DASH score, and NRS, no significant differences were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions Good to excellent functional recovery was seen in both cohorts when evaluating for improvement in the DASH score, the gain in elbow motion, and the decrease in pain. No significant differences were found between the procedures regarding pre- and postoperative measurements. The arthroscopic approach has developed to become an effective alternative to treat posttraumatic elbow stiffness.
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Jaworski, Leszek, and Anna Swiatek. "Comparison of Coordinates of Polref - the First Order Polish National Network - Obtained from Campaigns in 1994/95 and 2008/2010." Artificial Satellites 47, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10018-012-0017-7.

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Comparison of Coordinates of Polref - the First Order Polish National Network - Obtained from Campaigns in 1994/95 and 2008/2010 The integration of ASG-EUPOS network with the national first order networks was prepared in two measurement campaigns carried out in 2008 and 2010/2011. The measurements included a total of 340 points of POLREF - the first order national GNSS network. That set of data gives the possibility for comparison of solutions prepared for comprehensive analysis of the points' position and coordinates changes in the long term. Because the results of POLREF were not published the paper includes a brief description of campaigns from 1994 and 1995 and prepared solutions as well as the results of coordinates comparison with campaigns 2008 and 2010/2011. For points of significant deviations in coordinates the analysis of causes was presented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparison of significant points"

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Zelený, Miroslav. "Automatizované sledování pohybujících se objektů pomocí robotického manipulátoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442440.

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This diploma thesis deals with the tracking of objects using a robotic manipulator Epson C3 and a color camera. The work describes the basic qualities of the device to be used. The OpenCV library and its wrapper EmguCV are used as software tools for computer vision. It discusses the basic issues and principles of tracking objects in the image and introduces some methods of tracking. These methods have been tested and therefore their strengths and weaknesses, which appeared during testing, are listed here. Furthermore, there is a procedure for calculating the new coordinates of the camera and the manipulator effector using homogeneous transformations. The work contains the results of testing the algorithms and their evaluation. The output of the work is a test application for the Epson C3 robot.
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Gutzmann, Tobias. "Comparison of Points-to Analyses." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2401.

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Points-to analysis is a static program analysis which computes possible reference relations between different parts of a program. It serves as input to many high-level analyses. Points-to analyses differ, among others, in flow- and context-sensitivity, program representation, and object abstraction. Most program representations used for points-to analysis are sparse representations which abstract from, e.g., primitive data types and intra-procedural control-flow. Thus, a certain degree of information is sacrificed for compact program representation, which results in scalable performance. In this thesis, we present a framework which allows building different versions of Points-to SSA (P2SSA), a sparse, Memory SSA based program representation. Distinct instantiations of P2SSA contain different levels of abstraction from a program's full representation. We present another framework which allows running Points-to analyses on these program representations. We use these two frameworks to instantiate different versions of P2SSA and compare them in terms of analysis precision and execution time.

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Parks, LuElla Marie. "A comparison of Nebo Hill and Sedalia points." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6254.

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Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 28, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Lennartsson, Alexander, and Hilda Melander. "Comparison of systems to detect rogue access points." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88592.

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A hacker might use a rogue access point to gain access to a network, this poses athreat to the individuals connected to it. The hacker might have the potential to leakcorporate data or steal private information. The detection of rogue access points istherefore of importance to prevent any damage to both businesses and individuals.Comparing different software that detects rogue access points increases the chanceof someone finding a solution that suits their network. The different type of softwarethat are compared are intrusion detection systems, wireless scanners and a Ciscowireless lan controller. The parameters that are being compared are; cost, compat-ibility, detection capability and implementation difficulty. In order to obtain resultssome of the parameters require testing. As there are three types of software, threeexperiment environments should be conducted. Our research indicates that alreadyexisting network equipment or the size of the network affects the results from theexperiments.
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Allspach, Lisa E. "The character of guilt within interpersonal relationships: A comparison of friends and significant others." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289176.

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Recently, the role of guilt within interpersonal relationships has come under scrutiny. This research, though informative, has been primarily gleaned from retrospective accounts. This investigation examines guilt virtually as it is elicited in friendship and significant-other dyads, probing the following issues: (a) experienced guilt and perceptions of conversational appropriateness as they relate to relational satisfaction and relational interdependence, (b) the association between elicitors' and targets' perceptions of relational transgression and relational satisfaction, (c) elicitors' perceptions of predicted and actual outcomes of guilt elicitation, (d) effects of guilt elicitation on targets' perceptions of the relationship, (e) self-esteem's effect on targets' experienced guilt, and (f) effects of relationship type (i.e., friends vs. significant others) on the above. Results indicate that relationship type is associated with intensity of the guilt appeal, and is a factor in the link between relational interdependence and perceptions of a guilt appeal's appropriateness. Additionally relationship type, relational interdependence, and relational satisfaction offered some demonstration of moderating the usage and reception of guilt. Relational satisfaction evidenced no association with partners' perceptions of the relational transgression, while self-esteem demonstrated a near significant association with experienced guilt. Content analyses of elicitors' perceptions of predicted and actual outcomes and targets' perceptions of relational meanings of guilt appeals are presented.
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Knecht, Vicky Marie. "PATIENTS WITH GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER: COMPARISON OF LEARNING NEEDS OF PATIENTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANT OTHERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292091.

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Rouse, Susan L. "A Comparison of Points Versus Sounds as Reinforces in Human Operant Research." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278951/.

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Research shows that human operant behavior typically differs from non-human operant behavior on schedules of reinforcement. These differences in performance may be related to differences between the experimental preparations used to study human and non-human operant behavior. One such difference is the type of reinforcer used. This experiment analyzed the differential effects of points alone, points backed up by money, and sounds on schedule performance of human subjects. Results show that sounds generated moderate rates of responding, capable of change in either direction. When points backed up with money were the reinforcers, however, high rates of behavior were generated, disrupting the previously established baseline performance. This suggests that while points may be effective in generating high rates of behavior, they may be ineffective in producing sensitive baselines needed to study human operant behavior on schedules of reinforcement.
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Richard, Andrew Justin. "Clovis and Folsom Functionality Comparison." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556853.

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This thesis uses experimental archaeology as a method to discover the functional differences between Clovis and Folsom projectile points filtered through a behavioral ecology paradigm. Porcelain is used as a substitute for tool stone for its consistency and control value. The experiment was devised to find out which technology, Clovis or Folsom, was more functional, had a higher curation rate and contributed to increased group subsistence. Paleoindian tool technology transitions can be seen as indicators for adaptation triggered by environmental conditions and changes in subsistence. Folsom technology, when compared to Clovis technology, was functionally superior in performance, refurbishment and curation. Technological design choices made by Folsom people were engineered toward producing a more functional tool system as a sustainable form of risk management. The Clovis Folsom Breakage Experiment indicates that Folsom tool technology was specifically adapted to bison subsistence based on increased functionality and curation.
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Lander, Angelina. "PRIVACY, SURVEILLANCE AND THE STATE: A COMPARISON OF U.S. AND BRITISH PRIVACY RIGHTS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4242.

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This study investigates the effects of institutional structure on the privacy rights regimes in the United States and the United Kingdom, from 2000-2006. The goal of this research is to analyze how variation in the institutional arrangements across these two countries allowed for more or less protection of privacy rights for citizens. Domestic terrorist attacks during the time period represent a catalyst for changes in police and government surveillance activities. Veto points literature provides the framework for institutional comparison. The first part of the research provides a discussion of the historical evolution of privacy rights in both states, focusing on government and police surveillance and investigations. The second part of the research, based on veto points theory, compares the institutional arrangements of the United States and the United Kingdom, and suggests that the number of veto points and the ideological proximity of veto players have had an effect on the formulation of policy. Laws governing surveillance, investigations and privacy in the year 2000 provide a benchmark for analyzing how policies change over time.
M.A.
Department of Political Science
Sciences
Political Science MA
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Bjørk, Lars-Erik, and Truls Rinnan Jørgensen. "Benchmarking significant DBMS costs on Niagara in order to perform a relative performance comparison between the Shared Nothing and the Shared Everything DBMS memory architectures." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9310.

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This report carries out a relative performance comparison between two DBMS architectures on the Multi Core, Single Die (MCSD) realization Niagara. The two DBMS architectures in question are Shared Nothing (SN) and Shared Everything (SE). The MCSD field is rapidly evolving, and we expect that this technology will become increasingly important in the near future. In order to carry out the comparison, the performance of the architectures must be calculated. This calculation depends on the cost figures associated with each architectural approach. To identify these costs, we present the design solutions made and results discovered in our previous work. Based on this, the most significant costs are determined and scheduled to be micro benchmarked. The natural next step is to examine possible techniques to implement the benchmarks. In order to do this, we first expand on the Niagara chip and the platform on which the micro benchmarks will run. Having a sufficient theoretical platform to continue, we move on to describe the implementation of each micro benchmark in detail. After benchmarking all the most significant costs, we thoroughly discuss the results, some of which are indeed surprising. The costs which are not benchmarked are based on assumptions from our previous work and recalculated to apply to Niagara. For both SN and SE, we evaluate the system for two classes of transactions. The first class is transactions touching one tuple (called simple), the second is transactions touching four tuples (called complex). Each class has two instances, read and update. In order to perform the subsequent analysis, the decomposition of each transaction is presented in detail. When analyzing the outcome of the calculations, interesting results emerge. First, we note that SE is the cheapest alternative when evaluating the simple transactions. This is because the SN approach includes an administrative overhead component that does not pay off when the transaction only touches one tuple. However, for complex transactions, the overhead component results in a parallel gain for SN which outperforms SE. Based on the most dominant costs of both architectures, we perform a sensitivity analysis. For SN, the analysis is based on the cost for message passing. For SE, it is based on the cost for synchronization. The goal of this analysis is two folded. First, it is interesting to see how the results vary. For example, what the ratio between the cost for message passing and the cost for synchronization must be in order to make the two approaches perform equally well. Second, the analysis indicate how error-prone each architecture is to erroneous estimation. The sensitivity analysis examine the performance of SN and SE when the ratio between the cost for message passing and the cost for synchronization is varied. This is done in both the read and the update cases. In addition to examining the simple and the complex transactions, we examine general transactions were the number of operations are not predetermined. The analysis of the general read transaction suggests that when the number of operations increases, the message passing and synchronization costs wipe out the impact of the other costs. It also suggests that when the cost of message passing is greater than 4 times the cost of synchronization, SE performs better when increasing the number of read operations. Similarly, if message passing is cheaper than 4 times the cost of synchronizing, SN is preferable. When increasing the number of update operations, the ratio is 3.33. After concluding the analysis, we suggest a hybrid architecture that might combine the advantages of SN and SE. At the cost of introducing both message passing and synchronization, the architecture introduce parallelism in SE. Lastly, we identify suggestions for future work. Realized and applied to the DBMS model introduced in this report, we believe that several of these suggestions can shrink some of the costs presented.

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Books on the topic "Comparison of significant points"

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Stegemann, Norbert. Der Anknüpfungsgesichtspunkt der most significant relationship nach dem Restatment of the laws, second, Conflict of the law 2nd, im deutschen internationalen Deliktsrecht und Vertragsrecht. Heidelberg: Esprint-Verlag, 1995.

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Anisha, Durve, ed. Marma points of Ayurveda: The energy pathways for healing body, mind, and consciousness with a comparison to traditional Chinese medicine. Albuquerque, N.M: Ayurvedic Press, 2008.

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Huffman, Splane Verna, and University of California, San Francisco. School of Nursing., eds. Chief nursing officer positions in national ministries of health: Focal points for nursing leadership. [San Francisco, CA]: Regents, University of California, 1994.

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Zhang, Wei. Politics and freedom of the press: A comparison of Australia and China with particular reference to coverage by two leading dailies of some significant events since 1970. [Sydney]: Australian Centre for Independent Journalism, 1997.

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Adu Boahen, Emmanuel, and Kwadwo Opoku. Gender wage gaps in Ghana: A comparison across different selection models. 10th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/944-0.

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The wage of an individual is observed only when he/she is employed. However, getting employment requires two decisions. First, an individual has to decide to participate in the labour market, and second, an employer must decide to hire that individual. Since female labour market participation often differs from that of men, and employers’ decisions to hire may also be influenced by gender, it is appropriate to account for this double selection process. This study uses the latest household survey in Ghana to estimate gender wage gaps by correcting for this double selection process. We find that the average total gender wage gap is positive and significant irrespective of the sample selection correction method used. Our results indicate that women on average receive lower wages than men. Irrespective of the type of selection method used, our findings suggest that almost all the wage gap is a result of differences in returns, with only a small part coming from differences in observables. We find that the gender wage gap is smaller among formal wage employees and the gap decreases as education level increases. Although our findings indicate a similar trend in the wage gap across all specifications, the magnitude of the gap is sensitive to the choice of the model. This points to the need to be cautious about the choice of sample selection correction used to analyse gender wage gaps.
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Christiansen, Monty L. Points About Playgrounds: A Compilation of Significant Information. 2nd ed. Natl Recreation & Park Assn, 1995.

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Christiansen, Monty L. Points About Playgrounds: A Compilation of Significant Information. Natl Recreation & Park Assn, 1993.

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L, Christiansen Monty, and National Recreation and Park Association., eds. Points about playgrounds: A compilation of significant information. Arlington, Va: National Recreation & Park Association, 1993.

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Allen, Mike, Lars Benjaminsen, Eoin O'Sullivan, and Nicholas Pleace. Ending Homelessness? Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447347170.001.0001.

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In recent years, across Europe, North America and the Antipodes, a significant number of countries, states and regions have devised strategies that aim to end long-term homelessness and the need to sleep rough. Long considered an intractable or ‘wicked’ social problem, the notion that homelessness could be ended represents a significant sea change in conceptualising and responding to homelessness. A key driver for states, regions and municipalities to devise plans to end homelessness, and an optimism that this policy objective can be achieved, is that there is an increasing research evidence base on what works to end homelessness. This increasingly sophisticated research evidence covers both the prevention of homelessness in the first instance and the support mechanisms that can ensure sustainable exits and stable, secure accommodation for people who have experienced homelessness. This book explores these issues through a detailed comparison of the experiences of Denmark, Finland and Ireland over the past decade. From 2008 to the end of 2018, the numbers living rough and in temporary and emergency accommodation showed a decline of 72 per cent in Finland, while the number of households in emergency accommodation increased by 300 per cent in Ireland; in Denmark, the number of adults in emergency accommodation increased by 12 per cent over the shorter time period of 2009–17. The purpose of this book is to offer explanations for stark variations in these outcomes despite similar starting points.
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Schneider, Axel, and Daniel Woolf. Editors’ Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0001.

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This concluding volume in The Oxford History of Historical Writing covers a very small period in comparison with some of its companions: barely two‐thirds of a century. As with the other volumes, the boundary dates are both fluid and imprecise: 1945 is a watershed date for the world in the sense that it marked the end of the Second World War and the division of Europe into a Western and an Eastern bloc. Elsewhere in the world, other dates are more meaningful: for China, 1949 is the critical year; and in much of Africa the decolonization of the 1950s and 1960s marked a significant rupture with past, colonial historiography. Unlike the earlier volumes, our period is also an unfinished one, for though some obvious sub‐periods are broken at points such as the early 1960s, the fall of European communism at the end of the 1980s, and the rapid rise of both globalization and radical Islam during the 1990s, it is difficult to predict, in early 2010 as this introduction is written, just where the story of post‐war historiography will end, or how. What ...
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Book chapters on the topic "Comparison of significant points"

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Grzejszczak, Tomasz, Adam Gałuszka, Michał Niezabitowski, and Krystian Radlak. "Comparison of Hand Feature Points Detection Methods." In Technological Innovation for Collective Awareness Systems, 167–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54734-8_19.

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Rico-Juan, Juan Ramón, and Luisa Micó. "Finding Significant Points for a Handwritten Classification Task." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 440–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30125-7_55.

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Liu, Yibo, Gang Xiao, and Yong Chen. "A Similarity Comparison Method of Flight Test Points." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 197–211. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6061-9_13.

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Taylor, Paul. "Sport and Art: Some Central Points of Comparison." In A Comparative Philosophy of Sport and Art, 45–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72334-7_4.

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Seo, Dongwook, Danilo Cáceres Hernández, and Kang-Hyun Jo. "Comparison of Edge Operators for Detection of Vanishing Points." In Computational Collective Intelligence, 443–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24069-5_42.

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Swanson, Frederick J., John H. Cissel, and Allison Reger. "Landscape Management: Diversity of Approaches and Points of Comparison." In Compatible Forest Management, 237–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0309-3_9.

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Kuznetsov, Valery, Valery Pesoshin, Artyom Gumirov, and Darya Shirshova. "Significant Uniformity Digital Models on the Set of Probabilistic Points." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 11–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66077-2_2.

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Guellil, Mohamed Elhebib, Zamila Harichane, and Arkan Çelebi. "Comparison Between Non-linear and Stochastic Methods for Dynamic SSI Problems." In On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods, 191–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01656-2_43.

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Kadonaga, Tokuhisa, and Keiichi Abe. "Comparison of methods for detecting corner points from digital curves." In Graphics Recognition Methods and Applications, 23–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61226-2_3.

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Hickernell, Fred J. "A Comparison of Random and Quasirandom Points for Multidimensional Quadrature." In Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing, 213–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2552-2_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Comparison of significant points"

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Aird, C. J. "A Comparison of Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Surface Cracked Plates." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21456.

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Abstract The present paper compares the stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions for surface-cracked plates presented in R6, BS 7910, API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 and RSE-M. Both extended surface cracks and semi-elliptical surface cracks are considered. In general, the agreement between the various solutions is found to be good at within 5%. However, particular cases are highlighted which are associated with larger differences between the SIFs. For extended surface cracks, the various solutions agree closely at within 5% in all but one case. For semi-elliptical surface cracks, the agreement between the various solutions is generally better at the deepest point than at the so-called ‘surface’ points. In particular, the surface point SIFs corresponding to the Vainshtok and Varfolomeyev weight function solution which appears in API-579-1/ASME FFS-1 differ significantly from the other solutions in some cases. It is concluded that further work is required in order to establish an appropriate definition of the surface point SIF for use in structural integrity calculations.
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Smith, Natalie R., Christopher Clarke, Timothy C. Allison, Michael Cave, and Jason C. Wilkes. "The Comparison of Aerodynamic Performance Data Acquired From Thermal Measurements and a Torquemeter on a Compressor Impeller." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77016.

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Full-thermal heat-soak of machinery is vital to acquiring accurate aerodynamic performance data, but this process often requires significant testing time to allow for all facility components to reach a steady state temperature. Even still, there is the potential for heat loss in a well-insulated facility, and this can lead to inaccurate results. The implementation of a torquemeter to calculate performance metrics, such as isentropic efficiency, has two potential advantages: 1) the method is not susceptible to effects due to thermal heat loss in the facility, and 2) a torquemeter directly measures actual torque, and thus work, input, which eliminates the need to fully heat-soak to measure the actual enthalpy rise of the gas. This paper presents a comparison of aerodynamic performance metrics calculated both from data acquired with thermal measurements as well as from a torquemeter. These tests were conducted over five speedlines for a shrouded impeller in the Southwest Research Institute Single Stage Test Rig facility. Isentropic efficiency calculated from the torquemeter was approximately 1–2 efficiency points lower than the isentropic efficiency based on thermal measurements. This corresponds to approximately 0.5–1°C in heat loss in the discharge collector and piping. Furthermore, observations from three full-thermal heat-soak points indicate the significant difference in time required to reach steady state performance within measurement uncertainty tolerances between the torque-based and thermal-based methods. This comparison, while largely suspected, has not yet been studied in previous publications.
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Clerici, Paolo, Ambrogio Girotti, and Alessandro Perazzolo. "Comparison of Web Stress Concentration Factors and Safety Margins for a Thin Webbed Spur Gear Subjected to Static and Cyclic Loading Conditions." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0007.

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Abstract The stress distribution in the holed web of a gear was studied in order to evaluate the effects of overstress caused by a reduction in weight in comparison with a gear without lightening holes. The analysed gear is a component of a helicopter principal transmission: geometry and dimensions (web with eight circular holes) are usually employed. A 3-D mesh of the gears was made using PATRAN and a FEM analysis was carried out using NASTRAN 65a2. Moreover the principal stress history in one revolution of the gear was reconstructed at the critical points of the web. Thus it was possible to evaluate the actual fatigue cycle and the consequent safety margin for the different load conditions under which helicopter transmissions are generally checked. It was found that the stress variations in one revolution of the gear are significant even in constant power conditions and that the stresses at each point on the border of the holes always have the same sign in a complete revolution. Safety margins in the web were evaluated and compared using different formulas.
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Miller, Scarlett R., Samuel T. Hunter, Elizabeth Starkey, Sharath Ramachandran, Faez Ahmed, and Mark Fuge. "How Should We Measure Creativity in Design Studies? A Comparison of Social Science and Engineering Approaches." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22446.

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Abstract Design researchers have long sought to understand the mechanisms that support creative idea development. However, one of the key challenges faced by the design community is how to effectively measure the nebulous construct of creativity. The social science and engineering communities have adopted two vastly different approaches to solving this problem, both of which have been deployed throughout engineering design research. The goal of this paper was to compare and contrast these two approaches using design ratings of nearly 1000 engineering design ideas paired with a qualitative study with expert raters. The results of this study identify that while these two methods provide similar ratings of idea quality, there was a statistically significant negative relationship between these methods for ratings of idea novelty. Qualitative analysis of recordings from expert raters’ think aloud concept mapping points to potential sources of disagreement. In addition, the results show that while quasi-expert and expert raters provided similar ratings of design novelty, there was not significant agreement between these groups for ratings of design quality. The results of this study provide guidance for the deployment of idea ratings in engineering design research and evidence for the development and potential modification of engineering design creativity metrics.
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Julias, Margaret, Lowell T. Edgar, Helen M. Buettner, and David I. Shreiber. "Emulating the Anatomy of Acupuncture Points With In Vitro Models." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206519.

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In traditional acupuncture, fine needles are inserted and rotated at specific locations on the body that correspond to specific therapeutic effects, which can occur locally or at a distance from the needling point. The majority of acupuncture points co-align with fascial planes under the skin, which present more subcutaneous connective tissue [1] (Fig 1). Needle insertion and rotation induces this connective tissue to couple to and wind around the needle, forming a whorl of alignment and generating measurable force on the needle that is significantly higher at fascial planes in comparison to insertion above a muscle [2, 3]. However, the effects of the varying tissue anatomy at fascial planes on fiber winding are not known. At these planes, the tissue is bounded on two sides by skeletal muscle and generally becomes narrower with increasing depth, presenting distinct boundary conditions compared to locations above a muscle, which resembles an infinite plane.
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Johnson, Justin, and Karen R. Den Braven. "Comparison of Stratified and Homogeneous Combustion in a Direct-Injected Two-Stroke Engine for Snowmobile Applications." In ASME 2008 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2008-1654.

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) two-stroke engine technology has been developed for use in snowmobile applications. Applying GDI to a two-stroke engine significantly reduces emissions of unburned hydrocarbons and improves fuel economy by reducing or eliminating the short circuiting of fuel that occurs in conventional carbureted two-stroke engines. The GDI design allows for two different modes of combustion, stratified and homogeneous. Stratified combustion is typically used during idle and light to moderate loads at low engine speeds while homogeneous combustion is used at moderate to high loads and medium to high engine speeds. This work presents the process and results of determining which mode of combustion provides better fuel economy during cruise point operation, and where the transition from stratified to homogeneous combustion should occur in snowmobile operation. Results show that homogeneous calibration is the superior mode of combustion for the cruise points of a snowmobile.
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Trieglaff, Ralf, Martin Beckert, Jürgen Rudolph, and Fabian Hauser. "Comparison of Methods for Structural Stress Determination According to EN 13445-3 Annex NA." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66112.

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The European Pressure Vessel Standard EN 13445 provides in its part 3 (Design) a simplified method (Clause 17) and a detailed method for fatigue assessment (Clause 18). Clause 18 “Detailed Assessment of Fatigue Life” is under revision within the framework of the European working group CEN/TC 54/WG 53 - Design methods to reach a significant increase in user-friendliness and a clear guideline for the application. This paper is focused on the new informative annex NA “Instructions for structural stress oriented finite elements analyses using brick and shell elements”. As an essential amendment for the practical user the determination of structural stress ranges for fatigue assessment of welds is further specified in this new annex. Different application methods for the determination of structural stresses are explained in connection with the requirements for finite element models and analyses. This paper will give an overview of the proposed approaches of structural stress determination in annex NA of the revised EN 13445-3. It will present the results of fatigue analyses according to EN 13445-3 Clause 18 from a round robin test with participants of the German working group for different application examples. The estimated structural stress ranges for the proposed approaches of structural stress determination will be compared. This comparison leads to general remarks and open points for the different approaches. Furthermore it is concludes that further comparisons, e.g. with results of other pressure vessel design codes are desirable.
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Ismail, Hesham, and Balakumar Balachandran. "A Comparison of Feature Extraction Algorithms Based on Sonar Sensor Data." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62989.

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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a technique used to determine the location of a mobile vehicle in an unknown environment, while constructing a map of the unknown environment at the same time. Mobile platforms, which make use of SLAM algorithms, have industrial applications in autonomous maintenance, such as the inspection of flaws and defects in oil pipelines and storage tanks. An important component of SLAM is feature extraction, which is the process of detecting and extracting significant features such as corners, edges, and walls in an environment. Here, the use of sonars as sensors mounted on a mobile platform is examined, and a comparison of different algorithms currently in use is made and presented. This comparison is performed through a combination of experimental and numerical studies. The triangulation-based fusion algorithm is examined for point feature detection, and the standard Hough Transform and the triangulation Hough fusion (THF) are used for line detection. Comparisons are discussed and presented along with ongoing work.
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Gambini, Marco, and Michela Vellini. "Performance Optimization of Advanced Power Plants Based on Fossil Fuel Decarbonization Technologies." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22025.

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In this paper two options for H2 production, by means of fossil fuels, are presented and their performances are evaluated when they are integrated with advanced H2/air cycles. In this investigation two different schemes have been analyzed: an advanced combined cycle power plant (CC) and a new advanced mixed cycle power plant (AMC). The two methods for producing H2 are as follows: • partial oxidation of methane; • gasification of coal. These hydrogen production plants require material and energetic integrations with the power section and the best interconnections must be investigated in order to obtain good overall performance. With reference to thermodynamic and economic performance, significant comparisons have been made between the above mentioned reference plants. An efficiency decrease and an increase in the cost of electricity have been obtained when power plants are equipped with a fossil fuel decarbonization section. The main results of the performed investigation are quite variable among the different H2 production technologies here considered: the efficiency decreases in a range of 5.5 percentage points to nearly 10 for the partial oxidation of the natural gas and in a range of 6.2–6.4 percentage points for the coal gasification. The electricity production cost increases in a range of about 33–37% for the first option and in a range of about 24–32% for the second one. The clean use of coal seems to have very good potentiality because, in comparison with natural gas decarbonisation, it allows lower energy penalizations (about 6 percentage points) and lower economic increases (about 24% for the CC).
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Collier, William, Laurens Alblas, and Jiang Hai Wu. "A Comparison of Time Domain Seismic Analysis Methods for Offshore Wind Turbine Structures: Superelement Approach Versus Integrated Approach." In ASME 2021 3rd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2021-3552.

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Abstract Offshore wind structures are being designed for seismically active areas. Load calculations can be performed in an integrated way or using a superelement approach. This study aims to demonstrate that these two approaches can give equivalent results when earthquake excitations are included as an applied load in the superelement approach. Models of a generic 7MW wind turbine on a jacket support structure are defined in aeroelastic code Bladed and strength assessment software Sesam. Analysis is performed on the stand-alone jacket and support structure, and also including the rotor nacelle assembly. Load conditions of earthquakes, waves and wind are considered. Time domain results show that the superelement and integrated methods for modelling earthquake loading are equivalent in terms of the motions and loads at key points of the support structure. When the tower and RNA are included, an excellent match is seen for all studied variables: interface and tower top motions, loads at the interface and in the jacket, and displacements of jacket nodes. Analysis of the stand-alone jacket highlights differences in the approaches with regard to coupling of the hydrodynamic loading to the earthquake motion, which is absent in the superelement method. However, this does not appear to be significant for realistic cases including the tower and RNA.
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Reports on the topic "Comparison of significant points"

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Hotsur, Oksana. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND BLOGS AS TOOLS PR-CAMPAIGN IMPLEMENTATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11110.

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The article deals with the ways in which social networks and the blogosphere influence the formation and implementation of a PR campaign. Examples from the political sphere (election campaigns, initiatives), business (TV brands, traditional and online media) have revealed the opportunities that Facebook, Telegram, Twitter, YouTube and blogs promote in promoting advertising, ideas, campaigns, thoughts, or products. Author blogs created on special websites or online media may not be as much of a tool in PR as an additional tool on social media. It is noted that choosing a blog as the main tool of PR campaign has both positive and negative points. Social networks intervene in the sphere of human life, become a means of communication, promotion, branding. The effectiveness of social networks has been evidenced by such historically significant events as Brexit, the Arab Spring, and the Revolution of Dignity. Special attention was paid to the 2019 presidential election. Based on the analysis of individual PR campaigns, the reasons for successful and unsuccessful campaigns from the point of view of network communication, which provide unlimited multimedia and interactive tools for PR, are highlighted. In fact, these concepts significantly affect the effectiveness of the implementation of PR-campaign, its final effectiveness, which is determined by the achievement of goals. Attention is drawn to the culture of communication during the PR campaign, as well as the concepts of “trolls”, “trolling”, “bots”, “botoin industry”. The social communication component of these concepts is unconditional. Choosing a blog as the main tool of a marketing campaign has both positive and negative aspects. Only a person with great creative potential can run and create a blog. In addition, it takes a long time. In fact, these two points are losing compared to other internet marketing tools. Further research is interesting in two respects. First, a comparison of the dynamics of the effectiveness of PR-campaign tools in Ukraine in 2020 and in the past, in particular, at the dawn of state independence. Secondly, to investigate how/or the concept of PR-campaigns in social networks and blogs is constantly changing.
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McLean, William E. A Comparison of Visual Fields with Fixed and Moving Fixation Points. Volume II. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406933.

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Dell G. F. Comparison of on and off diagonal working points for the AGS separated function booster. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150420.

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Adriaanse, P. I., and W. H. J. Beltman. Comparison of pesticide concentrations at drinking water abstraction points in The Netherlands simulated by DROPLET version 1.2 and 1.3.2 model suites. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature & the Environment, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/434929.

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Dutra, Lauren M., James Nonnemaker, Nathaniel Taylor, Ashley Feld, Brian Bradfield, John Holloway, Edward (Chip) Hill, and Annice Kim. Visual Attention to Tobacco-Related Stimuli in a 3D Virtual Store. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0036.2005.

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We used eye tracking to measure visual attention to tobacco products and pro- and anti-tobacco advertisements (pro-ads and anti-ads) during a shopping task in a three-dimensional virtual convenience store. We used eye-tracking hardware to track the percentage of fixations (number of times the eye was essentially stationary; F) and dwell time (time spent looking at an object; DT) for several categories of objects and ads for 30 adult current cigarette smokers. We used Wald F-tests to compare fixations and dwell time across categories, adjusting comparisons of ads by the number of each type of ad. Overall, unadjusted for the number of each object, participants focused significantly greater attention on snacks and drinks and tobacco products than ads (all P<0.005). Adjusting for the number of each type of ad viewed, participants devoted significantly greater visual attention to pro-ads than anti-ads or ads unrelated to tobacco (P<0.001). Visual attention for anti-ads was significantly greater when the ads were placed on the store’s external walls or hung from the ceiling than when placed on the gas pump or floor (P<0.005). In a cluttered convenience store environment, anti-ads at the point of sale have to compete with many other stimuli. Restrictions on tobacco product displays and advertisements at the point of sale could reduce the stimuli that attract smokers’ attention away from anti-ads.
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Lines, Lisa M., Florence K. L. Tangka, Sonja Hoover, and Sujha Subramanian. People with Colorectal Cancer in SEER-Medicare: Part D Uptake, Costs, and Outcomes. RTI Press, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0037.2005.

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Limited information exists about enrollment in Part D prescription coverage by Medicare beneficiaries with cancer. Part D coverage may increase access to medicines. This study evaluated patterns of Part D uptake and costs and assessed the effects of coverage on hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) use among people with colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyzed Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries with at least 36 months of follow-up who were diagnosed with CRC at any point from January 2007 through December 2010, and a matched cohort of beneficiaries without cancer. Dual (Medicare/Medicaid) enrollees were excluded because they are automatically enrolled in Part D. Among beneficiaries with CRC (n=12,774), 39 percent had complete Part D coverage, defined as coverage in the diagnosis year and 2 subsequent years; the rate was 38 percent in the matched comparison cohort (P=.119). Among those with complete Part D coverage, there was no significant difference in annual prescription drug costs between people with CRC ($3,157, 95% confidence interval [CI]: $3,098–$3,216) and without ($3,113, 95% CI: $3,054–$3,172). Among people with CRC, odds of ED use ranged from unchanged to marginally higher for those with no or partial Part D coverage, (adjusted odds ratio: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00–1.18), compared with those with complete Part D coverage. Lack of continuous Part D coverage was associated with more ED use among Medicare FFS beneficiaries with CRC in 2007–2013. Among people with Part D coverage, prescription drug costs varied little between those with CRC and matched beneficiaries without cancer.
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Mudge, Christopher R., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Comparison of Generic and Proprietary Aquatic Herbicides for Control of Invasive Vegetation : Part 2. Emergent Plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39679.

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Aquatic herbicides are one of the most effective and widespread ways to manage nuisance vegetation in the US After the active ingredient is selected, often there are numerous proprietary and generic branded products to select from. To date, limited efforts have been made to compare the efficacy of brand name and generic herbicides head to head; therefore, at tot al of 20 mesocosm trials were conducted to evaluate various 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr products against alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), southern cattail (hereafter referred to as cattail, Typha domingensis Pers.), and creeping water primrose (hereafter referred as primrose, Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven). All active ingredients were applied to foliage at broadcast rates commonly used in applications to public waters. Proprietary and generic 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr were efficacious and provided 39 to 99% control of alligatorweed, cattail and primrose in 19 of the 20 trials. There were no significant differences i n product performance except glyphosate vs. alligatorweed (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Roundup Custom) and glyphosate vs. cattail (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Glyphosate 5.4). These results demonstrate under small -scale conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides provided similar control of emergent vegetation, regardless of active ingredient
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Paynter, Robin A., Celia Fiordalisi, Elizabeth Stoeger, Eileen Erinoff, Robin Featherstone, Christiane Voisin, and Gaelen P. Adam. A Prospective Comparison of Evidence Synthesis Search Strategies Developed With and Without Text-Mining Tools. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcmethodsprospectivecomparison.

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Background: In an era of explosive growth in biomedical evidence, improving systematic review (SR) search processes is increasingly critical. Text-mining tools (TMTs) are a potentially powerful resource to improve and streamline search strategy development. Two types of TMTs are especially of interest to searchers: word frequency (useful for identifying most used keyword terms, e.g., PubReminer) and clustering (visualizing common themes, e.g., Carrot2). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the benefits and trade-offs of searches with and without the use of TMTs for evidence synthesis products in real world settings. Specific questions included: (1) Do TMTs decrease the time spent developing search strategies? (2) How do TMTs affect the sensitivity and yield of searches? (3) Do TMTs identify groups of records that can be safely excluded in the search evaluation step? (4) Does the complexity of a systematic review topic affect TMT performance? In addition to quantitative data, we collected librarians' comments on their experiences using TMTs to explore when and how these new tools may be useful in systematic review search¬¬ creation. Methods: In this prospective comparative study, we included seven SR projects, and classified them into simple or complex topics. The project librarian used conventional “usual practice” (UP) methods to create the MEDLINE search strategy, while a paired TMT librarian simultaneously and independently created a search strategy using a variety of TMTs. TMT librarians could choose one or more freely available TMTs per category from a pre-selected list in each of three categories: (1) keyword/phrase tools: AntConc, PubReMiner; (2) subject term tools: MeSH on Demand, PubReMiner, Yale MeSH Analyzer; and (3) strategy evaluation tools: Carrot2, VOSviewer. We collected results from both MEDLINE searches (with and without TMTs), coded every citation’s origin (UP or TMT respectively), deduplicated them, and then sent the citation library to the review team for screening. When the draft report was submitted, we used the final list of included citations to calculate the sensitivity, precision, and number-needed-to-read for each search (with and without TMTs). Separately, we tracked the time spent on various aspects of search creation by each librarian. Simple and complex topics were analyzed separately to provide insight into whether TMTs could be more useful for one type of topic or another. Results: Across all reviews, UP searches seemed to perform better than TMT, but because of the small sample size, none of these differences was statistically significant. UP searches were slightly more sensitive (92% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 85–99%]) than TMT searches (84.9% [95% CI 74.4–95.4%]). The mean number-needed-to-read was 83 (SD 34) for UP and 90 (SD 68) for TMT. Keyword and subject term development using TMTs generally took less time than those developed using UP alone. The average total time was 12 hours (SD 8) to create a complete search strategy by UP librarians, and 5 hours (SD 2) for the TMT librarians. TMTs neither affected search evaluation time nor improved identification of exclusion concepts (irrelevant records) that can be safely removed from the search set. Conclusion: Across all reviews but one, TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches. For simple SR topics (i.e., single indication–single drug), TMT searches were slightly less sensitive, but reduced time spent in search design. For complex SR topics (e.g., multicomponent interventions), TMT searches were less sensitive than UP searches; nevertheless, in complex reviews, they identified unique eligible citations not found by the UP searches. TMT searches also reduced time spent in search strategy development. For all evidence synthesis types, TMT searches may be more efficient in reviews where comprehensiveness is not paramount, or as an adjunct to UP for evidence syntheses, because they can identify unique includable citations. If TMTs were easier to learn and use, their utility would be increased.
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9

Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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10

Ibáñez, Ana María, Sandra Rozo, and Maria J. Urbina. Forced Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002894.

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We examine the role of Venezuelan forced migration on the propagation of 15 infectious dis-eases in Colombia. For this purpose, we use rich municipal-monthly panel data. We exploit the fact that municipalities closer to the main migration entry points have a disproportionate ex-posure to infected migrants when the cumulative migration flows increase. We find that higher refugee inflows are associated with increments in the incidence of vaccine-preventable dis-eases, such as chickenpox and tuberculosis, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS and syphilis. However, we find no significant effects of migration on the propagation of vector-borne diseases. Contact with infected migrants upon arrival seems to be the main driving mechanism.
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