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Rogozińska, Marta. "Tilgungstendenzen in Konferenzvorträgen. Eine korpusbasierte Studie." Studia Linguistica 35 (March 29, 2017): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.35.11.
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Deletion trends in academic talks. A corpus-based analysisThe purpose of this paper is to describe some current deletion trends in modern spoken German. The study is based on orthographic transcriptions of academic talks made by German native speakers. The analysis has been conducted in order to show the most common phonetic reductions of the formal Standard German variety as used today in official situations in Germany. The linguistic data are taken from the GeWiss corpus, which is a comparative corpus of audio recordings and transcriptions of spoken academic languages German, Polish, English. The research organizations involved were the Herder Institute at the University of Leipzig, Wrocław University and Aston University in Birmingham.
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Nian, Zhaohao, and Štefan Chudý. "International comparative study of standards for new teacher's professional development." e-Pedagogium 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/epd.2022.003.
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Gondek, Anna, and Joanna Szczęk. "Zum semantischen Feld 'Defäkation' im Deutschen und Polnischen. Eine vergleichende Studie." Zagreber germanistische Beiträge 27 (2018): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/zgb.27.4.
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Schirinsky, Oleg. "THE EXERCISE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN GERMANY AND BELARUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Administrative law and process, no. 4 (27) (2019): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2019.4.08.
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Germany and Belarus are in a comparable position with regard to the religious landscape. Both countries have two large religious communities that decisively shape religious life. Relations between the state and the church also develop in a similar direction in both countries after the fall of the communist ideology and have the model of a cooperation relationship. Belarus as a young democracy, of course still needs time to get to European human rights standards, but Belarus can do well when it comes to ensuring freedom of religion. However, the article deals with the existing deficits in Belarusian administrative practice. Given that Belarus is still not a member of the Council of Europe and does not belong to the system of the European Convention on Human Rights, the case law of the European Court of Human Rights cannot be applied directly here. The legal practice of the mature German democratic state is therefore taken as a yardstick. According to the author of this article, the greatest need to catch up in Belarus compared to Germany is in the area of ensuring religious instruction in public schools and theology in higher education. In Belarus there is also a strict regulation for the establishment of new religious communities that do not belong to the four traditional denominations – Orthodox, Catholics, Jews and Muslims. In Germany, however, religious freedom applies indiscriminately to all religious communities. These and other differences are examined and compared in this article, which should contribute to a better understanding between Germany, the EU and the Council of Europe on the one hand and Belarus on the other. Although Belarus is not yet integrated into the pan-European institutional and legal area, the European perspective for the country does not have to be disregarded. Recently, intensive negotiations between Belarusian and European partners on the modalities of a possible accession of the Republic of Belarus to the Council of Europe have been conducted. Notably, Belarus has made two such applications for accession in recent years and considered the case law of the ECHR to be binding in some of the decisions of the Constitutional Court. The effective guarantee of religious freedom can bring Belarus even closer to Europe.
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Sjaggo, Ann-Charlotte. "Pitesamisk grammatik - en jämförande studie med lulesamiska." Samisk senters skriftserie, no. 20 (October 29, 2015): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/10.3591.
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The grammar book Pitesaami Grammar, a study in comparison to Lulesaami has been developed in the period 2011-2014 within the project "From coast to coast", which focuses on the encounters, environment and migration within the Pitesaami area on the Norwegian and Swedish sides of the border. The focus of the project has among other things been the comparative study between the Pite- and Lulesaami languages, aiming to produce a descriptive grammar of the Pitesaami, the result of which is this book. The Pitesaami – one of many varieties, or dialects, of the Saami language – is spoken today in the area of Arjeplog by only forty or so speakers. Pitesaami is a threatened language without any officially accepted orthography, but a proposed and well-functioning one exists today, very similar to the Lulesaami orthography and used in this study. The Pitesaami language, as well as Lulesaami, is characterized by consonant gradation. In addition, in inflected and conjugated words, even the vowels change according to specific rules presented in this study. Like other Saami dialects, Pitesaami is rich in forms but also very regular. There are nine personal forms within the verbal paradigm. Three of them, the dual forms (us two, you two, those two), are a rarity among current languages. Nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals are inflected into nine different cases. This study explains all these phenomena and clarifies the structure and grammatical rules of the Pite- and Lulesaami. This grammar aims to assist those who want to learn the language and should be regarded as part of a revitalization process. Combined with dictionaries, texts, sound-recordings and living speakers, this grammar will enable you to understand the construction of the language, so you can start practicing both to speak and write it.<p><br />Good luck with your Saami studies!</p>
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Havertz, Ralf. "The Right-wing Populist Party AfD in East and West Germany. A Comparative Study." Zeitschrift der Koreanisch-Deutschen Gesellschaft für Sozialwissenschaften 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.19032/zkdgs.2016.12.26.4.171.
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Máčalová, Jana. "Attitude Of Czech And Polish Pupils Toward different ethnic-cultural groups (Comparative Study)." e-Pedagogium 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/epd.2017.043.
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Chohan, Zahid H., and Syed K. A. Sherazi. "Spectral, Magnetic and Biological Studie on Some Bivalent 3d Metal Complexes of Hydrazine Derived Schiff-Base Ligands." Metal-Based Drugs 4, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1997.65.
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Metal(II) complexes of hydrazine derived Schiff-base ligands of the type M(L)2Cl2 where M = Co, Cu, Ni and Zn and L = L1 and L2 have been prepared and characterised by molar conductance, magnetic moment, elemental analysis and electronic, IR, H-NMR and C13 spectral data.The different modes of chelation of the ligands and their comparative biological properties against different bacterial species are reported.
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Landahl, Joakim. "Skolämnen och moralisk fostran: En komparativ studie av samhällskunskap och livskunskap." Nordic Journal of Educational History 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v2i2.55.
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School subjects and moral education: A comparative study of civics and life-skillsThis article is concerned with two school subjects that were introduced in Swedish schools during the 20th century: civics and life-skills. Drawing on textbooks in civics from the 1950s to the 1960s and textbooks in life-skills from the 2000s, the aim is to analyse and compare the morality conveyed in the respective school subjects during its introductory years. It is argued that civics and life-skills can be used to get a grip of differences between different historical contexts, since the two school subjects emerged in two different time periods. Civics emerged as a school subject for the comprehensive schools during the middle of the 20th century, and might therefore be labeled as a typically “modern” school subject, whereas life skills emerged in the late 1990s, and might therefore be labeled a “late modern” school subject. Given that these two school subjects emerge as novelties in two different time periods, they can be used to discuss how the meaning of moral education in schools is related to general social tendencies.
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Kudláček, Michal. "Physical activity and sports preferences of adolescents in the environmental context: A regional comparative study." Tělesná kultura 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/tk.2015.003.
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Dimakakos, Kotsis, Doufas, Pafiti-Condi, Tsiligiris, Antoniou, and Mourikis. "Resultate von Ballonangioplastie und Stenting nach Clips- und Nahtarteriestenosen: Eine experimentelle Studie." Vasa 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.29.1.35.
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Background: Comparative evaluation of balloon angioplasty following intravascular stenting after experimental stenoses caused by arterial reconstruction with vascular clips and conventional sutures. Materials and methods: A total of 24 arteriotomies were carried out at the carotid and common iliac arteries of pigs following a 10mm longitudinal arteriotomy and provocation of stenosis. Twelve of the arteries were reconstructed with vascular clips and 12 with conventional suture. Ultrasonography revealed stenosis fluctuating from 60–95% (PSV: 1.8–3.5 m/sec EDV: 1.3–1.47 m/sec PSV ratio > 3.5). After 8 weeks, following digital subtraction angiography, which revealed > 50% stenosis in all of the cases, balloon angioplasty followed by placement of intravascular stent was carried out. Results: All the angioplasties remained angiographically and macroscopically patent two months after without thrombus formation. Rupture during dilatation occurred in one of the sutured cases. Histologically no degenerative changes, necrosis or remarkable intimal thickness were observed in either method. Focal inflammatory reaction was seen in 2 sutured and in 1 clipped cases while intimal ulceration was observed in 2 sutured cases. All cases with clips presented an intact endothelial surface. Conclusion: Early experimental results suggested that arterial stenosis provoked by clipped reconstruction could be managed successfully by balloon angioplasty followed by placement of intravascular stent.
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Harbeck, Michaela, Stefanie Ritz-Timme, Inge Schröder, Manfred Oehmichen, and Nicole von Wurmb-Schwark. "Degradation of macromolecules: a comparative study on the diagenesis of DNA and proteins in human bone material." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 62, no. 4 (December 16, 2004): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/62/2004/387.
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Slavtscheva, Maria. "Die Bedeutung des Gelesenen: Eine komparatistische Studie über Rainer Maria Rilke und Marcel Proust." arcadia 54, no. 2 (November 7, 2019): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2019-0022.
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Abstract The article discusses the hierarchical model of readers’ types outlined by Marcel Proust in his essay “Journées de lecture” and reconstructs Rainer Maria Rilke’s poetics of reading in accordance with the poems “Der Lesende” and “Der Leser” as well as the thematic relevant parts of the novel Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge. Based on the conclusions made thereby, it draws attention to the possibilities arising from a comparative reading of the description of the scene in which the young Marcel reads in the garden of Combray from Proust’s Du côté de chez Swann, and Rilke’s poem “Hebend die Blicke vom Buch”. Moreover, it is shown that in this short but complex poem, the German poet fulfills the ideal of a unity of reading and writing emphasized by the French author. Combining the motive of looking away from the book typical of his prose and poetry with Proust’s typical motive of the memory of a certain read, Rilke brings into being a poetic picture of reading, which triggers both the memory and the reflection, and an image of a reader that reveals his own productive reception.
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Silva, Simone Campos, Leena Salminen, Imane Elonen, Pilar Fuster Linares, Maria Cassar, Elaine Haycock-Stuart, Terhi Saaranen, Dana Zrubcová, and Michael Ewers. "Nurse educator education in six European countries: a descriptive study / Ausbildung von Pflegepädagog/-innen in sechs europäischen Ländern – eine deskriptive Studie." International Journal of Health Professions 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijhp-2022-0006.
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Abstract Objectives Information on nurse educator education is scarce. The present study thus aims to provide an overview of the requirements for and standards of nurse educator education in six European countries in order to enable further reflection and promote discourse on the topic. Methods: A descriptive international cross-sectional comparative study was conducted across six European countries. Data were collected via an online questionnaire completed by experts in nurse educator education or in organisations with specialist knowledge about nurse educator preparation (n = 11). The data were analysed, compared, and condensed. Results The participating countries differ in terms of their educational requirements and the working environments they provide for nurse educators. Formal nurse educator education is available in three of the six countries. Furthermore, in the countries with formal education for nurse educators, differences exist in terms of the regulation and implementation of the education. The educational requirements of nurse educators in higher education are mostly not specific to nursing and are instead general requirements for professional (tertiary) or higher education. Conclusions The analysis reveals heterogeneous regulations, standards, and pathways in the education of nurse educators in the six different counties included in the study. Despite some formal and content-related similarities, no uniform picture of the educational requirements, programmes, or standards was identified. The results of this international comparative research confirm the need for further research that examines whether the education of nurse educators meets the global need both for skilled nurses and for more Europe-wide collaboration in nurse educator education.
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Ersel, Richard Paulinus, Roman Pauli, Petra Maria Gaum, and Jessica Lang. "Wiedereingliederung nach Depression – Eine vergleichende Studie mit Betriebsärztinnen und -ärzten sowie betroffenen Beschäftigten." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2023, no. 01 (December 23, 2022): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-245714.
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Sustainable return to work after depression – a comparative study among occupational physicians and affected employees Introduction: The number of sick days taken from work due to depression is steadily rising. A successful return to work (WE) is essential for sustainable reintegration. This study aims to identify factors to optimise WE and to investigate approaches for a sustainable WE after a depressive episode. Methods: Semi-structured expert interviews with senior occupational physicians (BÄ, n = 5) served to develop two surveys among BÄ (n = 180) and employees after a depressive episode (n = 192). Predictors of WE rating, workplace-based WE interventions and sustainable WE interventions were analysed using multiple hierarchical regression, chi-square difference and t-tests. Results: For BÄ, employee training on mental illness prevention was found to be the strongest predictor of overall WE rating, whereas understanding and appreciation in conversations and stigmatisation were the strongest predictors of overall WE rating by the employees. Compared to the employees, BÄ reported significantly more availability of workplace-based interventions. To prevent relapse, the employees prioritised sufficient time and financial security during the WE process more than BÄ. Conclusions: The study identified facilitating and hindering factors that can inform further research and practice to improve WE after depressive episodes. To redress the awareness gap about the availability of workplacebased interventions, regular contact between BÄ and employees is crucial. Several factors were considered to be of varying importance for relapse prevention by the two groups. Multiple perceptions and needs ought to be taken into account when planning the WE. Keywords: depression – return to work – sick leave – workplace – occupational medicine
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Betz, Daniela Simon. "Effektivität von topischem Oclacitinib mit und ohne Tacrolismus bei kaniner Keratoconjunctivitis sicca." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 47, no. 06 (December 2019): 458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1036-4274.
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Kravetz de Oliveira J, Williams DL, Bollmann C et al. Comparative efficacy of topical oclacitinib 0.1 % and tacrolimus 0.01 % in canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22: 633–643 Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) ist eine meist autoimmun bedingte Erkrankung des Hundes, die mit einer entzündlichen Infiltration und nachfolgender Atrophie der Tränendrüsen einhergeht. Hierdurch kommt es zu einer Reduktion der Tränenproduktion mit chronischer Entzündung des Auges und entsprechendem negativem Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität der Patienten. Ziel dieser Studie war, die Effektivität des Oclacitinib (ein für die Behandlung von allergiebedingtem Juckreiz zugelassener Januskinase-Inhibitor) allein oder in Kombination mit der klassischen immunmodulatorischen Therapie mit Tacrolismus zu untersuchen.
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Premusová, Jarmila, and Tomáš Sirovátka. "[On the Formation fo Long-term Unemployment in the Czech Republic. An evaluation of the results of a comparative study of three locatities." Czech Sociological Review 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.1996.32.1.07.
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Laux, Thomas. "Die Institutionalisierung von Lohngleichheitsrechten. Eine vergleichende Analyse von OECD Staaten." Zeitschrift für Soziologie 45, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2015-1023.
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Zusammenfassung:Lohngleichheitsrechte zielen auf die Verringerung geschlechtsspezifischer Lohnungleichheit ab. Sie liefern Standards, um Lohnungleichheit wahrzunehmen, und Mittel, um dagegen vorzugehen. Die Studie untersucht die Mechanismen der Institutionalisierung von Lohngleichheitsrechten und geht der Frage nach, warum und wie starke Lohngleichheitsrechte in OECD Staaten institutionalisiert wurden. Dazu werden Annahmen aus der Zivilgesellschafts- und Bewegungsforschung sowie des Weltkulturansatzes untersucht, denn Lohngleichheitsrechte wurden von Frauenbewegungen eingefordert und sind Gegenstand internationaler Abkommen. Die vergleichende Analyse erfolgt mit einer Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) und ermittelt zwei äquifinale Erklärungen: Hinreichend sind starke Frauenbewegungen in Kombination mit schwachen Gewerkschaften oder starke Gewerkschaften in Kombination mit einer mehrheitlichen Zustimmung zur Gleichstellung von Frauen in der Bevölkerung. Beide Erklärungen werden rekonstruiert und die relevanten Mechanismen, vor allem solche der Mobilisierung, herausgearbeitet.
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Jaroš, Filip. "Současné teorie sociálního rozumění na pozadí sporu a antropologickou diferenci." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 40, no. 1 (November 16, 2018): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2018.399.
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Th is study is inspired by the book Jak rozumíme druhým? Studie o sociálním rozumění a sdílení světa nejen u člověka (How do we understand others? On social understanding and sharing of the world in humans and other animals) by Petr Urban and pays attention to current discussions about social cognition, namely in the case of non-linguistic agents. Most prominent positions are held by the group of comparative psychologists led by M. Tomasello, stemming from the philosophers of collective intentionality, and the group around D. Leavens and K. Bard, which is related to an interactivist interpretation of social cognition. It is demonstrated that the differences in the results of empirical studies are based on the ontological commitments of individual research programs, coupled with their relation to the problem of anthropological difference. The study questions the possibility of choosing a suitable theory by the means of the philosophy of science. At the end, a reinterpretation of non-human social cognition on the basis of umwelt theory is brought out.
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Boeva, Luc. ""Yet another book on nationalism." Enkele recente bijdragen tot de theorievorming." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 72, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 68–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v72i1.15954.
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Deze bijdrage bespreekt aan de hand van een aantal recente publicaties drie thema's uit het actuele theoretisch debat rond nationalisme: de moderniteit van naties en nationalisme, nationale identiteit en de comparatieve methode. Over het eerste verscheen een boek dat een nieuwe, op historische bronnen gebaseerde, start voor de studie van het nationalisme wil betekenen, tegen het modernistisch paradigma in. Volgens auteur Caspar Hirschi ligt de oorsprong van nationalisme in de late Middeleeuwen, vroege vormen van nationalisme kwamen reeds tijdens de Renaissance voor en modern nationalisme kon enkel dergelijke mobiliserende kracht verwerven omdat het reeds lang aanwezig was in politiek, geleerdheid en kunst. Niet de aantrekkingskracht voor de massa was belangrijk, maar wel de nabijheid van de nationalisten tot de macht. Het identiteitsdebat wordt steeds meer gevoerd, maatschappelijk maar ook in verschillende wetenschappelijke disciplines. Zoals in de discursieve benadering door Ludo Beheydt van de culturele identiteit van de Nederlanden langs taal en kunst, of in de verzamelbundel rond de spanningsrelatie met het internationale en het lokale bij de nationale legitimering in België en Nederland tijdens de 19de eeuw, bij literatuur- en taalbeschouwing, de geschiedschrijving en de productie van 'eigen' literatuur. Ten slotte passeren enkele bijdragen rond de methodologie voor de vergelijkende studie van het nationalisme alsmede enkele recente toepassingen de revue.___________
"Yet another book on nationalism". Some recent contributions to the generation of theories
This contribution discusses three themes from the current theoretical debate about nationalism on the basis of a number of recent publications: the modernity of nations and nationalism, national identity and the comparative method. In reference to the first theme, a book was published that hopes to provide a new beginning for the study of nationalism, based on historical sources, and contrary to the modernist paradigm. According to the author Caspar Hirschi, the origin of nationalism dates from the late Middle Ages. Early forms of nationalism already existed during the Renaissance whilst modern nationalism was only able to acquire such a mobilising power because it had been present for such a long time in politics, erudition and art. What was important was not its attractiveness for the masses, but the nationalists’ proximity to power. The identity debate is taking place more and more frequently, in society as well as in several scientific disciplines. For instance, it is found in Ludo Beheydt’s discursive approach to the cultural identity of the Netherlands via language and art, or in the collected works about the field of tension between the international and local level for the national legitimation in Belgium and the Netherlands during the 19th century, in debates about literature and language, the historiography and the production of the ‘own’ literature. Finally, some contributions are reviewed about the methodology for the comparative study of nationalism as well as some recent applications thereof.
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Habjan, Jernej. "The First Slovenian Novel and the Literary World-System." Journal of World Literature 3, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00304009.
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Abstract The first Slovenian novel is yet to be read in a way that is both comparative and sociological. For while Slovenian studies treats the emergence of the Slovenian novel sociologically but not comparatively, comparative literature studies views it comparatively yet not sociologically. This gap can be filled by the perspective of the literary world-system. Moreover, this viewpoint can subtilize the thesis of Slovenian studies that the belatedness of the Slovenian novel is part of the belatedness of the Slovenian bourgeoisie as well as the comparatist thesis that the Slovenian novel became possible only after the end of the possibility of the traditional European novel. The world-systemic approach can grasp this belatedness as a social fact that speaks less of the Slovenian novel’s essence than of the structural relations between Slovenian culture and its European social environment.
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De Metsenaere, Machteld, and Sophie Bollen. "Schandelijke liefde. Sentimentele collaboratie en haar bestraffing in België na de Tweede Wereldoorlog." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 66, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 228–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v66i3.12557.
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In deze studie schetsen Machteld De Metsenaere en Sophie Bollen het profiel en de strafmaat van de vrouwelijke verdachten van collaboratie tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog in het algemeen en de 'sentimentele collaboratie' – de echte of vermeende omgang van vrouwen met Duitse soldaten – in het bijzonder (via haar boekbespreking van M. Diederichs' Wie geschoren wordt moet stilzitten. De omgang van Nederlandse meisjes met Duitse militairen in ditzelfde Wt-nummer opent Sophie Bollen daarenboven de mogelijkheid tot het ontwikkelen van een comparatieve visie op de vergelijkbare problematiek van collaboratie en repressie in Nederland, beschouwd vanuit het genderperspectief). De auteurs steunen hun studie op de strafdossiers van de opgesloten vrouwen in het interneringscentrum Gent-Wollestraat en anderzijds de epuratiedossiers van vrouwelijke werknemers van de Regie voor Telegrafie en Telefonie (RTT), een overheidsinstelling. Daardoor kunnen zij zich begeven op twee vooralsnog braakliggende studieterreinen: de strafrechtelijke behandeling van de vrouwen en de problematiek van de epuratie (de wegzuivering door de werkgevers, c.q. overheden).
________Shameful Love: Sentimental Collaboration and its punishment in Belgium after the Second World WarIn this study Machteld De Metsenaere and Sophie Bollen describe the profile and punishment of women accused of collaboration during the Second World War in general and of “sentimental collaboration” – the actual or alleged intercourse of women with German soldiers – in particular. (By means of her discussion of the book by M. Diederichs You have to sit still when you are being shaved. The intercourse of Dutch girls with German military in this same issue of Wt Sophie Bollen also provides the opportunity to develop a comparative vision on the comparable problem of collaboration and repression in the Netherlands, viewed from a gender perspective). The authors have based their study on the criminal records of the women confined in the internment centre in Gent-Wollestraat as well as the dossiers of the legal purge of women employees of the RTT (Radio, Telegraphy and Telephony Service), a public utility. This allows them to venture into two until now unexplored areas of study: the criminal prosecution of the women and the issue of the ‘épuration’ of employees (the purge by the employers casu quo the authorities).
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Rajneri, Eleonora, Peter Rott, and Jean-Sébastien Borghetti. "Remedies for Damage Caused by Vaccines: A Comparative Study of Four European Legal Systems." European Review of Private Law 26, Issue 1 (February 1, 2018): 57–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2018004.
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Abstract: Compensation for damage caused to patients by vaccination is an increasingly prominent issue given the important public health consideration of ensuring the highest possible take-up of vaccination. This study explores the approach to vaccine damage cases in four different European countries (France, Germany, Italy and the UK), examining the variety of different mechanisms for providing redress, including specific compensation funds, social security systems, the operation of orthodox regimes of tort law and product liability, as well as in certain jurisdictions bespoke legislation for healthcare products or pharmaceuticals. The authors then go on to examine the recent case law on this topic at a Member State and European level, focussing particularly on issues relating to the notion of defect and that of causation in vaccine damage cases. Zusammenfassung: Der Ersatz von Impfschäden gewinnt angesichts des Bestrebens, zur Sicherung der Volksgesundheit eine möglichst hohe Impfdichte zu erreichen, ständig an Bedeutung. Diese Studie untersucht die Herangehensweise an Impfschäden in vier EU-Mitgliedstaaten (Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien und Italien), indem sie die verschiedenen Mechanismen, den Geschädigten Ersatz zu verschaffen, analysiert, darunter spezielle Entschädigungsfonds, sozialrechtliche Instrumente, klassisches Delikts- und Produkthaftungsrecht und schließlich sektorspezifische Gesetzgebung. Zudem erörtern die Autoren die jüngste Rechtsprechung auf mitgliedstaatlicher wie auf EU-Ebene, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Fehlerbegriffs und der Kausalität in Impfschadensfällen. Résumé: La réparation des dommages causés par les vaccins est une question majeure, compte tenu notamment de l’objectif de santé publique visant à obtenir une couverture vaccinale aussi large que possible de la population. Cette étude s’intéresse à la manière dont sont appréhendés les dommages imputés aux vaccins dans quatre pays européens (l’Allemagne, la France, la Grande-Bretagne et l’Italie) et envisage différents mécanismes d’indemnisation, en particulier les fonds d’indemnisation, la sécurité sociale, les règles de droit commun de la responsabilité civile ainsi que les règles spéciales applicables aux produits de santé et aux médicaments dans certains pays. Les auteurs se penchent également sur la jurisprudence en la matière, au niveau national et européen, s’intéressant particulièrement à la notion de défaut et à la caractérisation du lien de causalité dans les affaires relatives aux dommages attribués aux vaccins.
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Mrugala, Viktoria, and Albert J. Augustin. "Das frühe Diabetische Makulaödem: Ein Indikator für schlechte postoperative Ergebnisse nach Katarakt Chirurgie bei Diabetikern. Die DICAT-II-Studie." Kompass Ophthalmologie 7, no. 4 (2021): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000520147.
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<b>Background:</b> The prospective DIabetes and CATaract Study II (DICAT II) was performed to characterise the risks of cataract surgery to the retinae of patients with early diabetic macular oedema (E-DMO). <b>Methods:</b> DICAT II was a prospective, comparative, multicentre, observational study involving six Italian clinics. Patients were aged ≥55 years, had type 1 or 2 diabetes with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography evidence of ESASO classification Early DMO. Group 1 eyes (78 eyes, 78 patients) underwent phacoemulsification-based cataract surgery. Group 2 eyes (65 eyes, 65 patients) had E-DMO and either clear media or had undergone uncomplicated cataract surgery ≥1 year previously. Central subfield thickness (CST) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were assessed in both groups. <b>Results:</b> The negative impact of surgery on CST was evident after the first postoperative week; CST peaked during the first month, then rapidly decreased. CST worsening ≥10 µm was observed in 63/78 eyes (80.7%) and 29/65 eyes (44.6%) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). CST worsening of ≥50 µm was observed in 51 eyes (65.4%) and 10 eyes (15.4%) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Mean CST worsening was lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 (38.6 ± 30.4 µm vs 85.5 ± 55.3 µm, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) with a lower BCVA loss (−2.6 ± 3.5 letters vs −8.2 ± 6.2 letters, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Higher glycaemic levels and HBA1c levels were significantly associated with the risk of >50 μm CST worsening in eyes from both groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> Early DMO is associated with poorer outcomes after cataract surgery and requires close pre- and postoperative monitoring.
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Nový, Michal, and Tomáš Katrňák. "Democratic maturity, external efficacy, and participation in elections: towards macro-micro interaction." Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft 44, no. 3 (August 11, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/ozp.274.vol44iss3.
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Dieser Artikel analysiert die Bedeutung des Alters einer Demokratie für die Erklärung von Wahlbeteiligung. Er schlägt vor, dass die demokratische Reife die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Stimmangabe nicht nur direkt beeinflussen könnte, sondern zugleich auch als Verstärker der Effekte von Prädiktoren auf der Individual-Ebene. Aus der Bandbreite der Variablen, die für eine Erhöhung oder Verringerung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der Stimmabgabe verantwortlich sein könnten, hebt diese Studie hervor, dass das politische Responsivitätsgefühl (externe Wirksamkeit) vom Alter einer Demokratie abhängen könnte. Der Zusammenhang zwischen demokratischer Reife und externer Wirksamkeit für die Erklärung von Wahlbeteiligung lässt sich theoretisch aus Aspekten des politischen Sozialisationsprozesses herleiten. Unsere Hypothese ist, dass mit steigendem Demokratiealter auch die positiven Effekte externer Wirksamkeit auf die Wahlbeteiligung zunehmen. Diese Vermutung wird mittels einer empirischen Analyse getestet, die auf Survey-Daten aus dem dritten Modul der Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) zurückgreift. Das Daten-Set besteht aus insgesamt 34.440 Befragten in 27 Ländern. Es wird eine logistische Regression verwendet (Mehrebenen-Analyse inklusive Interaktions-Analyse), um die Wirkung der uns interessierenden Variablen auf die Wahlbeteiligung (nach den Angaben der Befragten) abzuschätzen.
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Gabrielsen, Anja. "Hvordan kan en forskningstilnærming bidra til å vektlegge lærerens stemme ved studie av utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling?" Acta Didactica Norge 12, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.4803.
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I denne metodologistudien drøftes anvendelse av konstruktivistisk grounded theory på et datamateriale med intervjuer av lærere med erfaring i utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling (UBU). Siden flere studier peker på et gap mellom målene for UBU og hva som foregår i skolene, kan en tilnærming hvor lærernes stemmer vektlegges gi et viktig bidrag inn i forskningsfeltet. Både datainnsamling med semi-strukturerte intervju og den innledende kodingen bidro til å løfte fram lærernes perspektiv, mens den fokuserte kodingen ble tydeligere preget av forskerens valg, og i sterkere grad gjenspeiler forskerens stemme. Samtidig bidrar den konstant komparative analysen mellom rådata, koder og kategorier til å holde tolkningene nær opp til det som kom fram i intervjuene. Det omfattende kvalitative datamaterialet reduseres og kategoriseres gjennom analyseprosess¬ene, og sentrale kategorier ses i sammenheng som et begynnende rammeverk for videre praksisnær forskning og utvikling. I Stortingsmelding 28 om fornyelse av Kunnskapsløftet vektlegges både opplæringssystemets ansvar for å gi elevene kompetanse for en bærekraftig utvikling og et utviklingsorientert lærerkollegium som reflekterer over forskningsbasert kunnskap kombinert med erfaringer fra egen praksis (Meld. St. 28, 2015–2016). Denne artikkelen viser hvordan en forskningstilnærming kan bidra til å framskaffe kunnskap med utgangspunkt i praksis, innenfor et nytt satsingsområde i skolen.Nøkkelord: forskning på praksis, konstruktivistisk grounded theory, utdanning for bærekraftig utviklingEmphasizing the teacher’s voice through a research approach in education for sustainable developmentAbstractThis study of methodology discusses an application of constructivist grounded theory on data from interviews with teachers experienced in education for sustainable development (ESD). Since several studies indicate a gap between the objectives of ESD and its implementation in schools, an approach where the teachers’ voice is emphasized could make an important contribution to this field of research. The data collection with semi-structured interviews and the initial coding both helped maintaining a focus on the teachers’ perspective, while the focused coding was a process clearly marked by the researcher’s choices. At the same time, the constant comparative analysis of the raw data, codes and cate¬gories keeps the interpretations close to the information in the interviews. The comprehensive qualitative data is reduced and systematized through the processes of analysis, in which key categories are seen in context as an initial framework for further research and development of practice. In White Paper no 28 concerning the renewal of the national curriculum, the government emphasizes the educational system’s responsibility to provide students with competences for a sustainable development, together with a development-oriented teacher staff able to reflect on research-based knowledge in combination with experiences from their own practice (Meld. St. 28, 2015–2016). This article indicates ways in which a research approach can contribute to knowledge production based on practice, within a new focus area in school.Keywords: research on practice, constructivist grounded theory, education for sustainable development
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Durst, Karsten, and Mathias Göken. "Quantitative Gefügechararakterisierung mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie und Elektronenmikroskopie — Eine vergleichende Studie der Superlegierung Waspaloy / Quantitative Microstructural Characterisation by Atomic Force Microscopy and Electron Microscopy -— A Comparative Study on the Superalloy Waspaloy." Practical Metallography 38, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2001-380405.
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Swerts, Kasper. "Profeten, psalmisten en onruststokers. Hans Kohn (1891-1971) over het Vlaamse nationalisme." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 78, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v78i4.15779.
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Dit artikel werpt nieuw licht op het leven en werk van de Praagse historicus Hans Kohn (1891-1971) en zijn studie over het nationalisme in de Lage Landen, in het bijzonder het Vlaams nationalisme. Het traceert de invloed van de zionistische filosoof Martin Buber (1878-1965) op Kohns studie van het nationalisme. Buber onderscheidde drie ideaaltypes – profeten, psalmisten en koningen – die Kohn zou hanteren om zijn vergelijkende studies van het nationalisme te ondersteunen. Kohn paste deze types ook toe op de Vlaamse casus, wat tot een opvallende interpretatie van het Vlaams nationalisme, en de Vlaamse beweging in haar geheel zou leiden. Kohn stelde immers dat het Vlaams nationalisme een succesvolle nationale beweging was omdat ze streefde naar een harmonie in het Belgische staatsbestel. Via de drie ideaaltypes belichtte Kohn voornamelijk dichters, schrijvers en politici die ijverden voor harmonie en eenheid, en bestempelde nationalisten die pleitten voor een onafhankelijke Vlaamse natie als nefaste onruststokers. Ondanks de duidelijke tekortkomingen in Kohns analyse van de Vlaamse casus, noopt het werk van de Praagse historicus ons echter nog steeds tot reflectie over het nationalisme, en blijft hij ook nu nog relevant voor het onderzoek naar het nationalisme, zowel in Vlaanderen als elders._________
Prophets, Psalmists and Agitators. Hans Kohn (1891-1971) on Flemish nationalism
This article shines new light on the life and work of the Prague historian Hans Kohn (1891-1971), on his study of nationalism in the Low Countries, and in particular on Flemish nationalism. The article traces the influence of the Zionist philosopher Martin Buber (1878-1965) on Kohn’s analysis of nationalism. Buber discerned three ideal types – prophets, psalmists and kings – which Kohn would rely upon when studying nationalism from a comparative perspective. Kohn would use these types when analysing the Flemish case, resulting in a peculiar interpretation of Flemish nationalism and the Flemish movement in general. Kohn argued that Flemish nationalism constituted a successful national movement precisely because it vied for harmony with the Belgian state. Via the three ideal types Kohn primarily highlighted poets, writers and politicians who strove for unity and harmony, whilst simultaneously branding nationalists that pursued an independent Flemish nation as pernicious agitators. While Kohn’s analysis did contain clear shortcomings, the Prague historian’s peculiar analysis of the Flemish case still compels us to reflect on nationalism, highlighting Kohn’s continued relevance for the study of nationalism, in Flanders and elsewhere.
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Swerts, Kasper. "Profeten, psalmisten en onruststokers. Hans Kohn (1891-1971) over het Vlaamse nationalisme." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 78, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v78i4.15779.
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Dit artikel werpt nieuw licht op het leven en werk van de Praagse historicus Hans Kohn (1891-1971) en zijn studie over het nationalisme in de Lage Landen, in het bijzonder het Vlaams nationalisme. Het traceert de invloed van de zionistische filosoof Martin Buber (1878-1965) op Kohns studie van het nationalisme. Buber onderscheidde drie ideaaltypes – profeten, psalmisten en koningen – die Kohn zou hanteren om zijn vergelijkende studies van het nationalisme te ondersteunen. Kohn paste deze types ook toe op de Vlaamse casus, wat tot een opvallende interpretatie van het Vlaams nationalisme, en de Vlaamse beweging in haar geheel zou leiden. Kohn stelde immers dat het Vlaams nationalisme een succesvolle nationale beweging was omdat ze streefde naar een harmonie in het Belgische staatsbestel. Via de drie ideaaltypes belichtte Kohn voornamelijk dichters, schrijvers en politici die ijverden voor harmonie en eenheid, en bestempelde nationalisten die pleitten voor een onafhankelijke Vlaamse natie als nefaste onruststokers. Ondanks de duidelijke tekortkomingen in Kohns analyse van de Vlaamse casus, noopt het werk van de Praagse historicus ons echter nog steeds tot reflectie over het nationalisme, en blijft hij ook nu nog relevant voor het onderzoek naar het nationalisme, zowel in Vlaanderen als elders._________
Prophets, Psalmists and Agitators. Hans Kohn (1891-1971) on Flemish nationalism
This article shines new light on the life and work of the Prague historian Hans Kohn (1891-1971), on his study of nationalism in the Low Countries, and in particular on Flemish nationalism. The article traces the influence of the Zionist philosopher Martin Buber (1878-1965) on Kohn’s analysis of nationalism. Buber discerned three ideal types – prophets, psalmists and kings – which Kohn would rely upon when studying nationalism from a comparative perspective. Kohn would use these types when analysing the Flemish case, resulting in a peculiar interpretation of Flemish nationalism and the Flemish movement in general. Kohn argued that Flemish nationalism constituted a successful national movement precisely because it vied for harmony with the Belgian state. Via the three ideal types Kohn primarily highlighted poets, writers and politicians who strove for unity and harmony, whilst simultaneously branding nationalists that pursued an independent Flemish nation as pernicious agitators. While Kohn’s analysis did contain clear shortcomings, the Prague historian’s peculiar analysis of the Flemish case still compels us to reflect on nationalism, highlighting Kohn’s continued relevance for the study of nationalism, in Flanders and elsewhere.
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Zartman, I. William. "Comparative Case Studies." International Negotiation 10, no. 1 (2005): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806054741137.
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AbstractCase studies embody a deep knowledge of the subject and can be used to test or generate theoretical propositions for explaining negotiated outcomes. Their value is increased when they are employed comparatively, using a number of instances of negotiation – flawed or successful – in the same conflict or problem or a number of negotiations of different conflicts. While it might appear that statistical studies of large numbers of cases would be even more advantageous, these studies tend to lose the feel and understanding that comparative cases can command. Thus, comparative case studies lie at the crossroads of reality and theory; they present their evidence through the eyes of a knowledgeable specialist and they test it against the hypothetical constructs of a creative conceptualist. The challenge is as high as the payoffs.
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Musurmankulova, Madina Nosirovna, Djamshid Berdimurotovich Boymirzayev, and Djahongir Musulmonovich Norbadalov. "HISTORY OF COMPARATIVE DIALECT STUDIES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 06 (June 28, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-06-12.
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This article discusses the dialect system of the Russian and Uzbek languages in a comparative aspect. Studying the dialect system of the Russian and Uzbek languages in a comparative aspect makes it possible to create a comparative dialectological competence. This article is devoted to the creation of dialectological competence at the comparative level of different languages. In long-distance areas dialects, dialect systems and folklore still exist. Improving the system of comparative dialect competence of the Russian and Uzbek languages at present can give a methodical direction to students of the national group. A competent approach to the study of the dialect system develops the knowledge of future Russian language teachers in national schools. Dialect words in both the Uzbek language and the Russian language are considered in a semantic aspect.
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Migge, Bettina. "The origin of the copulas (d/n)a and de in the Eastern Maroon Creole." Diachronica 19, no. 1 (October 22, 2002): 81–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.19.1.04mig.
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Summary It is generally assumed that the copulas (d/n)a and de in the creoles of Suriname emerged due to processes of reanalysis and grammaticalization from that and there, respectively. While Arends (1989) argued that these processes were triggered and guided by substrate influence, McWhorter (1997a) explicitly excludes such influence. Neither of the two studies is conclusive, however, since they did not examine in sufficient detail relevant data from the primary substrate input. The aim of the present study is to fill this gap by exploring in detail the copular domain in the Eastern Maroon Creole (EMC), a conservative descendant of the early Suriname Creole, and its main input languages, the varieties of Gbe and Kikongo. The comparative analysis reveals close similarities between the three languages. When combined with findings from diachronic research (Arends 1986, 1989), these finding suggests that the overall make-up of the copular domain emerged due to influence from the primary substrate input, particularly from Gbe. The main functional and distributional properties of (d/n)a were modeled on the demonstrative pronoun that functioning as a resumptive pronoun in non-native varieties of English and on the focus markers in the substrate languages. Those of de were based on the non-nominal copulas in the substrate varieties and on the locative adverb there in existential construction. Subsequent to their emergence, they were affected by language-internal change. Résumé On accepte en général lidée que les copules (d/n)a et de dans les créoles du Suriname se sont développées à la suite dun processus de réanalyse et de grammaticalisation du pronom démonstratif anglais that et de ladverbe locatif there. Arends (1989) propose que ces processus ont été provoqués et guidés par le substrat principal du créole. Par contre, McWhorter (1997a) nie que le substrat ait influencé lémergence des deux copules. Les résultats de ces deux études ne sont probablement pas tout à fait définitifs, vu que leurs analyses du substrat nétaient pas suffisamment détaillées. Le but de cette étude est danalyser lorigine de (d/n)a et de en faisant une analyse comparative détaillée de la prédication en Eastern Maroon Creole (EMC), un descendant du créole ancien du Suriname, et dans le substrat principal de ce créole ancien, notamment les variétés de la langue gbe et de la langue kikongo. Lenquête montre quil y a des ressemblances importantes entre les trois langues. En conjonction avec les données diachroniques (Arends 1986, 1989), les résultats de létude comparative montrent que lorganisation structurelle de la prédication dans les créoles surinamien est calquée sur celle du substrat, essentiellement les langues gbe. Les propriétés fonctionnelles et distributives de (d/n)a sont dues au pronom démonstratif anglais that dans sa fonction comme marqueur demphase dans les variétés danglais seconde langue et les particules demphase dans les variétés de gbe et de kikongo. Celles de de sont dues à celles de la copule non-nominale dans les langue du substrat et de ladverbe locatif there. Après leur émergence ces éléments ont été modifiés par des processus de changement langagier ne mettant pas en cause le substrat. Zusammenfassung Es wird generell angenommen, dass sich die Kopulas (d/n)a und de in den Kreolsprachen von Suriname durch Reanalyse- und Grammatikalisierungsprozesse von dem englischen Demonstrativpronomen that und dem Adverb there her entwickelt haben. Arends (1989) argumentiert, dass diese Prozesse durch Substrateinflüsse in Gang gesetzt und geleitet worden sind, wohingegen McWhorter (1997a) die Beteiligung von Substrateinflüssen explizit ausschließt. Die Ergebnisse dieser beiden Studien können jedoch nicht als abschließend betrachtet werden, da sie auf einer nicht sehr detaillierten Analyse der Substratsprachen basieren. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es daher, durch einen Vergleich der Kopuladomäne im Eastern Maroon Creole (EMC), eine konservative Tochtersprache des frühen Plantagenkreols von Suriname, und den Hauptsubstratsprachen, Varietäten des Gbe und Kikongo, den Ursprung der Kopuladomäne in den surinamesischen Kreols erneut zu untersuchen. Die komparative Analyse zeigt, dass signifikante Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Kopulasystemen der drei Sprachen bestehen. Kombiniert mit den Ergebnissen einer diachronen Studie (Arends 1986, 1989), deuten diese Ähnlichkeiten darauf hin, dass die Struktur der prädikativen Konstruktionen durch den Einfluss der Substratsprachen, insbesondere des Gbe, entstanden sind. Die funktionellen und distributionellen Charakteristika von (d/n)a basieren auf denen des Demonstrativpronomens that in seiner Funktion als Fokusmarker in Zweitsprachvarietäten des Englischen und denen der Fokusmarker in den Substratsprachen. Die Charakteristika von de basieren auf denen der nicht-nominalen Kopula in den Substratsprachen und dem Adverb there. Einige wenige Charakteristika von (d/n)a und de entstanden durch sprachinternen Wandel.
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Ansorge, Libor, Pavel Vojtko, Veronika Hamanová, Jakub Hrubý, and Martin Dočkal. "Srovnání vodní stopy VE Fláje a VE Přísečnice s uvažováním alokace podle ekonomické hodnoty užitků vodní nádrže." Entecho 3, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35933/entecho.2020.005.
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CZ: V předloženém článku je popsána srovnávací studie vodní stopy elektrické energie vyráběné ve dvou vodních elektrárnách provozovaných státním podnikem Povodí Ohře na vodárenských nádržích Přísečnice a Fláje v Krušných horách. Pro výpočet vodní stopy byla použita metoda hrubé spotřeby, která uvažuje ztráty vody z nádrže na úrovni výparu z hladiny. Protože výroba elektrické energie na vodárenské nádrži je jen doplňkovým užitkem, který poskytuje vodní nádrž, bylo třeba rozdělit ztráty vody z nádrže mezi jednotlivé užitky poskytované vodní nádrží. Pro alokaci ztrát výparem mezi jednotlivé užitky byla použita alokace na základě ekonomické hodnoty jednotlivých užitků. Ztráty vody alokované na výrobu elektrické energie představují méně než 1 % celkových ztrát. Studie ukázala, že vodní stopa elektrické energie vyráběné ve vodní elektrárně Přísečnice je cca dvakrát větší než vodní stopa elektrické energie vyráběné ve vodní elektrárně Fláje, zejména z důvodu rozdílné morfologie obou nádrží. Hodnota vodní stopy elektrické energie vyrobené v obou posuzovaných elektrárnách je srovnatelná s literárními údaji o vodní stopě vodních elektráren z ČR i světa. EN: The submitted article describes a comparative study of the water footprint of electricity produced in two hydroelectric plants operated by Povodí Ohře, a state enterprise, on the water reservoirs of Přísečnice and Fláje in the Ore Mountains. A gross consumption method was used to calculate the water footprint, which considers water losses from the reservoir at the level of the evaporation from the water surface. Since electricity generation on the water tank is only an additional purpose provided by the water tank, it was necessary to divide the water losses from the reservoir among the various purposes provided by the reservoir. Allocation based on the economic value of the individual purpose was used to allocate losses by evaporation to individual purposes. Water losses allocated to power generation account for less than 1% of total losses. The study showed that the water footprint of the electricity produced in the Přísečnice hydropower station is about 2 times larger than the water footprint produced in the Fláje hydropower station, mainly due to the different morphology of the two reservoirs. The water footprint value of the electricity produced in two hydropower stations assessed is comparable to literary data on the water footprint of hydroelectric power plants from the Czech Republic and the world.
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Sadowski, Witold. "Comparative Studies: Comparative Criticism." Tekstualia 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6129.
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The article explores the difference between the category of tertium comparationis and a C-fi eld. The C-fi eld can be involved in different aspects of the analysis, for example the fi eld of one discipline (e.g. models of literary genres). The letter as genre exemplifi es the presence of hidden connections between its literary, administrative and pastoral forms. The method appears to be especially useful in the reconstructions of past phenomena (works, movements, periods etc.).
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R, Manikannan. "Folktales of Tamil Nadu and the Grimm brothers’ folktales - A comparison." International Research Journal of Tamil 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt2046.
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Efforts to assess tamil culture on a global scale have been made through classical literature. More new information and results will be revealed when we evaluate the original oral works on the global platform than the classical classics that have the elements of verbal literature. Although tamil comparative studies have been carried out in a wide range of different types and versatile languages, the fields of comparative research in ancient languages like Tamil are emerging. The stories in the Tamil nadu folk lore published by Dr. Ramanathan and the folklore of The German and Ireland published by the Grim brothers have been comparatively studied.
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Li, Beilei. "作为学科的比较艺术学." Ethnic Arts Studies 29, no. 2 (April 28, 2016): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21004/issn.1003-840x.2016.02.103.
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Akhmedova, Aziza Komilovna. "COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: EAST AND WEST STUDIES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-09-03.
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The article analyzes the results of the research on the representation of the aesthetic ideal through the image of the ideal hero in two national literatures. For research purposes, attention was paid to highlighting the category of the ideal hero as an expression of the author's aesthetic views. In Sinclair Lewis’s “Arrowsmith” and Pirimkul Kodirov's “The Three Roots”, the protagonists artistically reflect the authors' views on truth, virtue, and beauty. In these novels, professional ethics is described as a high noble value. The scientific novelty of the research work includes the following: in the evolution of western and eastern poetic thought, in the context of the novel genre, the skill, common and distinctive aspects of the creation of an ideal hero were revealed by synthesis of effective methods in world science with literary criteria in the history of eastern and western literary studies, in the example of Sinclair Lewis and Pirimkul Kodirov.
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Akhmedova, Aziza Komilovna. "COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: EAST AND WEST STUDIES." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-09-03.
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The article analyzes the results of the research on the representation of the aesthetic ideal through the image of the ideal hero in two national literatures. For research purposes, attention was paid to highlighting the category of the ideal hero as an expression of the author's aesthetic views. In Sinclair Lewis’s “Arrowsmith” and Pirimkul Kodirov's “The Three Roots”, the protagonists artistically reflect the authors' views on truth, virtue, and beauty. In these novels, professional ethics is described as a high noble value. The scientific novelty of the research work includes the following: in the evolution of western and eastern poetic thought, in the context of the novel genre, the skill, common and distinctive aspects of the creation of an ideal hero were revealed by synthesis of effective methods in world science with literary criteria in the history of eastern and western literary studies, in the example of Sinclair Lewis and Pirimkul Kodirov.
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Klette, Kirsti, Karen Hammerness, and Inga Staal Jenset. "Established and evolving ways of linking to practice in teacher education: Findings from an international study of the enactment of practice in teacher education." Acta Didactica Norge 11, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.4730.
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AbstractWorldwide, teacher educators and policymakers call for teacher preparation that is more deeply linked to practice. Yet, we know little about how such linkages are achieved within different international programs. We examine the degree to which programs provide opportunities to learn that are grounded in practice. We report on survey data (n = 486 teacher candidates) from five pro-grams in Finland, Norway, California, Chile, and Cuba, and observation data from the methods courses (n = 104 hours) in six programs in Finland, Norway, and California. Using an analytical framework decomposing the conception of ‘opportunities that are grounded in practice’ in teacher education, this article provides evidence regarding the successes—and challenges—concerning incorporating practice in teacher education. These findings suggest that some ways of linking to practice in teacher education seem to be established, while others are still evolving.Keywords: teacher education, practice, coursework, comparative research Delvis etablert, delvis i utvikling: Funn fra en internasjonal studie om koblinger til praksis i lærerutdanningenSammendragLærerutdannere og politikere over hele verden etterlyser en mer praksisbasert lærerutdanning med tydelige koblinger til praksis. Likevel vet vi lite om hvordan slike koblinger ser ut i ulike lærerutdanningsprogram internasjonalt. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi i hvilken grad ulike lærerutdanningsprogram tilbyr studentene praksisbaserte læringsmuligheter. Studien bygger på survey data (n = 486 lærerstudenter) fra fem lærerutdanningsprogram i Finland, Norge, California, Chile og Cuba, og observasjonsdata fra fagdidaktikkurs (n = 104 timer) i seks program i Finland, Norge og California. Ved hjelp av et analytisk rammeverk som operasjonaliserer konseptet ‘praksisbaserte læringsmuligheter’, viser denne artikkelen til suksesser – og utfordringer – med å innlemme praksis i lærerutdanningen. Funnene indikerer at det finnes etablerte måter å koble til praksis på i lærerutdanningen, mens andre fremdeles er i utvikling.Nøkkelord: lærerutdanning, praksis, undervisning på campus, komparativt design
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Bayat, Asef. "Studying Middle Eastern Societies: Imperatives and Modalities of Thinking Comparatively." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 35, no. 2 (2001): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400043315.
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Current debates about the status of middle east studies are informed by an assumption that separates ‘area studies’ from ‘global studies,’ and ‘area specialization’ from disciplinary or theoretical orientation. Arguing against such separation, I propose that a resort to comparative perspectives may help bridge the divide. To this end, I discuss imperatives and modalities of thinking comparatively in the context of the Middle East, and their implications for bringing other areas into comparative inquiries. Focusing on illustrations from Middle East social studies, I attempt to think through my own, albeit limited, experience of comparative research within the Middle East region.
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Scheel, Roland. "Scandinavian Studies in Germany." Humanities 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11040084.
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Scandinavian Studies in Germany are usually conceived of as comparative literary and cultural studies, encompassing the historical and current spaces where Northern Germanic languages were or are spoken. The article focuses on the current situation of Medieval Scandinavian Studies—one of the three branches of the discipline—in the German-speaking area, explaining their comparatively strong institutional position as a result of the long and peculiar history of the research and its entanglements with political ideology. Against this background, an overview is presented of the present research projects, and current structural and political problems, as well as challenges for the future are discussed.
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胡, 文祥. "Comparative Studies and Comparative Chemistry." Journal of Comparative Chemistry 01, no. 01 (2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/cc.2017.11004.
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Michael, Oliver, Paul Rosemann, Thorsten Halle, and Sebastian Dieck. "Material-property correlations for a high-alloy special steel." Practical Metallography 59, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2022-0007.
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Abstract Using the example of the high-alloy austenitic steel 1.4828 (X15CrNiSi20-12), which is typically used for high-temperature applications, this paper will demonstrate how the performance characteristics of semi-finished products are impacted by the condition of a material after production and processing. For this purpose, samples of a cost-effective as-cast condition and a comparatively expensive as-forged condition were studied in a comparative approach. The microstructure was examined by means of light optical as well as scanning electron microscopy, hardness values were determined, and the corrosion behavior was characterized by electrochemical investigations. The comparative studies show that despite an almost identical chemical composition, both the as-fabricated and as-processed conditions of a material have a decisive impact on the performance characteristics, particularly on corrosion behavior.
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Vannini, P., E. M. Difonzo, C. I. Cordaro, A. Sartani, and E. Panconesi. "New Therapeutic Approach in Skin Mycoses: A Comparative Trial Once Versus Twice Daily Applications of Fenticonazole in Comparison to Miconazole/Neuer Therapieansatz bei Hautmykosen: Studie über die tägliche Einmal- und Zweimal-anwendung von Fenticonazol i." Mycoses 31, no. 5 (April 24, 2009): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1988.tb03987.x.
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Zelenka, Miloš. "CZECH-SLOVAK COMPARATIVE STUDIES “REBORN”. A NEW ASSOCIATION ON THE WAY." Porównania 18 (December 2, 2016): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/p.2016.18.10723.
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The paper conveys information on the current state of Czech and Slovak comparatist thought as regards its methods, thematical orientation and institutional base. Czech and Slovak comparative research has always been a complementary whole embracing, on the one hand, the tradition of Slavonic studies grounded in structural aesthetics (S. Wollman) and, on the other, the endeavour to develop the theory of interliterarines and interdisciplinary study of the world literature (D. Ďurišin). Much to our regret, the disruption of this “symbiosis” at the turn of 1990s resulted in losing contacts with the rest of the world. Therefore the prime objective of the newly established Czech-Slovak Association of Comparative Literature, based in the Institute for World Literature SAV, Bratislava, is to encourage Czech and Slovak literary research. The constitutive members of this association already in 2013 participated in the 20th World Congress of Comparative Literature in Paris (AILC/ICLA) so as to present the English version of their World Literature Studies journal under the title Comparative Literary Studies as Cultural Criticism. The first joint conference of Czech and Slovak comparatists (Slavica Litteraria 18, 2015, No. 1) was held in Bratislava in February 2015. For our next event, the 21st AILC Congress in Paris 2016, Czech and Slovak scholars, together with their foreign colleagues, have prepared a joint panel presentation Old and New Concepts of Comparative Literature in the Globalized World. Convinced that theoretical and methodological discourse is carried on in various languages and power stands, present-day Czech and Slovak comparative research, while following the pillar traditions of the past, espouses modern inspirations that obviously relinquish historical poetics and the theory of interliterariness, bound for exploring new cultural identities, post-colonial and area studies.
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Tambovtseva, Svetlana. "VseiaSvetnaia Gramota: Kabbalistic Hermeneutics and Utopian Comparative Studies." State Religion and Church 6, no. 2 (2019): 50–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2311-3448-2019-6-2-50-73.
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Bartlett, Lesley, and Frances Vavrus. "Comparative Case Studies." Educação & Realidade 42, no. 3 (July 2017): 899–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-623668636.
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Abstract: What is a case study and what is it good for? In this article, we review dominant approaches to case study research and point out their limitations. Next, we propose a new approach - the comparative case study approach - that attends simultaneously to global, national, and local dimensions of case-based research. We contend that new approaches are necessitated by conceptual shifts in the social sciences, specifically in relation to culture, context, space, place, and comparison itself.
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Southern, Patricia. "Comparative Frontier Studies." Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal, no. 1991 (April 1, 1993): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/trac1991_147_154.
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Bauer, Roger. "Comparative Literary Studies." Arbitrium 3, no. 1 (January 1986): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arbi.1986.3.1.242.
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Weaver, J. E. "Comparative Development Studies." Comparative Economic Studies 35, no. 2 (July 1993): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ces.1993.13.
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