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Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative History of Law'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Comparative History of Law"

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Gross, Ariela J. "Race, Law, and Comparative History." Law and History Review 29, no. 2 (May 2011): 549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248011000083.

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What are we comparing when we compare law and race across cultures? This was once an easier question to answer. If we take “races” to be real categories existing in the world, then we can compare “race relations” and “racial classifications” in different legal systems, and measure the impact of different legal systems on the salience of racial distinction and the level of racial hierarchy in a given society. That was the approach of the leading comparativist scholars at mid-century. Frank Tannenbaum and Carl Degler compared race relations in the United States and Latin America, drawing heavily on legal sources regarding racial definition, manumission of slaves, and marriage. They were studying relations between “white people” and “Negroes,” as well as the possibility of an intermediate class of “mulattoes.” But once we understand race itself to be produced by relations of domination, through several powerful discourses of which law is one, we are up against a more formidable challenge. We must compare the interaction of two things—legal processes and ideologies of race—in systems in which neither is likely to have a stable or equivalent meaning. Because “law” is likewise no longer as clear-cut a category as it once was; in addition to the formal law of statute books and common law appellate opinions, we now understand “law” to encompass a broad set of institutions, discourses, and processes produced by a larger cast of characters than solely jurists, legislators, and appellate judges.

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Duve, Thomas. "Legal traditions: A dialogue between comparative law and comparative legal history." Comparative Legal History 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2049677x.2018.1469271.

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Foster, Nicholas H. D. "The Journal of Comparative Law." Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2005, no. 07 (2005): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg07/230-231.

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Yazici Caglar, Zeynep. "Comparative Legal History – But How?" Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2019, no. 27 (2019): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg27/241-243.

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Rausch, Franklin. "Law and Custom in Korea: Comparative Legal History." Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies 14, no. 2 (October 2014): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21866/esjeas.2014.14.2.009.

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Hellwege, Phillip. "A Comparative History of Insurance Law in Europe." American Journal of Legal History 56, no. 1 (March 2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/njv010.

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Dubber, Markus D. "The Comparative History and Theory of Corporate Criminal Liability." New Criminal Law Review 16, no. 2 (2013): 203–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2013.16.2.203.

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An exercise in comparative legal history and legal theory, this article challenges the radical distinction that traditionally has been drawn between corporate criminal liability in German and Anglo-American law. In the familiar account, corporate criminal liability in the common law and the civil law passed each other like ships in the night, sometime around the turn of the nineteenth century: the common law had no corporate criminal liability before 1800, and the civil law had no corporate criminal liability after 1800. Closer inspection, however, reveals that corporate criminal liability was widely accepted in both common law and civil law countries at least since the Middle Ages, and that rejection of corporate criminal liability was complete neither in England before 1800 nor in Germany after 1800.

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Helmholz, RH. "The law of waste and the law of dilapidations: A comparative history." Comparative Legal History 9, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2049677x.2021.1997375.

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Gałędek, Michał. "Remarks on the Methodology of Comparative Legal Research in the Context of the History of Law in Poland." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 99 (June 30, 2022): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.05.

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Is there anything outstanding about the history of law in Poland? Is it particularly conducive to comparative research? In my attempt to answer these questions, I focussed on presenting two distinct comparative law methods: historical legal comparison and comparative legal history. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part elaborates on the characteristics of the respective methods and on the challenges of comparative legal history in a temporally diachronic perspective and why they are not so pronounced in historical legal comparison. In this part, I tried to document the claim that the existence of a comparative platform of similarities is a condition to obtain more reliable and better-documented results of comparative research. In the second part, I focussed on three cases visualising the possibilities for comparative legal research on the history of law in Poland. Regarding the pre-partition times, I analysed the comparative possibilities related to an analysis of the impact of the Roman law on the Old Polish legal culture. The other two examples concerned the history of law in post-partition Poland. First, I explored the potential triggered by the adoption of foreign laws in Poland in terms of comparative research. I used French commercial law to exemplify the problem. Then, I undertook to show the dormant potential of the particular situation of Poland divided into different legal areas for the development of the country’s own codes of law.

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Zimmermann, Reinhard. "Gábor Hamza, Comparative Law and Antiquity." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 111, no. 1 (August 1, 1994): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.1994.111.1.533.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative History of Law"

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Jiang, Yun. "Comparative study on the history of derivative action." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3525657.

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Penfold, Ward Alexander. "Meeting of the Minds: The Franco-American Origins of Modern Comparative Law, 1900-1940." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10966.

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This dissertation traces the development of a modern approach to comparative law that arose out of the fin-de-siècle critique of nineteenth-century legal thought in France and the United States. This critique undermined a mode of legal reasoning that assumed the common law and the civil code were internally-coherent and gapless systems of rules from which judges could logically deduce legal outcomes. As rapid social and economic changes swept across the Atlantic World, jurists influenced by reform movements sought to make the law more responsive to changing conditions, while also addressing the problem of legal indeterminacy posed by the critique of deduction. One group of jurists—including Raymond Saleilles, Édouard Lambert, Roscoe Pound, and John Wigmore—responded to these challenges by turning to comparative law. Because they could no longer pretend to access static legal concepts, these jurists worked to achieve stability by formulating the best legal solution for a particular time and place—replacing timeless Truth with the historicized, spatial truths of comparative law. Before the First World War, however, French and American comparativists struggled to get beyond the differences between the common law and the civil law. Unlike the social theorists of the day, whose transatlantic exchanges constituted a veritable marketplace of ideas, the comparativists of the Progressive Era and the Belle Époque held each other at arm’s length. This changed, however, when the Great War led to a profound realignment of intellectual affinities. As a result of the collateral damage suffered by Germany’s scientific reputation, French and American jurists turned to different sources for legal exchange—each other. During the interwar period, Franco-American jurists sought to achieve a rapprochement that would unite their laws in a “common law for the League of Nations.” This alliance finally bore fruit during two International Congresses of Comparative Law in the 1930s, but the intervening exchanges did not constitute a marketplace of ideas. Rather, they are best understood as a protracted contract negotiation over the terms of comparative law. Though the French and the Americans ultimately achieved a “meeting of the minds,” this outcome was far from certain when the century began.
History

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Olivier, Pierre J. J. "Die grondslag van kontraktuele gebondenheid." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49919.

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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An overview of the historical development of contract law and its underlying theory, spanning from Roman times to the present day, and in Western European and Anglo American systems, shows that the gradually developing will theory dominated in the early nineteenth century. It was, however, also in the nineteenth century that the first cracks in this theory were observed. First, sociological, political and economic factors, brought about by the Industrial Revolution, the rise of socialism and of labour, required a new, more humane approach. Secondly, with the emergence of a new economic system, new technical problems came to the fore: how were problems of mistake, interpretation, implied terms and derogation to be solved, unless reliance was placed, in each case, on untenable fictions? Thus, towards the last quarter of the nineteenth century, an intense and unparalleled juristic debate ensued, mainly in Europe, but later also in England and the United States of America. New approaches, e.g. that a strict and uncompromising declaration be followed, was proposed. The outcome of this debate was the emergence of the so-called confidence theory. The basis of this approach is that, whatever a person's real intention may have been, he so conducts himself as to lead the other party, as a reasonable person, to believe that the first party has assented to the contract as proposed or understood by the second party, the first party is bound by the impression he created. The principle was clearly stated by Blackburn J in Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 OB 597, which has since become one of the famous dicta in the law of contract, and forms part of the English law. It should be stressed that the Blackburn approach was not alien to Europe, where the gradual and natural development of the common law was overtaken by codification The French Codification retained the pure will theory. Under the Dutch code, the so-called will-reliance system was developed, akin to the Blackburn approach. In German law, however, the De Groot view was followed: the mistaken party was permitted to 'resile' from the 'contract' but under obligation to compensate the 'innocent' party's negative interest. In South Africa, the basic point of departure is the will theory but supplemented by the confidence theory This system is made possible by our law of procedure, where two remedies, the justus error approach and the contractual consent approach are available. As both these remedies have the same objective, viz. to protect the legitimate interests of the party that was misled, they require the same substantive law requirements. The confidence theory has imbedded itself so deeply in South African, European and English law, that it is now recognized by some as the key, not only to the solution of the dissensus problem, but also in cases of interpretation, supplementation and derogation. The combination of will and reliance are the foundation stones of contractual liability. These two principles have developed (and are still developing) from society's pre-positive, moral, ethical, political, economic, religious and other values, which have been and are still being absorbed in the body of legal rules. This process of development is informed by the norms and rules relating to public policy, public interest, the bani mores and good faith. These norms and rules are recognized and applied in the legal systems of the United States of America, England and Europe. They form part of our law, but unfortunately our courts are extremely conservative in recognizing and applying them. If we wish to obtain and sustain social and contractual justice, more weight should be accorded to these values.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Oorsig van die geskiedkundige ontwikkeling van die kontraktereg en die onderliggende teorie daarvan vanaf die Romeinse tyd tot vandag in sowel Wes-Europese as die Anglo-Amerikaanse stelsels, toon aan dat die geleidelik-ontwikkelende wilsteorie in die negentiende eeu die botoon gevoer het. Dis egter ook gedurende die negentiende eeu dat die eerste krake in hierdie teorie waargeneem is. Eerstens het sosiologiese, politieke en ekonomiese faktore, veroorsaak deur die Industriële Revolusie, 'n nuwe, meer menslike benadering geverg. Tweedens het nuwe, tegniese probleme ontstaan met die opkoms van 'n nuwe ekonomiese sisteem: hoe moes probleme soos dwaling, uitleg, stilswyende bepalings en derogasie opgelos word, tensy die oplossing in elke geval op onhoudbare fiksies moes berus? In die laaste kwart van die negentiende eeu het derhalwe 'n intense en ongeëwenaarde juridiese debat ontstaan, hoofsaaklik in Europa, maar later ook in Engeland en die VSA Nuwe benaderings, bv. dat slegs gelet word op die eksterne verklaring ter uitsluiting van enige subjektiewe bedoeling, is voorgestel. Die resultaat van hierdie debat was die ontwikkeling van die vertrouensteorie. Die basis van hierdie benadering is dat wat ookal 'n mens se werklike bedoeling mag gewees het, hy so opgetree het dat die ander party, redelikerwys, oortuig was dat die eerste party toegestem het tot die kontrak soos voorgestelof verstaan deur die tweede party die eerste party dan gebonde is aan die indruk wat hy geskep het. Die beginsel is duidelik gestel deur Blackburn R in Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 OB 597. Dit moet benadruk word dat die Blackburn benadering nie vreemd aan Europa was nie, waar die geleidelike en natuurlike ontwikkeling van die gemene reg deur kodifikasie kortgeknip is. Die Franse Kodifikasie het die suiwer wilsteorie behou. Die sogenaamde wils-vertrouens stelsel, soortgelyk aan die Blackburnbenadering, het onder die Nederlandse Kode ontwikkel, maar in Duitsland is die De Groot-benadering gevolg: die party wat homself vergis het, is toegelaat om uit die 'kontrak' terug te tree, maar onder die verpligting om die 'onskuldige' party se negatiewe interesse te vergoed. In Suid-Afrika is die basiese vertrekpunt die wilsteorie, maar aangevul deur die vertrouensteorie. Dit word moontlik gemaak deur ons prosesreg, waar twee remedies, die Justus error-benadering en die wilsooreenstemmings-benadering beskikbaar is. Aangesien beide hierdie remedies dieselfde mikpunt het, naamlik om die regmatige belange van die misleide party te beskerm, verg hulle dieselfde materiële regsvereistes. Die vertrouensteorie is so diep in die Suid-Afrikaanse, Europese en Engelse reg ingebed dat dit nou deur sommige mense erken word as die sleutel, nie alleen tot die oplossing van die dissensus probleem nie, maar ook in gevalle van uitleg, aanvulling en derogasie. Die kombinasie van wil en vertroue is die hoekstene van kontraktuele aanspreeklikheid. Hierdie twee begrippe het ontwikkel (en ontwikkel nog steeds) uit die gemeenskap se voor-positiewe, morele, etiese, staatkundige, ekonomiese, godsdiens- en ander waardes, wat in die regstelselopgeneem en beliggaam is en word. Hierdie ontwikkelingsproses berus op die norme en reëls betreffende openbare beleid, openbare belang, die boni mores en goeie trou en word erken en toegepas in die regstelsels van die VSA, Engeland en Europa. Dit maak deel uit van ons reg, maar ongelukkig is ons howe aartskonserwatief in die erkenning en toepassing daarvan. As ons maatskaplike en kontraktuele geregtigheid wil bekom en volhou, moet groter gewig aan hierdie waardes vergun word.

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McNeish, Alexander Stewart. "Human tissue legislation in the United Kingdom 1952-2006 : a history and comparative analysis of policy development." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1323.

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This is a study of the genesis of the Corneal (Grafting) Act 1952, the Human Tissue Act 1961, the Human Tissue Act 2004, and the Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006. The aim has been to understand why so much had apparently changed between 1952-61 and 2004-06, both in society and in medical practice, as an explanation of why the earlier Acts were essentially ‘enabling/permissive’, whereas the later Acts were ‘regulatory/restraining’. A comparison between the Human Tissue Act 2004 and the separate Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 (both Acts concerned with ‘human tissue’ and with origins in ‘retention of organs without consent’, but with significant differences in their respective provisions), has allowed a finer dissection and comparative analysis of the possible factors involved. The Thesis focuses on the ‘inspiration’, ‘deliberation/ formulation’ and ‘legitimation’ phases of the legislative process (using the terminology of Drewry)-that is, the genesis of the various Acts- and has not sought to study the later (Drewry) phases of ‘implementation’ of the law nor subsequent ‘feedback’. The methodology has been to ‘interrogate the sources’ through in depth study of archived records, using publicly available documents, certain confidential papers made available by the Royal College of Pathologists and the Royal College of Physicians (London), papers released under Freedom of Information Acts, and analysis of the scholarly literature. The findings suggest that a complexity of factors contributed to shaping the 2004 and 2006 legislation, in addition to the proximate ‘organ scandals’. The study may contribute specifically to any wish of Government and the medical/scientific professions to review their processes of consultation and negotiation prior to developing new legislation with an impact on research; and more generally to the case for more regular use of pre-legislative scrutiny of Bills.

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Fernandez, Mark F. "The appellate question: A comparative analysis of supreme courts of appeal in Virginia and Louisiana, 1776-1840." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623810.

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This dissertation examines the processes that created supreme courts of appeal in Virginia and Louisiana and challenges the traditional view of Louisiana as an anomaly in the American judicial system. Comparison of the development of the Supreme Court of Louisiana to that of Virginia reveals important similarities in judicial practices and procedures, legal theory, and the role the courts played in the early political development of each state. In every area, the two states shared important intellectual and historical experiences.;In order to investigate the creation of these jurisdictions, this dissertation examines the political climate of both states; the background, education, and politics of the judges; the rules of court which they developed; and the jurisprudence that defined the structure and operation of the courts. Accordingly, the judicial history of both states reflects the political changes which governed the era. The study of the development of the jurisdictions, moreover, chronicles the structural changes that influenced a pronounced shift from "moral" or "republican" principles of law to a more pragmatic and activist approach to justice in nineteenth-century America. Finally, the profound influence of the common law and Anglo-American patterns of judicature on Louisiana's legal institutions suggests a reconsideration of the state's place in the mainstream of American legal history.

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Barnes, Todd A. "Law reform in Virginia's first colony : a comparative analysis of the criminal codes of Jamestown and seventeenth century England." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/958773.

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This study presented a comparative analysis of two sets of criminal laws in colonial Jamestown under the Virginia Company of London with seventeenth century English law. The historical evidence indicated England's criminal code closely resembled Jamestown's military regime, also known as "Dale's Laws," from 1610 to 1619. But it was the strict disciplinary nature of Dale's Laws which provided security and stability in the infant colony thus creating an opportunity to institute a more benevolent criminal code and a representative form of government in 1619. Furthermore, this study determined Puritanism and the "Country" Party, both gaining power in England, provided the impetus for Virginia's reform movement.
Department of History

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Zhao, Li Rui. "Fa (statute law), Li*(rationality), Qing(feeling) : Chinese concepts of law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2285465.

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Corcodel, Veronica. "Modern law and otherness : the dynamics of inclusion and exclusion in comparative legal thought." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0053.

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Cette thèse porte sur la pensée juridique des comparatistes euro-américains. Elle analyse les travaux d’un nombre important de comparatistes, qui ont eu une place significative au sein de la discipline en Europe et aux Etats-Unis entre les années 1860 et le début des années 2000. En examinant les représentations du monde non-occidental, elle met en avant les tensions entre l’inclusion et l’exclusion des spécificités non-occidentales, tout en insistant sur la nécessité de développer une pratique critique de résistance. En s’inspirant des théories postcoloniales, ce travail aborde les questions suivantes: comment le savoir sur les sociétés non-occidentales est-il construit dans la pensée juridique des comparatistes euro-américains ? Quelles sont les préconceptions qui facilitent la production de ce savoir ? Quel est le fondement théorique qui anime ces constructions et quelles sont leurs implications politiques ? Dans quelle mesure la pensée juridique comparative alimente-t-elle les attitudes de domination ou bien les remet-elle en question ? De quelle manière les réponses à ces questions sont-elles reproduites ou modifiées d’une époque à l’autre, d’un auteur à l’autre ?
This dissertation focuses on Euro-American comparative legal thought. It analyses the works of an important number of comparatists operating in Europe and in the United States, roughly from the 1860s to the early 2000s. Examining their representations of non-Western societies, it puts emphasis on the tensions between inclusion and exclusion of particularism and it argues in favor of a critical praxis of particularism. Inspired from postcolonial theories, it addresses the following questions: how are non-Western societies constructed in Euro-American comparative legal thought? What are the preconceptions that make the production of such knowledge possible? What is the theoretical framework that animates these constructions and what are their political implications? What elements internal to comparative legal knowledge fuel attitudes of domination or/and challenge them? How do they change and how are they reproduced from one epoch to another, from one author to another?

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Arlettaz, Jordane, Attila Badó, Kitti Bakos-Kovács, Szilvia Bató, János Bóka, Laureline Congnard, Erzsébet Csatlós, et al. "Internationale Konferenz zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Instituts für Rechtsvergleichung der Universität Szeged = Conférence internationale au 10ème anniversaire de l‘Institut de droit comparé de l‘Université de Szeged." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7203/.

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Die Konferenz „International Conference for the 10th Anniversary of the Institute of Comparative Law” hat am 24. Mai 2013 in Szeged stattgefunden. Im Rahmen der viersprachigen Konferenz haben mehr als dreißig Teilnehmer ihre Forschungsergebnisse präsentiert. Der Essay von Zoltán Péteri blickt auf die Disziplin aus der Perspektive der Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Katalin Kelemen und Balázs Fekete gehen in ihrem Aufsatz der Frage nach, welchen Weg die Versuche der Klassifikation der Rechtssysteme von Osteuropa in der späten Phase der Umbrüche der 1980/90er Jahren genommen haben. Die historische Betrachtungsweise mit Bezug auf Rechtsgeschichte und Rechtsvergleichung spiegelt sich auch in anderen Essays wider, vor allem in den Aufsätzen von Szilvia Bató, Magdolna Gedeon und Béla Szabó P. sowie auch in den Aufsätzen von Péter Mezei und Tünde Szűcs. Attila Badó analysiert die Rechtsvergleichung aus der Sicht des Rechts, der Soziologie und der Politikwissenschaft anhand von Untersuchungen über das Sanktionsystem der Richter in den USA. Diese politikwissenschaftliche Seite wird auch in den Aufsätzen über die aktuellen Fragen der europäischen Integration von Carine Guemar und Laureline Congnard betont. Eine Reihe von Aufsätzen behandeln die konventionelle normative Komparatistik auf dem Gebiet des Verfassungsrechts (Jordane Arlettaz und Péter Kruzslicz), Gesellschaftsrechts (Kitti Bakos-Kovács), Urheberrechts (Dóra Hajdú) und Steuerrechts (Judit Jacsó). Daneben bilden eine weitere Gruppe die Aufsätze von János Bóka und Erzsébet Csatlós, die die Verwendung der vergleichenden Methode in der Praxis der Rechtsprechung untersuchen. Die Rechtsvergleichung ist eine sich dynamisch entwickelnde Disziplin. Die Konferenz und dieser Band dienen nicht nur der Würdigung der bisherigen Arbeit des Instituts für Rechtsvergleichung, sondern zeigen gleichzeitig neue Ziele auf. Die wichtigsten Grundsätze bleiben aber fest verankert auch in einem sich stets verändernden rechtlichen und geistigen Umfeld. Das Motto des Instituts lautet „instruere et docere omnes qui edoceri desiderant“ – „alle lehren, die lernen wollen.“ Auch in den folgenden Jahrzehnten werden uns der Wille des Lernens und Lehrens, die Freiheit der Forschung sowie die Übertragung und Weiterentwicklung der ungarischen wie globalen Rechtskultur leiten.

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Gucturk, Yavuz. "A Comparative Study Of The Press Laws Of 1909 And 1931." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606827/index.pdf.

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In this thesis the press laws of 1909 and 1931 are analyzed and compared. Before the comparative examination of the press laws, the emergence and development of press in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century, including the related legal arrangements, is given within an historical framework. This thesis aims to introduce the similarities and differences between the first and only press law of the Ottoman Empire and the first one of the Turkish Republic by examining them in detail. It is argued that the press laws of 1909 and 1931 were prepared to be able to remove the legal deficiencies in press area. However, it is also claimed that the Ottoman and Turkish governments, which prepared the related press laws, was trying to control and suppress the press sine they were anxious about the safety of their regimes. Although both laws included articles that limited the press freedom, this study argues that the press law of 1909 had more liberal aspects in comparison with the Abdulhamid period and, the press law of 1931 gave extensive rights to the government to be able to control the press as a result of restrictions it imposed on the freedom of press which existed at that time.

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Books on the topic "Comparative History of Law"

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Hamza, Gábor. Comparative law and antiquity. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1991.

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Bell, Andrew J., and Joanna McCunn. Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003537526.

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Poldnikov, Dmitriy. Comparative History of Foreign Law in 2 tt. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2055765.

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The second volume of the textbook is devoted to the transformation of the leading legal traditions in the conditions of modernization, the transformation of agrarian societies into industrial ones, the emergence of nations and national states. It examines the formation and development of the most influential national legal traditions of England (Great Britain), the USA, France and Germany, which determined the models and legal style of Western law. The legal modernization of Japan, China, India, and the Middle East countries is presented as a result of reception and adaptation of elements of Romano-German, Anglo-American, and Soviet law in the context of Eastern traditions. The textbook meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the educational standards of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia in the field of "Jurisprudence". For undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate students and teachers of law schools and faculties of Russia and CIS countries.

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Poldnikov, Dmitriy. Comparative History of Foreign Law in 2 tt. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2037407.

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The textbook presents an up-to-date view of the history of the law of foreign countries through the prism of identity, equivalence and diversity of legal traditions of the peoples of the East and West. The subject of study is the content of the leading legal traditions that give an idea of the range of historical types of law, the trends and conditions of their development from archaic forms to more complex ones, the possibilities of their renewal and reception when changing social patterns. Each legal tradition is considered according to a common analytical model: 1) historical context and bearers of tradition, 2) forms of law, the basis of its understanding, interpretation, application, 3) characteristic institutions in the most important areas of legal regulation. The first volume of the textbook explains the theoretical foundations of the historical and legal narrative, as well as the legal traditions of agrarian societies of Eurasia from the perspective of three ideal types: "the law of judges" (a means of resolving disputes in Mesopotamia, republican Rome, medieval England), "the law of scientists" (the path of righteous life in India, Islamic countries of the Middle East, medieval Western Europe), "the right of the ruler" (a means of managing society in imperial China). The textbook meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education and the educational standards of MGIMO of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia in the field of "Jurisprudence". For undergraduate students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools and faculties of Russia and CIS countries.

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Hildebrandt, Mireille. Human Law and Computer Law: Comparative Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013.

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Hogg, Martin. Promises and contract law: Comparative perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Burgess, John William. Political science and comparative constitutional law. Buffalo, N.Y: W.S. Hein, 2000.

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Hussein, Khalil. Introduction to law: History & jurisprudence, legal systems of the world, classification & sources of law, legal institutions. Beirut: Dar El-Manhal El-Lubnani, 2008.

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Mahmood, Syed Tahir. Personal law in Islamic countries: History, text, and comparative analysis. New Delhi: Academy of Law and Religion, 1987.

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H, Schrage E. J., ed. Negligence: The comparative legal history of the law of torts. Berlin: Ducker & Humblot, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Comparative History of Law"

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Sellers, M. N. S. "History, Liberty and Comparative Law." In Republican Legal Theory, 99–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230513402_12.

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Binder, Regina. "Laboratory Animal Law: An Introduction to Its History and Principles." In Comparative Medicine, 267–80. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1559-6_14.

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Ibbetson, David. "Known unknowns in Roman law." In Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History, 259–74. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003537526-15.

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Oliphant, Ken. "Causal uncertainty in tort law." In Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History, 103–27. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003537526-7.

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Sacco, Rodolfo, and Alberto Gianola. "The History and Importance of Comparative Law in Italy." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 175–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29125-3_10.

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Gray, Whitmore. "Codification, Decodification and Recodification: History, Politics and Procedure." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03455-3_1.

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Divac, Una, Maurilio Felici, Nina Kršljanin, Pietro Lo Iacono, and Vojislav Stanimirović. "Gender Issues in Comparative Legal History." In Gender-Competent Legal Education, 15–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14360-1_2.

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AbstractThis chapter analyses the key gender issues throughout comparative legal history, from the Antiquity to the contemporary era. A wide array of subjects will be briefly touched upon, such as the traditional roles of men and women and their legal recognition, the legal status of women, the patriarchal patterns and the trends of their change, the interaction of religion and law in these areas. These various subjects all portray a millennia-long domination of the patriarchal system and the long and arduous struggle for gender equality. The text is mainly concerned with the Western legal systems, broadly speaking—European, Near-Eastern and American—showcasing individual legal systems in the Antiquity and Middle Ages, where differences during these times were greater, but focusing instead on key issues and areas of law in the Modern era, where convergence and common tendencies become more pronounced. By understanding these issues in their historical context, readers will gain valuable knowledge of the historical background of the current status of gender relations in the main legal systems of the world.

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Dyson, Matthew. "A spectrum of uncertainty." In Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History, 239–58. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003537526-14.

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Messner-Kreuzbauer, David. "Quantifying or avoiding the unknown?" In Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History, 153–82. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003537526-9.

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Bell, Andrew J. "Commorientes." In Uncertainty in Comparative Law and Legal History, 44–73. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003537526-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Comparative History of Law"

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Ion, Gabriel Florinel, and Andreea Elena Matic. "WOMEN'S INHERITANCE RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN BIBLICAL AND EUROPEAN CONTEXTS." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024, 301–8. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s02/23.

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Women�s inheritance rights in biblical and European contexts are complex topics that have been extensively studied by scholars in various fields such as history, theology, and social studies. In both contexts, women�s inheritance rights were influenced by cultural norms, religious beliefs and legal systems. Biblically, women�s inheritance rights are emphasized in the Old Testament, especially in the laws of Moses found in books such as Deuteronomy and Numbers. These laws provide clear guidelines for the distribution of property among family members, including daughters. However, interpretations of these laws vary between different religious traditions and academic perspectives. In Europe, the influence of Roman law and the feudal system reinforced patriarchal approaches to inheritance, with significant variations between common law and civil law traditions. Early common law systems severely limited women�s rights, but later reforms led to increased recognition of these rights. [1] Comparative study of women�s inheritance rights in biblical and European contexts provides valuable insights into the historical treatment of women as owners and inheritors of property.

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Encheva, Ivona. "Some Problems of Exceptio in Roman Law." In International Legal History Meeting of PhD Students, 45–60. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0628-2024-3.

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The exceptio in Roman Law is an institute, which raises many questions. At first introduced by the praetor in order to protect the interest of the defendant, it becomes a legal remedy of great importance. A lot of different versions and types of exceptions emerge, depending on the actio they counter. However, we observe lack of information, concerning the exceptio’s nature and characteristics as a whole, and while we owe that to the well-known abstractness of Roman jurists, a need for systematization appears, in order to better our understanding of the Roman law and procedure.

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Dvorský, Václav. "Interest on Irregular Deposit in Roman Law." In International Legal History Meeting of PhD Students, 28–44. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0628-2024-2.

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This article examines the treatment of interest on an irregular deposit in Roman law. D. 16.3.24 and D. 16.3.25.1 by Papinian suggest that the depositee was obligated to pay interest for late payments (usurae ex mora). Additionally, D. 16.3.24 along with D. 16.3.26.1, D. 16.3.28, and D. 16.3.29.1, imply that interest could be due for the entire duration of the payment period if agreed upon by the parties (usurae ex pacto). However, a closer analysis reveals that, under classical Roman law, a depositor was not entitled to receive interest before default (ante moram). This stance evolved by the time of Justinianic law, which permitted interest for the entire duration of the contract, reflecting post-classical legal developments and the convergence of various contractual actions.

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Maliňák, Lukáš. "Conflict of Laws, the Ordre Public Reservation and the Nuremberg Laws in British Jurisprudence... in the 1930s and 1940s." In International Legal History Meeting of PhD Students, 173–89. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0628-2024-11.

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The article presents the case law of the British courts in the 1930s and 1940s, that dealt with the law applicable and, where appropriate, the forum. Specifically, cases in which the application of the Private International Law and its principles pointed to German (Nazi) law as the law applicable or referred the forum to Germany (the then Third Reich). The article presents a summary of these decisions through the eyes of the British courts and how they dealt with the issue.

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Kabát, Jan. "Lay Participation in the Law-Making on the Example of Czechoslovak Codification during the Legal Biennial." In International Legal History Meeting of PhD Students, 237–47. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0628-2024-15.

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This contribution examines the involvement of laypersons in the legislative process in Czechoslovakia during the Legal Biennial, which was the recodification process after the 1948 Czechoslovak coup d’état to implement the new people’s democratic law. The contribution focuses on how laypeople, particularly workers and members of mass organizations, were integrated into the drafting of new laws under the newly established communist regime. It explores the ideological motives behind this inclusion, aimed at reflecting the class-based nature of socialist law, while also highlighting the practical challenges faced during the codification process. Despite these challenges, the involvement of laypeople led to many benefits with direct impacts on the legislative level of the recodified laws, that contribution also identifies.

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Ułanowicz, Mateusz. "The Secret Will of Karol Brzostowski: A Contribution to the Reception of French Civil Law in Polish Lands." In International Legal History Meeting of PhD Students, 61–74. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0628-2024-4.

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The article aims to present the reception of French civil law in Polish lands based on the sources concerning the secret will of Karol Brzostowski (1796–1854) – polish officer, entrepreneur, inventor, constructor and landowner in the Kingdom of Poland. The article is the result of research for a doctoral thesis “The testamentary freedom in the ‘mortis causa’ dispositions of Karol Brzostowski”. The methodology used in this publication was the diplomatics. The author researched the notarial deeds founded in the State Archives in Suwałki, Poland. Through the analysis of the sources, it was possible to characterise the binding force of the Napoleonic Code in the Duchy of Warsaw and the then Kingdom of Poland based on the law of succession concerning the biography of the testator.

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Begović, Boris, and Nikola Ilić. "FTC V. FACEBOOK OR BREAKING UP DOMINANT DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: MOTIVES, RATIONALE, AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES FROM A COMPETITION LAW PERSPECTIVE." In International Jean Monnet Module Conference of EU and Comparative Competition Law Issues "Competition Law (in Pandemic Times): Challenges and Reforms. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18815.

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The Federal Trade Commission of the United States (FTC) filed a Complaint against Facebook on 9th December 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 crisis. While facing one of the biggest social and economic crises in American history, FTC has enough time and resources to (re)investigate Facebook’s acquisitions of Instagram and WhatsApp. This paper analyses motives and rationale behind the FTC’s Complaint requesting Facebook’s break-up and what could be possible alternatives from a competition law perspective. All the findings suggest that the FTC’s Complaint is politically motivated, and the competition authorities should enable digital platforms to expand. However, the expansion should be controlled, to ensure that the benefits for consumers are not undermined by relatively slower (not diversified) technological development.

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Miladinović, Snežana, and Blanka Kačer. "Izvanbračna zajednica u nasljednom pravu – komparativna analiza." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.763m.

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The hereditary legal effect of an extramarital partnership is of exceptional and growing importance for the civil law sphere, but also for life in general. This legal institute is very complex, and even in one state different laws contain different definitions of the term extramarital partnership. Thereby, although on first sight it looks different, such approach has arguments which justify it. It is certainly important to note that, even in the case of similar social circumstances, the normative answer of the legislator is not necessarily identical. In this paper, the authors have made the comparative study of this legal institute and gave conclusions de lege lata and de lege ferenda. Despite the fact that data from several countries were used, the authors focused primarily on the three countries with similar recent history, one of which is the EU member (Republic of Croatia), and two of them are just applying for this status (Republic of Serbia, Republic of Montenegro).

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Santoso, Ryan, Xupeng He, Marwa Alsinan, Hyung Kwak, and Hussein Hoteit. "Bayesian Long-Short Term Memory for History Matching in Reservoir Simulations." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/203976-ms.

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Abstract History matching is critical in subsurface flow modeling. It is to align the reservoir model with the measured data. However, it remains challenging since the solution is not unique and the implementation is expensive. The traditional approach relies on trial and error, which are exhaustive and labor-intensive. In this study, we propose a new workflow utilizing Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to automatically and accurately perform history matching. We deliver four novelties within the workflow: 1) the use of multi-resolution low-fidelity models to guarantee high-quality matching, 2) updating the ranges of priors to assure convergence, 3) the use of Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) network as a low-fidelity model to produce continuous time-response, and 4) the use of Bayesian optimization to obtain the optimum low-fidelity model for Bayesian MCMC runs. We utilize the first SPE comparative model as the physical and high-fidelity model. It is a gas injection into an oil reservoir case, which is the gravity-dominated process. The coarse low-fidelity model manages to provide updated priors that increase the precision of Bayesian MCMC. The Bayesian-optimized LSTM has successfully captured the physics in the high-fidelity model. The Bayesian-LSTM MCMC produces an accurate prediction with narrow uncertainties. The posterior prediction through the high-fidelity model ensures the robustness and precision of the workflow. This approach provides an efficient and high-quality history matching for subsurface flow modeling.

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Valdivieso Sánchez, Enrique. "Estudio comparado de las garitas esquineras del Castell de Pallejà y Mas Cabanyes en el litoral de Barcelona." In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17942.

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The object of this work is the comparative study of the cylindrical corner sentry boxes built with brickwork, stone corbel and ceramic dome in two buildings with the typology of a Catalan stately casa forta, built in the mid-16th century on the coast of the province of Barcelona and whose purpose was the defense of the masías against the recurring attack of pirates from the Mediterranean coast. This is an approach to these defensive elements of fortified farmhouse in Catalonia, through the comparative study of two specific cases implemented in the geography of the province of Barcelona. With the analysis of these two cases, an approach is proposed to the study, little promulgated, of these defensive sentry boxes, from the perspective of the discipline of Construction History, applying scientific methodology for the knowledge of Architectural Heritage. The analysis of this defensive element allows us to take a historical tour of the evolution of the Catalan fortified house typology, within the common matrix of the masía as a traditional Catalan rural house. The comparative case study contrasts the formal evolution, both general of the buildings and of the sentry boxes, putting together the convergent and divergent lines that the quantitative and qualitative data obtained show, proposing a series of conclusions that bring together the key points of the knowledge obtained.

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Reports on the topic "Comparative History of Law"

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Haddad, J., L. A. Horta Nogueira, Germano Lambert-Torres, and L. E. Borges da Silva. Energy Efficiency and Smart Grids for Low Carbon and Green Growth in Brazil: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007001.

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The Brazilian continental dimensions and diversified natural resources are proportional to the challenges to develop its infrastructure sustainably and supply proper public services to more than 200 million inhabitants. Energy consumption has doubled since 1990, fostered by economic growth and the expansion of middle class. In this context, promote energy efficiency, in a broad sense, is urgent and rational. Brazil has a relatively long history in promoting energy efficiency at final user level. A landmark of this process is the Brazilian Labeling Program, launched in 1984, as direct consequence of high prices of energy at that time. This program was coordinated by the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, which sets standards for evaluation, ranks the performance of energy equipment and imposes a classificatory labeling to inform consumers, with a label similar to other countries. The National Electricity Conservation Program was created in 1985 by MME and is executed by ELETROBRÁS. The energy saving induced by this program in 2013 is equivalent to 2.1% of the total electric energy consumption in the period, corresponding to the annual energy consumption of about 5 million Brazilian households. In 2001, Federal Law 10,295, also known as the Energy Efficiency Law, was approved to reinforce those energy efficiency programs, allowing the Brazilian government to establish Minimum Energy Performance Standards for appliances and energy equipment, prohibiting the commercialization of low efficiency models and promoting the progressive withdrawal of low-efficiency models. According to the National Energy Plan 2030, up to 15.5 GW of electricity generation could be saved as a result of energy efficiency in the next 20 years. The Smart Grids, adopting modern technologies in electricity distribution has been proposed in Brazil improve the quality provided in the low voltage service, reduce losses, and reduce operating costs, among others. Several regulations related to this subject, dealing with grid connection for distributed small-scale generation, the establishment of the 'hourly tariff', with the regulation of the use of PLC; and with the compulsory use of Geographic Information System. Currently, dozens pilot projects on Smart Grids are underway in the country. Two projects are presented in detail: CEMIG and AES Eletropaulo, two Brazilian power utilities.

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Tcha, MoonJoong. From Potato Chips to Computer Chips: Features of Korea's Economic Development: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007002.

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When considering countries of phenomenal economic development and growth, Korea is among the top tiers. While there are other economies with similar economic growth, including those of Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, the economic growth of Korea is exceptional considering that the country lacked basic economic foundation in the past. R. Lucas Jr. (1993), a Nobel Laureate in economics and also a renowned scholar of the respective field, praised the country's economic success, by stating that "I do not think it is in any way an exaggeration to refer to this continuing transformation of Korean society as a miracle". As an evidence for his argument, he asserted "Never before have the lives of so many people undergone so rapid an improvement over so long a period, nor is there any sign that this progress is near its end". Yet, the history of Korea is more than just its outcome; it is the history of continuous national ordeal, a series of challenges and crisis that required people to toil night and day to overcome the situation. If it were not for today's splendid economic success, it would have been more appropriate to describe the history of Korea as that of wretchedness and misery. The fact that South Korea became one of the leading nations in the world is nothing less than a miracle, considering that it underwent many hardships after its independence such as fratricidal Korean War, a long period of dictatorship, 4.19 revolution as a reactionary to the dictatorship, 5.16 military coup, the engagement in the Vietnam War, two oil crises, another military coup afterwards, civil revolutions, a foreign exchange crisis, and the global economic crisis. Economic growth means value-added increase in a certain period of time. To boost this value-added increase, the elements of production such as labor, capital, and land must be both accumulated and invested. Furthermore, it requires the effective use of these elements by combining them when necessary, so that the best value can be drawn out. In other words, the vital factor in economic growth is raising productivity. Then, given similar situations, how come some countries show different performance in factor accumulation or productivity improvement? The accumulation of resources and increase of productivity depend on economic incentive. Proper institution in an economy that provides incentives for economic agents enables factors to flow and to be accumulated where productivity is high. It also gives motivation for innovation and improvement of productivity. Competition in product markets and acquisition of resources and raw materials with low cost through an open-door policy can induce the accumulation of elements and improvement of technology, where in a broader perspective, open-door policy can also be considered as a part of institution.The growth of the Korean economy is unique since only a few economies could demonstrate compatibly high growth rates for a long period. However, at the same time, Korea's case is never unique as its success story is based on factor accumulation, productivity enhancement and, most of all, a fundamental called institution. Its growth was possible due to the fact that there was a proper functioning of market backed by the establishment of proper institutions. The Korean government indeed worked favorably towards the establishment of institution and running of economy in a market-friendly manner. Some features of its growth pattern are worthwhile to be illustrated as there are still a large number of developing countries and high income countries with unstable institutions worldwide, which could gain from a part of Korea's story, at least, and collect substantial knowledge for their future growth.

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Shaposhnikov, Gennadii, Irina Airapetova, and Andrey Ustinov. Electronic training course "History of Medicine (Department of History, Economics and Law)". Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уральский государственный медицинский университет" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.12731/er0866.12122024.

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The electronic training course "History of Medicine" is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard of higher education 3++ for specialties 05/31/2011. Medical care, 05/32.01. Preventive medicine, 05/31/02. Pediatrics, 05/31/03. Dentistry The purpose of the course is to study the history, patterns and logic of the development of healing, medicine and healthcare of the peoples of the world from antiquity to the beginning of the XXI century. Course objectives: to teach students to objectively analyze historical phenomena, achievements and prospects for the development of medicine and healthcare; to reveal the achievements of outstanding civilizations in the field of medicine in the context of the progressive development of mankind; to show the interaction of national and international factors in the formation of medical science and practice in various regions of the globe; to inculcate ethical principles of medical practice and the historical conditions of their formation in various countries; to cultivate high moral qualities in students: love for their profession, loyalty to duty, feelings of humanism and patriotism; expand the general scientific and cultural horizons of students. to form among students the most important cultural and historical guidelines for the civil self-identification of the individual, the assimilation of basic professional values and competencies; to develop the ability to analyze and compare medical information about the past contained in various sources; to motivate students to maintain their health and lead a healthy lifestyle. The complexity of the course: 72 classroom hours are allocated for the study of this discipline, including 36 hours of lectures and 36 hours of seminars.

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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.

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Hilt, Eric. History of American Corporate Governance: Law, Institutions, and Politics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20356.

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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, Heeyoun You, and Sang Keon Lee. Korea's Pursuit for Sustainable Cities through New Town Development: Implications for LAC: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and th. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006999.

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Under rapid urbanization that took place from around 1960 to 1990, the Republic of Korea has been facing various urban problems such as the expansion of urban slum, traffic congestion and environmental pollution. Among the various responses to these challenges, New Town development can be regarded as one of the most successful and effective strategies, which hasover 50 years of development history in five phases. Korea's New Towns were developed with three main purposes according to the periodic needs: industry support, housing supply, and nationwide balanced development. Phase I New Towns (1962-81) responded to the country's need for industry promotion. Phase II (1967-86), Phase III (1989-95) and Phase IV (2001-present) New Towns were built in response to the severe lack of housing emerged due to over-concentration in the capital and later its metropolitan area, by providing large-scale housing inside Seoul, in the outer ring of Seoul, and in the Capital Area respectively over time. Finally, the most recent Phase V New Towns (2005-present) provided response to the issue of equitable and balanced development across the country. These development yielded outcomes such as housing market stabilization, improvement of housing condition, securement of public and green spaces, economic effect on related industries, and expansion of urban infrastructure. The paper suggests three success factors of Korea's New Town development. First is feasible planning and concrete implementation strategies that enabled the implementing organizations to overcome conflicts and carry on with the project until completion. The second factor is institutional driving force and legal support which involved establishing a dedicated bureau, defining clear organizational structure and stakeholder roles, and providing timely Acts to support the land acquisition and construction. The third success factor is reasonable land acquisition methodologies which evolved over time from Land Readjustment to Publically Management Development. This paper also presents Sustainable New own Design Criteria as an important implication for the LAC to consider, which includes social, economic and environmental sustainability that pursue outcomes such as social inclusion, self-sufficiency, connectivity, green space and smart resource management. Exchanging these experience of Korea and promoting mutual cooperation would be highly valuable for the cities in LAC to minimize the trial and error and maximize the success factors experienced by Korea as an attempt to relieve the challenges of rapid urbanization they are faced with at present. In this regard, it is anticipated that Korea can actively share its accumulated New Town experience and knowledge and act as one of the promising development partners of the countries in LAC.

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Gallagher, Alan. Each in its own sphere : religion and law in Oregon history. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5459.

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Dick, George. The Dundee Student Law Review at 10: Its Roots, History and Accomplishments. University of Dundee, October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001333.

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Roberts, Tony, Abrar Mohamed Ali, Mohamed Farahat, Ridwan Oloyede, and Grace Mutung'u. Surveillance Law in Africa: a Review of Six Countries. Institute of Development Studies, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.059.

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This review provides the first comparative analysis of African legal surveillance frameworks. The study identifies nine core principles derived from existing guidelines as an analytical framework to identify opportunities to strengthen privacy protection, while narrowly targeting surveillance on the most serious crimes. Six detailed country reports are synthesised in this comparative analysis to produce a series of actionable recommendations for policy, practice and further research.

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Francis, Daniel B., and Robin J. Walther. A Comparative History of Department of Defense Management Reform from 1947 to 2005. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460319.

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