Journal articles on the topic 'Comparative German'
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1
Cordell, Karl, and Stefan Wolff. "Ethnic Germans in Poland and the Czech Republic: A Comparative Evaluation*." Nationalities Papers 33, no. 2 (June 2005): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990500088610.
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This paper seeks to analyze the nature of the German minorities in the Czech Republic and Poland. In order to achieve this goal, the relationship between Czechoslovakia/the Czech Republic and Poland with the Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany/FRG) forms an essential intellectual backdrop to our main theme. Reference to the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic/GDR) will be made as and where appropriate. As we shall see, tensions simmered between the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/SED) and the Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza Zjednoczona (Polish United Workers' Party/PZPR), and in reality relations between the two sides were poor. Reference will be made to wartime German occupation policy in both Poland and the Czech lands. Due attention will also be paid to the consequent expulsion of ethnic Germans from Poland and Czechoslovakia. However, due to limitations of space these themes, that have been exhaustively dealt with elsewhere, do not form part of our main focus of study.
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Sorokina, N. V. "Image of Native Land and People in Ethnic Stereotyped Conceptions of Russian and German Students." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 12, no. 2 (2012): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2012-12-2-81-84.
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The article presents results of associative experiments carried out in 2008 in Germany and in 2011 in Russia. It focuses on the most frequent associations of Russian and German students. The comparative analysis revealed that the in-group stereotypes of Russians are more positive than those of Germans.
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Jere, Thomas. "Comparative Analysis of Two German Banks." Interactive science, no. 4 (59) (May 26, 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-553801.
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This article explains results of a comparative to test the performance of two top banks in the German banking industry analysis using a financial ratio analysis method. The main determinants considered are solvency and liquidity indicators, which make it possible to observe the risk behaviour of banks before and after the financial crisis. The hypothesis of the study is that the behaviour of German banks depends on bank-specific variables that affect the institution ’s loan policy. The universal banks in Germany can be divided into three main types of institutions: commercial, public sector and cooperative banks. The analysis is carried out on banks of the same category in a decomposed manner. Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank representing the commercial/Private sector. Checking each Bank separately is carried out to detect the similarities or differences that each bank may have in terms of bank performance. The empirical analysis involves a sample of these German banks observed during 2015–2019.
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Stiller, Wojciech. "The VAT complexity, a comparative analysis for Germany and Poland." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 3(101) (2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2020.03.101.02.
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Purpose – This article aims to examine the complexity of the value added tax (VAT) in Germany and Poland. Research method – This paper uses a quantitative analysis of the VAT Act and a selected amendment to this Act in Germany and Poland. I consider the German and Polish language versions of the VAT Directive and the Vouchers Directive as a benchmark for comparing VAT complexity. A comparison of a number of law amendments and compliance costs in both countries enhances the analysis. Results – The VAT complexity in Poland significantly exceeds the complexity of the German VAT system. This is true for all analysed aspects. In Poland, the compliance costs of VAT are significantly higher than in Germany. The Polish VAT law is amended more frequently and is much more comprehensive than its German counterpart. This can be only partially justified by special regulations to combat tax fraud. The high VAT complexity in Poland is also due to the complicated language and structure of the law. Although the German translation of the Vouchers Directive includes more words than the Polish version, the Polish legislator needs about twice as many words as their German counterpart for its implementation. Originality /value – Tax law is often criticised for its complexity. This study is the first to use the VAT Directive for a comparative study of the VAT complexity and reveals that the Polish legislator uses considerably more text for similar content than their German counterpart.
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Adick, Christel, and Maria Giesemann. "Relevance of German Political Foundations for Comparative Educational Research." Journal of Education and Research 5, no. 1 (August 13, 2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jer.v5i1.13055.
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German political foundations, mainly Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) and Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), have a long tradition of political activism in Germany as well as internationally. Founded after the Second World War, their mission was and is the promotion of democracy and civic education. Likewise, they pursue these educational goals abroad, where they have been active for over 50 years. But despite many years of experience in the field of political education across borders, the foundations have hardly been noticed in educational research. Therefore, an international audience shall be made aware of the unique characteristics of the German party related political foundations as actors in the world. This article will address the international dimensions of these organizations: how they operate across borders and what they offer in their educational dimensions. This will show their close entanglement with the official German foreign policy and with the political parties to which they are affiliated in Germany.
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Eisenberg, Christiane. "The Comparative View in Labour History." International Review of Social History 34, no. 3 (December 1989): 403–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000009457.
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SUMMARYComparisons between the English and German labour movements have a long tradition in historiography. In Germany they were primarily discussed in the context of the “German Sonderweg”, a debate which was opened in the 1920s and continues in the 1980s. The article presented here analyzes the methodological problems ofSonderwegcomparisons of labour history and confronts the major arguments with the results of empirical research. It concludes that many oldSonderwegarguments can not withstand this confrontation. Nevertheless, the article proposes that the debate should be continued, since empirical research focuses on new aspects and supports the diagnosis of two different paths of labour history.
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Kocka, Jürgen. "Comparative Historical Research: German Examples." International Review of Social History 38, no. 3 (December 1993): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000112131.
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Systematic comparison was alien to the historicist paradigm which dominated historical research and literature in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly in Germany. Anyone aiming to reconstruct historical phenomena as individual events, study them under the aspect of ”development” and understand them in their context would not be interested in systematic identification of similarities and differences or in their explanation. Narrative and comparison were and are opposites. Without conceptual explanation and theoretical input, historical comparison is not possible. Because German historians were strongly influenced by the historicist paradigm until well into the second third of the twentieth century, systematic comparison did not play a major role in their work. In essence it was left to important outsiders like Otto Hintze and historically oriented sociologists like Max Weber.
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Nitsche, Natalie, and Karl Ulrich Mayer. "Subjective Perceptions of Employment Mobility: A Comparison of East and West Germany." Comparative Sociology 12, no. 2 (2013): 184–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341260.
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Abstract There is an ongoing debate over whether the stability of working lives in Germany has declined in recent decades. In this piece, we contribute to the literature by arguing that subjective mobility perceptions, hence individuals’ self-reported mobility desires and experiences, should receive more attention in the debate. While it is, for example, well known that German reunification affected worklife mobility of East Germans through high unemployment and firm mobility, little is known about subjective mobility desires, specifically in an East-West German comparative perspective. Using a retrospective cross-sectional data set from 2005, we therefore investigate East-West German differences in retrospective and future mobility desires and subjectively reported mobility experiences and expectations. We also examine if there is evidence for East-West German differences in voluntary versus involuntary employment mobility. Our findings indeed show that retrospectively reported desires for stable working lives are more prevalent among East Germans. In addition, we find suggestive evidence for elevated levels of undesired firm mobility and employment interruptions among East Germans born between 1945 and 1965, and for increases in undesired employment interruptions and firm mobility among younger West German but not East German men. These latter results serve as suggestive evidence for future hypothesis building only, since our data does not provide information on the desirability of specific mobility events but on cumulative experiences and retrospective mobility desires only.
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Druxes, Helga, Christopher Thomas Goodwin, Catriona Corke, Carol Hager, Sabine von Mering, Randall Newnham, and Jeff Luppes. "Book Reviews." German Politics and Society 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2018.360306.
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David D. Kim, Cosmopolitan Parables: Trauma and Responsibility in Contemporary Germany (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2017) Johann Chapoutot, Greeks, Romans, Germans: How the Nazis Usurped Europe’s Classical Past, trans. Richard R. Nybakken (Oakland: University of California Press, 2016) Kimberly Mair, Guerrilla Aesthetics: Art, Memory, and the West German Urban Guerrilla (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016) David B. Audretsch and Erik E. Lehmann, The Seven Secrets of Germany: Economic Resilience in an Era of Global Turbulence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015) Craig Morris and Arne Jungjohann, Energy Democracy: Germany’s Energiewende to Renewables. (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2016) Peter Polek-Springer, Recovered Territory: A German-Polish Conflict over Land and Culture, 1919-1989 (Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2015) Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, ed., Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar Germany and France: Comparative Perspectives (Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan, 2016).
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Kotliar, I. A., and E. O. Smirnova. "Game in Kindergartens of Germany and Russia." Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 1 (2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050105.
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The article compares conditions for games and gaming activity status of preschool children in contemporary Russian and German kindergartens. It examines the organization of daily life activity of children in kindergartens in Germany. It shows that in a German kindergarten children are not strictly governed by adults and spend most of the time playing freely. It also presents the results of the comparative analysis of parental values concerning pre-school education in Russia and in Germany. The analysis of statements of the parents brought up in Soviet traditions, shows that they are dissatisfied with the lack of organized activities and the lack of care for a child in German kindergartens. German parents and teachers, on the contrary believe that caring for self-service, clothing, security is the child’s duty, and s/he should control his/her outer look, regulate sleeping, waking, eating, etc. Such autonomy of preschoolers represents itself in self-organization of free time, most part of which they spend playing. Preliminary comparative analysis of the state of play activities of children in tRussian and German kindergartens shows that the game of pre-school children in Germany is more independent, initiative and creative activity than in Russian children.
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Savenkova, A. S. "The youth’s perceptions of the labor market in Russia, China and Germany: A comparative analysis." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-520-535.
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The study of the specifics of professional choice and of the factors that determine labor orientations of the youth is one of the urgent sociological tasks for researchers all over the world. The universal, supranational nature of this task under globalization explains the need to compare labor orientations of the Russian youth with their foreign peers. The article aims at assessing the basic ideas about the labor market of the youth in Russia, Germany and China. The empirical part of the article is presented by the survey and interviews of the Russian, German and Chinese youth. The author considers typical problems that the young professionals face when searching for a job, their opinions on the most important work qualities, similarities and differences in the perception of the ideal worker. Young people in Russia, Germany and China name different aspects of working life as the most important: Russian respondents value wages and the stability of organization more than the Chinese and especially German. On the other hand, German and Chinese students prefer activities that reveal personal creativity and leave space for personal life. Considering social capital, unlike their peers from Germany and China, Russian respondents do not associate the fact of having a university diploma with potential success in the labor market. More often than the Chinese and Germans respondents, the Russian youth mention nepotism and corruption as an obstacle to successful employment. Among the similar social perceptions of the respondents from three countries, one can name the difficulties associated with the lack of work experience. The interaction of educational institutions and employers can help in overcoming the difficulties that the young Russians face when searching for a job.
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Howard, Marc Morjé. "Germany's Citizenship Policy in Comparative Perspective." German Politics and Society 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2012.300103.
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This article puts the 1999 German Nationality Act into a comparative European perspective. By applying a common measure of the relative restrictiveness or inclusiveness of a country's citizenship policy to the countries of the EU-15 at two different time periods, it provides an analysis of change both within and across countries. From this perspective, Germany has clearly moved "up" from having the single most restrictive law before the 1999 reform to a more moderate policy today. Yet Germany's major "liberalizing change" was also tempered by a significant "restrictive backlash." The German case therefore provides support for a broader theoretical argument about the potential for mobilized anti-immigrant public opinion to nullify the liberalization that often occurs within the realm of elite politics.
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Reinarz, Lukas, Hugo de Vos, and Helen de Hoop. "Conflicting Constraints in the Comparative Cycle." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 28, no. 4 (November 11, 2016): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542716000131.
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Present-day Dutch shows an alternation reflecting a transition from the use of the comparative particle dan ‘than’ toward the particle als ‘as’ in comparisons of inequality. We argue that this transition—as well as the replacement of denn/dann by als in Early New High German, and als ‘as’ by wie ‘how’ in present-day German—results from a conflict between two competing principles, Economy and Iconicity. The conflict between these two constraints in German and Dutch gives rise to a cycle, in which having two particles—one for each construction—and having one particle for both, comparatives and equatives, alternate over time.*
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Helm, Jutta A. "Comparative Politics and German Studies." German Studies Review 13 (1990): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431035.
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Zestos, George K., Yixiao Jiang, and Clifton Painter. "Determinants of German and Japanese Exports: A Comparative Study." Journal of Economic Integration 36, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 339–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2021.36.3.339.
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This study investigates the determinants of German and Japanese exports in a comparative fashion. By estimating an autoregressive distributed lag model for each country, we find that the income elasticity of Japanese exports is three times as large as that of Germany’s exports. This relative insensitivity to external demand explains why Germany has maintained its export growth whereas Japanese exports started to stagnate after the global financial crisis. Because Germany adopted the euro in 1999, it was able to maintain large trade surpluses. If Germany had instead kept the Deutsche Mark (DM), the DM would have appreciated owing to the Central Bank of Germany’s consistent preference for a tight monetary policy, and Germany’s trade surpluses would have dissipated. A sharp increase in Japanese foreign direct investment after 2011 has also played a role in reducing Japanese exports after the global financial crisis.
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Bahturina, Alexandra. "The Test of Patriotism: Germany in the Perception of the Baltic Germans during the First World War." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020240-2.
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The article examines the attitude of the Baltic Germans towards Germany during the Great War. With the outbreak of the war, the Baltic Germans were forced to define their position towards their ethnic homeland, which had gone into war with the Russian Empire. The Baltic Germans' perception of Germany is reflected in a wide variety of sources, resulting in diametrically opposite assessments. The aim of the article is to provide a comparative analysis of official documents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Council of Ministers, ego-sources, and applications for Russian citizenship from “enemy subjects”, to identify different attitudes towards Germany among the Baltic Germans, which were shaped by a variety of factors, including the anti-German activities of the Tsarist government, general imperial measures prompted by the war, and emotional assessment of what was happening. Previous studies have examined the views of the Baltic Germans mainly on the basis of Russian periodicals and the writings of nationalist publicists. This has left the complex process of searching for the boundary between loyalty to the Russian Empire and attitudes towards Germany, the country of their culture and mother tongue, among the Baltic Germans, outside the realm of research interest. This article aims to fill this gap. The study suggests that the patriotism of the Baltic Germans did not extend so far as to actively and publicly demonstrate rejection of their historic homeland. A considerable proportion of the Baltic Germans sought to strike an acceptable balance between their Russian citizenship and their German background, while attitudes towards Germany among them varied, depending on social background, degree of attachment to Russia and other factors.
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Takhtarova, Svetlana Salavatovna, Darya Leonidovna Abuzyarova, and Olga Dmitrievna Kuzmina. "Communication between Population of Germany and German-Speaking Switzerland: Intra- or Intercultural Communication?" Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0024.
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Abstract The relevance of the research is determined by the contemporary interest to the intercultural communication in the context of the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics. The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of communicative interaction between the citizens of Germany and the German-speaking cantons of Switzerland. The systematic analysis of studies on the communicative styles of Germans living in Germany and Switzerland allowed us to determine their main features. The study showed that the communication between the analyzed ethno-cultural communities is complicated by a number of linguistic and culturally-conditioned problems. While the inhabitants of Germany demonstrate the characteristic features of the low-context culture, the communicative style of the German-speaking Swiss is mitigative as they are referred to the high-context culture. The socio-cultural differences in the mutual perception of the analyzed ethnosocial groups lead to the formation of stereotypes and clichés which influence the intercultural communication. The materials of the paper may be used in comparative cultural linguistics, country and cultural studies.
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Szylko-Kwas, Joanna, Katarzyna Gajlewicz-Korab, Anna Grutza, and Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska. "Immigrants in Polish and German Online Media: A Comparative Analysis." Žurnalistikos Tyrimai 12, no. 12 (May 29, 2018): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/zt/jr.2017.12.11785.
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In this article, the authors present the results of their research conducted in Polish and German online media in 2016. The major topic of the abovementioned research was the European refugee crisis in Poland and Germany and its representation in websites of four quality newspapers: Wyborcza.pl, Rp.pl, Faz.net and Sz.de. The aim of this article is to analize the role of media in public opinion-shaping in both countries. Through a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the data, the authors answered the following questions: 1) Are the media narratives of both countries different from each other? b) If so, how is the migration problem presented in Poland and in Germany? c) What are their most noticeable features? Among the most important conclusions are the following: 1) The media coverage of both countries is highly politicized; 2) Neither German nor Polish journalists of the opinion-forming quality newspapers did measurably support an isolationist policy. The research has been conducted within the scope of an International project called LEMEL (L’Europe dans les médias en ligne). This program was initiated by Cergy-Pontoise University and is now held annually. Several European countries participate in it (scientists from France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Romania are permanent members of the project’s research group). The aim of the project is a synchronous and diachronic comparative analysis of the content presented in their respective national online media. The analysis focuses on the way Europe and its problems are presented in the abovementioned media content.
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Essling, E., and A. Khalaf. "Pharmacy employees’ self-rated knowledge, use and attitudes toward homeopathy: A comparative survey in Sweden and Germany." European Pharmaceutical Journal 66, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2018-0006.
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Abstract Background: Homeopathy is being increasingly practiced within different medical areas of use. Homeopathic medicines are sold in German pharmacies, whereas the assortment of Swedish pharmacies does not include homeopathic medicines. Despite differences between Sweden and Germany, homeopathic medicines are classified as drugs in both countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacy employees’ self-rated knowledge, use and attitudes toward homeopathy in Sweden and Germany. Methods: A quantitative web-survey was sent to 30 pharmacies in Sweden and 30 pharmacies in Germany, which were selected by using a multi-stage clustering sampling. The questionnaire contained closed-ended rating scales. To compare the self-rated knowledge, use and attitudes toward homeopathy of Swedish and German pharmacy employees, chi-square tests and Mann-Whitney tests were performed in SPSS. Results: A total of 209 pharmacy employees answered the survey (108 in Sweden and 101 in Germany). German participants estimated their knowledge higher than the Swedish participants (p < 0.01). In both countries, most participants thought that pharmacy employees should have knowledge about homeopathy. Although most Swedish participants stated that they receive questions about homeopathy, the German pharmacy employees receive questions about homeopathy more frequently (p < 0.01). Swedish participants reported less experience of own use of homeopathic medicines and less belief in their effectiveness as compared to the German participants (p < 0.01). However, in both countries, most participants stated that homeopathic medicines should be sold in pharmacies. Conclusion: As pharmacy employees should act professionally to advice customers on all drugs, increased homeopathic knowledge in pharmacy employees could potentially improve pharmaceutical practice.
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van Raalte, Alyson A., Sebastian Klüsener, Anna Oksuzyan, and Pavel Grigoriev. "Declining regional disparities in mortality in the context of persisting large inequalities in economic conditions: the case of Germany." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz265.
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Abstract Background Subnational regional mortality inequalities are large and appear to be mostly increasing within industrialized countries, although comparative studies across high-income countries are scarce. Germany is an important country to examine because it continues to experience considerable economic disparities between its federal states, in part resulting from its former division. Methods We analyse state-level mortality in Germany utilizing data from a newly constructed regional database based on the methodology of the Human Mortality Database. We compare time trends (1991–2015) in the German state-level standard deviation in life expectancy to that of other large, wealthy countries and examine the association between mortality and economic inequalities at the regional level. Finally, using contour-decomposition methods, we investigate the degree to which age patterns of mortality are converging across German federal states. Results Regional inequalities in life expectancy in Germany are comparatively low internationally, particularly among women, despite high state-level inequalities in economic conditions. These low regional mortality inequalities emerged 5–10 years after reunification. Mortality is converging over most ages between the longest- and shortest-living German state populations and across the former East–West political border, with the exception of an emerging East–West divergence in mortality among working-aged men. Conclusions The German example shows that large regional economic inequalities are not necessarily paralleled with large regional mortality disparities. Future research should investigate the factors that fostered the emergence of this unusual pattern in Germany.
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Seifert, Elena Ivanovna. "Russian-German Chanson as a Product of Emigration." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 19, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2022-19-1-50-65.
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The theory of chanson as a creative direction has not been sufficiently developed, although the study of chanson has undoubtedly been strengthening its positions recently. Researchers perceive chanson broadly (songs of the direction of urban song folklore) and narrowly (thieves lyrics). The purpose of the research is to study the Russian-German chanson, the tasks are to observe the works of Vadim Kuzema and Viktor Gagin, a multifaceted analysis of the lyric cycle of Sonya Jahnke From a Song Notebook. The legitimacy of the allocation of the Russian-German chanson is confirmed by the attempt of the national-geographical division of the Russian-speaking chanson, proposed by M. Dyukov. Russian-German chanson is a phenomenon that formed during the third stage of mass migration, that is, it fully takes into account all the genetic layers of the subcultural ethnos. S. Janke, in her stylization as a thug chanson song, concerns various aspects of the life and life of Russian Germans in Germany. The author of the article applies structural-descriptive, historical-typological and comparative-historical research methods. The research results can be applied to the entire RussianGerman chanson. The lyrical hero suffers from marginality and seeks to grow into a new and still alien society for him. The clear difference between Russian-German chanson and Russian is in a special collective subject (a type of Russian German) striving to become related to the world that alienates him (as opposed to the hero of the Russian thug chanson cultivating the world of outcasts). The asocial character of the hero of the Russian-German chanson is fundamentally different from the asocial character of the hero of the Russian chanson. Comprehension of the Russian-German chanson reveals a paradox: the appeal of Russian Germans to a marginal thug song is nothing more than an attempt to free themselves from the marginality of their ethnic group. Russian-German stylization under the thieves song is not distinguished by romance: the ethnic picture of Russian Germans is not characterized by the typically Russian opposition of high and low.
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Stack, Heather M. "The "Colonization" of East Germany?: A Comparative Analysis of German Privatization." Duke Law Journal 46, no. 5 (March 1997): 1211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1372919.
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Gracheva, M. "Germany’s Trade with Russia and other BRIC Countries: Comparative Analysis." World Economy and International Relations, no. 11 (2010): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-11-21-26.
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By analyzing the Russian-German trade commodity composition in 1996–2008 and comparing it to corresponding figures of Brazil, India and China, it is attempted to answer the question: what are the perspectives of export from Russia to Germany, which includes non-resource export, predominantly high value added goods?
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Chołuj, Bożena. "German comparative studies: theory and practice." Tekstualia 1, no. 68 (June 30, 2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9072.
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The article is about the German efforts to compare supranational literature. In this context the pioneering signifi cance of the romantic idea of universal poetry is underlined, i.e. the lectures of the Schlegel brothers and Goethe’s concept of Weltliteratur, as well as the discovery of still little- -known comparativists like Hugo Meltzl by Hugo Dyserinck.
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Matraves, Catherine. "German Industrial Structure in Comparative Perspective." Industry and Innovation 4, no. 1 (June 1997): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13662719700000003.
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Huber, Stefan. "Comparative Correlatives - The Case of German." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 33, no. 1 (November 5, 2007): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v33i1.3529.
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Köhler, Holm-Detlev. "Reconstruction and restoration: the legacies of post-war German Industrial Sociology." Work, Employment and Society 30, no. 6 (July 9, 2016): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016638988.
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The article reconstructs the re-birth of Industrial Sociology in Germany after the Second World War in a comparative perspective. Although sharing the main context conditions and maintaining a constant and fluent exchange with their colleagues in other countries, the German intellectual traditions and specific institutional context motivated several particular interests and perspectives that shape a distinct German Industrial Sociology until today. The dominance of qualitative in-depth research, the focus on the emancipative potentials in high-skill-based work organization, the cooperative industrial relations tradition and the constant attempts to link employment studies with general social theory on modern capitalist society and social change characterize German Industrial Sociology. The richness of distinct national institutional settings for comparative social research on employment regimes may be another lesson to be learned from critical reconstruction of labour sociology.
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Rogozińska, Marta. "Tilgungstendenzen in Konferenzvorträgen. Eine korpusbasierte Studie." Studia Linguistica 35 (March 29, 2017): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.35.11.
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Deletion trends in academic talks. A corpus-based analysisThe purpose of this paper is to describe some current deletion trends in modern spoken German. The study is based on orthographic transcriptions of academic talks made by German native speakers. The analysis has been conducted in order to show the most common phonetic reductions of the formal Standard German variety as used today in official situations in Germany. The linguistic data are taken from the GeWiss corpus, which is a comparative corpus of audio recordings and transcriptions of spoken academic languages German, Polish, English. The research organizations involved were the Herder Institute at the University of Leipzig, Wrocław University and Aston University in Birmingham.
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Liu, Ruiyuan. "A Comparative Study of Vocational Education in China and Germany." Barnard Education Review 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47744/ber.v1n2.2020.12.03.
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Vocational education is the main way to improve the quality of national skills. In developed countries in the world economy, all are placed in an important position, but specific methods have their own characteristics. The dual system of vocational education in Germany is quite distinctive, and it is also extremely advanced. Today, it is particularly important to learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries when carrying forward the spirit of craftsmen in a great country. Vocational education between China and Germany differs greatly from eight aspects of culture, vocational education concepts and values, legal systems, vocational education models, as well as the construction of the teaching staff and the implementation process of education and teaching. Therefore, Chinese vocational education cannot replicate the German model. It must be based on China’s national conditions and learn from German vocational education experience, from improving laws and regulations, strengthening the construction of “dual-teacher” faculty, standardizing the construction of curriculum systems and curriculum standards, and forming an industry-enterprise participation mechanisms and other aspects, carry out practical reforms and innovations to promote the healthy and orderly development of China’s vocational education and serve the sound development of the social economy.
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Schloer, Bernhard, and Kateryna Kravchenko. "MINORS AS SUBJECTS OF LAW: COMPARISON OF THE LEGAL REGULATION IN GERMANY AND UKRAINE (PART 2)." Administrative law and process, no. 3 (30) (2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2020.3.04.
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This article is devoted to the minors as a subject of law. The aim of the article is a comparative analysis of minors in different areas of law as well as age limits. The article focuses on Criminal Law, Administrative Law, Labour Law, Social Law, and Procedure Law. The article is based on a method of comparative analysis of German and Ukrainian domestic law. The results of the article are following. First, a criminal responsibility of minors in both German Law and Ukrainian Law is analyzed. The question of the age of the criminal majority remains one of the most controversial issues in the field of criminal law for minors. In Germany, the age of the criminal responsibility is fourteen years, while in Ukraine the age of the criminal responsibility is sixteen years. The provisions of Ukrainian Criminal Code on criminal responsibility of minors are outdated today. Those provisions should be changed. The same changes should be made in Administrative law of Ukraine concerning the minimum age limit of administrative responsibility. Second, the comparative analysis of Social law provisions concerning minors allowance in Germany and Ukraine shows considerable differences of the level of State security. Germany has generous systems of social welfare and offers a variety of allowances and benefits for minors. One of the most well-known of these is Kindergeld (also called a Child Benefit). This is an allowance from the German government to help defray some of the cost of raising children. It can run from €219 to €250 per child per month. While Ukraine offers only a lump sum birth payment in an amount of €1234. It is also one of the most complicated issues. Conclusions based on the results of comparative analysis. The authors suggest that the age limit in the area of criminal as well as administrative law of Ukraine should be reduced.
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Kiiver, Philipp. "German Participation in EU Decision-Making after the Lisbon Case: A Comparative View on Domestic Parliamentary Clearance Procedures." German Law Journal 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 1287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200001620.
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When the German Federal Constitutional Court pronounced itself on the constitutionality of the Treaty of Lisbon, its general reasoning on the character of the European Union sounded familiar. In its judgment, the Court recalls that the German Basic Law is a Europe-friendly constitution: its Preamble and its Article 23, regarding European integration, allow, and in fact prescribe, Germany's participation in the establishment of a united Europe. However, the Court also stresses the paramount position of the member states, their peoples, and their national parliaments in the institutional architecture of the EU. Already in its Maastricht Case, the Court had put an emphasis on institutional guarantees regarding the conditions under which sovereign competences may be conferred upon the EU from its constituent member states. The Lisbon Case builds upon the Maastricht doctrine, but now adds concrete instructions to the German legislature: whenever the EU institutions wish to apply certain strategic decisions under the Treaty of Lisbon, the German government may agree to them only after the two national legislative chambers, the German Federal Parliament (Bundestag) and the German Federal Council of States (Bundesrat), have given their prior approval. The national statute that regulates this must (and will) be changed accordingly before Germany may ratify the Treaty of Lisbon. The strategic decisions in question mainly concern what the Court considers to be, or at least potentially to be, de facto treaty amendment procedures by which EU institutions may dynamically expand their competences or change decision-making rules without having to resort to the regular ratification procedure for new treaties. The most prominent example is the so-called passerelle (or simplified treaty revision procedure), allowing the European Council unanimously, and with the European Parliament's assent, to introduce qualified majority voting and co-decision in areas where this does not yet apply. National parliaments are informed six months in advance and each of them may cast a binding veto, but ordinary positive ratification in all member states is not required. Also for the application of the flexibility clause, allowing for EU action to attain EU goals in the absence of a specific legal basis, the German Constitutional Court requires prior bicameral approval by the national legislature. The Court rejects the idea of future treaty amendment by tacit consent, because that would undermine the prerogatives of the national legislature and, essentially, German sovereign statehood. At the risk of sounding corny, we may therefore dub the Lisbon Case “Solange III,” after the two previous Solange Cases, and summarize it as follows: As long as (or, solange, in German) the European Union is not a federal state but comprises constituent member states, the people, through the national legislature, must consciously legitimize European integration step by step. The partially enhanced flexibility of future treaty reforms envisaged under the Treaty of Lisbon is, as far as Germany is concerned, undone. But what about the other member states? Where does the Lisbon case put Germany on the European map of parliamentary democracy? How do the ratification procedures on which the German Court insists compare with the procedures of national parliamentary oversight as they exist in the rest of the Union? The present article shall put the envisaged German procedures in a comparative perspective. But first it shall reflect on some of the main features of the judgment itself.
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Radovich, Minara A., and Yana V. Lazareva. "AUSTRIAN GERMAN STANDARD AS A REFLECTION OF THE COUNTRY’S SOCIOCULTURAL MENTALITY." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-142-154.
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Background. The article is devoted to the study of Austrian specific features in the standard literary German language. The stages of the historical development of Austria are studied as the basis for proper Austrian German formation. The particularities of lexical-semantic differences in German and in Austrian German are considered. The article deals with differences in lexical units with due consideration of the expression and meaning of the word. It is established that the historical and cultural development of Austria influenced the appearance, adaptation and consolidation in the literary system of Austrian German, and Austriacisms, not used in Germany.
Purpose. To consider the most frequent features of Austrian German standard in the field of cooking.
Materials and methods. Comparative method, analytical and synthesis method, linguistic analysis.
Results. The largest number of differences that were revealed during the analysis of the lexemes of Austrian German standard in the field of cooking were found at the lexical level.
Practical implications. The results obtained can be used to further study the features of Austrian German standard in various areas of functioning.
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Kleinschmidt, Christian. "Comparative Consumer Product Testing in Germany." Business History Review 84, no. 1 (2010): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500001264.
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The introduction of comparative product testing in Germany reflected the rise of a mass consumer society within a rapidly changing market economy. The first proposal to establish a federally supported institute for product testing was made in 1957. Proponents wished to reduce the asymmetries of power and information between producers and consumers. Producers' initial opposition was overcome once federal legislation was passed and they recognized that the institute's work gave them an opportunity to use the test results in their corporate marketing and advertising strategies. By integrating state-regulated consumer protection into the social-market economy, the Stiftung Warentest, Germany's independent product-testing foundation, became an expression of both the emerging modern consumer society and the German corporatist model.
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Scheel, Roland. "Scandinavian Studies in Germany." Humanities 11, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11040084.
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Scandinavian Studies in Germany are usually conceived of as comparative literary and cultural studies, encompassing the historical and current spaces where Northern Germanic languages were or are spoken. The article focuses on the current situation of Medieval Scandinavian Studies—one of the three branches of the discipline—in the German-speaking area, explaining their comparatively strong institutional position as a result of the long and peculiar history of the research and its entanglements with political ideology. Against this background, an overview is presented of the present research projects, and current structural and political problems, as well as challenges for the future are discussed.
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Schröder, Carsten, Johannes König, Alexandra Fedorets, Jan Goebel, Markus M. Grabka, Holger Lüthen, Maria Metzing, Felicitas Schikora, and Stefan Liebig. "The economic research potentials of the German Socio-Economic Panel study." German Economic Review 21, no. 3 (September 26, 2020): 335–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ger-2020-0033.
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AbstractWe provide a concise introduction to a household-panel data infrastructure that provides the international research community with longitudinal data of private households in Germany since 1984: the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). We demonstrate the comparative strength of the SOEP data in answering economically-relevant questions by highlighting its diverse and impactful applications throughout the field.
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Gur-Arye, Miriam, and Florian Jessberger. "The Protection of Human Dignity in Interrogations: May Interrogative Torture Ever Be Tolerated? Reflections in Light of Recent German and Israeli Experiences." Israel Law Review 44, no. 1-2 (2011): 229–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700001035.
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The issue of whether interrogative torture may ever be tolerated has been discussed explicitly by both the Israeli High Court of Justice and the Frankfurt Regional Court in Germany. The Israeli court ruling related to the use of interrogative torture in the war on terror; the case brought before the German court was one of routine police work. This paper analyzes the two rulings in depth and offers a comparative reading of the rulings. The comparative analysis reveals that, despite some fundamental differences, the Israeli and German rulings should both be seen as an attempt to uphold the ban on torture, on the one hand, and yet to grant fair treatment to an individual interrogator who used, or threatened to use, force in order to save innocent lives, on the other. While determining the lessons to be learned from the German and Israeli experiences, this paper raises doubts as to whether it is possible to keep the ban on torture intact while either excusing the individual interrogator (Israel) or significantly mitigating his punishment (Germany). The paper further suggests that, in order to provide a real barrier against the practice of interrogative torture, the evidence resulting from such interrogations should be inadmissible in any criminal proceedings.
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Feraboli, Omar. "Postgraduate Supervision in the United Kingdom and Germany: A Comparative Study of Factors Influencing the Supervisory Relationship." Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice 6, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v6i2.306.
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This paper aims to examine and assess the approaches to postgraduate supervision in the United Kingdom (UK) and in Germany; the factors determining the differences between the two approaches and investigating their impact on the PhD supervision relationship. I combine personal reflections and experiences with the existing literature and with indices of performance and level of internationalisation of British and German universities. I examine several aspects and factors that affect the academic environment and hence determine differences across the British and German university systems, which are finally reflected in the approaches to postgraduate supervision.
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Chi, Nguyen Phuong. "A Comparative Study of the Probability and Statistics Curricula in the High School Mathematics Textbooks of Vietnam and Germany." International Journal of Education and Practice 10, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/61.v10i2.2942.
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An international comparative study of mathematics textbooks is essential in identifying trends in international mathematics education, developing textbooks and improving the quality of teaching and learning in mathematics. This study analyses and compares the contents of the probability and statistics curricula in the high school textbooks of Vietnam and Germany. It highlights the similarities and differences in the contents and the way they are presented, consolidated and deepened in textbooks of the two countries. The probability and statistics curricula in Vietnamese textbooks are much less than that of German textbooks. The Vietnamese textbooks focus on the mathematical content whereas the German textbooks focus on applications of the content in real life. Vietnamese textbooks tend to force students to accept probability and statistics knowledge while German textbooks encourage students to explore knowledge. Because of this, contexts relating to the contents in German textbooks are more detailed and more natural. German textbooks mainly use an inductive approach to present the contents whereas Vietnamese textbooks often use a deductive approach. In addition, German textbooks unlike those of Vietnam, always take advantage of realistic situations in exploring the contents, encourage co-operative learning and promote statistical reasoning by implementing several project works and provide an opportunity for practical experience and experiment by using the simulations of probability and statistics situations. The comparison shows the strengths of probability and statistics contents in German textbooks that Vietnamese textbooks can learn for the development of textbooks in future.
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Heinelt, Hubert, and Margit Mayer. "Local Politics Research in Germany: Developments and Characteristics in Comparative Perspective." European Urban and Regional Studies 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a032527.
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This article summarizes the development and peculiarities of research in urban politics in Germany. It is focused on the working group on Local Politics Research (Arbeitskreis Lokale Politikforschung/LoPoFo) within the German Political Science Association as the core of the scholarly debate in this country for nearly 30 years. The article consists of three parts. Part one highlights the paradigms of local politics research in Germany and its main distinctions from other disciplinary approaches in analysing urban topics - not at least sociology. The second part gives an overview of the different thematic orientations of the discussion since the 1970s. This leads to the third part in which strengths and weaknesses of local politics research in Germany are compared with the situation in other countries (especially the Anglo-Saxon world). It can be perceived as a strength that local politics research has been in many respects a front-runner in the disciplinary debate of political science in Germany. This is the result of the fact that most scholars engaged in local politics research do not act as 'urbanists' but as 'generalists', looking for urban topics as tokens of more general phenomena. However, this aspect reflects also a crucial weakness. There is not continuity in the debate, and a common understanding of theories and methodologies of research in local politics is missing. Last but not least, weaknesses and strengths are expressed in the structures of German universities where local politics is not institutionalized through curricula or job descriptions, as in the Anglo-Saxon world.
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Shatilova, Lyubov' Mikhailovna, and Ekaterina Igorevna Anufrieva. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF RUSSIAN AND GERMAN INTERJECTIONS." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 8-2 (August 2018): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2018-8-2.42.
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Kelly, Alfred, Hartmut Lehmann, and Hermann Wellenreuther. "German and American Nationalism: A Comparative Perspective." German Studies Review 24, no. 2 (May 2001): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1433499.
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Walker, Ronald W., and John A. Hawkins. "A Comparative Typology of English and German." Modern Language Journal 71, no. 1 (1987): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/326787.
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Eley, Geoff, Hartmut Lehmann, and Hermann Wellenreuther. "German and American Nationalism: A Comparative Perspective." Journal of American History 88, no. 1 (June 2001): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674992.
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Shannon, Thomas F., and John A. Hawkins. "A Comparative Typology of English and German." Language 64, no. 4 (December 1988): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414586.
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BLUM, WERNER, DAVID BURGHES, NIGEL GREEN, and GABRIELE KAISER-MESSMER. "British/German Comparative Project: Some Preliminary Results." Teaching Mathematics and its Applications 12, no. 1 (1993): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/teamat/12.1.13.
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Fahrmeir, A. "New Perspectives in Anglo-German Comparative History." German History 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghn051.
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Bork, Reinhard. "Creditors' Committees: An Anglo-German Comparative Study." International Insolvency Review 21, no. 2 (June 2012): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iir.1200.
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Makarushkova, A. A., and I. V. Solovyeva. "Comparative Legal Analysis of Modern Civil Law Sources in Russia, France and Germany." Actual Problems of Russian Law 1, no. 12 (January 20, 2020): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2019.109.12.149-161.
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Based on a comparative legal analysis, the paper discusses modern approaches to the system of sources of civil law in Russia, France and Germany. The authors draw attention to the similarities and differences (in form, name, structure, content, significance) of the sources of civil law of these countries, due to objective and subjective factors, as well as features of their legal systems. It is noted that the range of sources of civil law in France and Germany is much wider than in Russia. Among the sources of civil law of these legal systems, civil codes and laws containing civil law form a common ground for the system. Current trends include significant expansion and complication of the Russian civil law system of sources and its convergence with the laws of France and Germany. The authors conclude that there is a need to systematize and consolidate the detailed system of sources of civil law in Art. 3 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the adjustment of certain legal institutions of French and German civil law in order to improve Russian legislation and develop modern sources of Russian civil law and their system in the context of combining the experience of French and German law with domestic legal traditions.
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Elson, Peter R., Jean-Marc Fontan, Sylvain Lefèvre, and James Stauch. "Foundations in Canada: A Comparative Perspective." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 13 (May 20, 2018): 1777–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218775803.
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From a Canadian perspective, this article provides a comparative historical and contemporary overview of foundations in Canada, in relation to the United States and Germany. For the purposes of this analysis, the study was limited to public or private foundations in Canada, as defined by the Income Tax Act. As the Canadian foundation milieu straddles the welfare partnership model that characterizes German civil society and the Anglo-Saxon model of the United States, Canadian foundations as a whole have much in common with the foundation sector in both countries. Similarities include the number of foundations per capita, a similar range in size and influence, a comparable diversity of foundation types, and an explosion in the number of foundations in recent decades (although the United States has a much longer history of large foundations making high-impact interventions). This analysis also highlights some key differences among larger foundations in the three jurisdictions: German foundations are generally more apt to have a change-orientation and are more vigorous in their disbursement of income and assets. U.S. foundations are more likely to play a welfare-replacement role in lieu of inaction by the state. Canadian foundations play a complementary role, particularly in the areas of education and research, health, and social services. At the same time, there is a segment of Canadian foundations that are fostering innovation, social and policy change, and are embarking on meaningful partnerships and acts of reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples in Canada.
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Trofimik, A. G. "The Doctrine of Erroneous Judgment and the Modern Theory of Miscarriages of Justice in Germany: General Characteristics and Their Significance for Establishing the Truth in German Criminal Proceedings." Siberian Law Herald 2 (2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.2.104.
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The research of the German criminal process reveals the main theoretical characteristics of theory of miscarriages of justice in German criminal procedure. The essential aspects of the doctrine of erroneous judgment are established. The conclusion about the significance of the doctrine of erroneous judgment for the modern theory of miscarriages of justice in Germany is formulated. Based on a comprehensive research of original German sources, the main provisions of the doctrine of erroneous judgment and the modern theory of miscarriages of justice in Germany are enunciated. The influence of discursive philosophy on theoretical ideas about criminal proceedings is established. The immediate practical applicability of these theories is rather low. In the author’s opinion, their importance, among other things, is that the problematics of miscarriages of justice in Germany are closely related to the concept of truth in criminal proceedings, which is uncharacteristically of Russian research in the designated area. Based on the analysis of German doctrine, the significance of theoretical provisions for establishing the truth in a criminal procedure is determined. A pragmatic, utilitarian German approach to the legislative formulation of truth in criminal proceedings is represented. The legislative recognition and interpretation of the truth in criminal proceedings are expressed. The correlation between the theoretical provisions on material truth and the theory of miscarriages of justice is confirmed. As the result of the research the functional meaning of truth for the theory and practice of criminal proceedings in Germany is enunciated. In addition, the German theoretic definition of the concept of «miscarriage of justice» is given. Characteristic of this concept are identified. The significance of the scientific conclusions of this article consists in determining the fundamental suitability of German dogma and theory for a comparative legal research of miscarriages of justice in Russia and Germany.