Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comparative development'
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Basso, Alberto. "Essays in comparative economic development." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/31365.
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Hands, Philip Stuart. "Comparative grain development in temperate grasses." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27807.
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Temperate or pooid cereal crops, such as wheat, barley and oat, represent a major world food source much of which is attributable to the storage capabilities of the cereal endosperm and influences of domestication selection. Brachypodium distachyon has recently become established as a genome-sequenced model system and the first wild member of the Pooideae be studied in detail. We provide the first detailed description of grain development in Brachypodium assessing its suitability as a model for grain development in crop species. Cellular and molecular mapping of developing Brachypodium endosperm domains reveals significant differences in aleurone differentiation reflecting differences in grain filling and endosperm storage reserves. We extend this survey of grain morphology and endosperm organisation to a wider sample of the Pooideae incorporating both wild and cultivated species. Focusing on the functionally important aleurone domains, distinct patterns of grain tissue organisation are described. Results indicate that organizational features are correlated to species’ ecological and grain quality characters and that the modified aleurone region, absent in Brachypodium, may be a feature of only a subset of cereals, specifically the Triticeae tribe. A more systematic candidate gene approach focusing on transcription factors was initiated in attempts to find the genes underpinning this variation. The identification of orthologous key regulatory genes with both similar and contrasting patterns of expression provides information on the differences and conservation of grain developmental pathways amongst the Pooideae. To investigate function of candidate genes, publically available insertional mutants for major MADS-box and YABBY genes were obtained and characterized, while simultaneously attempting to establish genetic transformation protocols to enable RNAi analyses of other candidate genes.
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Maundeni, Zibani. "Development and the developmental state : a comparative analysis of Botswana and Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323505.
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O'Malley, William Joseph. "The Informal sector under Ohada: Implications for law and development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27810.
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This dissertation evaluates the Organization for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa (OHADA) in relation to the informal sector in West Africa. The paper also considers the challenges to successful legal reform arising from the interaction of African cultural and social values with imposed formal law. Means to improve links between OHADA formal laws and institutions to the realities of the majority of Africans living and operating in the informal sector are suggested. These topics are explored within a thematic context of desiring to enhance the development prospects for the people in the region.
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Kwong, Sing-szee, and 鄺勝仕. "Management development in Hong Kong: a comparative study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265388.
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Ghaffari, Saeed R. "Development and application of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH)." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390763.
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Anikin, Vasiliy. "Skills training and development : Russia in comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21789/.
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The acquisition and maintenance of human capital are considered key drivers of productivity and economic growth. However, recent literature shows that in the case of Russia, this relationship is not obvious, which raises a question concerning the nature of human capital accumulation, despite the significant expansion of tertiary education in this country. The existing literature, much of it relying on a theory of market imperfections, tends to explain low incidences of training by the lack of employer incentives to invest in the human capital of their employees. This dissertation adds to this view confirming the negative role of ‘bad’ jobs and social origins in obstructing employees from skills development in BRIC-like countries. Skills training in Russia is constrained by stratifying occupational forces comprising jobs with low requirements to skills development, which conserves the working population in generic labour. This reveals the phenomenon of skills polarisation ‘at the bottom’ in a late-industrial country, thus, contributing to the growing critique of the knowledge society theory. For those few workers who occupy ‘good’ jobs, skills training is strongly linked to personal-specific traits, such as qualifications and computer and language skills; and this is common in both Russia and India. However, in contrast to Russia, India is still forming their knowledge society. This is confirmed by the statistically significant impact of socio-demographic origins (e.g. age, household size, marital status, and religion) on the incidence of training, which reveals a crucial role of ascription in human capital acquisition in contemporary India. The present thesis contributes to the growing literature on structural prerequisites for successful advancement and the contradictory development of the BRIC countries.
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Barlow, Norman James. "Antiandrogens and Development of the Male Rat Reproductive Tract." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02102003-053205/.
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Di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) is an antiandrogen with known human exposure. The objectives of this thesis were to investigate the development of male reproductive tract malformations secondary to in utero DBP exposure from the fetus to the adult, to characterize the effects of DBP on fetal testicular gene expression for the steroidogenic enzymes, and to further explore DBP?s potential for inducing Leydig cell adenomas following gestational exposure. In utero DBP exposure led to a characteristic set of fetal testicular lesions including large aggregates of fetal Leydig cells, multinucleated gonocytes, and increased numbers of gonocytes. In addition to the testicular effects, DBP also caused maldevelopment of the epididymides. During the early postnatal period the fetal testicular lesions became less apparent while decreased numbers of spermatocytes were observed. Underdeveloped epididymides noted in fetuses remained small or failed to fully develop resulting in epididymides with missing components. Malformed epididymides were fully manifest in the adult with absent portions observed both unilaterally and bilaterally. Testicular atrophy with loss of spermatocytes became more severe as gestationally exposed animals matured. Gene expression for the steroidogenic enzymes was examined in testes exposed to DBP in utero. Gene expression was decreased for P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and P450c17; while mRNA expression for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the final step in testosterone biosynthesis, was not altered. In utero exposure to DBP failed to induce an increased incidence of classical Leydig cell adenomas. However, a dysgenetic lesion composed of numerous poorly differentiated Leydig cells surrounding immature seminiferous tubules was identified. Testicular dysgenesis was observed with a similar incidence between age groups in mature rats, which supports in utero induction by DBP rather than development over time. Together these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of DBP-initiated male reproductive tract malformations.
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Perrin, Amandine. "Tools for massive bacterial comparative genomics : Development and Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03789655.
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La génomique comparative bactérienne consiste à comparer les contenus en gène des différentes souches : leur pangenome. Avec le nombre croissant de séquençages, les logiciels existants au début de cette thèse arrivaient à leurs limites en termes de temps de calcul et de mémoire. L’enjeu était de passer à l’échelle de milliers de génomes dans un temps raisonnable, en gardant une précision correcte. De plus, à notre connaissance, aucun logiciel ne permettait d’effectuer toutes les étapes clés d’une étude de génomique comparative. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons développé PanACoTA, un outil ayant pour but de standardiser et automatiser la préparation de données pour ces études, depuis le téléchargement des génomes et leur contrôle qualité jusqu’à l’inférence de l’arbre phylogénétique du core génome (gènes communs à tous les génomes). Son implémentation sous forme de modules a été pensée pour permettre de s’adapter aux besoins spécifiques de certaines études (exploration de paramètres, étapes supplémentaires). Concernant le module « pangenome », nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode, s’appuyant sur des outils récents de comparaison et clustering de séquences. Robuste aux changements d’échelle, elle permet de calculer un pangénome de 4000 souches en 30 minutes. Au cours de son développement, nous avons appliqué PanACoTA dans différents contextes. Nous avons montré l’utilité de l’outil sur des études à court terme (recherche de la particularité d’une souche épidémique d’E. anophelis), sur du long terme (étude de la diversité génomique de l’espèce E. coli), ou encore pour différencier différentes espèces d’un genre peu connu (Morganella)Bacterial comparative genomics consists in comparing the gene contents of different strains: their pangenome. With the increasing number of strains sequenced, the tools available when I started this PhD were reaching their limits in terms of computation time and space. The aim was to develop a method able to handle thousands of genomes, accurately and in a reasonable amount of time. Besides, to our knowledge, no tool was able to do all key steps of any comparative genomics study. This spurred the development of PanACoTA, a tool to standardize and automatize the process to build the key collections of data needed for these studies. This includes all steps from downloading genomes with a quality control until the inference of a phylogenetic tree based on the core genome (genes shared by all strains). In order to be able to adapt to specific needs (exploration of parameters, additional steps), we implemented it in a modular way. For the “pangenome” module, we developed a new method, based on recent tools of genome comparison and clustering. Robust to changes in sampling size, this method can infer a pangenome of 4000 strains in 30 minutes. During its development, we applied PanACoTA to different kinds of studies. We showed its usefulness for short-term studies (find specificity of a pathogenic strain of E. anophelis), long-term (genomic diversity of E. coli species), or to identify different species in an little-known genus (Morganella)
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Pearson, James Todd. "A comparative study of the energetics of avian reproduction /." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php361.pdf.
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Aslam, Gulshan, and Faisal Farooq. "A comparative study on Traditional Software Development Methods and Agile Software Development Methods." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsområde Informationsteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15383.
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Everyone is talking about the software development methods but these methods are categorised into the different parts and the most important are two categories, one is agile software development methods and second is using the traditional software development methods. Agile software methods are relatively considered to be quick and for the small teams. Our main mission is to check which method is better from each other, so for that purpose we go out in the software development market to meet the professional to ask about their satisfaction on these software development methods. Our research is based on to see the suitable method for the professionals; see the challenges on the adoptability of methods and which method is quicker. To perform this study we have gone through a survey questionnaire, and results are analysed by using mixed method approach. Results shows that professionals from both types of methods are satisfied but professionals with traditional methods are more satisfy with their methods with respect to development of quality software, whereas agile professionals are more satisfied with their methods with respect of better communication with their customers. With agility point of view, our study says that both methods have characteristics which support agility but not fully support, so in such case we need to customize features from both types of methodologies.
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Webber, Andrew J. M. "Planning Northwest British Columbia economic development : a comparative study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26937.
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The thesis is; a retrospective examination of two economic plans and their respective planning processes, undertaken for the same area during the same time period. The geographic setting for the thesis is northwestern British Columbia. The time period covered by the review is approximately 1980 to 1985.
The thesis describes the differences which can occur between the two plans and searches for variations in the planning processes which seem to account for these differences. The economic plan produced by the British Columbia provincial government recommends a future regional economy based on large-scale, capital-intensive technology and functional integration of the region with a world economy. The planning process used was centralized and technocratic. The other plan, produced by the regional Economic Development Commission, also recommends functional integration but is oriented towards sustained community development and appropriate (i.e. small-scale, locally-controlled) technology. The plan is informed by a locally-based, participatory process.
Categories for comparing the two plans and processes are drawn from regional development planning literature, planning theory literature and review of the cases themselves. Nine planning process variables are employed in the analysis. The study concludes that the critical planning process variables which affect the content of the plans are: the level of public participation in each process, the manner in which control over planning process is centralized or decentralized, and the spatial interest of key actors. The study method used, an ex post facto case study, however, can only infer causal relationships between process and plan variables; it does not provide certain knowledge of these relationships.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Teriman, Suharto. "Measuring neighbourhood sustainability : a comparative analysis of residential types in Malaysia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54679/1/Suharto_Teriman_Thesis.pdf.
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The expansion of city-regions, the increase in the standard of living and changing lifestyles have collectively led to an increase in housing demand. New residential areas are encroaching onto the city fringes including suburban and green field areas. Large and small developers are actively building houses ranging from a few blocks to master-planned style projects. These residential developments, particularly in major urban areas, represent a large portion of urban land use in Malaysia, and, thus, have become a major contributor to overall urban sustainability. There are three main types that comprise the mainstream, and form integral parts to contemporary urban residential developments, namely, subdivision developments, piecemeal developments, and master-planned developments. Many new master-planned developments market themselves as environmentally friendly, and provide layouts that encompass sustainable design and development. To date, however, there have been limited studies conducted to examine such claims or to ascertain which of these three residential development layouts is more sustainable. To fill this gap, this research was undertaken to develop a framework for assessing the level of sustainability of residential developments, focusing on their layouts at the neighbourhood level.
The development of this framework adopted a mixed method research strategy and embedded research design to achieve the study aim and objectives. Data were collected from two main sources, where quantitative data were gathered from a three-round Delphi survey and spatial data from a layout plan. Sample respondents for surveys were selected from among experts in the field of the built environment, both from Malaysia and internationally. As for spatial data, three case studies – master-planned, piecemeal and subdivision developments representing different types of neighbourhood developments in Malaysia have been selected. Prior to application on the case studies, the appropriate framework was subjected to validation to ascertain its robustness for application in Malaysia.
Following the application of the framework on the three case studies the results revealed that master-planned development scored a better level of sustainability compared to piecemeal and subdivision developments. The results generated from this framework are expected to provide evidence to the policy makers and development agencies as well as provide an awareness of the level of sustainability and the necessary collective efforts required for developing sustainable neighbourhoods. Continuous assessment can facilitate a comparison of sustainability over time for neighbourhoods as a means to monitor changes in the level of sustainability. In addition, the framework is able to identify any particular indicator (issue) that causes a significant impact on sustainability.
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Lombardi, Caitlin McPherran. "Early Maternal Employment and Children's Academic and Behavioral Skills: a Comparative Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3345.
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Thesis advisor: Rebekah L. ColeyThe goal of this dissertation was to delineate the repercussions of early maternal employment for children's early developmental competencies in the U.S., Australia, and the U.K. and to test economic and psychological theories regarding potential mechanisms linking maternal employment with children's development, including time, money, and stress. Prior research has focused on older, non-representative cohorts of American children, with results suggesting full-time employment in the first year after childbirth is linked with lower cognitive and behavioral skills. It is unclear if these same patterns exist in more recent cohorts and in other countries with differing cultural expectations and policy environments for families, most notably more comprehensive parental leave policies. Data came from representative samples of children born in each country between 2000 and 2004: (1) the U.S.'s Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (N=10,100), (2) Australia's Longitudinal Study of Australian Children-Birth Cohort (N=5,093), and (3) the U.K.'s Millennium Cohort Study (N= 18,497). In each dataset, mother's employment data were coded to assess the month of entry into employment following childbirth. Extensive, well-validated direct assessment, mother report, and teacher report measures assessed children's cognitive and behavioral skills following entry into formal schooling. Descriptive data showed very different patterns of entry into employment: American mothers entered employment the earliest and at the highest intensity with more gradual, lower intensity returns by Australian and British mothers. OLS regression models weighted with propensity scores and controlling for a rich array of child and maternal characteristics suggested that early movements into employment had few associations with children's cognitive or behavioral skills in any of the countries. These neutral associations were not differentiated by maternal time, stress, or wages. However, as non-maternal household income decreased, early employment was linked with higher cognitive skills in the U.S. while employment begun before two years was linked with higher behavioral skills in Australia. There was no evidence of moderation by non-maternal household income in the U.K. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for work family policy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
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Van, Dyk Johannes Jacobus. "Countertrade as a development tool: a comparative analytical approach." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5054.
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This study explores the consequences of defence countertrade arrangements for national development based on the South African experience in comparative perspective. Although defence countertrade has been controversial in many contexts, it is concluded that it may play a positive developmental role. This is premised on the central role governments can play in ensuring that countertrade's role in national economic development – global pressures and neo-liberalism notwithstanding – remains an important tool through which active industrial policy may be pursued. This can include developing and maintaining a defence industrial base (DIB) in those countries that have such capabilities. Countertrade occurs under two kinds of market conditions. The one is where there is a natural need for trading but it is constrained in some way, for example, by an absence of currency or an oversupply. Under these conditions countries can resort to bartering, which involves a commodity for commodity exchange and no money. The second market condition is one where countertrade is purposefully structured to secure reciprocal benefits as a condition of a commercial sales transaction - defence or civil in nature. This is referred to as leveraged procurement and manifests primarily as defence offsets involving the defence industrial base, which is the concern of this study. Around 40 per cent of countries, including South Africa, use various purposely structured government procurement programmes when procuring goods and services abroad. These programmes apply the principle of reciprocity through the use of internationally accepted countertrade practices that manifest in many diverse ways. Although „countertrade‘ is the collective term, it is regularly referred to as „offsets‘. Procurement leverage is used to secure some reciprocal benefit from the foreign seller (benefits sought vary from country to country). Countertrade-related practices occur widely despite the fact that the World Trade Organisation's (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA6) rules out the use of offsets. Their use is viewed as a discriminatory procurement practice that interferes with free trade. However, the WTO allows for exceptions in the case of developing countries and also for national security and public health contracts. It is important to note that countertrade (and offset) practices, valued in billions of US Dollars, are applicable mostly to defence contracts, although becoming increasingly relevant in non-defence (i.e. civil) government procurements. This research systematically interrogated and investigated issues surrounding the origins and subsequent popular and increased use of countertrade since the 1980s. The purported negative impact of defence-related offsets on the defence industrial base (i.e. the loss or gain of jobs, technology and market share) of both the exporting and receiving countries is of particular concern to the US government and the European Union (EU). My exploratory mixed method research, together with practitioner (insider) and reflexive research approaches, culminated in a primarily descriptive, qualitative, analytical narrative. The research is further founded on structured survey questionnaires. These specific research approaches are known to be subjective and biased and I thus needed to take extra care to prevent emotive subjectivities, primarily through triangulating my findings against a variety of other views and arguments pertaining to the research question. This was done to provide for a holistic overview, and in consideration of the case study, in particular. It must be noted that South Africa has two sets of industrial participation policies and practices. One is Defence Industrial Participation (DIP) managed exclusively by Armscor, South Africa's acquisition agency, which favours pursuing defence industry development objectives. The other is the National Industrial Participation Programme (NIPP), managed independently by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The NIPP is primarily focused on the civil industry with a bias towards manufacturing, investments and exports. The DIP is the focus of the case study element of this research. Since its inception in 1968, Armscor has been tasked with establishing a DIB. Until the late 1980s, this DIB made huge strides in developing unique defence equipment to cater for the harsh Southern African environment and its military operational conditions. The DIB's development was enhanced further by the various UN embargoes imposed on the former South African apartheid government. Owing to these embargoes, Armscor dealt with all its defence imports (and exports) in a clandestine manner. Armscor was the only government entity that applied countertrade from around 1988 until 1996 when the DTI introduced NIPP. During the latter part of 1996, Armscor redrafted its countertrade policy with the new DIP policy approved in early 1997. This policy was applied during the biggest arms transaction in South Africa‟s history, namely, the Strategic Defence Package (SDP). A DIP commitment of circa R15 billion resulted from the equipment bought under the SDP. This study investigated how the DIP manifested in practice from 2000 to 2012 within the DIB that involved numerous South African Defence Industry (SADI) entities. The study considered the DIB, its growth and decline, and to what extent the DIP assisted it to retain its capabilities and capacities, including the retention of jobs. Hence, parts of the case study cover issues related to the South African military complex and the SDP‟s selection process. Subsequent investigations into alleged acts of misconduct and maladministration in the selection process, fraud and corruption are also covered, although not in detail, since this matter is sub judice the outcome of the 2011 presidential appointed Arms Procurement Commission (APC) of inquiry that is anticipating completing its investigations in 2015. Although there are many derivative views on the actual defence equipment needs of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), the study did not endeavour to analyse these views in depth as they are adequately covered in the 1996 Defence Review. Similarly, there are views expressed that South Africa paid much more for its equipment compared with similar types of equipment bought by other countries. A cost comparative analysis was not performed as the exact configuration of each type of equipment can differ substantially due to the unique operational needs of the various defence forces – the exact configuration of such equipment is not in the public domain, since it is a sovereign security concern. Despite many opposing views, it is concluded that DIP (also referred to as defence offsets) has worked for South Africa: in many ways the South African DIP practice compares favourably with internationally accepted best practices. The research‟s postulation that countertrade can be used as a possible development mechanism is therefore supported by the findings of this study that showed that DIP had a positive retention impact on the DIB, and jobs, and made a positive contribution to Gross National Product (GNP7). The study found that the 1997 DIP policy needed to be much better aligned with the broader strategic national industrial development aims and objectives, including better corroboration with the NIPP. In this respect critical inferences are made that the DIP policy primarily focused on the SADI and its capabilities, without considering its wider application in a broader industrial sense. However, in the context of the Armscor legal mandate (i.t.o. Act 57 of 1968) ensuring the establishment of a DIB in South Africa, the DIP policy was clear in its intent to specifically further the interests of only the SADI. However, the 2014 Defence Review recommends that the DIP policy should be much more focused and even prescriptive when considering specific strategic defence needs. Although DIP policy directives contain requirements for establishing strategic local capabilities and capacities that could adequately cater for logistic support, repair and maintenance of foreign produced defence equipment, this aspect was not well contracted in the 1999 SDP. There is also general consensus that foreign obligors should in future not be allowed the freedoms of choice evident in the SDP‟s DIP process, which resulted in numerous smaller companies not benefitting as was generally anticipated. Future defence contracts should not be signed without an appropriate DIP business plan. Hence, all indications are that the DIP regime in South Africa is set to become much more stringent in its application and subsequent discharge administration.
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Mustafiz, Sadaf. "Addressing fault tolerance in software development : a comparative study." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81365.
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Current mainstream software engineering methods do not consider fault tolerance in the requirements engineering and analysis stage. If at all, they only address it much later in the development cycle. However, most modern systems can benefit from some form of fault-tolerance. Especially, complex, concurrent, distributed, or heterogeneous applications are likely to contain software design faults that can lead to system failures. In case of real-time or safety-critical systems, such faults can also result in catastrophes.This thesis aims to investigate whether software development approaches have integrated the concern of fault tolerance into the early software development stages to satisfy dependability requirements. Software development methods, frameworks, middleware, and other proposed approaches have been studied and are discussed with particular focus on methodological support. Not surprisingly, most approaches are specialized, targeting distributed, real-time, and embedded systems. Finally, a comparison of the various approaches, based on several criteria, is presented.
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Wobber, Victoria Elizabeth. "Comparative Cognitive Development and Endocrinology in Pan and Homo." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10253.
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Key insights into the evolutionary origins of human social behavior can be gained via study of our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Despite being equally related to humans, these two species differ importantly in aspects of their morphology, physiology, behavior, and cognition. Morphological comparisons reveal numerous traits in bonobos that can be viewed as paedomorphic, or juvenile, relative to chimpanzees. Meanwhile, comparisons of endocrinology in the two species suggest that aspects of steroid physiology have changed significantly in bonobos in line with their reductions in male mating competition. Based on this evidence, I tested the hypothesis that behavioral and cognitive differences between bonobos and chimpanzees derive from changes in their 1) developmental trajectories of behavioral and cognitive traits and 2) neuroendocrine influences on behavior and cognition. I tested this hypothesis by studying semi free-ranging populations of bonobos and chimpanzees. First, I found that bonobos retained juvenile levels of food sharing and social inhibition into adulthood, leading them to differ from chimpanzees in these traits as adults. Second, I found that bonobos showed muted elevations in their levels of testosterone from infancy to adulthood in comparison to chimpanzees, suggesting that numerous aspects of development differ between these two species. Third, I found that male bonobos and chimpanzees differ in their immediate neuroendocrine shifts surrounding competition, implicating changes in proximate mechanisms influencing social behavior between the two species. Fourth, I found that patterns of cognitive development in these two apes differed significantly from those of human children. These results provide substantial support for my hypothesis that phenotypic differences between bonobos and chimpanzees evolved via shifts in bonobo development and neuroendocrine physiology. More broadly, they illustrate how behavioral and cognitive evolution can occur through changes in ontogenetic trajectories and neuroendocrine mechanisms. These findings thus show the merits of integrating ultimate and proximate levels of analysis in studies of the evolution of human behavior and cognition.Human Evolutionary Biology
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Suhermanto, Herry. "Industrial-estate development mechanism in Indonesia : a comparative analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70218.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1992.Title as it appears in the June, 1990 MIT Graduate List: Indonesia industrial estate as a decentralization strategy.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-108).
by Herry Suhermanto.
M.C.P.
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Haji-Mohiddin, Hajah Mas Nooraini. "WAQF development in Malaysia and Singapore : a comparative study." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11118/.
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Waqf or endowment as an institution begins with a pious intention to do good deeds for the benefit of one and others. In other words, waqf is a dedication made by one person for the benefit of others, with the intention that the dedicator be entitled to a continuous reward from Allah the Creator throughout the period of the endowment. Once the waqf is declared by the person it will effect a transfer of the property which is the subject matter of the dedication to Allah Almighty. However the benefit derived from the use of property will be given in accordance with the founder’s intention. Historically, waqf played a key role in the development of Muslim societies. Waqf served the Muslim community (ummah) in almost all fields, such as religion, education, medicine and other socio-economic activities. However, nowadays waqf has become dormant and less popular in Muslim countries. Waqf no longer serves the needs of the ummah due to problems, such as mismanagement, waqf laws and awareness of it in Muslim society. The status of waqf has deteriorated to such an extent that in some countries waqf assets have been neglected and abandoned. As a result of colonialism, Malaysia and Singapore adopted western laws, which precede Islamic laws including those dealing with waqf. Despite this, Johor and Singapore still provide the best models of the successful development of waqf. Therefore, it is interesting to compare the different environments and situations of the two states in order to identify the challenges faced by waqf institutions in both states. Based on a comprehensive literature review of issues affecting waqf in the two states, the following major themes were identified; legal issues, perceptions, management and operation. The importance of the legal system is basically to support and protect waqf in areas such as registration or amending the deeds. Any change in contemporary law does not necessarily mean it is against Shariah principles, as long as the state regulation upholds Shariah principles, in order to protect the waqf while catering for the current situation. Generally, both quantitative and qualitative data support the theory that many people still believe that waqf is only for religious purposes. The data obtained from both states also show that national differences play an important role in the variation of knowledge and awareness of waqf. In managing waqf, there are problems or challenges that have to be faced. The problems that can be detected are from three kinds, namely; development, management and public awareness. However, lack of awareness amongst the public becomes problematic when there is a need to increase and improve waqf assets. Based on the empirical analysis presented in this thesis, the last chapter’s purpose is to highlight policy recommendations with respect to improving waqf development and increasing public awareness. This small contribution not only fulfils the research requirement but hopefully also helps to make my beloved small country Brunei Darussalam more aware of and concerned with this important institution.
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Jogineedi, Rohit. "Development of Comparative Wear Test of ASTM G75 Standard." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2240.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF ROHIT JOGINEEDI, for the Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and Processes, presented on 11/06/2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: DEVELOPMENT OF COMPARATIVE WEAR TEST FOR ASTM G75 STANDARD MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Peter Filip Industries related to tribology field invest huge amounts in testing products they handle. Most of their budget goes into running tests on corresponding friction, wear or lubrication testing instruments. These tests are observed to be consuming more time with an increase in operational costs. This gained importance among industries for developing economical testing methods designed to run on one or more machines to study tribological conditions. As friction and wear are system properties, change in system variables like distance, velocity, time and area can have notable impact on those properties. This paper discusses about various approaches to develop comparative test on sub scale testers for ASTM G75 standard. Scaling Laws of Physics and comparison of wear mode are two approaches used in this paper to justify the comparative test developed for ASTM G75 on a bench top tester developed by Bruker. Results from the ASTM G75 standard and the UMT are compared and concluded that scaling strategies cannot be used to replicate the standard test methods on sub scale testers but comparison of wear mode could help. This proposed comparative test for ASTM G75 is observed to have lower operational costs thereby decreasing the amount of investment on testing friction or wear products in an industry.
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Wilbraham, Rebecca. "Place branding and urban development : a comparative international study." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3781.
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The place branding field is typified by limited theoretical development, to ensure a robust theoretical basis for this study a discursive institutionalist approach has been employed leading to an investigation of place branding defined by the relationship between institutions and narrative. NewcastleGateshead was the core case for this study enabling a close investigation of the construction of a place branding campaign as it happened. This city also formed the basis for the selection of four subsidiary case studies: Leipzig, Malmö, Manchester and Torino. This comparative analysis can claim three key contributions to the field. First, place branding is inherently geographical and dependent on the institutional context of its location. The institutional environment in terms of leadership, cooperation and culture and the institutional arrangements in relation to scale and organisational forms; the strategic, narrating and animating organisations in a location, have an impact on the place branding activity that takes place. Second, place branding can be understood as an embedded historical process. The evolutionary concepts of path dependence, path creation and particularly path plasticity add to the analysis of the development of place branding activities in the cities. Finally, place branding’s main contribution to urban development lies in its ability to enhance the strategic development and management of the city in three key ways. First, by increasing the self-awareness of actors in the city; second, by aiding in the coordination of actors in the city; and finally, through the opportunity to determine a brand geography, enabling city actors to construct the most advantageous geography to further urban development aims. These findings indicate the need for the field to more accurately explore place branding’s potential contribution and to recognise place branding as historical and place specific in order to move beyond accounts which reduce it to a homogenous activity.
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Tsa, Tak-yan Dane. "A comparative study of the woodfuel crisis and rural energy planning in India and China." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13288635.
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Mowatt, Simon. "The development and character of management in Spain." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27105.
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The study seeks to characterise management in Spain in general. It seeks to explain, within a social cultural framework, how management in Spain differs in values and structure from that in the United Kingdom. The basis of the study is empirical evidence largely derived from interviews with managers practising in Spain. The study concludes that there are underlying similarities in management values across regions and' industries in Spain that are different from those prevalent in Britain. Of special interest are the prioritisation of human individual values, the nature of the authority structure and the principal methods of communication which managers choose to employ.
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Paau, Chun-ming Jose. "Comparative study on podium structure for urban development in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42931095.
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Zokoza, Makhaya. "The impact of the Blue Crane development agency on tourism development: a comparative analysis." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018602.
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This research investigates the impact of the Blue Crane Development Agency (BCDA) on tourism development by comparing the implementation of the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Blue Crane Route Municipality (BCRM) with the Responsible Tourism Sector Plan of the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM). In the latter instance, there is no development agency involved. A qualitative approach to research is applied with a specific focus on in-depth interviews. The literature review focuses on responsible tourism, local economic development (LED) and development agencies. The research is grounded in the Endogenous Growth Theory. The research notes the phenomenal success of the development agency model for delivery of LED projects. There is a notable growth in the tourism sector within the BCRM. With 45 permanent jobs created, the BCRM is a better place as compared to what it was in the era prior to the establishment of the BCDA. This surpasses by far the number of jobs created in the SRVM where the development agency model does not exist. The South African Local Government Association (SALGA) prefers a district-wide development agency as opposed to a local development agency. The establishment of Cacadu Development Agency (CDA) follows this suggestion. The findings of this research are thus very significant for the SALGA in their pursuit for best practices in LED. Both the BCRM and the SRVM are under-marketed, a negative factor on their tourism growth and development. Placing of billboards at the Ncanara interchange to advertise them would ideally enhance their tourism marketing campaigns. The research also finds that both local municipalities have inadequate monitoring and evaluation systems for projects. In this respect, the research suggests that the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency (ECPTA) should consider conducting a provincial research covering all the districts, on the contribution of tourism to the local economies. As a provincial entity, the ECPTA would be better placed to undertake that task. They would have less legal restrictions imposed by jurisdictional issues than would a local municipality. The research recommends the relocation of the CDA and the CDM from the metropolitan city of Port Elizabeth to one of the local municipalities. That would most likely increase business tourism, thereby boosting the local economy in the relevant small municipality. In conclusion, this research proposes that the presence of a development agency enhances tourism growth and development in the BCRM.
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Dérome, Léo. "Study of NGOs in development: A comparative analysis of CUSO and development and peace." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5792.
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Joseph, Brian A. "Tourism and economic development in the Caribbean comparative advantage deferred /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313917941&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chin, Ching-wah Henry, and 錢淸華. "A comparative study of the economic development in Hong Kong and Taiwan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976931.
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Kline, Michaela. "Youth Entrepreneurship in Practice: A Comparative Case Study Analysis." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1430683124.
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Toplis, Rachel. "Recollective experiences in children and adults : a comparative study." Thesis, University of East London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363463.
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Ericsson, Rolf. "A Comparative Study of Head Development in Mexican Axolotl and Australian Lungfish: Cell Migration, Cell Fate and Morphogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3444.
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Ntsaluba, Sango Siviwe. "Comparative analysis of financing instruments used by development finance institutions: lessons for Brics Development Bank." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28993.
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Financing instruments are the means by which development finance institutions carry out their mandate of addressing the socio-economic needs of the country, group of countries or a region. It is of great importance that the development and application of financing instruments should be in line with the objectives for which the development finance institutions were established. The literature reviewed was intended to establish the reasons for the existence of development finance institutions and their role in private sector development. Furthermore, literature was reviewed to establish various financing instruments developed and applied by development finance institutions. The study is premised on the fact that new DFIs can be complementary thus an assessment of DFIs will provide instrument and sectoral gaps which the BRCIS Bank can take advantage of. As such, the study was to examine the financing instruments that development finance institutions (DFIs) use to address their economic objectives and identify lessons for the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) Development Bank. The study employed the qualitative exploratory research strategy. Documents and in-depth interviews were used as data. The sample included major multilateral, regional and bilateral development finance institutions operating in developing economies, including BRICS countries. The author established that there are varied founding objectives of development finance institutions and that there is wide use of traditional financing instruments of debt and equity. However, there is limited use of innovative financing instruments such as project finance and those applied in Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). The main recommendation made is that BRICS Bank should take advantage of the existing instrument and sectoral gaps if it is going to survive not only as a competitor but a complementary DFI. In addition it should consider the introduction of innovative instruments that take into account developing and emerging economies realities. In light of mission drift and agency issues the BRICS Bank should have robust governance and monitoring and evaluation frameworks that will ensure that its founding objectives are pursued.
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Subasat, Turan. "Export-led development : a theoretical and empirical investigation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313349.
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Seibold, Michael Eduard. "European tennis : a comparative analysis of Talent Identification and Development (TID)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8212.
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This thesis critically examines and assesses how Talent Identification and Development (TID) programmes for tennis are organised and implemented in four European countries. The thesis is based upon a multi-disciplinary and comparative research design, using both quantitative and qualitative research strategies, and the research methods of literature surveys, documentary research and semi-structured interviews, supplemented by a self-completion questionnaire. The study directly compares the views of key actors (players, coaches, administrators and parents) involved in TID practice in tennis in two of the countries: the Czech Republic and Germany. Two additional European countries, the United Kingdom (but focussing on England) and France, also form part of the research for comparative purposes. Following an original analysis of published and unpublished national and international literature, websites, documents and data in each of these countries, interviews were conducted in English and German with 39 key informants from the Czech Republic and Germany. The results indicated gaps between the theory and practice of TID and that tennis in the countries examined is likely to remain and become an even more socially exclusive sport within the next few years. Talent Development will be funded either by the public sport system, by private initiative, or both, but talent identification and development in tennis will remain limited to children from families with above average financial backgrounds.
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Klasing, Mariko J. "Essays on cultural and institutional determinants of comparative economic development /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000292665.
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Li, Xian, and Qian Cao. "A Comparative Study of Value in Agile Software Development Organizations." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13981.
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Context. Agile software development mainly focuses on value creation, and the first principle of theAgile Manifesto is to deliver a valuable software to customers. In spite of the great significance of value,there are few studies investigated what value is from the perspective of industry practitioners. Objectives. In this study we perform a replication study about value definitions, usage, andmeasurements in China and make a comparative analysis with the similar study did in Sweden. Theprimary objectives of this study are to: a) identify value aspects from Chinese software organizations;b) list and describe activities to achieve or maximize the value aspects, and also with the measurements;c) find the similarities and differences between China and Sweden. Methods. The data was collected by using the semi-structured interviews from 30 participants in 20Chinese agile software development organizations. We utilized the content analysis and the Statisticsmethods to analyze the 30 data points. Results. The participants identified 18 value aspects and prioritized them, and the value aspects wereanalyzed by domains and roles. The three most important value aspects are the Delivery process w.r.t.time, Organization, and Team members; different domain focused on different value aspects; the projectmanager concerned more about the Delivery process w.r.t. time, Organization, and Team members,while the product owners focused more on Customer satisfaction. Then, we list and described theactivities to achieve or maximize the value aspects, described some methods and strategies tomeasure/assure/evaluate them. Most of the activities were related to agile practices and the mostactivities were used to achieve the Delivery process w.r.t. time. Finally, we presented the similaritiesand differences between those value results from China and Sweden, the most important difference isthat the Swedish participants put the Customer value perspective at the first place, while Chineseparticipants would like to balance the value between Customer and Internal Business. Conclusions. We concluded that: 1) the Chinese participants thought that the key success factor of asoftware product was to delivery it with high quality to customers on time; 2) the main activities toachieve value were related to agile practices, and some participants used some tools to assure projectprocess; 3) For better communications and collaborations between Chinese and Swedish softwarecompanies, we recommend: a) for Chinese companies, they need to i) concern more about Customerperspective than before; ii) understand the core concepts of agile methods and their using contexts forflexible application; iii) transfer from traditional organization architecture to project-based organizationarchitecture; b) for Swedish companies, they need to i) focus more on Internal business perspective; ii)use some tools and methods to achieve their value aspects; iii) find a suitable way to collaborate betweenagile teams and non-agile teams.
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Rust-Ryan, Alan. "A comparative analysis of housing action trust community development policies." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442496.
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Suh, Jaein. "COMPARATIVE STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS POLYOLEFINS IN INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1185501428.
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Green, Matthew. "Economic Reform and the Comparative Development of Major Chinese Cities." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195921.
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My dissertation is a comparative case study of the developmental trajectories of eight major cities within the People's Republic of China during the post-economic reform period of 1978 to the present: 1) Hong Kong, 2) Guangzhou, 3) Shenzhen, 4) Shanghai, 5) Beijing, 6) Tianjin, 7) Shenyang, and 8) Wuhan. Theoretically, I situate this study within the existing research on globalization and cities, most notably work on global cities or world cities, as well as research considering the impact of globalization on the nation-state. By documenting the economic and urban development of each city and analyzing data on various municipal-level indicators (e.g., population growth, foreign direct investment, political connectivity), I attempt to present the causal conditions explaining why some Chinese cities - Shanghai, Beijing, and Hong Kong - have developed into global cities, whereas other cities - Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Tianjin - have adopted more secondary roles within the Chinese urban system. In addition, I aim to account for why more peripheral cities - Shenyang and Wuhan - have not experienced a comparable level of urban and economic growth. Particular consideration is given to how the development of each city during the post-reform period has been tied to the economic and political policy decisions of the Chinese central government, as well as the importance of political connections between municipal officials and state leadership for attaining global city status.
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Antunes, Victoria Villela Nunes. "Are multilateral development banks protecting indigenous peoples? A comparative analysis." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24317.
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This thesis compares the stand-alone safeguard policies for indigenous peoples provided by the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank, in order to propose an indigenous peoples policy for the African Development Bank. It starts by exposing which are indigenous peoples’ rights and how different authors perceive the main document that protects such rights – the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Subsequently, it discusses which is the role of Multilateral Development Bank in terms of protecting human rights, in order to understand, through a legal point of view, how the responsibilities of such institutions are regarded. Later, the indigenous peoples safeguard policies applied by the 3 above mentioned Banks are compared within them, in order to analyze each of the topics provided by the documents and understand their similarities and differences. The inputs provided by the interviewees are highly constructive to understand some of the weaknesses incorporated not only in the policies, but in some of the Banks’ mechanisms and processes. Some of the weaknesses in the safeguards compliance and the gaps between the written policies and their implementation are also exposed. Finally, this thesis develops a proposal for a standalone indigenous peoples policy for the African Development Bank.
Essa tese compara as políticas de salvaguarda independentes para povos indígenas estabelecidas pelo Banco Mundial, Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento e Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, a fim de sugerir uma política dedicada aos povos indígenas para o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, são expostos quais são os direitos dos povos indígenas e como diferentes autores interpretam o principal documento que protege tais direitos - a Declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos dos Povos Indígenas. Posteriormente, discute qual é o papel dos Banco Multilaterais de Desenvolvimento em termos de proteção aos direitos humanos, a fim de entender, de um ponto de vista legal, como são consideradas as responsabilidades de tais instituições. Em seguida, as políticas de salvaguardas dos povos indígenas aplicadas pelos 3 Bancos citados acima são comparadas entre si, a fim de analisar cada um dos tópicos fornecidos pelos documentos e entender suas semelhanças e diferenças. As contribuições fornecidas pelos entrevistados são valiosas para entender algumas das fraquezas incorporadas não apenas nas políticas, mas em alguns mecanismos e processos dos Bancos. Alguns problemas no cumprimento das salvaguardas e as lacunas entre as políticas escritas e sua implementação também estão expostas. Finalmente, uma sugestão para uma política independente de povos indígenas para o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento é desenvolvida.
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Carillo, Mario Francesco. "Essays on Human Capital, Long Run Growth and Comparative Development." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1434.
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2011 - 2012This research argues that di erences in the distribution of human capital across countries and their impact on the advancement and the adoption of technology contributed to the di erential timing of the transition from the Malthusian stagnation to modern growth and the persistent di erences in income per capita across the globe. Polarization in the distribution of hu- man capital within an economy implied a trade-o between innovation and adoption of technologies that, in turn, in uenced the transition from stag- nation to growth. Despite the contribution of the upper tail of the human capital distribution to technological innovation, the absence of wide group of educated individuals among the working population delayed technology adoption and the transition from stagnation to growth. [edited by author]
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MacDougall, Ian G. "The comparative advantages of open space development design, MacIntosh run development proposal : a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63537.pdf.
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Ndzululeka, Pumeza. "Venture capital in emerging economies: a comparative study between South Africa and Poland." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29025.
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This study evaluates the venture capital sector in emerging economies with reference to the South African and Polish venture capital markets. The study focuses on the entrepreneurial, regulative and governmental factors that characterise emerging market venture capital sectors as well as the role that venture capitalists play in economic development. Emerging market venture capital characteristics, similarities and differences found from the literature review were tested in the South African venture capital market by conducting semi-structured interviews with six members of the South African Venture Capital and Private Equity Association. The findings confirm similarities between the two markets and highlight a few differences. The findings also show that South African VCs have very different experiences compared to the Asian VCs mainly due to institutionalization. In conclusion emerging market VCs sectors in Poland and South Africa are seen as having environments that are not deterrent to the growth of the venture capital sector but which with a few adjustments can spur on greater growth of the sector.
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包俊明 and Chun-ming Jose Paau. "Comparative study on podium structure for urban development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42931095.
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Tsa, Tak-yan Dane, and 謝得恩. "A comparative study of the woodfuel crisis and rural energy planning in India and China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950188.
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Berger, Brett D. "A comparative analysis of vintage and non-vintage capital growth models /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7392.
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O'Neal, Carol. "The acquisition of consonants in first language development." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51350/.
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This thesis reports on the longitudinal study of consonant production in fifteen typically-developing monolingual children living in the south-east of England acquiring non-rhotic accents of British English. The data relate to the consonant patterns found in spontaneous speech production as recorded in individual diaries kept by caregivers. The study follows two lines of enquiry. Firstly, the speech data are analysed to chart the emergence of English consonants in relation to phonemic targets. Separate analysis of the production of initial and final singletons and cluster consonants is undertaken. This reveals word-position asymmetries in the production of consonants and consonant classes, and identifies the classes and the contexts in which consonants are most avoided. Secondly, the speech data are analysed further for evidence of word-position bias in the use of the simplification processes identified in O'Neal (1998) as features of two discrete phonological profiles. Children who demonstrate tendencies towards either of these profiles in their patterns of consonant deletion, fronting, stopping and reduplication are identified, and their profiles compared and contrasted with those of other monolingual English-learning children.
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Miller, Bradley. "A Comparative And Economic Analysis Of Emerging Space Programs." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10041.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine how space faring states develop. This thesis will expand upon the space exploration theories of Arthur C. Clarke (1958) and Wernher von Braun (1967) by developing two theories called Terran and post-Terran spacepower development. Clarke and von Braun have identified specific steps for a state to explore or “control/conquer” space, which today is defined as becoming a spacepower. I have separated their theories into different areas of space: 1) Terran, which concerns low Earth orbit (LEO) and geosynchronous orbit (GEO) space activities; and 2) post-Terran which concerns space activities outside of LEO and GEO, where the Moon or other planetary bodies are located. This thesis will examine 10 states, which I consider to be emerging spacepowers: Argentina, Brazil, China Japan, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, and South Korea. I will compare and contrast how these states have developed their Terran space activities over time to identify, which states have become Terran spacepowers and which are under-performing. Additionally, I will theorize how these states could explore post-Terran space in the future by bridging Clark’s and von Braun’s theories along with futurists’ concepts and scientists’ theories of post-Terran space technologies and policies. Into this analysis, I incorporate post-Terran concepts from Long (2012), Schmidt and Zubrin (1996), Mallove, Matloff (1989), O’Neill (1975), and Benaroya (2010). This thesis will develop these two theories, along with analysis tools by connecting the methodologies of Reid’s (1989a, b) classical economic Stadial Analysis, and Orlikowski’s (1992) Structurational Model of Technology (SMT) into a Stadial Structurational Model of Technology (SSMT). The SSMT methodology will develop Terran and post-Terran spacepower development theories based on common paths, which I call ‘stages’, that emerging spacepowers have pursued or may pursue in the future. The SSMT methodology will analyze the institutional properties that affect spacepower development, the space technologies developed during specific stages, the intentional/unintentional users and how these factors interact over time. Furthermore, the SSMT methodology will utilize Kaplan and Norton’s (1997) Balance Scorecard, Markowitz’s (1952) modern portfolio theory and other econometric models to develop common measurement tools to access which emerging spacepowers have advanced further in Terran spacepower development.
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Månsson, Jens. "A Comparative Media Analysis of the Darfur Conflict." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230566.
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This thesis explores how media has reported on the Darfur conflict as a climate conflict. For that purpose a media analysis has been carried out that analyses quantitative data through four different cases from different parts of the world. In order to get this data a quantitative content analysis has been carried out. The analysis has been carried out by using a media policy framework that enables the data to be classified in three different categories depending on the level of elite consensus and policy uncertainty on the matter at hand. This thesis concludes that media around the world have been reporting on climate change as a contributing factor depending on how that argument can be used to serve their geo-strategic policy on the conflict. In that sense climate change is mainly brought up as a way to relieve the Sudanese government of its responsibility in the conflict.
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Mukengeshay, Djeh Katombe. "Development and transfer in reading ability : a study of Zairean EFL learners." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020909/.
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In general, educational practices in Zairean secondary schools point to a positivistic orientation to literacy, in spite of the fact that one of the stated aims of secondary education is to encourage independent thinking in students. For this reason, one of the aims of the present study was to promote greater independence in students by presenting a humanistic-interpretive approach to reading, as demonstrated by the practice of sustained silent reading. For this purpose, some of the students involved in the study (the experimental subjects) were presented with graded readers in English, in a 20h (1h/week) experimental reading programme. Moreover, in keeping with the view of reading as a unitary process, transferable across languages, a second aim of the study was to explore the possibility of transfer in reading ability between French as a L2 and English as a FL. Data were supplied by experimental and control subjects from questionnaires and cloze passages in French, and in English, that were administered before and after the reading programme. These data failed to provide unequivocal evidence for the expected transfer and improvement, and reasons are offered for this outcome. Nonetheless, the experimental subjects performed as well as the control subjects at the second administration of the measurement instruments. In other terms, one hour of sustained silent reading in English, along with 4 hours of traditional EFL teaching, appeared to be as educationally beneficial as the usual 5 hours/week orally driven, teacher-directed EFL classroom practice.