Journal articles on the topic 'Comparative and transnational literature'
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1
Damrosch, David. "Comparative Literature?" Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 118, no. 2 (March 2003): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081203x67712.
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In recent years, North American literary studies has been marked by a double movement: outward from the Euro-American sphere toward the entire globe and inward within national traditions, in an intensified engagement with local cultures and subcultures. Both directions might seem natural stimuli to comparative study—most obviously in the transnational frame of global studies but also in more local comparisons: a natural way to understand the distinctiveness of a given culture, after all, is to compare it with and contrast it to others. Yet journal articles and job listings alike have not shown any major growth in comparative emphasis in recent years. Is the comparatist doomed to irrelevance, less equipped than the national specialist for local study and yet finding the literary globe expanding farther and farther out of reach, accessible only to a multitude of, again, local specialists?
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Levy, Lital, and Allison Schachter. "Jewish Literature / World Literature: Between the Local and the Transnational." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 1 (January 2015): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.1.92.
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In the past two decades, scholars of world literature and transnational literary studies have called for an overhaul of the national literature model, in favor of a model based on literature's movement beyond national boundaries. Yet across the spectrum of approaches, scholarship on world literature has focused on the languages of the metropolitan center while largely overlooking the literary cultures of the so-called peripheries. We examine Jewish literature as a transnational and multilingual body of writing whose networks of linguistic and cultural exchange provide a clear counterpoint to the center-periphery model of global literary circulation. Moreover, the essay offers one of the first comparative studies of Eastern European Jewish literature and Middle Eastern Jewish literature, furnishing new methodological tools for a comparative approach to Jewish literary culture.
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Bayer, Gerd. "Global Crusoe: comparative literature, postcolonial theory and transnational aesthetics." Journal of Postcolonial Writing 49, no. 1 (February 2013): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17449855.2012.739334.
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Bilczewski, Tomasz. "Historia Literatury, Komparatystyka, Przekład / History of Literature, Comparative Studies, Translation." Ruch Literacki 53, no. 4-5 (July 1, 2012): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0027-x.
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Summary This article analyzes the problem of constructing historical and literary narratives in the context of latest developments in comparative cultural studies, which have been subjected to the influence of the so-called ‘translation turn’. This perspective requires that one acknowledges the return and reinterpretation of Goethe’s notion of Weltliteratur, and the appearance of analyses of the philosophical, ethical, and political dimensions of the category of “comparison” (undertaken especially by anthropologists and scholars of postcolonialism). The revival of interest in the history of literature among comparative literature scholars (e.g., Frederic Jameson, David Damrosch, Walter F. Veit, Frances Ferguson, Jonathan Arac, Hans Ulrich Gumbricht, or Rebecca Walkowitz) is discussed in relation to the publication of Pascale Casanova’s La République mondiale des lettres (Paris, Seuil, 1999), which turned out to be one of the most important and most interesting works devoted to the problem of constructing transnational historical and literary narratives to appear in the last two decades.
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Heise, Ursula K. "Globality, Difference, and the International Turn in Ecocriticism." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 3 (May 2013): 636–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.3.636.
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Comparative literature has always pursued literary studies in a transnational framework. But for much of its history it has been a “modest intellectual enterprise, fundamentally limited to Western Europe, and mostly revolving around the river Rhine (German philologists working on French literature). Not much more,” as Franco Moretti pithily sums it up (54). The rise of postcolonial theory in the wake of Edward Said's and Gayatri Spivak's influential work vastly expanded comparatist horizons, as did the attention to minority literatures that spread outward from the study of American literature and culture in the 1990s. In 1993 Charles Bernheimer's report to the American Comparative Literature Association, “Comparative Literature at the Turn of the Century,” criticized the elitist and exclusionary tenor of earlier reports on the state of the discipline by Harry Levin (1965) and Tom Greene (1975). Instead, it emphasized “tendencies in literary studies, toward a multicultural, global, and interdisciplinary curriculum” and called for an expansion from comparative literature's traditional focus on a mostly western European and North American canon of works to a truly global conception of Goethean Weltliteratur, for inclusion of previously marginalized minority literatures from around the world, and for connections to media studies, other humanities disciplines, and the social sciences (47).
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Sellers, Jefferey M. "From Within to Between Nations: Subnational Comparison across Borders." Perspectives on Politics 17, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592718002104.
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Long a staple in the toolkit of American politics, comparison among subnational territorial units has gained increasing currency in comparative politics. A growing portion of subnational research, especially in the monographic literature, employs comparisons of subnational territorial units within different countries. This approach to comparison, which I term transnational comparison, has the potential to build on and extend the advantages of subnational comparison. Despite the numerous added challenges it poses, transnational comparison offers a variety of ways to incorporate and leverage variations between countries as well as within them. Drawing on exemplary studies from the literature on subnational regimes and beyond, I outline a typology of successful transnational comparative strategies. The choice among these strategies depends on their distinctive properties, on the substantive questions asked, and on the stage of a research program. All have contributed to advancing the study of politics beyond nation-centered comparison.
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Tayim, Constantin Sonkwé. "Historicizing Comparative Literature in the Postcolonial Era." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 8, no. 4 (June 10, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.8n.4p.28.
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This paper brings up the history of comparative literature from its beginning to the postcolonial era, discussing the challenges and controversies that have shaped the history of the discipline and practice. Drawing mainly upon Edward Said’s thought, but also other prominent theorists, the paper sketches the evolution of the concept of comparative literature on the one hand, and on the other hand, it shows through some recent examples of transnational and transcultural questions, how difficult it is in the contemporary context of Globalization to preserve the nation as a space and concept of reference for the writing of the history of literature, due to the very fact of the transformation of the nation and its contours in recent decades. It is also about showing that despite the circulation of worlds and the challenge of the nation’s rigid borders by the process of migration among others, the nation is not yet disqualified as a framework and substructure for literary production. It further discusses the relationship between literature and nation in the contemporary context as well as the issues of transnationality and world literariness, using two examples from France and Nigeria.
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Szabó, Levente T. "The Glocality of the Acta Comparationis Litterarum. Local Interpretations of Educational Freedom, Coercive Innovation and Comparative Literature." Hungarian Studies Yearbook 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2020-0005.
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Abstract The Present Tasks of Comparative Literature (Vorläufige Aufgaben der Vergleichenden Litteratur) is the most often-cited essay of the first international journal of comparative literature, the ActaComparationis Litterarum Universarum. The article proposes a revision of the generally established explanations of this pioneering text, and traces back the microcultural genealogy of the idea of freedom and autonomy associated with the emerging modern discipline of comparative literature in the essay. In this new intellectual framework both the essay and its broad horizon are interpreted as a glocal interplay of recycled and enthrallingly reinvented transnational ideas.
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Budrowska, Kamila. "Badania porównawcze (transnarodowe) nad cenzurą i cenzurowaniem literatury w byłych krajach komunistycznych Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Wstępne rozpoznania i przegląd stanu badań." Wielogłos, no. 3 (48) (2021): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2084395xwi.21.021.15036.
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Comparative (Transnational) Research on Censorship of Literature in the Former Communist Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Preliminary Findings and the State of the Art Overview The article reviews the state of research in multilingual literature and proposes the original research concept. In the first part, entitled: “Transnational research”, the Author describes the possibilities which were offered by the adhibition of the new methodological concept in comparative research on communism in European countries of the former Eastern bloc. In the second part, “Research on communist censorship”, the Author summarizes the trend of research on communist censorship, which was dynamically developing since the collapse of the system, with particular emphasis on the issue of censorship of literature. In the last part: “Comparative research on communist censorship” she juxtaposes both trends and draws a new research proposal from them. The Author notes that there is no scientific study yet to discuss censorship in all former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe as 1. a supranational phenomenon and 2. using the same methodological perspective. Therefore, she proposes to conduct such research and sees the transnational approach as particularly useful here, which – releasing the researcher from the national perspective of political histories – creates an opportunity to trace the “flows” of ideas, people, and cultural texts between the Eastern bloc countries.
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Hertrampf, Marina Ortrud M. "Romani Literature(s) As Minor Literature(s) in the Context of World Literature: A Survey of Romani Literatures in French and Spanish." Critical Romani Studies 3, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29098/crs.v3i2.88.
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The article discusses the comparatively young form of written Romani literary self-expression as an example of “minor literature” in Deleuze and Guattari’s sense.[1] The focus here is on producing a classifying survey of the literary production of Romani writers in France and Spain, with the article outlining the different aesthetic fields and literary forms evident in French and Spanish Romani literature. The comparative approach reveals thatdespite regional and national differences, these minor literatures demonstrate several aesthetic similarities typical of Romani literature that could ultimately come to define the transnational, cross-border characteristics of Romani literature. Furthermore, I show that there are literary tendencies in contemporary Romani literatures that go beyond the usual forms of establishing literary self-expression in diasporic cultural productions or aesthetic appropriation of major society’s literary traditions, so that Romani literatures in French and Spanish should, I argue, also be seen as part of world literature.
1 It is important to emphasize that the potentially offending implications of the evaluative use of the term “minor” is by no means hinted at in Deleuze and Guattari: The French “literature mineure” does not indicate lower aesthetic qualities or literary inferiority to majority literature but rather describes a literature produced by writers not (exclusively) belonging to the nation-state in which they live. At the same time, it should be mentioned that the term “small literature,” in contrast to minor literatures, means literary expressions from small nations or/and in small languages like, for example, in Bulgarian, Estonian, or Luxembourgish (cf., Glesener 2012).
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Grauzľová, Lucia. "Canadian literature as an American literature : CanLit through the lens of hemispheric American literary studies." Brno studies in English, no. 1 (2022): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-8.
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This paper addresses the noticeably low presence of Canadian literature in hemispheric American literary research. The fact that hemispheric literary studies focuses on a comparison of the United States and Spanish America is partly because of Canada's marginal position in the Americas, its lack of identification with the continent, and Canadian scholars' reluctance to engage in hemispheric studies due to their insecurity concerning cultural identity and the discipline's potential imperialistic impulses. By examining a representative history of Canadian literature and several literary studies for intersections and tangencies between Canadian literature and other literatures of the Americas, this paper will demonstrate that there are natural links between them, which make a transnational comparative approach to Canadian literature both legitimate and desirable.
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Mayer, Robert. "Global Crusoe: Comparative Literature, Postcolonial Theory, and Transnational Aesthetics by Ann Marie Fallon." Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats 48, no. 1 (2015): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scb.2015.0034.
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T. Szabó, Levente. "International Exhibitions, Literary Capitalism, and the Emergence of Comparative Literature." Journal of World Literature 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 332–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00703003.
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Abstract The invention of international fairs in the 19th century revolutionized both nationalism and modern thinking on global relationships since they showcased but also contested and negotiated national, imperial, and global identities. From the Great Exhibition at Crystal Palace to the 1900 Paris Exposition, the international fairs / expositions universelles were landmarks of histoire croisée of nationalism, global thinking, and capitalism. Even though they seem to be showcasing industrial progress, they also created a completely new frame for the self-fashioning, vindication, and negotiation of national arts and literatures, interpreted in a global setting and in capitalist terms. I propose to explore the pattern and experience of the 19th-century international fair / exposition universelle as an important frame for the emerging modern transnational literary scene, fueling major debates on the nature of nationalism, cosmopolitanism, and capitalism.
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Ali, Muhammad Imran. "Comparative Legal Research-Building a Legal Attitude for a Transnational World." Journal of Legal Studies 26, no. 40 (December 1, 2020): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jles-2020-0012.
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AbstractComparative Legal Research (CLR) is a valuable tool for legal research because it expands the history of community experience. Understanding basic knowledge in different systems fills the knowledge gap. However, the principles of globalization and universal human rights require a greater role for systematic CLR. This article analyzes the role of comparative legal research in contemporary legal education. The discussion is based on the idea that it is useful to distinguish between the education of lawyers and the conduct of comparative legal research. Comparative law is a successful field of study that has ignited a growing interest in academic and legal education in recent decades. It is proposed to pay more attention to the comparative pedagogy of legal research in today's world, where law students must be prepared to function in a global context. While comparative academic research, the goal is to foster a deep cultural understanding of foreign law, but in legal education, the goal is to learn the spirit as an advocate. This article provides an overview of the key conceptual tools to tackle the problem of the comparative methodology by introducing the logical argument to help the researcher to filter his approach. A literature review method will adopt for this article.
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Fletcher, John. "Book Review: Joep Leerssen: Comparative Literature in Britain: National Identities, Transnational Dynamics, 1800–2000." Journal of European Studies 50, no. 3 (July 28, 2020): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047244120943970.
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Durán, Isabel. "What Is the Transnational Turn in American Literary Studies? A Critical Overview." Atlantis. Journal of the Spanish Association for Anglo-American Studies 42, no. 2 (December 23, 2020): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28914/atlantis-2020-42.2.07.
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This article presents a critical overview of the state of the art of transnational American studies in the wake of the so-called transnational turn. After an introduction to key ideas and concepts surrounding transnationalism as applied to American studies and, more particularly, to literary studies—including comparative and international approaches to American literature—I interweave critical arguments with brief reviews of keypublications—monographs, edited collections and individual essays—produced in the US and abroad—particularly Spain—in the twenty-first century. My overview mainly focuses on general literary studies, but it also tackles particular areas such as gender, ethnicity, aesthetics and political transnationalism. My conclusion suggests that the transnational turn will continue to shape our scholarship in the decades to come.
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Blokker, Paul. "Varieties of populist constitutionalism: The transnational dimension." German Law Journal 20, no. 3 (April 2019): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.19.
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AbstractPopulist constitutionalism is an increasingly discussed topic, but so far the analysis of the interrelation between populism and constitutionalism lacks a more systematic and comparative approach, able to bring out significant variety. Most of the recent literature on the phenomenon focuses on (right-wing) populism as a threat to constitutional democracy. This Article sets out to contribute to a more comparative and comprehensive discussion of the relation between varieties of populism—situated on a continuum from left- to right-wing, but also from national to transnational—with varieties of constitutional projects. The objective of this Article is threefold. First, I argue that it is problematic to consider legal constitutionalism as exhausting the possibilities of constitutionalism. Second, if populism is reduced to right-wing projects and as an unequivocal threat to liberal democracy, it becomes difficult to distinguish between dissimilar manifestations of populist projects, in particular regarding constituent politics. Third, while hardly any attention has been paid to constitutionalism and populist claims on the transnational level, in the European context, transnational forms of populism and constituent politics manifest themselves frequently, articulating an incisive critique on the European constitutional and political status quo, and contributing to a re-imagination and democratization of the European constitutional reality.
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Bastos, Beatriz Kopschitz. "Irish Studies in South America." Irish University Review 50, no. 1 (May 2020): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2020.0449.
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This essay seeks to give an overview of the Irish presence, the institutional context, and the singular nature of Irish Studies in South America, historically and today. It presents an insight into some of the major advances and the principal themes of Irish Studies in this non-Anglophone environment: translation; performance; film studies; migration and diaspora studies; comparative studies; teaching. It thus considers the contribution of this particular field – Irish Studies in South America – in the wider context of transnational and comparative cultural analysis.
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Oliveira, Ludmila, and Tarcisio Magalhaes. "Transnational Tax Law-Making in Brazil." Intertax 48, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 2020): 708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020066.
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This Article is the first to offer a historical study of the evolution of Brazil’s tax system since the end of the Second World War until the present day, centring on the influence of external actors and institutions. In doing so, it advances two novel contributions to the literature. First, it provides a country-specific account of transnationalization in tax law-making through time, explained in light of social, economic, and political circumstances. Second, it proposes a critical discussion on the role of foreign expertise in shaping domestic tax law and policy. What the history of Brazil’s development struggles reveals is that Global North experts had many chances to ‘fix’ the country’s problems, but they have for the most part not been successful. Regardless of the merits or demerits of their ideas, there are many Brazilian experts all around the country who are highly capable in advising, consulting, and advocating for tax reform, and they should be the ones with primary access to lawmakers. Transnationalization, tax reform, legal transplants, comparative law, external influences, foreign experts, international institutions, political legitimacy, economic development, historical analysis.
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Witte, Daniel. "Business for Climate: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Policy Support from Transnational Companies." Global Environmental Politics 20, no. 4 (November 2020): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00560.
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Transnational companies (TNCs) are becoming increasingly influential in the global governance of climate change. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to understand the factors that explain why some TNCs broadly support policies to tackle climate change, while others oppose them. This study subjects previous findings from small- N case studies to a more systematic fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). It investigates previous findings that link exposure to fossil fuels to policy opposition, and transnational operations, exposure to consumers, certain factors in the institutional environment, and pressure from investors to policy support. The study concludes that findings from small- N case literature can explain the necessary conditions for climate policy support in a larger set of TNCs from a wider variety of sectors and geographies beyond GHG-intensive sectors, such as retail, technology, and telecommunication. It concludes by suggesting areas and cases for further research.
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Nygård, Stefan, Matti La Mela, and Frank Nullmeier. "Reviews." Contributions to the History of Concepts 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2017.120108.
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Sean Latham and Gayle Rogers, Modernism: Evolution of an Idea, New Modernisms series (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015), 272 pp.Stina Teilmann-Lock, The Object of Copyright: A Conceptual History of Originals and Copies in Literature, Art and Design (London: Routledge, 2015), 152 pp.Daniel Béland and Klaus Petersen, eds., Analysing Social Policy Concepts and Language: Comparative and Transnational Perspectives (Bristol: Policy Press, 2015), 272 pp.
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Sabatos, Charles. "The Ottoman Captivity Narrative as a Transnational Genre in Central European Literature." Archiv orientální 83, no. 2 (September 15, 2015): 233–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.83.2.233-254.
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Among the earliest Western representations of the Muslim world were those written by Central European authors who had survived captivity in the Ottoman Empire; they form a largely unexplored genre of “Ottoman captivity narratives.” While strongly related in both theme and style to the better-known Barbary captivity genre, these memoirs offer a broader framework for captivity narratives that are beyond the customary focus on English-language or West European texts. This article examines Ottoman captivity narratives from Georgius of Hungary’s Tractatus (1481) and Bartolomej Georgijević’s De Turcarum moribus epitome (1553), both written in Latin, Václav Vratislav z Mitrovic’s Příhody (1599), published in 1777, and Štefan Pilárik’s Sors Pilarikiana (1666), written in Czech. There is also one Turkish perspective of Austrian captivity, by Osman Aga of Temesvar (1724), published in 1954. While these works reflect the cultural assumptions of their era, they also illustrate an underlying ambiguity toward the Turks, and sometimes a concealed admiration for Ottoman society; some offer the forthright condemnation expected of the era. Through the comparative approach of transnational history, the Ottoman captivity narrative can be seen as a genre that reflects common experiences of engagement with the Orient that are beyond the modern linguistic and politic divisions of the Central European region.
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Sinanan, Jolynna, and Catherine Gomes. "‘Everybody needs friends’: Emotions, social networks and digital media in the friendships of international students." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 5 (August 8, 2020): 674–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877920922249.
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The importance of kin relations and neighbourhoods has received considerable attention in research on transnational migration. Further, research in transnational families and digital media highlights the strategies for maintaining family relationships By contrast, research on friendship is currently limited and, more so, the centrality of the emotional aspects of friendships as intimacy as well as networks of support has received less attention, particularly from a culturally comparative perspective. Drawing on qualitative research in Melbourne ( n = 59) and Singapore ( n = 61), this article examines the ways in which international students invest in developing friendships with other international students based on shared circumstances in the cities in which they are living and studying. The article contributes to fields of literature in transnational migration and cross-cultural perspectives towards friendship and argues that the kinds of friendship forged by the experiences of international students are significant for capturing an aspect of the diversity of migrant relationships.
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Hanscom, Christopher P. "Degrees of Difference: Rethinking the Transnational Turn in Korean Literary Studies." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 3 (May 2011): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.651.
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“Nothing,” Paul Jay writes in his recent work Global Matters: The transnational turn in literary studies, “has reshaped literary and cultural studies more than its embrace of transnationalism” (1). Certainly the shift toward a transnational model has been useful in mounting a critique of nation-based literary studies and in debunking the “natural” link among national identity, race, and language, challenging both the “hermeneutic preeminence of nations” and the “neutrality of comparison as a method” (Seigel 62–63). Combined with a postcolonial attentiveness to local or peripheral literary production and an expanded notion of agency, transnationalism works to designate “spaces and practices acted upon by border-crossing agents, be they dominant or marginal” (Lionnet and Shih 5) and to diversify the authors and texts available to students of literature, broadening curricula and the scope of literary studies (Jay 22). Those studying and teaching non-Western literatures might well find value in the challenge to the nation as the unquestioned context for the production and interpretation of literary works and in the healthy skepticism toward a supposedly neutral comparative method.
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Fuchs, Barbara. "Golden Ages and Golden Hinds; or, Periodizing Spain and England." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 2 (March 2012): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.2.321.
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The unevenness of periodization across different national traditions provides the perfect opportunity for a comparative and transnational inquiry. While the initial temptation is to deem literatures demarcated by national tradition incommensurate or simply to juxtapose them as disparate objects, the more compelling project, particularly for the early modern period, is to show how literary periodization itself becomes part of the project of national distinction. In this essay, which I want to place in dialogue with Margaret Greer's and Alison Weber's contributions to PMLA's January 2011 “Theories and Methodologies” forum on the Spanish Golden Age, I argue that periodization must be considered in a transnational framework, for our conception of significant literary epochs is closely tied to the relative value that literatures are assigned, especially when national traditions are coalescing.
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ZIMRING, FRANKLIN E. "THE NECESSITY AND VALUE OF TRANSNATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY: SOME PREACHING FROM A RECENT CONVERT." Criminology & Public Policy 5, no. 4 (November 2006): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2006.00407.x.
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Bagchi, Barnita. "Joep Leerssen, Comparative Literature in Britain: National Identities, Transnational Dynamics 1800–2000. Studies in Comparative Literature 27. Cambridge: LEGENDA (Modern Humanities Research Association), 2019. Pp. 272. £75.00." History of Humanities 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/710299.
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Donahue, Timothy. "Styles of Sovereignty: Parataxis, Settler–Indigenous Difference, and the Transnationalisms of the Great Basin." American Literary History 32, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz047.
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Abstract This essay shows how literary parataxis serves as an engine of transnational thought in the nineteenth-century North American West. I focus, in particular, on how Mark Twain’s Roughing It (1872) and Sarah Winnemucca’s Life Among the Piutes (1883) employ paratactic forms to present the Great Basin as a space where no single nation rules as sovereign. Amidst US settler colonialism, I argue, such paratactic aesthetics prove politically double-edged. While parataxis’ tendency to destabilize hierarchies allows the form to undermine US claims to sovereignty, the same deconstructive proclivity can occlude Indigenous political distinction and historical priority. Twain and Winnemucca respond to this aesthetic scenario differently, and their writing, consequently, presents competing conceptions of transnationalism. Twain’s unchecked embrace of paratactic forms yields a transnational vision whose emphasis on social movement and mixture proves antithetical to Indigenous sovereignty. Winnemucca, by contrast, employs a modulated parataxis in order to locate the transnational in collisions of countervailing polities and thereby better represents the political standing and agency of the Paiute people. Winnemucca’s accounts of her work as a translator, I further argue, suggest that amidst such collisions, political sovereignty takes a distinctive shape, as a relational and comparative project.
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Varsava, Jerry. "Comparative North American Studies: Transnational Approaches to American and Canadian Literature and Culture by Reingard M. Nischik." ESC: English Studies in Canada 43, no. 1 (2017): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.2017.0016.
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Dobbeleer, Michel De. "Transnational literary history? Dutch-speaking writers in Karel van het Reve’s ‘ventistic’ Geschiedenis van de Russische Literatuur [History of Russian Literature]." Werkwinkel 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2016-0009.
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Abstract In his Geschiedenis van de Russische literatuur [History of Russian Literature, 1985] the famous Dutch Slavist and essayist Karel van het Reve, links Russian writers, such as Gavriil Derzhavin and Aleksei Pisemskii to Dutch and Flemish ones, such as Vondel and Willem Elsschot. Further on, in the chapter on Lev Tolstoi, Multatuli’s Max Havelaar is cited, although it is clear from the start that none of these Dutch-speaking authors could have had any influence on the Russian writers to whom Van het Reve devotes his colourful chapters. In this article I explore the ‘transnational’ potential of Van het Reve’s self-willed literary-historiographical approach. It turns out that Van het Reve mentions most of these Dutch-speaking authors rather to indicate - directly or indirectly - that he (dis)likes them, than to contribute to the achievements of comparative literature. Both in his choice of authors and his way of practicing literary historiography Van het Reve manifests himself as a proponent of the vent (cf. the well-known vorm of vent or manner or man discussion). Nevertheless, some of his observations could be considered as transnational constellations (in the world-literature sense of the term).
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Balázs, Renáta. "Writing of Contemporary National Literary History in Finland and Hungary – a Comparative Approach." Interlitteraria 25, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.1.8.
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The discourse on the writing of national literary histories is still in progress due to the postcolonial and transnational turn. In the frameworks of these literary theories, the meaning of national has been reshaped by focusing on the territorial, ethnic and language borders of contemporary literature. The theory of literary history writing had to face the issues of defining the phenomenon of migrant, emigrant and minority literature. A new Hungarian book titled Kik vagytok ti? Kötelező magyar irodalom – Újraélesztő könyv (Who Are You? Compulsory Hungarian Literature – A Revitalizing Book) (2019), also evoked a debate concerning the theoretical issues of Hungarian literary history writing. In this debate, not only the author and his critics confronted but also the critics with one another. By analysing the critiques and the author’s answers, the fundamental questions of the national literary history writing can be identified. With this metadiscursive approach, I aim to present the current state of Hungarian national literary history writing focusing on the minority and emigrant literature. I will compare the questions generated by the migrant literature in Finland to the issues emerging in the debate about Hungarian literature. This comparative and metadiscursive approach helps to understand the shaping process of the national literature in the dynamics of canonizations and marginalisation.
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Ahmed, Rukhsana, and Luisa Veronis. "Creating in-between spaces through diasporic and mainstream media consumption: A comparison of four ethnocultural and immigrant communities in Ottawa, Canada." International Communication Gazette 82, no. 3 (February 16, 2019): 289–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048519828594.
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Media provide essential information that can help migrants settle, build local community, and maintain transnational linkages. In this study, we extend the existing literature by undertaking a unique comparative project examining the role of both diasporic and mainstream media – including print (newspapers) and broadcast (TV and radio) – in meeting the information needs of four ethnocultural and immigrant communities in Ottawa, Canada. Our analysis of survey findings shows significant variations across the four communities in their consumption of print and broadcast diasporic and mainstream media based on immigration category, time spent in Canada, and level of official language (English and French) proficiency. Adopting a uses and gratifications theoretical lens, we argue that participants embrace a more holistic approach to media use, which affords them benefits from both kinds of media resources by creating in-between spaces for participation in host societies and transnational communities.
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Stoican, Adriana Elena. "Creative Pluralism in Indian and Romanian Accounts of Transnational Migration." American, British and Canadian Studies Journal 27, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 94–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsj-2016-0020.
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Abstract The paper offers a comparative perspective on transmigrant cultural identities as illustrated in the works of two contemporary South Asian American and Romanian American authors, Jhumpa Lahiri and Aura Imbăruș. The comparison involves Gogol, a South Asian American character, and Aura, the author of the memoir Out of the Transylvania Night. Although Gogol is a fictional character and Aura is an actual transmigrant, their comparative assessment relies on the assumption that both narratives are inspired by the authors’ background of relocation. Despite their different cultural origins, both authors share thematic aspects related to the dynamics of cultural identity in the context of migration. This paper aims to provide a starting point for an enlarged framework of comparative analysis, in order to foreground intersections between different experiences of cultural negotiation in the context of displacement. Born and raised in America, Gogol is challenged by his cultural multiplicity and strives to suppress elements of his Indian identity. After years of rebelling against his parents’ norms, Gogol shifts to the Bengali model, when his father dies. Once he accepts the relevance of his cultural roots, Gogol is able to plunge into a dimension situated beyond his Bengali and American selves. His transcendent strategy is illustrated by his decision to plunge into a third space of redefinition, suggested by the Russian literature which is appreciated by Gogol’s father. Aura Imbăruș offers the example of a first generation Romanian transmigrant who undergoes voluntary relocation to the United States. Fascinated by the American world, Aura is eager to take over norms of material success and consumerism, overlooking the relevance of her cultural roots. When she undergoes a personal family crisis, Aura eventually reassesses the value of her Romanian background, aiming to reconcile her source culture with her Americanised self. In a manner similar to Gogol’s, Aura manages to integrate American norms of success, while forging enduring bonds with the Romanian American community in California.
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Kokoreva, Tatyana. "Transnational Corporations as Business Entities in the Banking Sector." Legal Concept, no. 4 (February 2021): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2020.4.18.
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Introduction: the paper is devoted to the study of the essence of understanding TNCs in the banking sector through the analysis of such concepts as “transnational company (corporation)”, “international company (corporation)”, “international bank” and “transnational bank”. To this end, the author examines the concept and features of transnational corporations in the banking sector, their essential features, highlighted by the civil doctrine and used by judicial practice. Using the methods of scientific cognition, primarily the method of system and comparative analysis, the author identifies the constituent features of a transnational corporation by applying an insight-substantive approach to the study of the concept of TNCs as the largest intermediary in the system of international capital migration. Results: it is established that in the modern scientific literature there is no single approach to understanding the transnational corporation in the banking sector. In order to determine the main approaches to the understanding of TNCs in the banking sector, the author’s approaches to the definition of this phenomenon are systematized. The study identifies three groups of approaches: a TNC as a national company transcending the state; a TNC as a set of national companies; a TNC as a parent company operating in several states. Conclusions: the author concludes that a TNC in the banking sector should be understood as a transnational bank operating in several countries on the basis of an institutionalized network of representative offices operating on the basis of the national legislation of the countries of operation, which allows them to ensure the international movement of capital in order to diversify the economy and stimulate the innovative development of international economic relations.
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Bernstein, Steven, and Benjamin Cashore. "Globalization, Four Paths of Internationalization and Domestic Policy Change: The Case of EcoForestry in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 33, no. 1 (March 2000): 67–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900000044.
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Governments appear increasingly constrained in their ability to make independent policy choices in an era of global economic finance and communication. As a result, scholars are more closely examining how actors, institutions and economic forces that extend beyond state borders can influence domestic public policies and politics. This scholarship on “globalization” and “transnational relations” serves as a corrective to a comparative public policy literature that has tended to treat external pressures as either exogenous shocks, or as simply other interests to which the state must respond.
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Valcke, Catherine. "Comparing legal styles." International Journal of Law in Context 15, no. 03 (September 2019): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552319000284.
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AbstractThe question of legal ‘style’ is a central one in comparative law, as mainstream comparative law tends to downplay its importance. The kinds of comparative law scholarship that have attracted most attention in the last decades – the ‘harmonisation projects’ and the ‘legal origins’ literature (perhaps also the ‘legal formant’ literature) – indeed adopt a functionalistic approach to legal systems, whereby only the outcome of judicial decisions (and the factors causally feeding into them) matters – that is, their style does not. This narrow perspective has led to arguments in favour of harmonisation of law worldwide – the thesis according to which law everywhere does and should converge so as to facilitate transnational commerce and globalisation more generally. I propose to argue that legal style matters, as law is about much more than just resolving disputes. Specifically, it is also, and most importantly, a collective statement of identity. To illustrate, I plan on analysing some of the most striking stylistic differences between French and English law, and outline the different such statements emerging from them.
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Sok, Serey, and Chun Yang. "Brawn Drain from Cambodia: A Comparative Study of Transnational Labour Migration to Malaysia and South Korea." Bandung 8, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21983534-08010002.
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Abstract The paper examines and compares the transnational labour migration from Cambodia to Malaysia and South Korea, based on the first-hand data and information collected through in-depth interviews with concerned migrant labour. The study sheds light on that the Cambodian workers have changed to engage in new types of unskilled jobs when they move to work in Malaysia and South Korea, which are different from their occupations in Cambodia. The study demonstrates that labour migration to Malaysia and South Korea has helped maximizing the incomes of concerned households through sending remittance as a prevalent mode of risk minimisation. This study sheds light on the different patterns between the migrants in Malaysia and South Korea in two aspects: 1) remittance to home: the vast majority of the migrant workers in South Korea sent their salaries back home by remittance, while those in Malaysia sent limited remittance back home; 2) different mechanisms: scheme of Government-Agency (G-A) for emigration to Malaysia and Government-Government (G-G) for that to South Korea. The study enriches the literature on transnational labour migration by the evidence of brain drain from Cambodia to South Korea and Malaysia.
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Hearn, Jeff. "So What Has Been, Is, and Might Be Going on in Studying Men and Masculinities?: Some Continuities and Discontinuities." Men and Masculinities 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18805550.
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Following introductory remarks on how the terms “masculinities” and “men” have been used differentially in recent critical studies on men and masculinities (CSMM), the article reviews some key aspects of CSMM - past, present and future. The diverse influences on CSMM have included various feminisms, gay studies, anti-imperialism, civil rights, anti-racism, green and environmental movements, as well as LGBTIQ+ movements, Critical Race Studies, Globalization/Transnational Studies, and Intersectionality Studies. In the present period, the range of theoretical and political approaches and influences on studies continues to grow, with, for example, queer, post-, post post-, new materialist, posthumanist, and science and technology studies, making for some discontinuities with established masculinities theory. In many regions, there are now more women working explicitly and long-term in the area, even if that is itself not new. CSMM have also become more geographically widespread, more dispersed, more comparative, international, transnational, postcolonial, decolonializing, globally “Southern”, global, globalized and globalizing; this diversifying feature is transforming CSMM. Key areas for future research are identified, including the relations of men and masculinities to: first, ecology, environment and climate change; second, ICTs, social media, AI, robotics and big data; third, transnational/global, transnational institutions and processes; and, fourth, nationalism, racism, authoritarianism, neo-fascism and political masculinism. Together, these make for a “lurking doom”. At the same time, there is a whole range of wider theoretical, methodological, epistemological and ontological questions to be taken up in CSMM much more fully in the future.
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Kruuspere, Piret. "The Travelling of Dramatic Texts and Memory Patterns." Nordic Theatre Studies 32, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v32i2.124347.
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The article discusses Estonian memory theatre in the 1970s–90s and at the beginning of the twenty-first century in the framework of transnational/transcultural influences. Dwelling on Jeanette R. Malkin’s definition of memory theatre as a theatre that both imitates the flow of memories and initiates the process of remembrance, and relying on the concepts of transnational and transcultural memory, I analyze the dramatic texts of Estonian playwrights Rein Saluri and Madis Kõiv, likewise the works of female stage director Merle Karusoo. I focus on the phenomenon of travelling memory, introduced by scholar of literature and culture, Astrid Erll, and engage a comparative approach to the texts and stage interpretations. Through the media of texts and mnemonic forms in motion and on the basis of particular case studies, I examine how stories/narratives, memory patterns, and mnemonic practices have crossed cultural borderlines and been performed on different (Estonian, Finnish, Estonian-Russian, Austrian) stages, and how they have primarily launched hidden or blurred memories.
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Feldman, Leah. "Embodied Philology." TDR: The Drama Review 65, no. 3 (September 2021): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1054204321000344.
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A collaboration between actors and musicians of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and Almaty, Kazakhstan, and local electronic musician and community activist Brother El of Chicago highlights the difficulties of translating embodied performances of race and ethnicity in a transnational post–Cold War context. In a comparative reading taking up a play by the Ilkhom Theatre of Tashkent alongside its citation in the Chicago collaboration, the framework of “embodied philology” exposes the limits of post–Cold War international political alignment.
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Six, Clemens. "The Transnationality of the Secular." Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and Politics 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2020): 1–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895850-12340003.
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Abstract This essay discusses in how far we can understand the evolution of secularism in South and Southeast Asia between the end of the First World War and decolonisation after 1945 as a result of transimperial and transnational patterns. In the context of the growing comparative literature on the history of secularisms around the globe, I argue for more attention for the mobility of ideas and people across borders. Conceptually, I suggest to capture the diversity of 20th century secularisms in terms of family resemblance and to understand this resemblance less as colonial inheritance but as the result of translocal networks and their circuits of ideas and practices since 1918. I approach these networks through a combination of global intellectual history, the history of transnational social networks, and the global history of non-state institutions. Empirically, I illustrate my argument with three case studies: the reception of Atatürk’s reforms across Asia and the Middle East to illustrate transnational discourses around secularism; the role of social networks in the form of translocal women’s circles in the interwar period; and private US foundations as global circuits of expertise. Together, these illustrations are an attempt to sustain a certain degree of coherence within globalising secularism studies while at the same time avoiding conceptual overstretch.
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de Gennaro, Mara. "Global Crusoe: Comparative Literature, Postcolonial Theory and Transnational Aesthetics By Ann Marie Fallon Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2011. 162 pp." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 1, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2013.5.
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Eaton, Kent. "Latin American Politics and the Subnational Comparative Method: Vertical and Horizontal Challenges." Latin American Politics and Society 62, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.10.
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ABSTRACTDecentralization has triggered widespread use of the subnational comparative method in the study of Latin American politics. Simultaneously, it has created challenges for this method that deserve careful attention. While subnational governments after decentralization can often be treated as potentially autonomous policy jurisdictions, their autonomy is also subject to new constraints and incursions, which may limit scholars’ ability to treat them as relatively independent units. By taking stock of the vibrant literature that has emerged in recent years, this article explores three major challenges that complicate the use of the subnational comparative method. Two are vertical in nature: how to theorize national causes of subnational variation, and how the varied linkages between subnational governments and transnational actors can be conceptualized in work that compares subnational units. The third challenge is horizontal, referring to interactions between governments at the same subnational level that can either enhance or subvert autonomy.
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BEZARI, CHRISTINA. "‘The Fatal Fact of the Woman Writer’: Transnational Encounters in the Avant-Garde Scene of Interwar Spain." Bulletin of Hispanic Studies: Volume 98, Issue 8 98, no. 8 (September 1, 2021): 797–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2021.46.
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‘The fatal fact of the woman writer’ is a phrase coined by the Argentine author Alberto Pineta in the late 1920s, a time marked by women’s growing presence in the cultural sphere. On both sides of the Atlantic, women expressed an acute interest in the avant-garde literary culture and faced similar challenges in their attempt to negotiate their place in the literary field. By considering Spanish-speaking women as mediators across cultural and geographical borders, this study seeks to move beyond the concepts of ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ in order to rethink the avant-garde as a transnational and multifaceted phenomenon. To explore the intertwined trajectories of Gabriela Mistral, Alfonsina Storni and Ernestina de Champourcín, this study examines their literary activities in Madrid and provides a comparative analysis of the avant-garde themes that recur in their poetry. Special focus is set on the transnational processes that shaped their work and allowed them to assert their identity as female writers and poets.
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Geiringer, Claudia. "When Constitutional Theories Migrate: A Case Study." American Journal of Comparative Law 67, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 281–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avz013.
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Abstract The last decade or so has witnessed a burgeoning of literature on the role of cross-jurisdictional influences in the design (as well as subsequent interpretation) of national constitutions. The consensus emerging from that literature is that transnational borrowing in the course of constitution making is both inevitable and impossible. In a globalized world, those involved in the design of a new constitution naturally look beyond their borders for inspiration. Borrowing is thus endemic. But borrowing, in any true sense, is also impossible because in the process of migration, constitutional ideas must be de- and then recontextualized in order to fit them for the new legal system. What, though, if the object of transnational influence is not a constitutional text or an institutional mechanism but, rather, a scholarly theory? That is the question addressed by this Article. Specifically, the Article examines the intriguing (and little known) story of how John Hart Ely’s representation-reinforcing theory of (American) constitutional interpretation was transformed into a blueprint for the design of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act. It suggests that Ely’s journey to the South Pacific has the potential to illuminate both the study of constitutional migration generally and, more specifically, the linkages between comparative law and constitutional theory.
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Ylimaki, Rose M., and Annika Wilmers. "Historical perspectives and contemporary challenges to education (Bildung) and citizenry in the modern nation state: Comparative perspectives on Germany and the USA." European Educational Research Journal 20, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14749041211004659.
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In this article, we provide a comparative analysis of public education in Germany and the US, focusing on historical and contemporary challenges to education, Bildung, and citizenry in the modern nation state. In particular, we examine relations among nation building processes and education, transnational discourses, mutual influences, and relations regarding public education over time, and identity building and citizenship within and between federal, nation state and international levels. Comparative methods are utilized to examine policy documents as well as the literature, looking for similarities and differences among key concepts and discourses. The article concludes by pointing out that a number of contemporary developments bringing public education to a crossroads today are not entirely new and that foundations of education theory are still relevant. At the same time, we suggest new cross-national dialogues regarding the challenges bringing public education to the crossroads today.
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Gutterman, Ellen. "Poverty, corruption, trade, or terrorism? Strategic framing in the politics of UK anti-bribery compliance." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 19, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369148116681731.
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What explains longstanding UK non-compliance with international anti-bribery norms? Drawing on evidence from a comparative study of state compliance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) anti-bribery Convention and building on the literature on ‘framing’ in Sociology and International Relations, this article identifies and illustrates the impact of strategic policy framing on UK anti-bribery policy in the years following the United Kingdom’s commitment to criminalize transnational business bribes, in 1997. The research examines the way in which anti-bribery proponents and opponents framed the practice of transnational bribery differently across four distinct policy contexts in the United Kingdom: international development and poverty reduction, domestic anti-corruption, strategic trade, and—following 11 September 2001—international anti-terrorism. The analysis shows that: (a) policy advocates’ choice of frame crucially affected the timing and scope of UK anti-bribery legislation and the extent of UK (non)compliance with international anti-corruption law; and (b) the expedient frame was not necessarily the most conducive to full compliance.
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Agathocleous, Tanya. "IMPERIAL, ANGLOPHONE, GEOPOLITICAL, WORLDLY: EVALUATING THE “GLOBAL” IN VICTORIAN STUDIES." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 3 (May 29, 2015): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150315000145.
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In the last decade or so, Victorian studies – the only major literary field identified with a British ruler – has begun a slow but inexorable shift away from its traditional nation-based parameters. A cursory glance through the book review section of prominent Victorianist journals reveals that approximately half of new books reviewed treat subjects that extend beyond Britain and British literature: Ireland, India, slavery, settler literature, Continental literature, and global technological and media networks are all examples. While this development reflects broader trends in the discipline, in the humanities, and in public discourse as a whole, arguments about the desirability of expanding the scope of Victorian studies have turned largely on the particular inaptness of the national frame for the Victorian period. Since the 1980s, postcolonial critics such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Gauri Viswanathan have argued for the significance of Britain's vast empire to its literature and the very existence of a British literary canon, as well as to literature produced in the colonies. More recently, Victorianists such as Margaret Cohen and Carolyn Dever, Amanda Claybaugh, Caroline Levine, Sharon Marcus, and Julia Sun-Joo Lee have stressed other transnational contexts for Victorian literature, noting that Victorian writers themselves were polylingual and comparative in their understanding of both literature and culture and that “even in its heyday, print culture was international and the nation was a relative, hybrid, comparative category” (Marcus 682).
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Campbell, Ballard. "Comparative Perspectives on the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1, no. 2 (April 2002): 154–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000189.
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Thanks to Richard Jensen, Kriste Lindenmeyer, Alan Lessoff and William G. Shade for helpful comments on this essay.Comparative perspectives on the United States have received increased attention in recent years, stimulated apparently by the rise in world history's popularity. David Thelen's sponsorship of transnational history as a subject of three special issues of the Journal of American History no doubt has contributed to the trend. The reprinting of C. Vann Woodward's The Comparative Approach to American History in 1997, the publication of George Fredrickson's essays on comparative history, and the report of the La Pietra Project reflect recent efforts to put United States history in an international perspective. While comparative history hardly has gained equal footing with nationally-centered studies, enough work on the Gilded Age and Progressive Era has appeared over the last decade and a half to warrant an assessment. This essay takes note of scholarship on economics, business, politics and governance that has examined the United States within an international context during the 1870s–1914 era. My objective is to discern trends in the literature and suggest opportunities for future research rather than to provide a comprehensive bibliographical survey.
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Roman, A., and Volker Mauerhofer. "Multilevel Coordination and Cooperation during Implementing Supranational Environmental Legislation: A Case Study on Invasive Alien Species." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061531.
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Coordination and cooperation are necessary topics to strengthen international environmental agreements that improve action against worldwide challenges towards sustainable development and environmental protection, such as invasive alien species (IAS). This study aims to assess to what extent national and transnational cooperation and coordination influences the implementation of a supranational regulation against IAS based on an example from the European Union (EU). Data is used from a broader study, including 47 responses to an online questionnaire and 22 interviews completed by experts from two countries (Austria and Romania), together with in depth literature. Additionally, the IAS-Regulation is analyzed from the perspective of cooperation and coordination. The terms “cooperation” and “coordination” were found within the text of the IAS-Regulation 11 and nine times respectively, whereas their context was transnational and national levels mainly, and transnational, respectively. It was further acknowledged from the majority of the answers from the survey respondents that the national coordination and cooperation is weaker than the transnational level due to the influence of the national competence distribution. Results from the interviews are separated into ‘transnational’ and ‘national’ cooperation and coordination. They show that the majority of the 47 responses indicate that the distribution of competence is one of the main influencing factors on the implementation. It is concluded that the current situation of cooperation and coordination in Austria and Romania renders it difficult for the European Commission to receive a realistic view about IAS and the implementation of the IAS Regulation in the two countries; hence, it is difficult to offer helpful support especially due to poor national cooperation. The current study can serve as a blueprint for further studies. Even in regional integration contexts beyond the EU, it can prove helpful to assess the impact of different kinds of competence distribution on the implementation of common norms. Thus, this research can path the way innovatively and serve as a comparative example for similar future studies.