Dissertations / Theses: 'Comparative and general'

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Cheung, Yam-Leung. "The negative wh-construction." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779690041&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wang, Yixiong. "Comparative planetary circulation regimes in simple general circulation models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669741.

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This thesis presents the studies of terrestrial planetary atmospheric circula- tion regimes using simplified GCMs with different levels of complexity. Two different versions of the simplified GCM PUMA (Portable University Model for the Atmosphere) are used — PUMA-S with Newtonian cooling scheme and PUMA-G with a semi-grey two-band radiative transfer scheme and dry convective adjustment. A series of controlled experiments are conducted by varying planetary rotation rate and imposed equator-to-pole temperature dif- ference using PUMAS-S, and by varying rotation rate, planetary obliquity, and the ratio of optical depth in long-wave (thermal radiation) band to that in short-wave (stellar radiation) band using PUMA-G. These defining parame- ters are further combined with each other into dimensionless forms to establish parameter spaces, in which the occurences of different circulation regimes are mapped and classified. For the PUMA-S experiments, very coherent trends when varying planetary rotation rate (thermal Rossby number) is found. It is demonstrated that the GRW mechanism is mainly responsible for the equato- rial super-rotation observed in our experiments. Regular baroclinic waves are obtained at intermediate values of thermal Rossby number and depend strongly on the strength of radiative and frictional damping. Global atmospheric ener- getics in terms of Lorenz energy cycle and meridional heat transport efficiency also exhibits strong dependence on planetary rotation rate from our PUMA-S experiments. Theories of geostrophic turbulence (especially the recently in- troduced zonostrophic turbulence) and jet formation are examined using the PUMA-S experiments. For the PUMA-G experiments, Similar trends are ob- served with respect to varying planetary rotation rate, while new regimes like strongly subrotating atmospheres are found when varying obliquity in PUMA- G. Tidally-locked planets are also studied by modifying the incoming stellar irradiation in PUMA-G. It is found that atmospheric optical depth in the long- wave band plays an important role in setting the heat transport efficiency from day-side to night-side. These results provide significant insights into the ter- restrial planetary atmospheric circulation dynamics and the inference of circu- lation regimes of extrasolar planets. Future studies will focus on the effect of seasonal/diurnal cycle, the parametrisation of eddy heat transport efficiency, as well as the modification of the two-band semi-grey radiative transfer scheme to incorporate pressure broadening effects

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Kat, Michael P. "Comparative studies of microseismic source location techniques." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61709.

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Walker, Katharine Aynge. "Seventeenth century northern noble widows : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2004. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7766/.

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This thesis is presented in part fulfilment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Huddersfield. This thesis aims to explore the lives of seventeenth century noble widows in the north of England. The issues investigated include the demographics of widowhood, economics of widowhood, charitable activities, noble widows and the law, social networks surrounding widows and widows' political interests. Each of these subjects forms a chapter, where widows' contribution to each sphere through the seventeenth century is explored and assessed. The work also covers wider issues which affected women prior to and during marriage as they were also relevant to widowhood. Therefore it has been necessary to widen the scope of research from analyzing women's lives after the deaths of their husbands. Similarly, the geographical scope of the research, whilst basically entrenched in the north of England, extends in response to the variety of widows' experiences. The research has required examination of primary source material generated by widows such as letters, diaries, estate records and account books from institutions such as the British Library and private libraries such as that at Chatsworth. The second aim of this thesis is to examine more recent attitudes towards seventeenth century noble widows, encompassing the writings of nineteenth century historians and contemporary authors. The subject of this study is an under researched area and the thesis highlights the importance of the only part of a noblewoman's life that was lived as an independent individual. By scrutinising the secondary source material, challenging and criticizing general arguments proposed by other writers, debate upon the subject should be increased and new ideas expressed. Despite the social, legal, economic and political changes which took place throughout the seventeenth century, noble widows remained influential figures within the contexts of family, household and society as they exploited legal loopholes or accepted conventions in order to further their individual aims. This study advances the understanding of women's history by focussing on a neglected aspect of the subject, provides a new viewpoint for regional history and stimulates ideas for further academic debate.

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Eng, Dennis. "Process evaluation of general data migration guidelines : A comparative study." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57440.

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Information systems form the backbone of many organizations today and are vital for their daily activities. For each day these systems grows bigger and more customized to the point where it is heavily integrated in the current platform. However, eventually the platform grows obsolete and the system itself becomes an obstacle for further development. Then the question arises, how do we upgrade the platform while retaining customizations and data? One answer is data migration which essentially is the process of moving data from one device to another. The problems of data migration becomes evident with extensive and heavily customized systems which effectively lead to the absence of any general guidelines for data migration.This thesis attempts to take a first step in finding and testing a set of general migration guidelines that might facilitate the creation of future migration projects. This is achieved using a comparative analysis of the general migration guidelines contra the process of migrating data between different editions of the Microsoft SharePoint framework. The analysis attempts to find out if the general guidelines are general enough for this migration process and leave it to future research to further assess their generality. This paper will also investigate the importance of using incremental migration and the ability to perform structural change during migration as well as how these issues is handled by the built in migration tool of SharePoint. In the end the general guidelines proved to be sufficient to express the SharePoint migration process and should therefore be used for further research to assess their worth in other projects. In terms of the second issue, the built-in migration tool proved weak in handling either incremental migration nor structural change which is unfortunate due to the benefits these features bring.

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Heinemann, Klaus. "Pre-incorporation transactions : a comparative analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59396.

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Whether in common law jurisdictions or in German civil law, the issue of pre-incorporation transactions has always been the subject of considerable controversy. Concerned with the promoters, third parties, the company and its shareholders, the law has found it difficult to balance these frequently conflicting interests without neglecting the need for clear and simple rules. Common law courts, sometimes excessively committed to legal principles, have even come up with absurd results.
This survey looks at the various attempts made in order to reconcile legal principles and business requirements--legislative in most common law jurisdictions, juridical in Germany. It will critically examine the approaches taken in Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions and compare their results and reasoning with the solution found in German law. It will be seen that even among closely related legal systems, results differ considerably. The survey will illustrate how established rules of law have turned out to be largely incapable of meeting the challenge of pre-incorporation transactions. From a comparative point of view, some suggestions will be made in order to achieve a solution that is more satisfactory in result and reasoning.

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Wilson, Ian. "Comparative genomic analyses of Entamoeba species." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2007270/.

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Amoebiasis is the third-most common cause of mortality worldwide from a disease borne of a parasitic infection. It affects up to 50 million people annually, of which 40,000 to 100,000 cases are fatal. Entamoeba histolytica is an obligate protozoon parasite of humans and is the aetiological agent of the disease. Recent suggestions that other members of the Entamoeba genus are human-infective, and potentially pathogenic, have been investigated here. A draft assembly and annotation of the 25 Mb genome of E. moshkovskii strain Laredo is presented, to which multiple E. moshkovskii strains were mapped. The E. moshkovskii genome was found to be approximately 200 times more variable than that of E. histolytica. Performance of the four-haplotype test revealed that genetic recombination does not seem to occur in E. moshkovskii. As such, it is suggested that it be referred to as a ‘species complex’, rather than an individual species. A comparative genomic analysis of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS, E. moshkovskii Laredo, E. invadens IP-1 and the avirulent E. dispar SAW760 was performed. Subsequent comparative analyses against members of genera representative of the diversity in the Unikonts clade enabled the identification of orthologous gene families unique to the Entamoeba genus. Analysis of virulence factors within this set revealed that gene families involved in adhesion of amoebic trophozoites to host cells play a key role in the development of invasive amoebiasis. The Gal/GalNAc lectins and members of the BspA family are of particular interest, being present in all analysed species, except for E. dispar. The presence of these key families, plus cysteine proteases, in the E. moshkovskii genome suggests that some sequence types within this species complex may be pathogenic. E. invadens was found to possess larger numbers of more variable genes within many virulence factor families, including the BspA family and the Gal/GalNAc lectins. This suggests that sequence diversity facilitates E. invadens’ polyxenous lifestyle. Finally, a novel species recently isolated from a human faecal sample - E. bangladeshi, strain 8237 – was sequenced. Its genome was assembled using multiple de novo genome assemblers and coding sequences were assembled individually. A combination of all methods tested was found to be beneficial in maximising the number of gene sequences assembled, which is advised as good practice in future similar assemblies. The phylogeny of E. bangladeshi, achieved using the combined assemblies’ outputs suggested that the novel species is human-infective. The work presented here utilised modern comparative genomic techniques to improve understanding of Entamoeba species, their capacity for causing disease and their potential impact upon the epidemiology of amoebiasis.

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Jabareen, Yousef Taiseer. "Constitutional protection of minorities in comparative perspective : Palestinians in Israel and African-Americans in the United States /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://lib.haifa.ac.il/theses/general/001300803.pdf.

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Guo, Ling-Yu Tomblin J. Bruce Owen Amanda J. "Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370.

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Howatt, Mary. "Object infinitival complements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ43884.pdf.

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Tanaka, Hidekazu. "Conditions on logical form derivations and representations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0028/NQ50266.pdf.

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Hallon, Robert J. M. Brøondal Viggo. "Brøondal's system of grammar : a translation of, and commentary on, Morfologi Og Syntax (1932) /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh192.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of English, 1989.
This thesis is a study of the grammatical theories of Viggo Brøondal ; the central part of the thesis consists of an English translation of his Morfologi og syntax (1932). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 386-416).

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13

Senturia, Martha Baird. "A prosodic theory of hiatus resolution /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9835402.

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Israel, Michael. "The rhetoric of grammar : scalar reasoning and polarity sensitivity /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9913154.

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15

Légaré, Claudette. "Les clubs pour personnes âgées à Ottawa : étude comparative." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5481.

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Smith, Anne Marie. "The appraisal remedy in corporate law a comparative study." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5717.

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17

Jacques, Sabine. "The right to parody? : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32990/.

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Copyright law grants exclusive rights to right-holders which prevent others from exploiting copyright-protected works without authorisation. However, this right is not absolute. Legislation includes specific exceptions which preclude right-holders from exercising their prerogatives in particular cases which foster creativity and cultural diversity within that society. The parody exception pertains to this ultimate objective by permitting users to reproduce copyright-protected materials for the purpose of parody. While the parody exception is not harmonised at international level, the EU Information Society Directive offers EU Member States the option of including a parody exception within national copyright legislation as part of a harmonising framework. The UK took advantage of this option, and introduced a new copyright exception for parody in October 2014. To understand the meaning and scope of the new exception in UK copyright law and to analyse whether EU harmonisation of the parody exception is achievable, this thesis examines and compares four jurisdictions which differ in their protection of parodies: France, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. This thesis is concerned with finding an appropriate balance between the protection afforded to right-holders and the public interest in encouraging parody. This is achieved by analysing the parody exception to the economic rights of right-holders, the application of moral rights and the interaction of the parody exception with contract law. As parodies constitute an artistic expression protected under the right to freedom of expression, this thesis considers the influence of freedom of expression on the interpretation of this specific copyright exception. Furthermore, this thesis aims to provide guidance on how to resolve conflicts where fundamental rights are in conflict.

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Buhler, Patricia Lynn. "Prenatal care : a comparative evaluation of nurse-midwives and general practitioners." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24489.

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The practice of midwifery by those other than physicians is illegal in Canada and despite recommendations of nursing, medical and consumer groups, no trials evaluating the effectiveness of the nurse-midwife as a member of the modern obstetrical team have occurred here. To demonstrate a nurse-midwifery model, four nurse-midwives provided primary care to forty-seven childbearing women and their families over a twenty-two month period in a maternity teaching hospital. This clinic presented a unique opportunity for comparing the prenatal care provided by nurse-midwives with that of general practitioners who attended deliveries in the same setting. Utilizing a retrospective chart audit, case control study design, the nurse-midwife cases (NM cases) were each matched to two general practitioner controls (GP controls) through the use of the hospital's prenatal data base. The matching characteristics included low risk status, date of delivery, age, parity, gravidity, previous pregnancy losses and census tract income. Prenatal criteria that had been developed and tested in "The Burlington Randomized Clinical Trial of the Nurse Practitioner" for assessing the quality of care were reviewed and updated for this study. With these criteria two blinded abstractors audited the prenatal record forms of all the subjects and scored them as either "superior", "adequate" or "inadequate". Seventy-seven percent of the records of the NM cases received a "superior" score, where as 60% of the GP controls' records received an "inadequate" score [mathematical formula omitted] Overall, the general practitioners' records indicated more erratic care than those of the nurse-midwives. Although the physicians met most of the initial assessment criteria, they failed to meet the criteria that evaluated the ongoing routine assessment process by recording an inadequate number of prenatal visits (36%), or by omitting urine test results (38$) and blood pressure readings (21%). No differences were found in variables relating to labour and delivery with the exception of the incidence of episiotomies. The results indicate that nurse-midwives as part of an obstetrical team are able to provide safe prenatal care to a low risk population in a Canadian urban context, and that their records are thorough and more consistent than those of general practitioners.
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate

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Walsh, Linda. "The nature of morphological representations /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73987.

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Campana, Mark. "A movement theory of ergativity." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39511.

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In this thesis, I propose a theory of ergativity in which NP arguments are checked for Case by moving to projections of agreement at LF. The Case-marking pattern of an ergative language arises when transitive subjects move to the projection of agreement usually associated with objects (AGR.o), while transitive objects and intransitive subjects move to the projection of subject agreement (AGR.s). While this proposal assigns the same underlying structure to clauses in an ergative language (unlike Marantz, 1984), it does have distinctive syntactic effects. In this it contrasts with a purely morphological approach to ergativity, such as that of Anderson (1976).
Arguments can move to the specifier position of agreement, or adjoin to its maximal projection. Movement cannot take place across the same kind of position as the landing site, which leads us to predict that transitive subjects cannot undergo grammatical extraction in an ergative language. This prediction turns out to be correct in a number of languages, including Chamorro, Mam, and other members of the Mayan group. Our theory also allows for a plausible account of split ergativity--non-canonical patterns in an otherwise ergative language where transitive and intransitive subjects are marked the same, but behave differently under extraction.
The proposal that NPs are not checked for Case until LF entails that they remain in their base positions at S-structure. Evidence for this claim is adduced from the distribution of empty pronoun arguments whose contents must be identified. Our prediction is that transitive subjects in an ergative language will interfere in the identification of an empty object pronoun, since it is closer to the pronoun than its legitimate identifier, AGR.s. This is also shown to be the case.

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Goldberg, Lotus Madelyn. "Verb-stranding VP ellipsis : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=50177.

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This thesis presents a study of a construction which I refer to as Verb-Stranding VP Ellipsis. The construction is studied here, specifically, in two distinct senses. First, in chapter two, diagnostics are proposed by which the VP Ellipsis ("VPE") construction can be identified—irrespective of whether the main verb involved is null or overt. It is proposed that these diagnostics can be used to rule out the possibility that the data at issue are cases of other types of null anaphora, such as null arguments, Stripping, Gapping, and Null Complement Anaphora. It emerges from this section of the thesis that Modern Hebrew, Modern Irish, and Swahili have V-Stranding VPE data which form a natural class with English's Aux-Stranding VPE, while Japanese, Korean, Italian, and Spanish do not. The second focus is the question of how V-Stranding VPE should be generated. Chapters 3 and 4 argue in favor of an analysis involving PF Deletion of a VP out of which the main verb has raised, and against an LF Copying treatment. These arguments, in part, involve the Verbal Identity Requirement on VP Ellipsis, a novel generalization involving strict identity in root and derivational morphology between the antecedent- and target clause main Vs of the construction. Within the previously known requirement that elided phrases express semantically Given information, I argue that this generalization results from the fact that the head of an elided phrase must itself express Given information—whether or not the head surfaces as phonologically null.
Dans cette étude, on considère en detail une construction que j'appelle « L'élision d'une expression verbale sans l'élision du verbe principal » (anglais « V-Stranding VP Ellipsis »). Cette construction est étudiée ici, spécifiquement, dans deux sens distincts. Dans le chapitre 2, on propose des diagnostics grace auxquels on peut identifier la construction « élision d'une expression verbale » (« EEV », anglais « VP Ellipsis »), que le verbe principal dans l'expression verbale soit manifeste ou élidé. On soutient que ces diagnostics peuvent être utilisés pour éliminer la possibilité que les données pertinentes soient des exemples d'autres types d'anaphore nulle, tels que argument du verbe nul, le « Stripping », le « Gapping », et le « Null Complement Anaphora ». Ainsi, on propose dans cette section que l'EEV sans l'élision du verbe dans les grammaires de l'hebreu, de l'irlaindais et du swahili forme une classe naturelle avec l'EEV avec l'élision du verbe en anglais. On soutient aussi que cette construction n'existent pas en japonais, en coréen, en espagnol, ou en italienne. Ensuite, on considère la question de comment génerer les exemples d'EEV sans l'élision du verbe. Dans les chapitres 3 et 4, on propose une analyse qui utilise la suppression d'une expression verbale au niveau de la Forme Phonologique (« la suppression FP », anglais « PF Deletion ») aprês le placement du verbe principal a une position en dehors de l'expression verbale, et on presente une explication de la raison pour laquelle une analyse qui utilise des copies de la Forme Logique (« copie FL », anglais « LF Copying ») n'est pas viable. Ceci implique, en partie, la Condition d'Identite Verbale, une généralisation proposé ici pour la premiêre fois, impliquant une identité stricte de la racine et dans la morphologie dérivationnelle entre les verbes principaux des propositions antécedentes et des propositions ciblés. Dans le cadre de la condition connue selon laquelle les syntagmes élidés expriment une information sémantique donnée (anglais « Given »), j e soutiens que la condition d'identité verbale resulte du fait que la tete d'un syntagme élidé doit elle-meme exprimer l'information donnée sémantiquement—que la téte soit phonologiquement manifeste ou nulle.

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Collins, Jeremy Charles. "Grammaticalization and Greenberg's word order correlations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534130.

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Word order universals constitute a well-known problem in language typology, first outlined in Greenberg (1963). It has been firmly established in databases of over 1500 languages that languages with verb-object ordering are very likely to have prepositions and noun-genitive ordering, while languages with object-verb ordering are very likely to have postpositions and genitive-noun ordering (Dryer and Haspelmath 2011). This thesis attempts to give a historical explanation for these facts in terms of the origin of syntactic categories: adpositions have historically developed from nouns and verbs (Givon 1984, Aristar 1991); and verbs often develop from nominalizations used with a genitive object. These types of grammaticalization can explain why adpositions retain the ordering of their source nouns or verbs, and why verb/object ordering often parallels noun/genitive ordering. This historical explanation is elaborated on, with data from different language families. Examples of verbs grammaticalizing from nominalizations used with genitive objects are given, drawing on historical work such as Salanova (2007) on Brazilian Jê languages and Starosta, Pawley and Reid (1982) on Austronesian. Different languages show varying degrees of 'nominalism', the morphosyntactic resemblance between verb forms and noun phrases/nominalizations. Other languages show a less developed distinction between adpositions and verbs/nouns. These examples of gradience in syntactic categories are argued to be behind resemblances in word orderings. Language contact is responsible for preserving word order types, when languages undergo change in more than one word order (e.g. Greenberg 1969); and the difference in rates of word order change across constructions is argued to be behind hierarchies such as Hawkins (1983)'s Prepositional Noun Modifier Hierarchy. This explanation of word order universals contrasts with more mainstream accounts such as Hawkins (1994) in terms of processing efficiency, and Kirby and Christiansen (2003) in terms of learnability. While these explanations are perhaps compatible with the historical explanation, they are argued to be redundant; grammaticalization arguably is not driven or constrained by learnability and processing efficiency, with memetics, 'typological poise' (Enfield 2003) and language contact given as alternatives. Instead of reflecting functional biases, word order patterns are argued to reflect language history, both the history of language contact, and the history of syntactic categories developing through grammaticalization.
published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Chung, So-Woo. "Cataphora in discourse representation theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8424.

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Poirier, Josée. "Finding meaning in silence the comprehension of ellipsis /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3358671.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 14, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Seal, Amy. "Scoring sentences developmentally : an analog of developmental sentence scoring /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access:, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd12.pdf.

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Sato, Hiromi. "Selection for clausal complements and tense features /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8432.

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Diessel, Holger. "Demonstratives form, function, and grammaticalization /." Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : J. Benjamins, 1999. http://site.ebrary.com/id/5000150.

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Revision of dissertation (Ph.D)--State University of New York, Buffalo - "Demonstratives in cross-linguistic and diachronic perspective".
Includes index. Includes bibliographical references at the end of each section.

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Noonan, Máire B. "Case and syntactic geometry." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39372.

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The first part of this thesis addresses the following questions: where in the syntactic tree, and at what representational level is an NP Case-checked. To this end, it presents converging data from French, Welsh and Irish, which suggest (i) that Case-checking may be accomplished under a variety of functional projections (subject to parametric variation); and (ii) that Case positions are--at least partially--independent of the A/A$ sp prime$-distinction. It furthermore presents evidence from Irish and Welsh--VSO languages in which NPs typically raise to their Case position only at LF--that NPs are, under certain conditions, Case-checked at S-structure.
Chapter 2 investigates word order and cliticisation in Standard French and Quebec French interrogatives and proposes a typology of interrogatives. Chapter 3 and 4 account for complementizer variation, pre-verbal particles and agreement patterns in Welsh and Irish under a Case-theoretic approach.
The second part of this thesis concerns the conditions on the availability of structural accusative Case. A theory of structural Case is proposed according to which accusativity is a configurational rather than a lexical property--i.e., resulting from syntactic geometry and not from lexical feature specifications on verbs. To this end, a comparison between the syntactic mapping of stative and perfective predicates in Irish and English is undertaken.

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Wynne, Terence Stewart. "The present perfect : a corpus-based investigation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3472.

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On the basis of an investigation of a corpus of 5.5 million words, this thesis analyses the use of the present perfect in modem American and British English. The investigation traces the development of the present perfect from its origins as a structure with adjectival meaning to its modern-day use as an aspectual verb form. A frequency analysis tests the claims of various writers that the present perfect is losing ground against the preterite and is less frequent in American than in British English. Neither claim is supported by the results of this analysis. A temporal specifier analysis investigates the co-occurrence of a large number of adverbials with the various verb forms. It finds that certain groups of specifiers which have hitherto been considered markers for the present perfect are in fact very poor indicators. Specifiers indicating a period of time lasting up to the moment of utterance, however, are found to be very reliable indicators. With one exception no significant difference was found between the British and American corpora in this respect. A functional-semantic analysis examines the various theories of the present perfect against the background of the results of the empirical investigation and finds them to be insufficient in one or more respects. In the final chapter the division between tense and aspect is shown to be artificial and a model of the present perfect is presented which is based on the idea of multilayered aspectual values. The model is centred on the unifying concept of phragmatisation - the closing of the event time-frame. According to this model, discourse topics involving the present perfect are perceived to describe an event which takes place in a time frame which is not closed to the deictic zero point at the moment of utterance. The final section describes which factors are operative in the phragmatisation or closing of event time frames.

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Sheikholeslami, Salmasi Kamaleddin. "Assessment and comparative analysis of Iran's mineral policy : lessons and recommendations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0030/NQ64667.pdf.

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Sanfilippo, Antonio. "Grammatical relations, thematic roles and verb semantics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6585.

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Grammatical relations have always constituted a primary focus of attention in the study of language. Within the last three decades, the topicality of this trend has increasingly been determined by the quest for a universal characterization of the language faculty which has shaped the goals and directives of most current works in theoretical linguistics. Although the realization patterns and syntactic functionality of grammatical relations are subject to cross-linguistic variation, studies in comparative grammar have provided suggestive evidence that the range of variation found can often be contained within the limits fixed by a discrete set of parameters. The investigation of these parameters has broached the possibility of a universal specification of the nature of grammatical relations. This thesis proposes that such a specification should be achieved by establishing regularities in the syntax-semantics interface within a constraint-based approach to linguistic analysis that integrates a precise computational interpretation. In keeping with this objective, a unification-based categorial grammar framework is developed which incorporates the semantic insights of a Neo-Davidsonian approach to verb semantics and predicate-argument combination, where thematic roles are defined as clusters of entailments of verb meanings. This framework is extended with an integrated approach to argument selection and selection change. Properties of the resulting system are demonstrated with respect to a variety of natural language phenomena concerning grammatical function changing, unaccusativity and clitic dislocation.

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Noe, Andreas Hans. "A comparative study of business students in Sri Lanka and Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5861.

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Jo, In-Hee. "A unified semantic analysis of serialization : intensionality of event individuation." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862290.

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Even though there has been little agreement as to how the phenomenon of serialization is to be defined, it is generally assumed (i) that there is a close meaning dependency (of some kind) between the event descriptions serialized (serials hereafter), (ii) that the serials cannot be modified independently by such sentential operators as tense, aspect, mood, etc., and (iii) that these aspects of serialization are closely related to the fact that a serial construction refers to a `single event'.However, these assumptions have not been materialized into an explicit analysis of serialization. In particular, it has not been clearly accounted for how the concept of single event is attributed to the meaning dependencies between serials that are apparently so diverse as to defy a unique semantic characterization. Thus, in previous studies, the apparent heterogeneity of meaning dependencies has led to `fragmentation' of serialization into coordinating and subordinating types, and of the subordinating type, in turn, into a variety of lexically governed subtypes.This dissertation argues against such fragmentation and provides a unified semantic analysis of serialization, drawing on the philosophical discussions of event individuation and causation. Under my analysis, the sense of inseparable connection between serials is represented by a counterfactual dependency between them. The counterfactual dependency only entails that the first serial is necessarily related to the second, without specifying the nature of the necessary relatedness. Thus, the variety of meaning dependencies observed in the literature can be accommodated as particular instances of the counterfactual dependency.Moreover, the single event reading of serialization is attributed to the `counterfactual' dependency between serials: in virtue of the dependency, the serials are not identified independently of each other, and hence are construed as constituting a single event unit. A variety of structural constraints on serialization observed in the literature are then analyzed as natural consequences of the conceptual unity of the serialized events as a whole.
Department of English

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34

Sethuraman, Nitya. "The acquisition of verbs and argument structure constructions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3049671.

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Melvin, Catherine Eda. "Cross-cultural representations: The construction of "America" after September 11th in English Canadian, Quebec and French print media." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26982.

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The cultural turn in Translation Studies is the name given to the shift from an inter-lingual approach to the study of translation to an inter-cultural one. Since the cultural turn, meaning is no longer considered to be reducible to the level of word, sentence or even text within a specific situation of utterance. Instead, culture as a whole is considered to be the prime locus of meaning. Translators, then, are not expected to be simply bilingual, but to be bi-cultural. This thesis is a comparative discourse analysis that explores how pre-existing discourses in English Canada, Quebec and France affect the representation of the United States in print media coverage following terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11th, 2001. More specifically, the impact of the discourse of counter-Americanism in English Canada is analyzed in a corpus of newspaper articles selected from five major Canadian dailies. Similarly, articles from Le Devoir and La Presse are analyzed in relation to the discourse of americanite in Quebec and articles from Le Monde are analyzed in relation to the discourse of anti-Americanism in France. In each case, the construction of an American identity can be traced to the specific geographical, historical, political and economic relationships of each country to the U.S. This means that representations of an American Other serve primarily to support representations of self, thus revealing the relative and constructed nature of national identity. Drawing on scholars in both Cultural Studies and Communications, this study outlines how discourse constructs national identity. In addition, it illustrates how identity discourses affect the construction and interpretation of meaning, thus meriting attention in the field of Translation Studies. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Alnwick, Marie. "Translating the Buffyverse: Examining French fan response to "Buffy contre les vampires"." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27568.

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Fictional texts represent a particular challenge for translators due to their use of expressive language. The translation of audiovisual texts in particular is complicated by various institutional and technical constraints. As such, assessing the quality of translated televisual fiction is a complex undertaking that requires an approach more flexible than that prescribed by proponents of textual-linguistic models. This thesis looks at translation quality from another angle, that of audience reception. As a case study, this thesis investigates the reception of the French dubbed translation of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, a popular American television show characterized by its frequent use of illocutionary elements, including wordplay, neologisms and cultural references. One interpretive community's response to the French dubbed translation is examined through the document analysis of a French chat room thread dedicated to the dubbed version of the show. In order to check the legitimacy of fans' claims, a translated episode of Buff the Vampire Slayer is assessed, with posters' comments informing the evaluation criteria. In particular, the target text is evaluated according to its treatment of illocutionary strategies. The results of the document analysis and the translation evaluation are compared to give a multidimensional perspective on the quality of the target text. The evaluation highlights the prevailing tendency of the target text to omit illocutionary elements in favour of neutral paraphrase, and the document analysis suggests that this tendency may in part account for the chat viewers' largely negative response to Buffy the Vampire Slayer's French dubbed translation.

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Heinz, Jeffrey Nicholas. "Inductive learning of phonotactic patterns." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467886191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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38

Schueler, David Edward. "The syntax and semantics of implicit conditionals filling in the antecedent /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619097961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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39

Huang, Chia-Hui. "A restructuring of case theory : evidence from S-selected case /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8426.

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Tuncer, Kilavuz Idil. "Understanding violent conflict a comparative study of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278200.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Central Eurasian Studies, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 4055. Adviser: William Fierman. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 7, 2008).

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41

Rosenblatt, Paulo. "General anti-avoidance rules for major developing countries: a comparative taxation approach." Thesis, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603581.

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A GAAR is controversial: it confers great powers on tax officials but has not provided a complete solution to tax avoidance. Nevertheless, the idea of a GAAR has spread worldwide. Tax avoidance is not exclusive to advanced economies but also harmful to developing countries. International Financial Institutions have recently recommended a GAAR 'menu or tool kit' for developing countries. However, a number of differences between developed and developing countries suggest they should have different approaches in this field. There has been little research on adequate tax reforms for these countries. This thesis addresses this lacuna by discussing a workable GAAR for major developing countries. It considers the lessons from selected countries and what can be adapted to developing countries' circumstances. Comparative taxation is a useful tool to identify similarities and differences between systems, to provide a framework for comparing potential solutions to common policy issues and to promote law reform. The research acknowledges the limits to comparative taxation and the cautions needed in legal transplants. The design analysis focuses on the primary common elements of GAARs - scheme or arrangement, tax benefit and purpose - and secondary, nonessential tests - reasonableness, artificiality, abnormality, substance-over-form, economic reality, business purpose, non-tax purpose and abuse of law. The analysis is based on statutory provisions, discussion papers and case law mainly. Given that discretion is an unavoidable feature of GAARs, the thesis discusses how this power can be limited to provide a balance between protecting the tax base and securing legitimate tax planning. This thesis assumes that a GAAR may bring uncertainty to any system. Nonetheless, the hypothesis is that a narrowly drafted GAAR containing clear criteria and essential taxpayers' safeguards- although this may restrict its scope of generalitycan be an appropriate measure for developing countries.

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42

Finer, Daniel L. "The formal grammar of switch-reference." New York : Garland, 1985. http://books.google.com/books?id=xkxiAAAAMAAJ.

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43

Bagemihl, Bruce. "Alternate phonologies and morphologies." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28617.

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This thesis investigates two types of alternate languages: LUDLINGS (also known as language games, speech disguises, etc.), which involve primarily nonconcatenative morphological manipulation of their source languages, and SURROGATE LANGUAGES, which substitute alternative sound-producing mechanisms (whistling or a musical instrument) for the larynx. Chapter 2 explores the autonomy of surrogate systems in relation to both their own modalities and their source language phonologies. After presenting a formal analysis of Akan drum speech, I develop a complete model of the surrogate component. I argue that many properties which distinguish whistle surrogates from instrumental surrogates can only be attributed to the modular organization of this component. The last part of the chapter provides an inventory of the types of processes present in each module of the surrogate component. Chapter 3 presents theoretical treatments of representatives of each of the three major categories of ludlings (templatic, infixing, and reversing), beginning with the katajjait (throat games) of the Canadian Inuit. Although customarily regarded as a form of music, the katajjait are actually a well-developed form of templatic ludling. The implications of an infixing ludling in Tigrinya for tiered and planar geometry are then investigated. The chapter concludes with a detailed analysis of reversing ludlings, based on a parametrized version of the Crossing Constraint. In Chapter 4 I develop an integrated model of alternate linguistic systems, starting with an investigation of where in the grammar the ludling component is located. Drawing on data from more than fifty languages, I propose that there are three conversion modules in this component, each taking a well-defined level of representation as its input. In the last portion of the chapter I explore the possibility that one or more of these modules overlaps with the last module of the surrogate component. I conclude that the similarities exhibited by ludlings and surrogates are not due to a shared conversion module, but rather reflect the interaction of three factors: 1) the salience of certain levels of representation within the grammar; 2) general properties of the domains in which conversion takes place; and 3) membership in a common alternate linguistic component.
Arts, Faculty of
Linguistics, Department of
Graduate

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44

Myachykov, Andriy. "Integrating perceptual, semantic and syntactic information in sentence production." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis. Move to record for print version, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/31/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.
Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Law, Business and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

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45

Farrell, Gayle 1959. "Compensatory mechanisms in aphasia : production of syntactic forms that express thematic roles." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63336.

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46

Fonte, Isabel. "Restrictions on coda : an optimality theoretic account of phonotactics." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24078.

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In this work, I will be looking at the cross-linguistic restrictions on coda position, especially with regard to sonority and place. I propose that these restrictions can be best captured if we acknowledge two types of constraints; those which restrict the licensing ability of codas, as well as those which set out a relationship between a coda and a following onset. I show that in allowing for this distinction, the contrast between the restrictions on word-internal codas and word-final ones falls out straightforwardly. This study is carried out in the framework of Optimality Theory, but the basic claims are expected to hold in other frameworks, whether rule-based or constraint-based.

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Kawasaki, Takako 1968. "Coda constraints : optimizing representations." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35970.

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Languages differ in their sound patterns, but these differences are, to a large extent, systematic. One goal of Universal Grammar (Chomsky 1957, 1965) is to account for the systematic patterns which are attested across languages. Toward this end, Universal Grammar is considered to contain a set of phonological primitives such as features, and some restrictions on their combination. However, in rule-based phonology, it is assumed that rules are part of the grammar of an individual language. By their very nature, rules describe operations. As such, they are not well-suited to express restrictions on the ways in which segments may combine when no overt operation is involved. To account for such restrictions, Chomsky & Halle (Sound Pattern of English (SPE): 1968) supplemented rules with Morpheme Structure Constraints (MSCs) which define the possible morpheme shapes that a particular language allows (see also Halle 1959). Thus, in SPE, both MSCs and rules played a role in accounting for the phonological patterns observed in languages.

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Nekhumbe, Mudivhani Gilbert. "Nominal inflectional categories of Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52961.

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Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the four nominal inflectional categories which are identified in morphology, i.e. case, noun class, agreement and number in Tshiven~a. This study also examines Determiner Phrase, enclitics and definiteness with regard to Tshivenc1a noun phrases. Chapter one is the introduction of this study. It states the aim of the study which is, firstly, to establish whether case, noun class, agreement and number occur in Tshivencla, and secondly, to examine the form, syntactic distribution and semantics of these categories in Tshiven~a. This chapter also gives the morphological assumptions of the model of lexememorpheme base morphology by Beard (1995) and Aronoff (1994). The theory of lexical semantics of Pustejovsky (1996) and the Minimalist program of Chomsky (1995) are also discussed. Chapter two examines the Determiner Phrase in Tshiven~a. It concentrates on the structure of the OP in Tshivenda. Attention has been 41\ given to the functional categories within the OP such as DET and Agr as well as the various nominal modifiers within the OP. Chapter three explores Case in Tshiven~a. In Tshiven9_a there are seven cases, i.e. nominative, accusative, instrumental, locative, genitive, dative and vocative. This chapter concentrates on the assignment of these cases and their grammatical functions. Chapter four explores the noun class in Tshivenda. It examines the form 1\ and the contribution of the meaning of the noun class prefixes. The morphological structure of the Tshivenda noun is taken as the framework 1\ for this analysis. It has been found that Tshivend,a.. has seventeen noun classes which are still active in this language. These noun class prefixes have 24 different semantic features which contribute to the meaning of the noun. Chapter five discusses agreement and number in Tshivenda. In the case A. of agreement it has been found that it is both dependent and independent of noun class. Subjectival and objectival agreement appear as two functional categories within the inflection phrase. Specific attention has also been given to existential agreement, sentential pronouns, the infinitive as well as problems with agreement with coordinated NPs. Certain cases have also been highlighted where no agreement appears. Lastly, it has been shown that number is not an inflectional category in Tshivenda, but it A is a semantic category. Chapter six is concemed with definiteness in the interpretation of the noun in Tshivenda. In the first place, it has been shown in which cases a noun 1\ phrase may be interpreted as definite or indefinite. Secondly, the contribution of the nominal modifiers with regard to the definiteness of the noun phrase has been investigated. Lastly, it has been shown that proper names have to be interpreted as definite. Chapter seven investigated the three enclitics in Tshivenda, i.e. de, shu '" A and vho. Their meaning and distribution have been explored with regard to their presence on nouns, nominal modifiers and verbs. The distribution of these three enclitics is dependent on their meaning. The enclitic de which A refers to quantifiers may not appear on verbs. Enclitics which are interrogative in nature such as d,..e and shu may not appear with interrogative nominal modifiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die vier nominale infleksie kategorieë wat in die morfologie geïdentifiseer is nl. naamval, naamwoordklas, klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenqa. Hierdie studie gee ook aandag aan Bepalersfrase, enklitieke en bepaaldheid m.b.t. die Tshiven2a naamwoordgroepe. Hoofstuk een is die inleiding tot die studie. Dit gee die doelstellings van die studie: eerstens moet vasgestel word of naamval, naamwoordklas, klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda voorkom, en tweedens moet die A vorm, sintaktiese distribusie en semantiek van hierdie kategorieë in Tshivenda bepaal word. Hierdie hoofstuk gee ook aandag aan die A morfologiese aannames van die lekseem-morfeem morfologie van Beard (1995) en Aronoff (1994). Die teorie van leksikale semantiek van Pustejovsky (1996) word ook bespreek sowel as die Minimalistiese program in sintaksis van Chomsky (1995). Hoofstuk twee ondersoek die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Dit konsentreer A veralop die struktuur van die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Aandag is veral A gegee aan die funksionele kategorieë binne die Bepalersfrase soos die bepaler en klasooreenstemming asook die verskillende nominale bepalers in die Bepalersfrase. Hoofstuk drie handeloor die naamval in Tshivenda. Sewe naamvalle is in A Tshivend,.a. onderskei nl. nominatief, akkusatief, instrument, lokatief, genitief, datief en vokatief. Hierdie hoofstuk konsentreer op die toekenning van hierdie naamvalle en hulle grammatikale funksies. Hoofstuk vier ondersoek die naamwoordklas in Tshivend,a.. Dit gee veral aandag aan die vorm van die naamwoordprefikse sowel as die bydrae van hierdie prefikse tot die betekenis van die naamwoord in Tshivenda. Hierdie '" analise is gedoen binne 'n raamwerk van die morfologiese struktuur van die naamwoord. Daar is gevind dat Tshivend,a. nog sewentien naamwoordklasse het wat aktief in die taal is. Daarby kon 24 verskillende betekeniskenmerke van hierdie naamwoordprefikse bepaal word. Hoofstuk vyf bespreek klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda. In die A geval van klasooreenstemming is gevind dat dit beide afhanklik en onafhanklik van naamwoordklas is. Klasooreenstemming ten opsigte van die onderwerp en voorwerp is twee funksionele kategorieë binne die infleksiefrase. Verder is spesiale aandag gegee aan eksistensie, sinsvoomaamwoorde, die infinitief sowel as neweskikkende naamwoordgroepe. Daar is ook gevalle aangedui waarin geen klasooreensteming voorkom. Getal is 'n semantiese kategorie in Tshivenda " maar nie' infleksie kategorie nie. Hoofstuk ses handeloor bepaaldheid ten opsigte van die interpretasie van die naamwoord in Tshivend,a.. In die eerste plek is aangedui in welke gevalle naamwoordgroepe bepaald of onbepaald geïnterpreteer kan word, en tweedens is aandag gegee aan die bydrae van nominale bepalers ten opsigte van die bepaaldheid van die naamwoordgroep. Laastens is gewys op die voorkoms van bepaaldheid by eiename. Hoofstuk sewe het die drie enklitieke in Tshivenda ondersoek nl. de, shu ,. J\ en vho. Hul betekenis en distribusie is nagegaan ten opsigte van hul voorkoms by naamwoorde, nominale bepalers asook werkwoorde. Die distribusie van hierdie drie enklitieke is duidelik afhanklik van hul betekenis. So kan de wat verwys na kwantifiseerders bv. nie saam met werkwoorde optree n"ie. Enklitieke wat interprogatief van aard is soos d,..e en shu kan ook dus nie saam met interrogatiewe nominale bepalers voorkom nie.

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Petronio, Karen M. "Clause structure in American sign language /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8418.

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Cowles, Heidi Wind. "Processing information structure : evidence from comprehension and production /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3100373.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comparative and general'

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