Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative and general Passive voice'
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Journal articles on the topic "Comparative and general Passive voice"
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Laanemets, Anu. "The passive voice in spoken and written Danish, Norwegian and Swedish." Languages in Contrast 13, no. 1 (March 8, 2013): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.13.1.04laa.
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Taking a comparative corpus-based approach, the article examines the use of the passive voice in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish written as well as spoken language. More specifically, we measure the relative frequency of the passive voice in general and in its two forms — periphrastic and morphological — within two written and two oral genres. Although we find differences in the relative frequency of the passive voice, with Danish and Norwegian being more similar than Swedish, the basic pattern is identical across the three languages. Situational and stylistic factors — especially the degree of formality — appear more important for the choice of passive voice than the distinction between written and spoken media. More formal genres use more passive voice and have a preference for the morphological passive, whereas less formal genres tend to use less passive voice with the periphrastic passive playing a relatively more prominent role.
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Ma'shumah, Nadia Khumairo, Isra F. Sianipar, and Cynthia Yanda Salsabila. "Google Translate Performance in Translating English Passive Voice into Indonesian." PIONEER: Journal of Language and Literature 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.36841/pioneer.v13i2.1292.
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A scant number of Google Translate users and researchers continue to be skeptical of the current Google Translate's performance as a machine translation tool. As English passive voice translation often brings problems, especially when translated into Indonesian which rich of affixes, this study works to analyze the way Google Translate (MT) translates English passive voice into Indonesian and to investigate whether Google Translate (MT) can do modulation. The data in this research were in the form of clauses and sentences with passive voice taken from corpus data. It included 497 news articles from the online news platform ‘GlobalVoices,' which were processed with AntConc 3.5.8 software. The data in this research were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to achieve broad objectives, depth of understanding, and the corroboration. Meanwhile, the comparative methods were used to analyze both source and target texts. Through the cautious process of collecting and analyzing the data, the results showed that (1) GT (via NMT) was able to translate the English passive voice by distinguishing morphological changes in Indonesian passive voice (2) GT was able to modulate English passive voice into Indonesian base verbs and Indonesian active voice.
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Mustafa, Mustafa Raza, and Aryan Sdiq Aziz. "Passive voice in Kurdish language, The Structure and phenomena (Comparative Research)." Halabja University Journal 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10387.
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Investigation in linguistics particularly applied linguistics and dialectology require consideration and experience in other fields, like phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. If we want to study the dialects, sub dialects and their characteristics, we must deal with the component of language carefully. So, in this paper to find out and illustrate the data of the sub dialects of central Kurmanji, northern Kurmanji, Hawrami Sub dialect, the data of these three dialects, sub dialects in term of morphology and syntax then Morphosyntax component have been demonstrated. Subsequently, thru analyses the examples, the similar and difference points have been represented and discussed which the similar and difference points of morphology, syntax of dialect and sub dialects of Kurdish language illuminated.
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Dubrovina, Margarita E. "About the similarity and difference in the use of passive in Russian and Turkish speech." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6s (November 2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6s-22.026.
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The author of the article conducts a comparative study of the use of forms of the passive voice in Turkish and Russian speech. In the course of scientific analysis, striking differences are found in the use of verb forms expressing the meaning of the passive. The Russian language has several ways of expressing this, the Turkish language is more consistent in this respect and conveys the meaning of suffering in one way, and adheres to the regularity in the use of voice forms in speech. The author demonstrates various language strategies in coding the same mental content, which can help in understanding the language mechanisms themselves, as well as facilitate the perception of the complex grammatical meaning of the passive for speakers of opposite languages for more effective mastering of a foreign language. The author conducts research within the framework of system linguistics, believing that the reason for the language ways of expressing a particular meaning should be sought in the determinant of language types. The Russian language is an inflectional language, the Turkish language is included in the group of agglutinative languages. Different ways of expressing the meaning of the passive are rooted in a different grammatical principle: Russian speakers have a set of pre-prepared ways of expression, while Turkish speakers have a set of separate morphemes, from which they form a word form at the moment of speaking.
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Guskova, Antonina P. "Expression of voice relation in the languages of different structure: is there a category of voice in Hungarian?" Finno-Ugric World 14, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.01.33-43.
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Introduction. This article is a development of an earlier study on the grammatical categories of the verb in Hungarian in comparison with Russian. The subject of study in this work is the grammatical category of voice, one of the most common verbal categories, typical for Russian verbs and absent in the Hungarian language, as well as the ways of its transmission when translated into Hungarian. The purpose of this work is to analyze the grammatical forms of the Hungarian and Russian verbs expressing voice relations and to establish the corresponding equivalents of the category of voice in Russian in the Hungarian language. Materials and Methods. The research material is verbal vocabulary selected from lexicographic works (dictionaries of the Hungarian and Russian languages), linguistic and journalistic sources, grammars of the Hungarian language. The article considers both the written form of the modern Hungarian language and examples from live colloquial speech. The methodological framework of this study is based on researches on general linguistics, the theory of morphology, contributing to the formulation of the problem, determining the degree of its development in the research literature, as well as familiarizing with the conceptual approaches to the voice as an ambiguously interpreted grammatical category of the verb. The methods used in the study are comparative-typological, synchronous-descriptive and functional-semantic methods. Results and Discussion. In the course of study it revealed how inflectional and derivational means helping to express the grammatical semantics of the category of voice in Russian can adequately convey the categorical meaning in the Hungarian language, in which the category of voice is absent. The comparative study of two languages helps to identify the features inherent in each of them, which generally contributes to solving the problems associated with the practice of their teaching. The results of the work based on the data of the ongoing research may be useful in the analysis of other grammatical categories on the material of various languages. Conclusion. Despite the fact that verbs in the Hungarian language do not have a passive voice, the means and forms of its expression are represented in it by a developed and diverse system. The study allows making a step forward in understanding the typological specifics of the voice category and make a certain contribution to the general theory of this phenomenon, since it was the first study of the verb forms of two heterogeneous, genetically unrelated languages based on a comparative analysis in grammatical, semantic and functional aspects.
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Dagnev, Ivaylo, Mariya Saykova, and Maya Yaneva. "DISCOURSE AND LINGUISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RMA INTRODUCTION SECTIONS – A BULGARIAN-ENGLISH COMPARATIVE STUDY." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31061697d.
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The article seeks to explore the discourse and linguistic means through which the Introduction section of Research Medical Articles (RMA) achieve their goals. For that purpose, we have analyzed 207 original RMA in Bulgarian and 129 in English. The articles have been excerpted from prestigious Bulgarian and high-ranking impact factor English language journals. Four major rhetorical moves have been found to guide the discourse flow in the Introduction sections in both corpora – Bulgarian Corps (BC) and English-language Corps (EC). These are: Move 1 - Introducing the general topic; Move 2: Move 2 – Transition to specific topic; Move 3: Move 3 – Identifying a gap and Move 4 – Aim of research. In connection with the realization of the rhetorical objectives of the Introduction section, basic lexical means have been identified and presented. We used the concept metaterm introduced by Mavrodieva and Tisheva (Mavrodieva and Tisheva 2014). We divided the metaterms into general and specific. It has been proven that a certain type of polysemous nouns are of particular importance in the medical context and can therefore be considered as specific metaterms. In both corpora, a number of variable and unchangeable parts of speech have been discovered that are typical of the RMA. Essential to the cohesion and coherence of texts are the so-called high-frequency words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, adverbs, collocations and colligations. Regarding Tense and Voice, it has been pointed out that in line with the tradition of the Bulgarian scientific discourse community, the main tense is the so-called Generalized Present Tense (Uslozhneno segashno vreme), whereas in the English-language Corps these are Present Simple and Present Perfect. As for Voice, the BC articles make use mostly of Active Voice, while Passive Voice is used to refer to problems in focus and with impersonal constructions. A peculiar feature of scientific texts in Bulgarian is the use of reflexive verbs with the particle se. The specificity of the sentence structure in the Introduction includes the so-called in Bulgarian linguistics “complicated simple sentences”, including many pre and post modifiers, heavy complementation, as well as compound and complex sentences. Some of the most important discursive elements of this section of RMA are also analyzed. The comparison is direct between the two corpora, and the elements under scrutiny cover such aspects of discourse as hedging and, discourse markers (DM). With regard to the first element, hedging, from a theoretical point of view, it is important to emphasize that hedge structures are a form of the author's Ethos and identity, its degree of presence in the text. We have noted the role of DM as linking devices in the text, marking the boundaries of Steps and Moves in the RMA and indicating a change in the information flow and in the authors’ stance.
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Kharakoz, Hаnna. "On the genre and performance peculiarities of J. S. Bach’s choral fugue (on the example of comparative analysis of BWV 131 and BWV 131a)." Aspects of Historical Musicology 21, no. 21 (March 10, 2020): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-21.11.
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Background. Despite the vast musical material associated with the embodiment in the choral texture of the highest polyphonic form – the fugue, there is lack of the literature that would outline the specificity of this arrangement, its fundamental principles. Many researchers have addressed choral polyphony on the material of the works of various composers. However, the problem of identifying the specificity of the choral fugue hasn’t been highlighted yet as a major issue in domestic musicology. Among the most recent works, which include the consideration of the issue of choral fugue, we should mention the capital study by N. Simakova (2007). The author offers a classification of choral fugue, depending on the accompaniment presence or absence. N. Simakova points out the importance of the timbre content of the theme for emphasizing the figurative content of the words, since the most striking in the process of the deployment of the fugue is the register-timbre modus, and the timbre coloring of soprano, alto, tenor and bass gives a relief figurative representation. Objectives. The article’s subject is to reveal genre and performance peculiarities of the choral fugue “Und er wird Israel” from the cantata BWV 131 by Johann Sebastian Bach. The comparative analysis of two editions of the cantata – choral and instrumental (organ fugue BWV 131a) – reveals the determinants of the choral fugue connected with the peculiarities of its performance. Methods. The study is based on systematic-analytical, comparative and semantic musicological approaches. Results. Two factors play a particularly important role in a choral fugue – the verbal text and the timbre coloring of the voices. This way, both themes of the fugue sound vivid and recognizable even to the unaccustomed listener, since they have different text assigned to the theme and each theme is placed in the voice that corresponds to it tonally. The first theme – light and full of hope – is assigned to the timbral voice that corresponds to it, such as the soprano, while the second theme is assigned to the timbral rich, “heavy” bass part. In any section of the cantata fugue, unlike in the organ version, the themes will be well recognizable thanks to the verbal text and the timbre coloring of the various voices, whereas the timbre of the organ, in comparison with the sound of the choral parts, is monolithic, and the sound “attack” is viscous, leading to a lack of separation in the melodic line. Thus, the presence of a verbal text, fixed to a particular theme (or part of it) and the timbral dramaturgy determine particularly the specificity of the choral fugue. However, the potential of the human voice is known to be limited by its tessitura depending the physical capabilities , which in turn affects the structure of the theme and the form in general. For the two-voice fugue theme, in which the author seeks to emphasize contrast, the timbre and tessitura peculiarities is the most convenient solution. It is important to compare the musical material of the two versions, to search for the differences and their causes, which are connected with the possibilities of the instrumental presentation of the fugue. So, in order to adapt it for twohand performance, in the organ work we occasionally observe simplification, “removal”, of the texture, as well as the addition of the musical text in order to “outplay” with the different functions using the manual keyboards and the pedal on the organ. An important feature of the choral fugue is the orchestra presence, its peculiar instrumental double, which gives it a special stability. As a rule, this or that instrument is attached to a particular timbre that is associated with specific parts of the chorus. In most cases, the orchestral part in a given cantata duplicates all of the theme material in the chorus. The orchestra also provides a solid harmonic foundation for the choral parts, especially where tonality could be interpreted in two ways. The alto part plays a passive role throughout the entire fugue, and a thematic lead is assigned to it only twice, and this is not accidental, since the alto part is “hidden” within the texture, and for a varied two-theme fugue, the comparison of different themes and their registers becomes important in the first place. In the cantata, the fugue is the culmination, the emotional climax of the entire cycle, it sounds rich and dense, and the bright timbre richness of the orchestra complements the general majestic character of the sound. In the organ fugue, however, it is vice versa: here one can sense the borders of the sections of the generally accepted fugue form much more clearly, and simplicity and elegance predominate. The presence of episodic moments of the redistribution of the thematic material in one part between two different voices (belonging to one voice in the original choral source) testifies to the secondary nature of the timbre factor in the instrumental fugue; the main thing here is the presence of the thematic voice-conducting itself. Therefore, in the clavier (organ) arrangement, one theme can be observed in different voices. All these examples make it possible to consider the choral fugue as a unique, independent form enriched with its own specific features. Conclusions. Despite the abundance of literature devoted to the fugue theory in general, the phenomenon of the choral fugue has so far received insufficient research attention. In order to understand the nature of the choral fugue, it is necessary to consider the influence that such specifically “choral” factors as timbre, register, tessitura, verbal text, ensemble, and others have on its structure. The comparative analysis of the musical scores of “Und er wird Israel” from Bach’s cantata BWV 131 and the organ fugue BWV 131a revealed differences between the choral primary source and its organ version, which makes it possible to consider them as factors contributing to a better understanding of the choral fugue peculiarities.
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Bawej, Izabela. "Rozumowanie dedukcyjne w procesie uczenia się języka niemieckiego jako drugiego języka obcego na przykładzie podsystemu gramatycznego." Neofilolog, no. 58/1 (April 27, 2022): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2022.58.1.6.
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The role of the first foreign language in second foreign language learning is an interesting research question.
The main purpose of the research was to relate if and how the learners make deductions about German grammar based on English language skills. Therefore, this study presents the results of a survey conducted among students of Applied Linguistics who learn German after English. Participants were interviewed to state their opinion about the usefulness of English in learning German structures. The results of this inquiry allow the conclusions that learners use and transfer the previously acquired knowledge and information from what they have in first foreign language in order to understand, learn or form structures in the second foreign language. They compare both languages, look for similarities in the creation of the construction and the application of the structures or constructions, conclude by analogies between English and German in grammatical subsystem. In this way they deduce that English makes possible and facilitates to memorize grammatical forms while learning German, e.g. passive voice, articles, tenses, irregular verbs, comparative and superlative adjectives.
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Fitriani, Somariah. "The Student Nurses' Written Works of Health Science Institute: Error Analysis in Syntactical and Morphological Category." Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/humaniora.v19i1.5356.
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The research aims to examine and analyze student nurses’ written works in term of syntax and morphology category. Twenty-six students of the third semester took an English presentation course, which focused on medical cases. The results have revealed that 186 error identifications were found consisting of 132 syntactical errors and 54 morphological errors. The students make errors in the types of article, preposition, parallel structure, the use of be, passive voice, word order, tenses, infinitive to, modal auxiliary and subject determiner in syntactical category. While in morphological error, they make errors in the plural form, subject verb agreement, comparative adjective and word form. Word order is as the most common language error in syntax category with 36 total errors or 19.35% out of 186. The second one is preposition with 26 total errors or 13.97%. While in morphology category, subject verb agreement is the most common one with 29 total errors or 15.59%. The second common one is word form with 13 total errors or 6.98%. It can be concluded that there are 132 (70.96%) of error identification in syntactical category and 54 error identifications or 29.04% in morphological category. In addition to its error identification in syntactical and morphological features, the research has found that the causes of students’ errors are due to intralanguage and interlanguage errors as it has some slightly differences between Bahasa Indonesia and English in term of grammatical structure.
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Wood, Margaret. "A lexico-grammatical comparison of statutory law and popular written language." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2022): 16–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.2.03.
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While the plain language movement has shed light on the lack of readability of statutory texts for the lay person, there has been a lack of empirical methodology employed to determine the ways in which statutory language differs lexico-grammatically from forms of popular language that are familiar to the lay person. With this in mind, the present study conducts a comparative analysis of statutory language and other forms of popular written language (i.e., a corpus of news reports, sports reports, encyclopedia articles, and historical articles) with two goals: 1) to provide a detailed lexico-grammatical description of statutory law independent from other forms of legal writing, and 2) to identify pervasive lexico-grammatical features of statutory language that the lay person has relatively less exposure to in comparison to other written registers. Following a bottom-up selection of lexico-grammatical features for analysis, a key feature analysis is used to identify linguistic features that are more pervasive in statutory law relative to other forms of popular written language as measured through Cohen’s d effect sizes. Results reveal the pervasive use of the passive voice, prepositions, a variety of coordinating conjunctions, the pied-piping wh-relative clause construction, and non-finite -ing and -ed clause constructions in statutory language. These results complement previous research regarding the features that are characteristic of statutory language and help to identify features that potentially contribute to the lack of readability of statutory law.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative and general Passive voice"
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Allan, Stu. "Passive be damned : the construction that wouldn't be beaten : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2265.
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This thesis brings together two different lines of research, the nature of passive voice, the nature of readability. Commonly, languages have a range of tools for detransitivisation, topicalisation, and impersonalisation, of which passivisation is one (Givón, 1981). Passives have important roles in our language, and prescribing against their use lacks a full understanding of these roles. Much of the concern around passives from writers, editors, and teachers is no more than folklore that has not clearly analysed various writing and reading problems. Many awkward sentences are not awkward because they use passives but because they are wordy, clumsy, or pretentious. Most criticisms have little basis in linguistic theory, and rarely is there more than passing mention of the important role that passives play in communication.
Some uses of passives are inappropriate, being vague, ambiguous, or even deceitful. These inappropriate uses of passive voice give the construction a bad name. They have become ammunition for prescriptive grammarians to fire at all uses of passives, often with weak analysis and minimal reference to linguistic theory. ‘Avoid passives’ has become a mantra.
I tentatively suggest that there is unlikely to be a cost to processing passives. Given the speed at which the brain processes clauses, any differences in readability (if they exist) must be miniscule. Consequently, I suggest that any differences are unimportant relative to the benefits that appropriately used passives bring to readability. Furthermore, appropriately used passives may actually improve readability, especially when there is greater interest in the passive subject than the active subject, and when the passive serves to connect clauses or sentences.
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鄭美儀 and Mei-yee Mickey Cheng. "The influence of L1 on the acquisition of English passives among Hong Kong secondary school students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40735217.
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Ding, Dan Xiong Rutter Russell. "Historical and social contexts for scientific writing and use of passive voice toward an undergraduate science literacy course /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9835902.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1998.Title from title page screen, viewed July 3, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Russell K. Rutter (chair), James R. Kalmbach, Dana K. Harrington. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-248) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Miyashita, Mizuki. "Less Stress, Less Pressure, Less Voice." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227291.
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In this paper, I provide an analysis of Tohono O'odham vowel devoicing with respect to physiological explanation. There are three points in this paper. First, this paper provides data of devoicing (consonants and vowels) in Tohono O'odham. Second, analysis of devoicing in terms of subglottal pressure drop is provided. Third, the devoicing is accounted for within the framework of OT (McCarthy and Prince 1993, Prince and Smolensky 1993). The organization of the paper is as follows. In section 2, the background of the language including both voiced and voiceless vowels is described. In section 3, the data of Tohono O'odham words with voiceless vowels are provided. Then the distribution of devoiced segments is discussed. In section 4, an analysis of devoicing with respect to subglottal pressure drop is presented with schematic diagrams. Then an OT account utilizing phonetic constraints is presented.
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Ohno, Sachiko. "Synchronically Unified Ranking and Distribution of Voice in Japanese." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227247.
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It is well known that there are four classes of Japanese vocabulary with respect to its origin; Yamato vocabulary consists of native morphemes, Sino- Japanese consists of borrowed morphemes from Chinese, Foreign is a loanword from a language other than Chinese, and Mimetic describes sounds or manners. Each of these classes has different phonological properties.1 There are three phenomena with respect to the distribution of voice in Japanese. One of them is that post-nasal obstruents in Yamato vocabulary and Mimetic are mostly voiced while those in Sino-Japanese and Foreign are not. I will mainly focus on this property in this paper. However, I will also discuss the other phenomena, namely the compound voicing alternation (Rendaku) and the restriction of voiced sounds in a morpheme (Lyman's Law). These phenomena typically occur with Yamato vocabulary only. Although the domain of each phenomenon largely overlaps with a certain class of lexical origin, they do not match completely with each other. The purpose of this paper is to account for the distribution of voice in Japanese by establishing a constraint ranking that covers Japanese vocabulary of any origin. The organization of the paper is as follows. In section 2, I will present data and four problems to be solved. General tendency of Yamato vocabulary are summarized in 2.1, and many exceptions to the generalization are presented in 2.2. In section 3, I will give an analysis using a unified ranking rather than different rankings depending on origins of the vocabulary. In section 4, I will present two pieces of evidence --- historical and acquisional---to support my claim that Japanese has only one ranking.
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Lindhagen, Emma. "Passifying the Passive : A contrastive study of the use of the passive in Naguib Mahfouz’s al-Ṯulāṯiyya and its Swedish translation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139736.
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Modrea, Andreea. "Ideology, subversion and the translator's voice: A comparative analysis of the French and English translations of Guillermo Cabrera Infante's Tres Tristes Tigres." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26718.
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For the past twenty years, there has been a growing trend in translation studies to follow a deconstructionist philosophy and give translators authorship of their work. Translation, in this sense, is no longer a target language equivalence of an 'original' text by an author, but rather a creative process of 're-writing.' In this regard, translators have the possibility of showing their own voice in the translation.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether either of the French or English translators (Albert Bensoussan and Suzanne Jill Levine, respectively) of the Cuban novel Tres Tristes Tigres (Barcelona: 1967) intervened in the text to show their own voices; and in Levine's case, whether this intervention corresponded to a declared ideology of 'subversion.'
A systematic analysis of the wordplay in Chapters 16, 17 and 18 of the two translations reveal significant differences. Whereas the French translation has only minor adjustments, the English translation shows a large number of alterations to existing source text wordplay as well as additional instances of wordplay. In the final tally, there are almost twice as many instances of wordplay in Levine's English translation than in the Spanish source text.
From the results of the analysis and from Levine's own self-portrayal in her book The Subversive Scribe (St. Paul: 1991), it would appear that her extensive intervention in the text is ideologically motivated. However, closer examination of circumstances surrounding the actual translation process reveals that the author, Guillermo Cabrera Infante, greatly influenced the final 're-writing.' Therefore, Levine's translation was not so much subversion as it was a sub-version of the original.
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Toyota, Junichi. "Diachronic change in the English passive /." Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9780230553453.
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Axelsson, Magnus. "Passive and Active Romantic Heroines and their Patriarchs : A Comparative Feminist Study of Gender Portrayal with a Focus on Romantic Love in Jane Eyre and Bridget Jones’s Diary." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30485.
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Katz, Yael. "Configuring crisis : writing, madness, and the middle voice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56569.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Comparative and general Passive voice"
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Masayoshi, Shibatani, ed. Passive and voice. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1988.
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Andersen, Paul Kent. A new look at the passive. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1991.
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Studies of passive clauses. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986.
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Deconstructing the English passive. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009.
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Diachronic change in the English passive. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
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Kasus und Passivierung. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1997.
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Sansò, Andrea. Degrees of event elaboration: Passive construction in Italian and Spanish. Milano: F. Angeli, 2003.
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Zlatka, Guentchéva, and Shaumyan Sebastian, eds. Theoretical aspects of passivization in the framework of applicative grammar. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1985.
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Roberts, Ian G. The representation of implict and dethematized subjects. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Foris Publications, 1987.
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Vanhala-Aniszewski, Marjatta. Funkt︠s︡ii passiva v russkom i finskom i︠a︡zykakh. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Comparative and general Passive voice"
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Bergh, Johannes, and Jo Saglie. "Passive innmeldte: Om hjemmesitterne ved sametingsvalg." In Sametingsvalg: Tilhørighet, deltakelse, partipolitikk, 165–79. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.137.ch6.
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The 2017 Sámi parliamentary elections saw an increase in turnout (measured in percent) for the first time since 2005. Although voter registration had increased, the number of votes increased even more. However, considering that one must register in the electoral roll to vote, 30 percent non-voters is a significant proportion. In this chapter, we use the voter survey to describe the non-voters. Regarding institutional factors, the analyses confirm the findings in Owren’s chapter: Although most of the electorate did not find it difficult to vote in the Sámi parliamentary elections, the exception was non-voters living in municipalities where only advance voting is allowed. Regarding individual factors, political resources matter. People with less education were especially overrepresented among the non-voters. Motivation is also important, and the non-voters were naturally less interested in politics in general and Sámi politics in particular. Those who joined the electoral roll to influence Sámi politics were seldom non-voters. On the other hand, those who signed up to express their Sámi identity were almost equally represented among the voters and non-voters. Although an instrumental motive for registration leads to high turnout, an expressive motive does not hinder electoral participation. We also find that non-voters to a lesser extent felt that their voice mattered or that there were political alternatives that represented their views. On the other hand, voters and non-voters did not differ substantially regarding perceived political differences between the parties and lists.
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Hahn, Judith. "Idiosyncrasies of Legal Language." In The Language of Canon Law, 59—C3N89. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197674246.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter sums up the characteristics of legal language, specific grammatical and terminological features that give the language of the law in general and the language of canon law in particular its specific sound. These features often include the use of a challenging syntax, an excessive use of the passive voice, and an alien terminology, including technical terms, terms in foreign languages, and neologisms. With regard to the terminology of the law, the chapter addresses the use of common terms as legal terms and the development of a specialist legal language based on common language. A critical issue in legal terminology is the use of indeterminate terms, allowing for some flexibility in legal application but undermining legal certainty and the rule of law. Canon law makes wide use of indeterminate terms (“grave necessity”, “just cause”). This poses a particular problem for legal certainty in church.
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Sanchez-Iborra, Ramon, Maria-Dolores Cano, Salvador Moreno-Urrea, and Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues. "QoE Measurements and Analysis for VoIP Services." In Advances in Multimedia and Interactive Technologies, 285–308. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8850-6.ch009.
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Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) are two different approaches that evaluate the quality level of a given service. In general, QoS models analyze objective network parameters, while QoE techniques focus on what the user actually perceives when consuming the service (subjective perspective). In this chapter, it is presented a comparative study of two voice codecs employed by two well-known VoIP applications, namely Skype and Jitsi, analyzing the provided quality from two perspectives: objective and subjective evaluations. To this end, several network metrics have been taken into account; in addition, the participants in this study completed different quality surveys in order to obtain their opinion about the evaluated services. Concretely, 60 quality tests with 60 subjects have been performed in a controlled wired scenario. The obtained results suggest a clear relationship between QoS and QoE. This chapter aims to present a detailed description about the process to perform comparative quality evaluations of multimedia services from both QoS and QoE perspectives.
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Huber, Evelyne, Claire Dunn, and John D. Stephens. "Social Investment and Neoliberal Legacies in Latin America." In The World Politics of Social Investment: Volume I, 377–403. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197585245.003.0013.
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This chapter argues that Latin American governments have expanded social investment policies but that one cannot really speak of a turn to social investment and away from the passive welfare state as the need to expand the net of social protection to the large sectors that previously were excluded has remained strong. To the extent that social investment has been adopted, it has been with the aim to create human capital and reduce vast inequality of opportunity. The emphasis has been on education and healthcare, linked to efforts at poverty reduction. The authors analyze the main protagonists of these reforms; the institutional structures that shaped them, particularly policy legacies and presidential partisan control over legislatures; and the power of antagonists of inclusive reforms. In addition to documenting general trends, they provide a number of brief comparative analyses of different reforms.
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Drozdov, Konstantin S. "The Ukrainization and Belarusization of Schools in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in the 1920s and Early 1930s: A Comparative Historical Analysis." In The “native word”: The Belarusian and Ukrainian languages at School (Essays on the history of mass education from the mid-nineteenth century to the middle of the twentieth), 357–85. Nestor-Istoriia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/4469-2043-3.15.
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This essay examines the process of national-cultural construction among the Ukrainians and Belarusians of Russia, analyzes the goals, methods, and results of the policy of Ukrainization/ Belarusization of schools and cultural and educational institutions in the territory of the RSFSR. A comparative-historical analysis of two variants of the Soviet policy of korenization is presented. Against the background of a comparison of Ukrainization and Belarusization in the RSFSR, the general patterns and distinctive features that were inherent in the Soviet national and language policy in its regional dimension are revealed. As shown in the essay, very often the conversion of schools into Ukrainian/Belarusian met with resistance from the local population itself. The national literary language was not familiar to them and was often perceived as alien and incomprehensible. There was a situation in which the language that was not used in everyday life was studied in schools, since Russian was used in all state and public institutions. At the same time, all the main social groups of the Ukrainian and Belarusian population of the RSFSR were fluent in Russian. Therefore, measures for the Ukrainization/Belarusization of schools met with deaf resistance, and at best with an indifferent and passive attitude on the part of local Ukrainians and Belarusians. This contradiction accompanied the policy of Ukrainization/Belarusization at all stages of implementation and ultimately affected its effectiveness and efficiency.
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Hoffmann, Roald. "Under the Surface of the Chemical Article." In Roald Hoffmann on the Philosophy, Art, and Science of Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199755905.003.0018.
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You open an issue of a modem chemical periodical, say the important German Angewandte Chemie or the Journal of the American Chemical Society, and what do you see? Riches upon riches: reports of new discoveries, marvelous molecules, unmakeable, unthinkable yesterday—made today, reproducibly, with ease. The chemist reads of the incredible properties of novel high-temperature superconductors, organic ferromagnets, and supercritical solvents. New techniques of measurement, quickly equipped with acronyms—EXAFS, INEPT, COCONOESY—allow you to puzzle out more expeditiously the structure of what you make. Information just flows. No matter if it’s in German, if it’s in English. It’s chemistry—communicated, exciting, alive. Let’s, however, take another perspective. To the pages of the same journal turns a humanist, a perceptive, intelligent observer who has grappled with Shakespeare, Pushkin, Joyce, and Paul Celan. I have in mind a person who is interested in what is being written, and also in how and why it is written. My observer notes in the journal short articles, a page to ten pages in length. She notes an abundance of references, trappings familiar to literary scholars, but perhaps in greater density (number of references per line of text) than in scholarly texts in the humanities. She sees a large proportion of the printed page devoted to drawings. Often these seem to be pictures of molecules, yet they are curiously iconic, lacking complete atom designations. The chemist’s representations are not isometric projections, nor real perspective drawings, yet they are partially three-dimensional. My curious observer reads the text, perhaps defocusing from the jargon, perhaps penetrating it with the help of a chemist friend. She notes a ritual form. The first sentences often begin: “The structure, bonding and spectroscopy of molecules of type X have been subjects of intense interest.a-z” There is general use of the third person and a passive voice. She finds few overtly expressed personal motivations, and few accounts of historical development. Here and there in the neutered language she glimpses stated claims of achievement or priority—“a novel metabolite,” “the first synthesis,” “a general strategy,” “parameter-free calculations.”
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Pakhomova, Tetyana, and Olga Piddubtseva. "SCIENTIFIC-METHODICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF READINESS FOR GERMAN-LANGUAGE PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED COMMUNICATION OF FUTURE AGRICULTURISTS." In European vector of development of the modern scientific researches. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-077-3-15.
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Active European integration processes in the state, education and business determine relevance of the study. They pay special attention to the discipline «Foreign language for specific purposes» in the training of agricultural specialists. The purpose of this study is to consider the scientific and methodical aspects of formation of readiness for German-language professionally oriented communication among future agriculturists. Theoretical (analysis, systematization, generalization, modeling) and empirical methods were used to achieve this goal. They allowed to analyze the latest scientific research in the field of foreign language training, problems of readiness for foreign language communication, features of foreign language professionally oriented communication of agro-industrial enterprises` specialists. The analysis of the professional requirements for future farmers, scientific approaches to interpretation of the concept «readiness», modern concepts of foreign language teaching methods gave grounds to specify the concept of readiness for German-speaking professionally oriented communication of agriculturists, which is seen as the competence to use acquired knowledge, ability and skills for successful German-speaking professionally oriented communication. Analysis of the national experience of foreign language training of agricultural sector specialists shows that the main purpose of foreign languages studying in higher educational establishments is the training a specialist who can use the German language as a tool of professional activity and professional knowledge. In order to achieve this goal it is necessary to develop the linguistic, social-cultural, educational and professional components of German-speaking professionally oriented communicative competence. Communication is an integral part of the professional activities of specialists. It is based on general social and psychological patterns and focuses on the successful and effective implementation of professional duties, and includes the exchange of proposals, requirements, views, motives to solve specific problems, sign agreements or establish other relations between the subjects of joint activities. German-language professionally oriented communication has its linguistic features, namely: lexical (terms, scientific and technical phraseology, professionalism, jargon, abbreviations and acronyms), grammatical (nominal style, modal verbs, passive voice, sentence length) and stylistic (metaphor, comparison and epithets). According to the fundamental bases of foreign language training the model of formation of readiness for German-language professionally oriented communication among future agriculturists is proposed, based on the peculiarities of teaching foreign languages in agricultural universities and the specificity of professionally oriented communication of specialists in the agricultural sector. It consists of the following blocks: motivational-target, theoretical-methodological, content-technological and productive-estimated. The effectiveness of the model depends on such factors as: the organization of the appropriate language environment, modeling of professional situations in the classroom and increase motivation for professionally oriented communication. The results of the study are to determine the place of formation of readiness for foreign language communication in the professional education of future farmers, to determine the linguistic features of German-language communication of agronomists, to substantiate the organizational and pedagogical conditions of German-language training and create an appropriate model. The formation of readiness for professionally oriented communication in a foreign language is a systematic, long-term process that involves the development of traditional professional ideas, professional thinking and professional behavior.
Conference papers on the topic "Comparative and general Passive voice"
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Fu, Yaru, Jun Geng, Dawei Sun, Qiliang Mei, Gaofeng Huang, and Nan Pan. "Research on Method and Characteristics of Aerosol Natural Removal in Containment After Accidents." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66558.
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For passive nuclear power plants, the radioactive aerosols in containment are removed by natural processes after accidents. These processes have high reliability. However, it is very complicated to analyze the behaviors of aerosols in natural processes. The dominant processes include coagulation, sedimentation, diffusionphoresis, and themophoresis. The main work of this paper is summarized as follows: (1) To determine methods of analysis radioactive aerosol natural removal coefficient in containment. (2) To complete comparative analysis natural removal processes to AP1000 and CAP1400 after LOCA. (3) A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is carried out for a number of parameters, including containment free volume, sedimentation area, aerosol size, packing fraction, mass ratio of radioactive and nonradioactive aerosol, and steam condensation rate etc, (4) To complete comparative analysis of natural removal processes between core meltdown and non-meltdown accident sequence after LOCA. The results show that, (1) Removal coefficient by sedimentation of CAP1400 is larger than AP1000, removal coefficient by diffusionphoresis and themophoresis of CAP1400 also smaller than AP1000. (2) In general, the greater the containment free containment, the smaller the aerosol natural removal coefficient, and the greater aerosol size, the more the amount of aerosol removed by sedimentation, in the case of other parameters unchanged. (3) The removal coefficients have few differences after core meltdown and non-meltdown accidents.