Journal articles on the topic 'Comparative and general Indirect discourse'
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1
Sushkova, Aigul R. "SCIENTIFIC HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSE IN THE RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: INTERTEXTUAL MARKERS ANALYSIS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-3-327-340.
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Background. Any new humanitarian research is based on a solid theoretical basis, which should be reflected in the work of the researcher. Intertextuality as a peculiar principle of scientific discourse, expressed simultaneously at the level of content and in terms of expression, is a special way of building new knowledge based on other people’s knowledge and empirical experience. Conducting a comparative study on intertextual markers of humanitarian discourse in Russian and English will reveal their common and specific features.
Purpose. In this paper, the author conducts a comparative analysis of intertextual markers of scientific humanitarian discourse in Russian and English.
Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods, i.e., generalization and analysis as well as descriptive method, mathematical and statistical method, continuous sampling method.
Results. As a result of the research, the authors identify explicit markers of intertextuality inherent in scientific humanitarian discourse in Russian and English, among which background references, indirect speech and quotations are the most popular. During the quantitative calculation of the studied data, the authors revealed that the percentage ratio of various intertextual markers within one language differs. Thus, it was revealed that in the English-language discourse, most of the intertextual markers are formed by background links, while in the Russian-language discourse, this number was made up of background links together with indirect speech. The authors summarize that the background references used in the scientific humanitarian discourse of the two languages under study help preserve the originality of the study as well as reflect the theoretical support of the researcher.
Practical implications. The data obtained in the course of the conducted research can contribute to the development of functional stylistics and comparative linguistics, it can also be used by researchers of scientific humanitarian discourse, as well as for the purposes of teaching “Academic writing”.
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Serafim, Monielly. "The role of reported speech in the evaluation of arguments from expert opinion." Revista Eletrônica de Estudos Integrados em Discurso e Argumentação 22, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47369/eidea-22-3-3532.
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This paper discusses how grammatical aspects of direct and indirect speech affect the evaluation of the argument from expert opinion. Direct speech is often characterized by having two different discourse acts and, consequently, two deictic centres; and indirect speech is regarded as one discourse act with one deictic centre. These grammatical structures have different pragmatic effects, mainly because in direct speech, the reported content is assumed to be faithful in form and content. In contrast, in indirect speech, the current speaker embeds the reported content in their speech. Considering these features, this work provides a comparative analysis of the types of reported speech and their relation to Wagemans’ (2011) argument scheme and critical questions and offers modifications in the existing argument schemes to allow a more precise evaluation of arguments.
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Abidi, Abdelfattah. "A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of American Native Speakers of English and Moroccan EFL University Students’ Production of the Speech Act of Request." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v4i1.867.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the production of request strategies, request sub-strategies, and request orientations by Moroccan EFL learners (MEFLLs) and American native speakers of English (ANSE). To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted a mixed approach by collecting data through a semi-structured interview and a discourse completion test. The DCT is composed of ten situations adopted from Blum-Kulka et al.’s (1989) Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns project and modified by Khamam (2012). Thirty MEFLLs and thirty ANSE responded to the discourse completion test, while four MEFLLs and three ANSE were interviewed. Furthermore, to analyse said and unsaid requests, this study relied on Blum-Kulka et al.’s (1989) coding scheme and Marti’s (2006) model. The results showed that MEFLLs differed from ANSE in several ways. MEFLLs were more direct than ANSE, as they used direct request strategies and hearer-oriented requests more than ANSE. However, the two groups preferred the conventionally indirect request strategy to the other request strategies. Regarding request sub-strategies, the two groups frequently selected the query preparatory strategy. Nevertheless, it was chosen by ANSE more than MEFLLs.
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Arteev, S. P., D. S. Bunevich, and M. I. Sigachev. "The New Populism in New Europe: Hungarian and Polish Examples in the Scientific Discourse." Post-Soviet Issues 9, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2022-9-1-92-110.
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The article analyzes the phenomenon of new populism in Central and Eastern Europe, taking as an example such countries as Hungary and Poland. The object of research is scientific discourse, and the subject is its segment, directly or indirectly related to populism in CEE. The main problems, aspects and positions that exist in the scientific community on the topic of populism are identified. This article explores the questions of whether populists in CEE countries are bearers of the potential for alternativeism.The piece also raises the problem of the model of the world order and the possibility of projecting an Eastern European alternative development-Most attention is paid to the answers to these research questions. In addition, the article outlines possible prospects for the development of the scientific discourse of populism, including in a comparative political key.
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Pinto, Ana Sofia. "Representação do discurso outro no enquadramento teórico do género artigo científico." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 1 (2022): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/ling2022v1a6.
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The scientific article genre often uses other voices to report their speech, being one of the main parameters of this textual genre. Thus, these voices are summoned in an argumentative strategy, persuading a relevant research community to consider a given. The discourse report is the object of study of several authors (Swales 1986, Authier-Revuz 1982, 2008, Duarte 1999, 2008, 2020, Boch & Grossmann 2002, Rabatel 2012, e.o), focusing on some of these works in scientific discourse (Hyland 1999, 2002, Jorge & Luís 2018, e.o) and, within this discursive domain, in the scientific article genre (Swales 1990, Hyland 2001, Marques 2020, e.o). The main objective of this work is to analyze the representation of the other discourse in the section of the literature revision of the scientific article textual genre. In articulation with this general objective, some more specific objectives were established: a) to analyze the distribution and predominance of the strategies of representation of the other discourse and b) to verify if these strategies differ in the studied areas. To achieve these objectives, a corpus of 30 scientific articles (15 from Linguistics and 15 from Education) was constituted, whose text plan corresponds to the IMRDC structure (Swales 1990, e.o.). This investigation follows a mixed methodology that consists, in general, in the identification of the bibliographic referencing strategies and the strategies of representation of the discourse reported in the corpus. For the proposed analysis, the theoretical-methodological framework of Marques (2020) was taken as a reference, which identifies bibliographic referencing strategies and citation strategies in eight scientific articles, considering the articles in their entirety. As for the results of this investigation, we observed that the most common form of reported speech is indirect speech, both in the entire corpus and comparatively. At the level of linguistic formatting of each of the identified strategies, we verified the existence of some variety in its textualization, with consequences in the expression of different points of view of the speaker about the other speech and the fulfillment of the objectives of its call, in accordance with the results of other studies (cf., among others, Marques 2020).
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Stepanova, S. Ye. "PROFESSIONAL AND DOMESTIC: COGNITIVE INFLUENCE IN PICTURES AND ECHO PICTURES OF THE WORLD." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 29 (November 9, 2022): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2022.29.262413.
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The purpose of this research is to identify the ways and mechanisms of the influence of professional discourse on the formation and development of professional language pictures of the world, as well as the formation of echo-pictures of the world of people close to these specialists based on their language picture of the world. The object of the study is the speech of the tailor Emmanuel Solovey and his wife Rosa – the main characters of Vera Inber’s story “Solovey and Rosa”; Olga Plemyannikova and men close to her of various professions – characters in Anton Chekhov’s story “Sweetheart”; a young novice doctor from Mikhail Bulgakov’s autobiographical story “Towel with a rooster”. The result of our observations allows us to draw a number of conclusions. Professional pictures of the world develop with the improvement of the skills of their carriers and have a direct influence on the formation of language pictures of the world of specialists in a certain field of knowledge or craft, and indirect influence through professional echo pictures of the world and language pictures of the world of people who surround these specialists: family members, friends. These influences are reflected in the speech of specialists and family members, other people close to them in various language means. Most often, such influences are evidenced by group or individual comparative turns, idioms, metaphors, metonymies, synonyms, antonyms, personifications that reflect the professional knowledge and skills of the speaker, as well as his family members and close friends.
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Безукладникова, София Сергеевна. "ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS AS A SPEECH GENRE OF ENGINEERING AND DIDACTIC DISCOURSE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 6(224) (November 18, 2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2022-6-97-107.
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Введение. В статье предпринята попытка определить специфику жанра «инструкция по сборке», объединяющего инженерную и дидактическую составляющую. Его цель – регламентировать работу преподавателей-инженеров на занятиях с разновозрастными учащимися. Ранее тексты этого жанра не выступали предметом научного исследования, несмотря на то что инструкция как жанр описана в рамках IT-дискурса, педагогического дискурса, поучающего, инженерного. Однако впервые инструкция по сборке выступает предметом исследования в инженерно-дидактическом дискурсе. Материал и методы. Выборка текстов жанра «инструкция по сборке» осуществлена на базе методических материалов международной школы инженерии и робототехники «Школа цифровых технологий» в количестве 25 документов, описывающих процесс сборки конструкций в рамках программы по инженерной робототехнике для разных возрастов учащихся (средний объем каждого документа – 15 страниц, всего около 375 страниц текста). В качестве основной методологической модели используется модель речевого жанра Т. В. Шмелевой. Методы анализа: текстологический, количественный, сопоставительный анализ для выявления признаков гибридизации жанра. Результаты и обсуждение. В работе исследован жанр «инструкция по сборке» по семи жанрообразующим признакам: описаны средства выражения информационной и императивной коммуникативной цели через номинацию документов, заголовки, список необходимых материалов для сборки конструкции и основной текст; выделены средства описания имплицитного образа автора, такие как использование профессиональной лексики и трансляция позиции «старшинства»; перечислены языковые маркеры прямого и косвенного адресата, включающие прямые номинации и деминутивы; приведены способы описания диктума в алгоритме сборки конструкций; сформулированы подходы к созданию образа прошлого и будущего через императивные конструкции и модальные предикаты; описаны средства организации композиции текстов и влияние композиционной неустойчивости на объем элементов из дидактического и инженерного дискурса; выделены специфические формы языкового воплощения, включая дискурсивные формулы. Отдельно для каждого признака описаны средства языкового выражения гибридности жанра. Заключение. Показаны основные и специфические черты жанра «инструкция по сборке» инженерно-дидактического дискурса, такие как мягкая императивная позиция автора, использование слов категории состояния и глаголов 1-го лица множественного числа в значении совместности и ряд других. Introduction. The article attempts to determine the specifics of the “Assembly Instructions” genre, which combines engineering and didactic components. Its purpose is to regulate the work of engineering teachers in the classroom with students of different ages. Previously, the texts of this genre were not the subject of scientific research, despite the fact that the instruction as a genre is described within the framework of IT-discourse, pedagogical discourse, teaching, engineering. However, for the first time, assembly instructions are the subject of research in engineering and didactic discourse. Material and methods. The selection of texts of the “Assembly instructions” genre was carried out on the basis of methodological materials of the international school of engineering and robotics “School of Digital Technologies” in the amount of 25 documents describing the process of assembling structures within the framework of the engineering robotics program for students of different ages (the average volume of each document is 15 pages, about 375 pages of text in total). As the main methodological model, the model of the speech genre of T. V. Shmeleva. Analysis methods: textological, quantitative, comparative analysis to identify signs of genre hybridization. Results and discussion. The paper describes the genre of “Assembly Instructions” according to seven genre-forming features: describes the means of expressing an informational and imperative communicative goal through the nomination of documents, headings, a list of necessary materials for assembling the structure and the main text; the means of describing the implicit image of the author are highlighted, such as the use of professional vocabulary and the translation of the position of “seniority”; the language markers of the direct and indirect addressee are listed, including direct nominations and deminatives; ways of describing the dictum in the algorithm for assembling structures are given; formulated approaches to creating an image of the past and future through imperative constructions and modal predicates; the means of organizing the composition of texts and the influence of compositional instability on the volume of elements from didactic and engineering discourse are described; specific forms of linguistic embodiment, including discursive formulas, are highlighted. Separately, for each feature, the means of linguistic expression of genre hybridity are described. Conclusion. The main and specific features of the “Assembly Instructions” genre of engineering and didactic discourse are shown, such as the author’s soft imperative position, the use of words in the category of state and verbs in the 1st person plural in the sense of compatibility, and a number of others.
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Hussain, Muhammad, and Akhtar Aziz. "CROSS-CULTURAL PRAGMATIC STUDY OF APOLOGY STRATEGIES IN BALOCHI WITH REFERENCE TO CHINESE LANGUAGE." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 5, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp152-169.
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Background and Purpose: Cross-cultural studies help to reduce linguistic misunderstandings. Owing to the mastery of the grammar and vocabulary of any language, speakers who may be fluent in a second language, may still be unable to produce language that is socially and culturally acceptable, thus indicates the importance of pragmatics in general and cross-cultural pragmatics in particular. The development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) creates urgency for the Baloch and the Chinese people to know each other's language and culture, as the project is located in 'Gwadar', a Baloch region, where Balochi is widely spoken. The purpose of this paper is to explore apology strategies used in the Balochi language spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan with reference to Chinese, including Baloch cultural values which influence language.
Methodology: The data were collected through Discourse Completion Test from 30 native speakers of Balochi language enrolled in various departments at International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan. On the other hand, the Chinese language data were adopted as a reference from a research study conducted by Chang (2016). The Balochi data were analyzed by employing the framework presented by Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper (1989).
Findings: The findings show that the Baloch native speakers use indirect strategies of apology, explanation strategy, and taking and denying responsibility which are similar to the Chinese language.
Contribution: The paper may help to expand the scope of cross-cultural pragmatics to non-western languages. The paper may also be significant in the teaching curricula to design comparative courses in Chinese and Balochi.
Keywords: Apology, Balochi, Chinese, cross-cultural pragmatics, strategies.
Cite as: Hussain, M., & Aziz, A. (2020). Cross-cultural pragmatic study of apology strategies in Balochi with reference to Chinese language. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 152-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp152-169
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Horiacheva, Kira, Yuliia Tytomir, and Oleh Burdiuh. "Analysis of the effectiveness of financing projects using crowdfunding." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 26 (September 29, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.26.2021.7.
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Purpose – analysis of key performance indicators (KPIs) for the success of innovative projects that try to raise funds indirectly through crowdfunding platforms. Research Methodology. The interdisciplinary method of discourse analysis and systematic approach were used in the context of this work; the comparative method allowed to determine the optimal approach to the problem. Scientific novelty. The field of financial support lacks tools to encourage market participants to provide them with ideas and projects that can be financed through crowdfunding. Conclusions. The following indicators influence the creation of a viable crowdfunding mechanism and the growth of fundraising: narrative (or previous history), a clear goal and planned duration of the project; investment in communication schemes and visualization of advertising, and third-party support (positive feedback) focus on the pledge process rather than on the financial goal; distribution of crowdfunding into structured categories. At the same time, the success of crowdfunding is not tied to the size of the reward and any location. Key words: crowdfunding; key performing factors; alternative financin
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Jourdy, Natascha. "Narrative structure of literary text: Free indirect discourse as a linguistic and narratological category." Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 35 (November 5, 2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2009.35.5.
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The paper focuses on the analysis of free indirect discourse as a modernist narrative form. We outline the basic narrative and linguistic characteristics of free indirect discourse and examine its main functions in the literary texts. We undertake a comparative analysis of three examples of free indirect discourse (drawn from the texts of G. Flaubert, F. Kafka and V. Nabokov) and display their common and distinctive features.
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Lepokhin, Eugene. "VASYL STEFANYK’S SHORT STORY «THE BABY WATCHER» AS TRANSLATED INTO GERMAN: A LINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC FACET." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 16(63) (August 26, 2022): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2022-16(63)-349-359.
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Aim. This paper examines the translation of Vasyl Stefanyk’s short story «The Baby Watcher» (1921) into German. The purpose of the paper is to analyse the target text sentences’ syntactic structure in the remit of considering the equivalent and adequate rendering of the meaning of the original. Methods. In the furtherance of this purpose, we resorted to descriptive method (we identified the units of analysis in each individual sentence or its part under consideration), contrastive method (we compared the communicative and pragmatic correspondence of the translation to semantically equivalent units of the original) and the method of intent analysis (we determined the communicative intention of the speaker in free direct and indirect discourses). Results. Proceeding from the analysis of the lexical and stylistic features of the translation done by Alla Paslavska and Tobias Vogel, we argue that it renders the content of the original with appropriate / similar means, except when stylistically neutral target language lexemes are equivalent to the dialectally marked vocabulary of the source language. Originality. The paper is the first attempt for a syntactic analysis of the short story «The Baby Watcher», focusing on the pragmatic correspondence of the texts being compared. Practical significance. The findings of the study will serve to those involved in the synchronic-comparative study of language systems, the study of the Ukrainian writer’s signature world-view for the purposes of producing fiction translation, as well as at the decision of linguistic pragmatics applied tasks.
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Filatova, Tetiana. "Academic Performing Traditions of Chilean Guitar Art." Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, no. 131 (June 30, 2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2021.131.243205.
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The relevance of the article lies in the systematization of the phenomena of the Chilean academic guitar art, the study of the national origins of the performing school, its principles, achievements, transcultural processes and their mutual influences, which led to the popularization of the instrument on the Latin American continent. The purpose of the article is to create an overview panorama of the development of the academic traditions of Chilean guitar performance, to identify trends in the formation and genealogy of successive ties between generations of soloists. The methodology includes methods of historical, systemic, as well as comparative analysis (for contextual consideration of the creative activities of famous performers, the formation of a national guitar school, the detection of successive ties between different generations of musicians, the study of the influence of the Spanish academic tradition, Latin American everyday practice of playing and the specifics of playing music on ancient guitar-like instruments of the Baroque era). Results and conclusions. The cultural and historical panorama of the formation and development of the Chilean academic guitar school of the 20th— early 21st centuries is investigated. The principles and main vectors of the pedagogical activity of its key representatives — Liliana Perez Corey, Luis Lopez, Oscar Ohlsen are characterized. A “genealogical tree” of creative contacts and successive ties between guitarists of different generations has been built. It is concluded that the academic traditions of the Chilean guitar music of the 20th century were formed in the general direction of the development of transcultural phenomena. The performing discourse developed in a complementary way: under the influence of the most famous Spanish classical guitar school that dominates the world (F. Tarrega, A. Segovia, E. Pujol); in the conditions of indirect interaction with the Latin American everyday practice of playing (Argentinean, Uruguayan, Chilean) and the experience of playing music on ancient authentic European instruments (lute, vihuela, baroque guitar). It is noted that as a result of the intensification of creative exchange in the institutional, concert, and festival spheres, at the end of the twentieth century, a representative generation of virtuosos and teachers of classical guitar arose in Chilean culture. Chilean guitarists, no matter in which of the spheres their personal interests were fixed — European old, classical-romantic, modern music or Latin American popular, folklore tradition — put forward the creativity of their compatriots and contemporaries to the leading positions. The appearance of a large number of albums of Chilean guitar music performed by J. A. Escobar, J. Contreras, M. Valdebenito, J. A. Sanchez, L. Orlandini, E. Espinoza, E. Salazar, D. Castro is evidence of close and effective cooperation between virtuosos and domestic composers.
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Rouhiainen, Tarja. "Free Indirect Discourse in the Translation into Finnish." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 12, no. 1 (September 12, 2000): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.12.1.06rou.
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Abstract Free indirect discourse (FID) is a narrative technique which purports to convey a character’s mental language while maintaining third-person reference and past tense. This paper deals with the problems the use of FID may create for Finnish translators of English literary narratives. A comparative analysis of D.H. Lawrence’s Women in Love and its translation into Finnish shows that the translator’s treatment of the pronouns he/she may shift the viewpoint from the character’s consciousness to the narrator’s discourse. The article concludes with the question of what stylistic norms could explain the translator’s avoidance of the spoken-language simulation typical of the source text.
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Tkacheva, Yulia Sergeevna. "Expression of Indirect Disagreement within Diplomatic Discourse." Filologičeskie nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki, no. 2 (February 2022): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20220066.
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Pfersmann, Otto. "Concrete Review as Indirect Constitutional Complaint in French Constitutional Law: A Comparative Perspective." European Constitutional Law Review 6, no. 2 (June 2010): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019610200044.
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1958: a priori review of parliamentary legislation to keep Parliament within its limited legislative competences – 2008: a posteriori review to protect citizens' rights and freedoms – Varieties of concrete review – Originality of the new French procedure – An indirect constitutional complaint: raised by a litigating party, transmitted by an ordinary court and decided by the Constitutional Council – Obstacle to transmission: declaration of conformity in the motives of an earlier decision by Constitutional Council – Conceptual, logical and legal reasons for a strict distinction between normative content and justificatory discourse in judgments – Setting on par of motives and operative part transforms French legal system into a specific form of common law and weakens the Rule of Law
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Wang, Qiaoying. "A Comparative Study of Gender Differences in Refusal Strategies from English Majors." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0908.24.
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Based on Geoffrey Leech's politeness principle (1975), Brown and Levinson's face saving and face threatening theory (1987), this paper is a comparative study of the gender differences in the refusal strategies employed by the English majors. The DCT (Discourse Completing Test) from Tanck Sharyl (2004) is modified in this study. The results of this study show that both male and female students of the English majors use the refusal strategies in a speech act. The differences of refusal strategies between male and female lie in the direct refusal and the indirect refusal. Most of the female students tend to use an indirect refusal politeness strategy to save the others’ face in the communication, avoiding the face threatening, while most of the male students seem to use direct refusal. The achievements of this study make some contribution to the relevant study and provide some indications to English teaching and learning in China. It is of some significance to improve the English pragmatic competence of English majors.
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Bodnaruk, E. V., and T. N. Astakhova. "Corpus Analysis of Evidential Verbs SAGEN and BEHAUPTEN in Modern German-Language Media Discourse." Nauchnyy Dialog, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-4-9-26.
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The semantic and morphological features of the evidential verbs of speech sagen (speak) and behaupten (assert), introducing statements with direct, indirect and fragmentary quotes in the German-language media discourse are discussed in the article. The study is based on the material of the Mannheim Corps of the German Language “COSMAS II”. The empirical material is the newspapers “Die Welt”, “Süddeutsche Zeitung”, and “Tageszeitung”. Attention is paid to one of the components of the category of evidentiality - reported evidentiality, which includes the meanings of ‘quotative’ and ‘hearsay’. A classification of the most significant sources of information is proposed. The results of a comparative analysis of the verbs sagen and behaupten are presented. It is concluded that the verb sagen is the most frequent and neutral verb introducing someone else's speech. The authors note that when transmitting indirect and fragmented citation, sagen usually means ‘individual personal quotative’ based on official and reliable sources. It is proved that the verb behaupten is a marked means of direct, indirect and fragmented quotes. It is emphasized that the verb behaupten is possible as an introductory verb when transmitting the meanings ‘generalized quotation’ and ‘rumors’.
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Denysiuk, Vasyl V. "THE PHRASEOLOGY OF IVAN MAZEPA’S BUSINESS DOCUMENTATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGICAL FUND DEVELOPMENT." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-15.
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The aim of the article is a structural-semantic analysis of the idiom рукою власною (by one’s own hand) in Ivan Mazepa’s documents in the general context of the Ukrainian language phraseological fund development. The texts of the Hetman Chancellery during the Imperial-Soviet era had an unspoken status of non grata in linguistics, therefore there was a kind of taboo on involving them in the orbit of linguistic studies. To achieve the aim, it was necessary to complete the following tasks: to identify the declared idiom in Ivan Mazepa’s business discourse; to determine the semantics of the idiom; to reveal semantic and structural innovations of the idiom in time and space, caused by individual reception of the situation and the phraseological potential of linguistic units, which will make it possible to trace the Ukrainian language phraseological fund durability. To achieve the aim, the following methods were used: the descriptive method made it possible to analyze the specifics of the semantics of phraseological units; the method of contextual analysis was decisive for clarifying the peculiarities of phraseological units functioning in monuments of various styles and genres, which made it possible to determine shifts in the semantic structure of word combinations; with the help of the structural method, the connections between components of the idiom are traced; the comparative-historical method makes it possible to present the vertical development and dynamics of the set expression; the etymological method was used to confirm the specific or borrowed character of the phraseology. The set expression is a linguistic calque of the Latin manu propria and got into the Ukrainian language through Polish language. However, the functioning of the idiom своею рукою (by one’s own hand) «personally» in the Ukrainian language of the 15th century gives us a reason to talk about semantic, structural and stylistic syncretization in the Polish-Ukrainian era with the adapted in Polish variant ręką własną. The idiom demonstrates the complete dominance of the variant with the attribute власний (own) and a fairly stable trend to use exactly the indirect word order which corresponds to the «noun + adjective» model. However, the laws of Ukrainian syntagmatics led to the entry and functioning of set expressions in the new Ukrainian language with a direct order of components, attesting data from the Ukrainian language corpora. The inflection of the instrumental case, which is sporadically recorded in a reduced form, also demonstrates its historical persistence. Conclusion. The conducted research proved that the use of the idiom рукою власною (by one’s own hand) in Ivan Mazepa’s business documentation was a complete reflection of its use and changes in the contemporary Ukrainian language. Its use primarily in the texts of business communication, and later also in the texts of other styles and genres, proves the development and persistence of the lack of general semantics «personally» expressiveness over the centuries. Semantic identity made it possible to vary the attributive component, and the identity of business situations led to the complete ellipticity of this word combination in the direction of one word, which is characteristic, however, only of business sphere texts, which in the 18th century testify to the transfer of the practice of abbreviations developed in Western European offices for business set expressions.
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Zainal Abidin, Najah, and Jariah Mohd Jan. "A Pragmatic Analysis of Responses in Malaysian Parliamentary Discourse." Journal of Pragmatics Research 4, no. 2 (March 18, 2022): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v4i2.92-106.
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This study employs the framework of responses proposed by Harris (1991), the notion of implicature as defined by Thomas (1995), and the dimensions of resistance introduced by Clayman (2001) to examine the types of responses in Malaysian Parliamentary Question Time. Analysis revealed the tendency of using direct, indirect, and evasive responses to specific questions for various reasons. Direct answers were observed in questions that could reflect positively on the government’s image. On the contrary, indirect answers were employed in questions that suggest clashing of goals between responders and questioners that could subsequently threaten the image of the government whereas negative presuppositions and the way questions are structured in parliament influence the production of evasion.Keywords: direct answer, evasive response, indirect answer, parliamentary discourse, political discourse
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Prokopenko, etiana. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE: THEORETICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 53 (2019): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.53.16-26.
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The purpose of the article is to carry out a comprehensive study on the peculiarities of theoretical and economic aspects of tourism industry development in Ukraine. Methodology. The complexity and specificity of the problems under study led to the use of a set of methodological tools, including general scientific and specific research methods, based on dialectical principles of objectivity and consistency, validity and comprehensiveness, logic and criticality. The descriptive (monographic) method made it possible to illuminate the discourse field of the chosen problems. The structural-functional method allowed to reveal the leading factors, factors and components of the formation of rapid tourism development in Ukraine. The comparative method made it possible to compare statistics on the visit of foreign tourists to Ukraine and the departure of Ukrainian citizens abroad. Results. The author also carried out a comprehensive analysis of the statistics of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine and determined that there is a tendency to increase the tourist flow outside Ukraine due to the introduction of a visa-free regime for entry into the EU and a decrease in the flow. foreigners to Ukraine due to amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine, which significantly complicates the duty-free crossing of goods across borders. It is justified that the market for tourist services is considered to be quite flexible because it is able to respond flexibly to changes in the external environment (economic, socio-demographic, political factors) and to changes in tourist demand and supply. The tourism sphere is one of the of the most effective sphere of Ukraine's economy because it not only contributes to the development of regions, but also accelerates the process of formation of the middle class in our country. Also, the tourism industry envisages an increase in the incomes of the population and an increase in the welfare of the nation, as a whole, through attracting foreign investment. This, in turn, increases part of the budget revenues through direct and indirect taxes (value added tax, import duty), the volume of which is one of the determining indicators for the existing business environment. In order to meet the growing demands of clients, travel agents and agents need to constantly research the market. Marketing research of the tourist services market and correction of the direction of tourist activity should be conducted in many directions. The scientific novelty of the work is that the systematization of scientific researches of the experience of forming the potential of the tourism industry, which distinguishes four main varieties of tourism products, namely: excursions, sports competitions, cultural and mass events and cultural festivals, the development of which promote economic development, is improved. , family-related, moral, ethnic and legal ties in conducting tourism business in Ukraine. The practical importance of the work lies in the possibility of further use of the proposed developments of the author for faster reproduction of labor resources through rest, improving the health of citizens and guests of the country, as well as for turning the resort business into a significant source of funds for the state and local budgets.
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Daneshpazhuh, Somayyeh, and Mohsen Shahrokhi. "A Comparative Study of Request Speech Acts in Badrudi, Persian, and English." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 5 (September 23, 2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n5p82.
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<p>This study was an attempt to delve into how requestive speech acts were realized in English, Persian, and Badrudi by EFL Persian students at the upper-intermediate level who spoke Badrudi as well. To collect the required data three versions of a Discourse Completion Test in English, Persian and Badrudi were administered to the research sample (N=40). The collected data was codified and analyzed with regard to social power and distance as two contextual variables and further statistical procedure was run to sustain or reject the research hypotheses. The analysis of the data revealed that the presence of power in interactions influences the request realization by the participants as there were differences among the most frequent strategies in English, Persian, and Badrudi. Moreover, with respect to the presence of social distance the comparison among request strategies in English, Persian, and Badrudi indicated the participants opt for different strategies as the most frequent strategies. The results also revealed that with the presence of power and distance direct strategies were the most frequent ones, conventionally indirect ranked second and indirect strategies were used as the least frequent strategies in English, Persian, and Badrudi.</p>
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Кобута, Світлана. "IVAN BAHRІANYІ AND GEORGE ORWELL: COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO BIOGRAPHICAL INSIGHT." Науковий і культурно-просвітній краєзнавчий часопис "Галичина", no. 31 (December 28, 2018): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/gal.31.146-151.
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The given article deals with the problem of comparison of literary and political works of Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell, as well as with an objective to prove that these two writers make up a far from random parallel for comparison.
On the basis of scientific works it proves that one can trace a genetic similarity in the main ideas highlighted in a number of works by these two writers. Both of them had a kind of indirect dialogue on the topics of freedom, equality and struggle against anti-humane regimes.
The article also highlights the face that there is more to the indirect dialogue of Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell than it seems. Biographical insight used for the research proves that both men faced similar struggles in their lives, their political views were really close and their interpretation of the ongoing events serves as evidence. Consequently the article brings to attention the fact that biographies of the writers might become a key for understanding their works and positions. Another fact to support the above-given idea is that both writers use their own lives and personal experience as a basis for literary interpretation; this was proved by the researches of both George Orwell and Ivan Bahrіanyі literary heritage. As a result we can research their works from the point of comparative typology in synchrony on the double grounds: the indirect dialogue about crucial human problems (mainly a solitary personal struggle against totalitarian regime) as well as usage of a similar artistic method to bring it to their audience.
The article deals with the problem of freedom as a core problem highlighted in literary and political works of Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell. It traces similarities and differences in the authors’ perception of the notion and ways it changes in various circumstances. It proves that the Ukrainian author pays more attention to the national aspect of freedom than his British counterpart does, which might be explained both by the differences in the worldviews (Ivan Bahrіanyі always defined himself as a socialistic patriot, while George Orwell often was perceived as a generalist and the citizen of the world) and by the political conditions of the nations the writers represent. In terms of personal freedom both authors claim it to be a crucial value for every person as it is closely connected with notions of dignity, self-respect, dreams realization etc. and defines the very existence of humankind.
Generally the article emphasizes the role and place of the writers in the anti-totalitarian discourse of the XX century. It draws attention to the fact that Ivan Bahrіanyі and George Orwell devoted all their lives and literary efforts to the struggle for a free personality, who is not to be oppressed by any political regime.
Keywords: Ivan Bahrіanyі, George Orwell, typological approach, genetic similarity, indirect dialogue, freedom, liberty, anti-totalitarian discourse, dignity, biographical approach.
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Ageeva, Yu. "Communicative Strategy of Self-Presentation in Russian Business Discourse." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 11, no. 4 (August 10, 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2022-11-4-41-46.
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The paper analyzes verbal patterns of communicants in the discourse of recruitment. The need to examine patterns and rules of communicative behavior of job applicants highlights the relevance of the study. Its results will enable predicting the success of communication during a job interview and, as a result, in employment. The purpose of the author is to identify and analyze the main and unique verbal tactics of interviewees implemented within the self-presentation as a basic strategy of job candidates. This strategy is represented by a scheme that includes a list of direct and indirect self-presenting actions.
The basic method of the study is an integrative discourse analysis undertaken as part of linguistic pragmatics. The goal of the study, characteristics of its object and subject justify the selection of this approach. The outlined indirect self-presenting actions of the job candidate include the request for communicatively meaningful information and productive self-criticism by which the applicant can demonstrate professionalism and interest in obtaining a position.
The prevalence of indirect self-presenting tactics in the Russian-language recruitment discourse demonstrated for the first time by the study, is linked primarily to the specifics of the Russian mentality and business environment. The materials and findings of the study may be utilized in further linguistic studies and are important for recruiters and all potential applicants.
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Sawada, Osamu. "Scale structures in discourse: Discourse-pragmatic properties of Japanese comparative expressions." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4302.
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The Japanese sore-yori ‘lit. than it’ and nani-yori ‘lit. than what’ have a pragmatic use (in addition to semantic use), and their pragmatic functions are highly discourse-sensitive. In terms of scalarity, the pragmatic sore-yori is non-endpoint-oriented in that it conventionally implicates that U in sore-yori(U) is preferable to the previous utterance. In contrast, the pragmatic nani-yori is endpoint-oriented in that it conventionally implicates that U in nani-yori(U) is preferable to any alternative utterance. In this paper I argue (i) that these two types of scalar meanings at the level of conventional implicaure (CI) are derived compositionally by the single yori ‘than’, and (ii) that various kinds of discourse-pragmatic functions of sore-yori and nani-yori―such as “topic shifting” in sore-yori, and “priority listing” and “additive reinforcing” in nani-yori―automatically arise from the interaction between the expression’s scale structures (endpoint vs. non-endpoint scales) and Grice’s conversational maxims (relevance, manner). This paper shows that scale structures play a crucial role in managing the direction of discourse and that there is a rich interaction between CIs and general conversational maxims in pragmatic comparative expressions.
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Clapp, Lenny. "The rhetorical relations approach to indirect speech acts." Pragmatics and Cognition 17, no. 1 (February 18, 2009): 43–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.17.1.02cla.
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Asher and Lascarides (2003) maintain that speech act types, the sorts of linguistic actions described and categorized, most influentially, by Austin (1962) and Searle (1969, 1979) are rhetorical relations. This relational account of speech acts is problematic for two reasons: Despite Asher and Lascarides (2001) ingenious appeal to dot type speech acts, the relational account is incompatible with the widespread phenomenon of indirect speech; only some speech acts are plausibly identified with rhetorical relations. These problems can be solved if a distinction between two kinds of speech act is recognized: Discourse-structuring speech acts are performed upon utterances and thus are plausibly identified with rhetorical relations, while non-discourse-structuring speech acts are performed upon conversational participants and thus are not plausibly identified with such relations. The typologies for these two kinds of speech acts cut across one another, and this suggests a promising approach to the phenomenon of indirect speech acts.
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Chang, Sung-sheng Yvonne. "Stream of Consciousness and Free Indirect Discourse in Modern Chinese Literature.Elly Hagenaar." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 31 (January 1994): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2949917.
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Sakharuk, Inna V. "Status of Precedent Units in the System of Intertextual Means of Contemporary Ukrainian Media Discourse." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 66, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2016-0003.
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Abstract The article is devoted to the determination of the status of precedent units (precedent names and expressions) in the system of intertextual means of contemporary Ukrainian media discourse. There was analyzed the phenomenon of intertextuality in the broad and narrow senses; the functions of precedent units that realize the main media discourse purpose of informing and influence were revealed. The analysis of the essence of precedence in linguistics gives grounds to distinguish three types of precedent phenomena: precedent texts, situations and personalities, as well as two types of precedent units: precedent names and expressions. The connection of precedent units and related concepts – winged words, aphorisms and idioms – was established. Based on a comparative analysis of the views of European and American scholars on the phenomena of intertextuality and precedence in linguistics there were singled out the means of direct and indirect appeal to prototext, which enroll the quotations and references, as well as the precedent units and allusions respectively.
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ORDUKHANYAN, Emil. "A Comparative Study of Political Process: Theoretical and Methodological Issues." WISDOM 13, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v13i2.246.
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The political process, as one of political science primary categories, is an important basis for political analysis. The political reality is created as a result of human activity, and it is connected with interrelated political interests' realization aiming to achieve predefined goals.
The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of political process based on the analysis of relevant works in this field of study. The institutional, behavioral, structural-functional approaches as well as conflict, discourse, and other methods of political process analysis are examined.
Summing up the results of explored issues, we concluded that political process is a dynamic and nonlinear political phenomenon that can vary in time, taking into account the impact of various direct or indirect factors.
A comparative analysis of political process research approaches has shown that any particular approach can be efficient only in an appropriate situation and political time. In case of other circumstances' presence, the same approach cannot be applied efficiently to a precise political process. It is also necessary to consider the peculiarities of political process due to the political culture model, dominant in the given society.
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Андрій Вікторович Каустов. "POLEMIC DISCOURSE ONTOLOGY: COMPARATIVE ASPECT (in English and Ukrainian)." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 20, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2017.120855.
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Introduction. The paper focuses on the concept of polemic discourse as public verbalcollision in the process of which the author breaks the principles of ethical communication inorder to realize certain tasks. In verbal practice metaphor of polemics reveals its power basedon the physical collision sensory-motor experience. Purpose. The paper aims to highlight theconceptual understanding of public verbal collision that is grounded on the image schema ofBLOCKING, which means making the opponent face some obstacle, and COUNTERATTACK,that illustrates the way of collision of two equally powerful opponents whose character ofattacks is different. Methods. The methodology of the given research is based on comparative,conceptual and linguocognitive methods of characterization the mechanisms of conducting thedebate to achieve certain results in polemic discourse verbalized in English and Ukrainian.Results. Studying the mechanism of polemic discourse, the paper emphasizes that BLOCKINGpredetermines the strategy reasoning to make the opponent look like some obstacle forthe author. COUNTERATTACK reflects the interactive character of verbal collision betweenthe participants of the debate, and author and opponent change their parts from time to time.It is proved that sensory-motor factors influence the verbalization of the collision polemicpower which is realized in such notions as conflict, fight, war and aggression. During theirdebate the opponents use so called verbal collision weapons which hit but don’t kill physically.Conclusion. The paper identifies the participants of polemic discourse: sender and two addresses(opponent and listeners). The sender, who is the author of polemic discourse, stands for differentsocial institutions’ points of view. His main tasks are the following: to lower the social statusof the opponent and to get as many as possible supporters among the listeners. Like the authorthe opponent is explicated in the polemics as the person who states the opinion of differentinstitutions. Listeners become arbitrators who take the decision about the winner of the debate.
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Kiose, M. I. "Perspective construal techniques in indirect non-referential naming." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2020): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/73/13.
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The research explores the perspective construal techniques applied in predicate indirect noun groups in Russian. In this case, the discourse perspective is construed with a highly salient ob-ject of perspective in the construed frame of reference. To achieve this effect, the speaker / narrator chooses a particular type of predicate indirect noun groups, such as predicate con-structions with the verbs of fictive motion, appearance, and being (existence) or comparative constructions. Each of these construction types demonstrates its own linguistic and cognitive features, which are used to apply various perspectivization techniques to ensure that its inter-pretation will proceed successfully. To detect these techniques, a complex procedure is applied. Hand-selected fragments analysis followed by corpus statistic and correlation analysis help define the parameters and values in predicate indirect noun group constructions. These parameters are referential (bodily modus type, referent type, referent focus type), lexical (first / repeated lexeme use, type of attribute in pre-position, intensifier type in pre-position), syntactic (sentence initial / final position, position before a clause, co-reference distance in words and propositions) and textual ones (textual role, new microevent introduction). Vari-ance analysis has revealed a group of parameters typical for the studied construction types of predicate indirect noun groups. Parametric results allow describe the typical techniques of object mental scanning, object construal, frames of reference (coordinate system) construal. These include the techniques of mental path shortening / prolongation, embodiment con- strual alleviation / constraining, animated / non-animated object construal, stability / instabil-ity of frames of reference, etc.
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Sedova, A. V. "Hedging in the Swiss version of economic discourse." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-40-52.
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This article explores the linguo-pragmatic potential of hedging, which is a means of speech insurance. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe linguistically the means of hedging used by journalists in Swiss articles on economic issues, taking into account the peculiarities of the language situation in German-speaking Switzerland. An attempt is made to determine the pragmatic function of the identified hedging instruments. The materials of the study are fragments from economic articles of the major Swiss media containing various hedging markers. So far, no attempts have been made in Russian and foreign German studies to describe linguistically the means of hedging in Swiss economic discourse. The study identified lexical and grammatical hedging: Konjunktiv I as a marker of indirect speech; hypothetical constructions with Konjunktiv II; means of implementing ambiguity and approximation; impersonal constructions; concessive structures; lexical means of realization of subjective forecast; modal words. The analysis showed that most often the authors of news reports use Konjunktiv I as a marker of indirect speech, as well as hypothetical constructions with Konjunktiv II. The conducted linguo-pragmatic analysis revealed that the authors of journalistic texts use these linguistic means in order to minimize their responsibility for what is being reported, referring to an external source of information, to express doubt, non-categorical assumption about future events, to label uncertainty and shirk responsibility when in doubt about exact facts or figures. The use of hedging in journalism also contributes to the dedramatization of the situation, to the preservation of the reputation of companies and the prevention of critical reviews and the growth of panic on the part of readers. The data obtained as a result of the analysis can be used in linguistic analysis and interpretation of economic texts to identify the linguistic features of the Swiss economic discourse.
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Wodak, Ruth. "Pragmatics and Critical Discourse Analysis." Pragmatics and Cognition 15, no. 1 (May 11, 2007): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.15.1.13wod.
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This paper discusses important and fruitful links between (Critical) Discourse Analysis and Pragmatics. In a detailed analysis of three utterances of an election speech by the Austrian rightwing politician Jörg Haider, it is illustrated in which ways a discourse-analytical and pragmatic approach grasps the intricacy of anti-Semitic meanings, directed towards the President of the Viennese Jewish Community. The necessity of in-depth context-analysis in multiple layers (from the socio-political context up to the co-text of each utterance) moreover emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches when investigating such complex issues as racism and anti-Semitism as produced and reproduced in discourse. More specifically, the relevance of pragmatic devices such as insinuations, presuppositions and implicatures, is discussed when analyzing instances of ‘coded language’, i.e., utterances with indirect and latent racist and anti-Semitic meanings as common in official discourses in Western Europe.
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Hosseini, A., and T. K. Kahnamouei. "The cognitive discourse analysis of evidentiality category in Russian exclamatory sentences." Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 7, no. 5 (January 3, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-5-29-36-45.
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The aims of the article are to examine the meanings of indirect evidentiality: inference, goal, desire and to search the manifestation of direct evidentiality in Russian exclamatory sentences. We attempt to prove that this category of evidentiality can be found in exclamatory sentences to express the speaker’s emotional attitude to the described situation, and, also, by using the cognitive discourse analysis, we are going to search the ways of realization of the speaker’s and his interlocutor’s intentions in any statement. In our study we analyzed the exclamatory sentences containing certain lexical or grammatical language tools used to express the meanings of direct and indirect evidentiality. The relevance of this work is determined by the necessity of studying the reliable and unreliable sources of information expressed in Russian exclamatory sentences. By means of cognitive discourse analysis, we revealed that the availability of some of introductory words, particles, exclamatory pronouns and etc. according to the context, can contextually point to the personal experience of the speaker or to the unreliable and incomplete information he gets. In these situations the subject of the speech act in relation to what he sees or hears, renders feelings of wonder, happiness and sadness.
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Orechova, Monika. "Influence of International Large-Scale Assessments on National Education Policies." Vilnius University Open Series 3 (December 28, 2020): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/sre.2020.6.
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This article analyzes previous research on the influence of international large-scale assessments (PIRLS, TIMSS, PISA) to national education policies. Based on this meta-analysis, four trajectories of influence are presented and discussed: direct impact, indirect impact via a general education discourse, direct and indirect legitimation.
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Azevedo, Hugo José Coelho Corrêa de, and Rosane Moreira Silva de Meirelles. "Comparative Education in Zoology Teaching: a historical-curricular analysis." Revista de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática 13, no. 6 (December 4, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rencima.v13n6a06.
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This paper presents a historical analysis of Zoology curricula in Brazil, based on comparative education. Data were collected in six documents that portray the historical context from the curricular structure of Colégio Imperial de Pedro II to the National Common Curricular Base. The following criteria for comparison and analysis were used: zoological curriculum discourse, scientific content, method used and historical context. The results showed that the teaching of Zoology has historically passed through 4 curricular phases, namely: 19th century from the 19th century and the Brazilian Empire, Positivist from the Cold War and technological dispute, Technicists from the military dictatorship and the progressive discourse and Skills and Competencies that arise at the time of discussion of post-critical theories of curriculum in Brazil. It is concluded that the Teaching of Zoology suffered political and social determinants that influenced its conceptual perspectives and zoological curricular discourse during the period used.
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Suhaimi, Nurul Shuhada, Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim, and Nurrulhuda Ahmad. "Comparative Analysis of Legislative Reform of Admission by Apologetic Discourse." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, SI7 (August 31, 2022): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7isi7.3814.
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This study compares the protection of admission by apologetic discourse through legislative reform in selected Common Law jurisdictions. The legislative reform provides a solution to the long-standing problem of adverse legal effects of admission by apologetic discourse made by professionals/practitioners who had breached their duty of care, code of ethics, or conducts. A similar problem is reported in Malaysia due to similarities in evidentiary rules, insurance contract clauses and statutory limitation law attributed to the Common Law system. The findings of this comparative study help towards the development of the law that protects admission by apologetic discourse for professional negligence and misconduct in Malaysia. Keywords: Apologetic discourse; admission; legislative reform; professional negligence and misconduct eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3814
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Yakhno, О. І. "Paradigms of rock music and jazz: comparative discourse." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 53, no. 53 (November 20, 2019): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-53.10.
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Objectives and methodology. The article is devoted to the revealing of the relation and differences between rock music and jazz, as the phenomena of the “third” layer. It is noted, that, in methodological terms, such a comparative approach is advisable to implement with the use of a paradigm apparatus that fixes a certain commonality in the development of each of the studied phenomena at different stages of evolution. The application of this concept to the phenomena of art is a characteristic feature of modern musicology. In the broadest sense, the paradigm is the possibility of “thinking by analogy” (according to Aristotle), and in music it relates both to the field of theory (views on music as a form of art) and practice (musical and artistic phenomena as the products of composer and performing art).The article proposes a classification of rock music paradigms, which are based on the available data on the aesthetics and communication of jazz and notes that rock music on the path of its evolution has passed a number of stages, which in general can be designated as paradigms. The article suggests a comparative description of the movement of aesthetic and communicative paradigms of jazz and rock music. It is noted that in jazzology this issue has long been relevant, which is not the case for the study of rock music. Despite all the differences in the time of emergence and the nature of evolution, vocabulary and semantics, social functions, jazz and rock have many “common points”. The results of the research. Such features, of jazz and rock music, as improvisational nature, a variety of intonational sources that combine multinational and diverse trends are revealed and systematized as common points. Among the special features are distinguished such as the reliance of jazz mainly on the instrumental and rock music on a mixed vocal and instrumental basis; first is referring to “elitist”, second is referring to “mass”. Various syntheses are also common in jazz and rock music, as well as the correlation of composition and improvisation, performing and authorial principles. It is not so much about mutual influences and syntheses, but about the directions of evolution, the general nature of which is defined as the movement from “realistic” to “phenomenological” (A. Soloviev on the jazz paradigms). At its onset, rock music, like jazz, has been “embedded” in the system of the social and political movement, where its autonomous aesthetic function was not yet identified (youth movements of the 1960s, within which the corresponding “protest music” arose). In the process of mastering vocabulary specific to rock music as a phenomenon of the “third” layer, a new paradigm arose, characterized first as conventionally realistic, and then as conventionally autonomous, where rock music reaches the level of professional art in which laws and rules are established by its representatives themselves (this period begins from the Beatles and will continue further by their followers – “Rolling Stones”, “Led Zeppelin”, “Deep Purple” and other groups). It is noted that “people of rock” as well as “people of jazz” are a special social and communicative community, in which the idea of free communication is the main and determining one, where social, interpersonal, and actually musical factors intertwine. The unifying communicative factor in jazz and rock music is the art of improvisation, in which, in symbiosis, the processes of creating and performing music coexist spontaneously, but are subject to certain paradigm settings. It is emphasized that in the social context, jazz and rock differ in ethnic and age factors, which, however, is eventually overcome in modern global society through consolidation (convergence of African-American and European sources of jazz, transition of rock groups to a more general theme that differs from the original youth focus). It is also noted that rock music, unlike jazz, is too deeply connected with social factors and is always based on topical themes, generalized with varying degrees of artistry. Therefore, its degree of autonomy is much lower than that of elite jazz, which by the last decade of the 20th century had turned into the officially recognized salon art, or into a “conglomerate” consisting of pop elements of various kinds close to the aesthetics of the show industry. It is proved that the differences between jazz and rock music are most clearly manifested at the level of radical-and-phenomenal paradigm, which means plunging into the realm of banal “nothing”, where acts (but actually – does not act) the principle of “no wave” (A. Soloviev about jazz) . While jazz in the post-bop period developed towards elite art under the Free rubric, the extreme expression of which was spontaneous collective “impersonal” (lack of leadership, lack of frontman), the style of rock music developed in a different direction, the vector of which can be considered the opposite of jazz. Firstly, in the field of stylistics and language as its primary carrier, rock music meant a return to improvisational syncretism – a dramatic combination of poetry and music. Secondly, rock music is directly immersed, unlike elite jazz with its style of full linguistic freedom and collage, in the realm of relevant musical and poetic vocabulary, coming not from the rhetorical type of creativity (translating “artificial” into “new artificial”), but from the realities of the set of generally accessible linguistic means, which exists at a given historical moment (and in a certain “geography”). In the conclusions of the article, it is noted that rock music, even in its experimental radical and phenomenological manifestations, associated mainly with the sound realm (electronics, dynamics), remains, as a whole, the phenomenon of pop culture. This does not mean the absorption of rock art by the realm of mass consumerism. The best rock music pieces, which have already become classic, combine in reasonable proportions the “elite” (innovative) and “mass” (traditional), give a special rational embodiment of the idea of combining improvisation and composition – the “cornerstone” in the musical art of the entire “third” layer. The aesthetics and communication of rock music in its latest paradigms are differentiated according to the criteria of various stylistic inclinations – genre, national, regional, personal. Therefore, the study of modern rock music is the task of a number of separate studies devoted to specific issues of the problem, in particular, its main difference from jazz, namely, in the vocal and instrumental nature.
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Rabatel, Alain. "REVIEW OF THE DEFINITION, THE SYNTACTIC-ENUNCIATIVE AND MODAL MARKS OF THE NARRATIVIZED REPRESENTED DISCOURSE." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 13(81) (May 26, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2022-13(81)-96-103.
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This article reviews the analysis of narrativized discourse (ND) – starting from a corpus of contemporary detective novels written by the author Dominique Manotti –, according to the theoretical framework of represented discourses which is based on the speaker/enunciator disjunction and on the consideration of the textual and (inter)actional dimensions of enunciative phenomena. The ND is redefined as narrativized represented discourse (NRD) because the discourse, attributed to a second enunciator, is synthetically reformulated by the representative speaker, focusing on the speech act and, possibly, its object. As a result, its enunciative marks are based on an embedding of modalities – the point of view (POV) of the second enunciator being under the scope of the POV of the representative speaker/enunciator – and on the contrast between NRD and narration or other forms of represented discourse (in particular the indirect represented discourse). Furthermore, the article distinguishes between locutionary narrativized discourse and narrativized discourse expressing inner speech more fleetingly than in inner monologues, due to the necessity of action. Finally, the paper concludes by relativizing Genette’s 1972 and 1983 analyses, starting from the enhancement of the role of the modalities assumed by the enunciators of NRDs, with dialogical traces of partially mimetic subjectivity which are particularly numerous and diverse in the NRDs expressing thoughts.
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Grace Kim, Young-Suk. "Do Written Language Bursts Mediate the Relations of Language, Cognitive, and Transcription Skills to Writing Quality?" Written Communication 39, no. 2 (February 27, 2022): 200–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07410883211068753.
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In this study, we examined burst length and its relation with working memory, attentional control, transcription skills, discourse oral language, and writing quality, using data from English-speaking children in Grade 2 ( N = 177; Mage = 7.19). Results from structural equation modeling showed that burst length was related to writing quality after accounting for transcription skills, discourse oral language, working memory, and attentional control. Burst length completely mediated the relations of attentional control and handwriting fluency to writing quality, whereas it partially mediated the relations of working memory and spelling to writing quality. Discourse oral language had a suppression effect on burst length but was positively and independently related to writing quality. Working memory had an indirect relation to burst length via transcription skills, whereas attentional control had a direct and indirect relation. These results suggest roles of domain-general cognitions and transcription skills in burst length, and reveal the nature of their relations to writing quality.
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Putri, Yunia Pramadita, and Mangantar Sitohang. "A STUDY OF MALE AND FEMALE REFUSAL STRATEGY PERFORMED BY EMPLOYEES OF BCD TRAVEL INDONESIA." Journal of English Language and Literature (JELL) 7, no. 2 (September 2, 2022): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.37110/jell.v7i2.157.
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The objectives of this research are to analyze what refusal strategies performed by male and female employees of BCD Travel Indonesia and to identify the language features found in refusal strategies of male and female employees. The qualitative method, specifically using a case study is used in this research. The primary data source of this study was taken from a written document namely Discourse Completion Test (DCT) proposed by Beebe and friends (1990) with little modification. Questionnaires to collect the data, specifically the Discourse Completion Test (DCT) as the instrument are applied in this research. The findings show that from 132 utterances of male employees, 80 utterances are indirect strategy, 28 utterances are adjuncts, and 24 utterances are direct strategy. These results show that male and female employees have their own ways of delivering indirect refusal strategy. In the utterances of male and female employee’s refusal strategies, 5 of 10 language features, such as lexical hedges or fillers, intensifiers, ‘superpolite’ forms, avoidance of strong swear words and emphatic stress are investigated.
Keywords : Refusal strategies, language features, male and female employees
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Gorbachev, M., and V. Terekhov. "A comparative analysis of schemes of indirect evaporation type apparatuses." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2057, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2057/1/012130.
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Abstract In this paper, a comparative analysis of schemes of heat and mass transfer devices of indirect evaporation type is carried out. These devices are a family of plane-parallel channels, in one of which the evaporation of water film takes place. Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer devices is based on solving a system of differential equations that represent the heat balance equations for each of the channels. Numerical studies are carried out in a wide range of input parameters: temperature t0 = 15÷50°C, relative air humidity ϕ0 = 20÷100%, and Reynolds number Re = 50÷1500. The assumed geometric dimensions of the channels are height H = 6 mm and length L 50H. The calculations are carried out at atmospheric pressure.
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MARCHESSOU, AGNES. "Strasbourg, another setting for sociolinguistic variation in contemporary French." Journal of French Language Studies 28, no. 2 (July 2018): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095926951800008x.
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ABSTRACTThis paper reports on language practices in the city of Strasbourg, in a multi-ethnic working class neighbourhood. This provides a comparative setting to identify whether linguistic features are spreading between French cities. Data were collected from young speakers (16 to 21) using an ethnographic approach over a year. First, this paper will briefly review the literature on language variation research in France. Second, a comparison of vernacular features will be carried out, focusing on lexical innovations, indirect questions following the verb savoir (Gardner-Chloros and Secova, this issue), quotative systems (Cheshire and Secova, this issue) and discourse markers. Finally, the ethnographic data collected as part of this research will be used to consider how multi-ethnic working class neighbourhoods in France are connected with each other, and how language may be travelling between settings.
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Chernobrov, Yuliia. "History of terms to denote direct and indirect discourse in Ukrainian linguistics." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2020): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.03.122.
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The article deals with the history of basic terms to denote the ways of speech reporting in Ukrainian linguistics; the analysis of terms in onomasiological and semasiological aspects on the basis of historical sources is carried out; the contribution of Ukrainian linguists to the formation and development of this terminological subsystem is presented. Terms to denote the concepts of someone’s speech transfer is a separate subsystem that has a history of formation, development and codification in Ukrainian linguistics. In present Syntax this subsystem is called Representology. The theoretical foundations of Representology in Ukrainian linguistics are laid in the grammars of the second half of the XIX – first half of the XX century. Authors of grammar mannuals and scientific papers used nominations created on Ukrainian-language basis. Terminological variability to denote the concepts of direct and indirect speech in the sources of the 20ies of the twentieth century illustrates active scientific search for optimal means of concept’s nomination according to their characteristics, or individual terminology. Term units proposed in the works written by M. Osadtsa, S.Y. Smal-Stotsky, P.F. Zalozny, P.Y. Horetsky and I. Shalia, Yu.V. Sheveliov served as the basis for the modern termsystem called Representology. Yu. Sheveliov specified the concepts of direct and indirect language, outlined their grammatical nature and stylistic properties, as well as noted the ancient tradition of using constructions with a foreign language in the Ukrainian language. Terminological material illustrates the dynamics of terminology and allows the information systematization about the evolution of linguistic terms. Generalized data will be included in the Ukrainian historical dictionary of linguistic terms, which intended to become not only a component of the general historical vocabulary, but also to illustrate the development of Ukrainian linguistic thought. Keywords: term, syntactic terminology, Historical Terminology, terminological nomination, direct speech, indirect speech, semi-direct speech, implicit direct speech.
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Ying, Jieqiong, and Gang Hong. "A Cross-cultural Comparative Study of Requests Made in Chinese by South Korean and French Learners." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1101.07.
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This study aims to examine the differences of pragmatic strategies of requests made in Chinese by South Korean and French learners, in comparison to those made by Chinese native speakers (CNS). Using a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) questionnaire as the research tool, 20 Chinese, 20 French students and 20 South Korean students from the Shanghai International Studies University (SISU) were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. The response data from the Chinese student questionnaires were used as the baseline data for comparison as well as generating a modified coding scheme. The results show that Chinese speakers and South Korean learners tend to be more direct by using “query preparatory” and “mood derivable” as head acts, while French learners tend to be indirect by primarily using “query preparatory.” In terms of sociopragmatics, the results show that Korean learners and Chinese tend to be hierarchical and collectivistic, while French students are prone to be egalitarian and individualistic. L2 transfer, inductive/deductive mindset, unfamiliarity, and varied perceptions of politeness could be possible reasons for the differences in request strategies. This study concludes with suggestions for future research and pedagogy.
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Sullivan, Jonathan, and Eliyahu V. Sapir. "Strategic cross-Strait discourse: A comparative analysis of three presidential terms." China Information 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x12471928.
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Mustajoki, Arto, and Alla Bajkulova. "The risks of misunderstandings in family discourse." Language and Dialogue 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 340–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00074.mus.
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Abstract Based on a large dataset of Russian material, the paper presents these general features of the home: a place to spend leisure time containing a long-established group of different ages and sexes free to move about in their environment These factors lead to tension between communicants and a diversity of topics of conversation. Inadequate recipient design is an overarching trigger for misunderstanding caused by the speaker. It derives from poor concentration on interaction and the common ground fallacy, and leads to the frequent use of indirect and elliptical expressions. Inadequate concentration causes the recipient to non-listen and overguess. Finally, misunderstandings occur because of mishearings, misinterpretations and misreferences. Misinterpretation may concern the content, intention or mode of the message.
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Mazzoleni, Marco, and Paolo Scampa. "Come et ses propositions subordonnées en italien contemporain." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 46, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 238–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.46.2.04maz.
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This paper describes the syntactic behaviour, the different possible semantic values and some pragma-textual functions of dependent clauses introduced by come in contemporary Italian. These clauses may occur as arguments of a predicative element (a verb, or a relational noun or adverbial element) or as sentence margins — i.e. adverbial clauses, in traditional terms: in the first case they are embedded as objective/subjective clauses or indirect wh-questions, with a modal meaning ; in the second case the subordinating conjunction come expresses an inter-clausal link between the two connected propositions, with a modal or “analogy” comparative meaning, but it may be also inferentially interpreted in a range of other values. Finally, at the discourse level these clauses may be used by the speaker to comment upon his/her utterance, and assume an inter- or intra(meta)-textual function.
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Singh, Rajbir, and Sumit Bansal. "A Comparative Study of Image Deblurring Techniques." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9282.
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The method of recovering a true image from degraded one, to analyze that digital image and characteristics with no artifact errors is known as Image Restoration. These techniques are of two types: direct methods and indirect methods. Direct methods are those in which the results of image restoration are produced in one single step. Indirect methods are those in which the results of image restoration are produced after various steps. This method is termed as blind image deconvolution, when the known info is just the blurred digital image and no info about the (Point Spread Function) (PSF) or the degrading model. The target of the procedure is to recover both the latent (un-blurred) image and the blur kernel, simultaneously. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive research of image noise model,de-blurring methods, blur types, and a comparative study of various deblurring methods. We have implemented number experiments to study these methods according to their performance, (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) PSNR, (structural similarity) SSIM, blur type, and (Minimum Mean Square Error) MMSE.
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HO, CONNIE SUK-HAN, CATHY YUI-CHI FONG, and MO ZHENG. "Contributions of vocabulary and discourse-level skills to reading comprehension among Chinese elementary school children." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 2 (November 19, 2018): 323–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000590.
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ABSTRACTDecoding and language comprehension skills have been found to be the core components of reading comprehension across many writing systems. The present study examined the contributions of vocabulary and some discourse-level skills to reading comprehension in Chinese in addition to that of decoding. One hundred and seventeen Chinese second and third graders in Hong Kong were tested on decoding, vocabulary, discourse-level skills, and verbal working memory. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that the discourse-level skills contributed an additional 5% of variance to reading comprehension over decoding, vocabulary, and other control variables, and all factors accounted for a total of 70% variance in reading comprehension. Further path analysis showed that all the direct paths of word reading, vocabulary, text-structure knowledge, and topic knowledge to reading comprehension were significant. Vocabulary also contributed to reading comprehension through indirect paths to discourse-level knowledge. The present findings support the simple view of reading with elaborations on the language comprehension component, namely, (a) vocabulary is a foundational language skill for text comprehension through its role on discourse-level knowledge, and (b) some discourse-level knowledge also plays an important role in passage comprehension.
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Sawada, Osamu. "The role of comparison in discourse." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 24, no. 1 (December 12, 2022): 36–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00125.saw.
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Abstract This study investigates the meaning and use of the Japanese utterance comparative expressions sore-yori-(mo) ‘than that’ and nani-yori-(mo) ‘than anything’ and considers the role of comparison in discourse. I argue that sore-yori and nani-yori can compare individuals at the semantic (at-issue) level, but they can also compare utterances (speech acts) at the non-at-issue level (= conventional implicature (CI)) (e.g., Grice 1975; Potts 2005; McCready 2010; Sawada 2010; Gutzmann 2011). The utterance comparative sore-yori conventionally implicates that U in sore-yori(U) is more important than the previous utterance, and the utterance comparative nani-yori conventionally implicates that U in nani-yori(U) is more important than any alternative utterance. An interesting feature of the utterance comparatives sore-yori-(mo) and nani-yori-(mo) is that their pragmatic functions are quite flexible. As for sore-yori, in some contexts, it can function as a topic-changing expression, but in other contexts it does not. As for nani-yori, when it occurs discourse-initially, it functions like the expression first of all, but when it occurs discourse-finally, it functions as an additive reinforcing expression. I argue that the pragmatic effects of utterance comparative expressions arise based on the interaction between their scalar meanings and the general pragmatic principles of relevance/Question Under Discussion and manner (e.g., Grice 1975; Roberts 1996). This study demonstrates that in addition to regular comparison and metalinguistic comparison, there is a third type of comparison: utterance comparison, and that the notion of comparison plays an important role in advancing the conversation economically/effectively. Finally, cross-linguistic variations in utterance comparison will also be discussed using English and Korean data.