Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative and general Indirect discourse'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Comparative and general Indirect discourse.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Comparative and general Indirect discourse"
1
Sushkova, Aigul R. "SCIENTIFIC HUMANITARIAN DISCOURSE IN THE RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES: INTERTEXTUAL MARKERS ANALYSIS." Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-3-327-340.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Any new humanitarian research is based on a solid theoretical basis, which should be reflected in the work of the researcher. Intertextuality as a peculiar principle of scientific discourse, expressed simultaneously at the level of content and in terms of expression, is a special way of building new knowledge based on other people’s knowledge and empirical experience. Conducting a comparative study on intertextual markers of humanitarian discourse in Russian and English will reveal their common and specific features.
Purpose. In this paper, the author conducts a comparative analysis of intertextual markers of scientific humanitarian discourse in Russian and English.
Materials and methods. The research is based on general scientific methods, i.e., generalization and analysis as well as descriptive method, mathematical and statistical method, continuous sampling method.
Results. As a result of the research, the authors identify explicit markers of intertextuality inherent in scientific humanitarian discourse in Russian and English, among which background references, indirect speech and quotations are the most popular. During the quantitative calculation of the studied data, the authors revealed that the percentage ratio of various intertextual markers within one language differs. Thus, it was revealed that in the English-language discourse, most of the intertextual markers are formed by background links, while in the Russian-language discourse, this number was made up of background links together with indirect speech. The authors summarize that the background references used in the scientific humanitarian discourse of the two languages under study help preserve the originality of the study as well as reflect the theoretical support of the researcher.
Practical implications. The data obtained in the course of the conducted research can contribute to the development of functional stylistics and comparative linguistics, it can also be used by researchers of scientific humanitarian discourse, as well as for the purposes of teaching “Academic writing”.
2
Serafim, Monielly. "The role of reported speech in the evaluation of arguments from expert opinion." Revista Eletrônica de Estudos Integrados em Discurso e Argumentação 22, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47369/eidea-22-3-3532.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses how grammatical aspects of direct and indirect speech affect the evaluation of the argument from expert opinion. Direct speech is often characterized by having two different discourse acts and, consequently, two deictic centres; and indirect speech is regarded as one discourse act with one deictic centre. These grammatical structures have different pragmatic effects, mainly because in direct speech, the reported content is assumed to be faithful in form and content. In contrast, in indirect speech, the current speaker embeds the reported content in their speech. Considering these features, this work provides a comparative analysis of the types of reported speech and their relation to Wagemans’ (2011) argument scheme and critical questions and offers modifications in the existing argument schemes to allow a more precise evaluation of arguments.
3
Abidi, Abdelfattah. "A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of American Native Speakers of English and Moroccan EFL University Students’ Production of the Speech Act of Request." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v4i1.867.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the production of request strategies, request sub-strategies, and request orientations by Moroccan EFL learners (MEFLLs) and American native speakers of English (ANSE). To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted a mixed approach by collecting data through a semi-structured interview and a discourse completion test. The DCT is composed of ten situations adopted from Blum-Kulka et al.’s (1989) Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns project and modified by Khamam (2012). Thirty MEFLLs and thirty ANSE responded to the discourse completion test, while four MEFLLs and three ANSE were interviewed. Furthermore, to analyse said and unsaid requests, this study relied on Blum-Kulka et al.’s (1989) coding scheme and Marti’s (2006) model. The results showed that MEFLLs differed from ANSE in several ways. MEFLLs were more direct than ANSE, as they used direct request strategies and hearer-oriented requests more than ANSE. However, the two groups preferred the conventionally indirect request strategy to the other request strategies. Regarding request sub-strategies, the two groups frequently selected the query preparatory strategy. Nevertheless, it was chosen by ANSE more than MEFLLs.
4
Arteev, S. P., D. S. Bunevich, and M. I. Sigachev. "The New Populism in New Europe: Hungarian and Polish Examples in the Scientific Discourse." Post-Soviet Issues 9, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2022-9-1-92-110.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the phenomenon of new populism in Central and Eastern Europe, taking as an example such countries as Hungary and Poland. The object of research is scientific discourse, and the subject is its segment, directly or indirectly related to populism in CEE. The main problems, aspects and positions that exist in the scientific community on the topic of populism are identified. This article explores the questions of whether populists in CEE countries are bearers of the potential for alternativeism.The piece also raises the problem of the model of the world order and the possibility of projecting an Eastern European alternative development-Most attention is paid to the answers to these research questions. In addition, the article outlines possible prospects for the development of the scientific discourse of populism, including in a comparative political key.
5
Pinto, Ana Sofia. "Representação do discurso outro no enquadramento teórico do género artigo científico." Linguística: Revista de Estudos Linguísticos da Universidade do Porto 1 (2022): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/16466195/ling2022v1a6.
Full textAbstract:
The scientific article genre often uses other voices to report their speech, being one of the main parameters of this textual genre. Thus, these voices are summoned in an argumentative strategy, persuading a relevant research community to consider a given. The discourse report is the object of study of several authors (Swales 1986, Authier-Revuz 1982, 2008, Duarte 1999, 2008, 2020, Boch & Grossmann 2002, Rabatel 2012, e.o), focusing on some of these works in scientific discourse (Hyland 1999, 2002, Jorge & Luís 2018, e.o) and, within this discursive domain, in the scientific article genre (Swales 1990, Hyland 2001, Marques 2020, e.o). The main objective of this work is to analyze the representation of the other discourse in the section of the literature revision of the scientific article textual genre. In articulation with this general objective, some more specific objectives were established: a) to analyze the distribution and predominance of the strategies of representation of the other discourse and b) to verify if these strategies differ in the studied areas. To achieve these objectives, a corpus of 30 scientific articles (15 from Linguistics and 15 from Education) was constituted, whose text plan corresponds to the IMRDC structure (Swales 1990, e.o.). This investigation follows a mixed methodology that consists, in general, in the identification of the bibliographic referencing strategies and the strategies of representation of the discourse reported in the corpus. For the proposed analysis, the theoretical-methodological framework of Marques (2020) was taken as a reference, which identifies bibliographic referencing strategies and citation strategies in eight scientific articles, considering the articles in their entirety. As for the results of this investigation, we observed that the most common form of reported speech is indirect speech, both in the entire corpus and comparatively. At the level of linguistic formatting of each of the identified strategies, we verified the existence of some variety in its textualization, with consequences in the expression of different points of view of the speaker about the other speech and the fulfillment of the objectives of its call, in accordance with the results of other studies (cf., among others, Marques 2020).
6
Stepanova, S. Ye. "PROFESSIONAL AND DOMESTIC: COGNITIVE INFLUENCE IN PICTURES AND ECHO PICTURES OF THE WORLD." Opera in linguistica ukrainiana, no. 29 (November 9, 2022): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2022.29.262413.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research is to identify the ways and mechanisms of the influence of professional discourse on the formation and development of professional language pictures of the world, as well as the formation of echo-pictures of the world of people close to these specialists based on their language picture of the world. The object of the study is the speech of the tailor Emmanuel Solovey and his wife Rosa – the main characters of Vera Inber’s story “Solovey and Rosa”; Olga Plemyannikova and men close to her of various professions – characters in Anton Chekhov’s story “Sweetheart”; a young novice doctor from Mikhail Bulgakov’s autobiographical story “Towel with a rooster”. The result of our observations allows us to draw a number of conclusions. Professional pictures of the world develop with the improvement of the skills of their carriers and have a direct influence on the formation of language pictures of the world of specialists in a certain field of knowledge or craft, and indirect influence through professional echo pictures of the world and language pictures of the world of people who surround these specialists: family members, friends. These influences are reflected in the speech of specialists and family members, other people close to them in various language means. Most often, such influences are evidenced by group or individual comparative turns, idioms, metaphors, metonymies, synonyms, antonyms, personifications that reflect the professional knowledge and skills of the speaker, as well as his family members and close friends.
7
Безукладникова, София Сергеевна. "ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS AS A SPEECH GENRE OF ENGINEERING AND DIDACTIC DISCOURSE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 6(224) (November 18, 2022): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2022-6-97-107.
Full textAbstract:
Введение. В статье предпринята попытка определить специфику жанра «инструкция по сборке», объединяющего инженерную и дидактическую составляющую. Его цель – регламентировать работу преподавателей-инженеров на занятиях с разновозрастными учащимися. Ранее тексты этого жанра не выступали предметом научного исследования, несмотря на то что инструкция как жанр описана в рамках IT-дискурса, педагогического дискурса, поучающего, инженерного. Однако впервые инструкция по сборке выступает предметом исследования в инженерно-дидактическом дискурсе. Материал и методы. Выборка текстов жанра «инструкция по сборке» осуществлена на базе методических материалов международной школы инженерии и робототехники «Школа цифровых технологий» в количестве 25 документов, описывающих процесс сборки конструкций в рамках программы по инженерной робототехнике для разных возрастов учащихся (средний объем каждого документа – 15 страниц, всего около 375 страниц текста). В качестве основной методологической модели используется модель речевого жанра Т. В. Шмелевой. Методы анализа: текстологический, количественный, сопоставительный анализ для выявления признаков гибридизации жанра. Результаты и обсуждение. В работе исследован жанр «инструкция по сборке» по семи жанрообразующим признакам: описаны средства выражения информационной и императивной коммуникативной цели через номинацию документов, заголовки, список необходимых материалов для сборки конструкции и основной текст; выделены средства описания имплицитного образа автора, такие как использование профессиональной лексики и трансляция позиции «старшинства»; перечислены языковые маркеры прямого и косвенного адресата, включающие прямые номинации и деминутивы; приведены способы описания диктума в алгоритме сборки конструкций; сформулированы подходы к созданию образа прошлого и будущего через императивные конструкции и модальные предикаты; описаны средства организации композиции текстов и влияние композиционной неустойчивости на объем элементов из дидактического и инженерного дискурса; выделены специфические формы языкового воплощения, включая дискурсивные формулы. Отдельно для каждого признака описаны средства языкового выражения гибридности жанра. Заключение. Показаны основные и специфические черты жанра «инструкция по сборке» инженерно-дидактического дискурса, такие как мягкая императивная позиция автора, использование слов категории состояния и глаголов 1-го лица множественного числа в значении совместности и ряд других. Introduction. The article attempts to determine the specifics of the “Assembly Instructions” genre, which combines engineering and didactic components. Its purpose is to regulate the work of engineering teachers in the classroom with students of different ages. Previously, the texts of this genre were not the subject of scientific research, despite the fact that the instruction as a genre is described within the framework of IT-discourse, pedagogical discourse, teaching, engineering. However, for the first time, assembly instructions are the subject of research in engineering and didactic discourse. Material and methods. The selection of texts of the “Assembly instructions” genre was carried out on the basis of methodological materials of the international school of engineering and robotics “School of Digital Technologies” in the amount of 25 documents describing the process of assembling structures within the framework of the engineering robotics program for students of different ages (the average volume of each document is 15 pages, about 375 pages of text in total). As the main methodological model, the model of the speech genre of T. V. Shmeleva. Analysis methods: textological, quantitative, comparative analysis to identify signs of genre hybridization. Results and discussion. The paper describes the genre of “Assembly Instructions” according to seven genre-forming features: describes the means of expressing an informational and imperative communicative goal through the nomination of documents, headings, a list of necessary materials for assembling the structure and the main text; the means of describing the implicit image of the author are highlighted, such as the use of professional vocabulary and the translation of the position of “seniority”; the language markers of the direct and indirect addressee are listed, including direct nominations and deminatives; ways of describing the dictum in the algorithm for assembling structures are given; formulated approaches to creating an image of the past and future through imperative constructions and modal predicates; the means of organizing the composition of texts and the influence of compositional instability on the volume of elements from didactic and engineering discourse are described; specific forms of linguistic embodiment, including discursive formulas, are highlighted. Separately, for each feature, the means of linguistic expression of genre hybridity are described. Conclusion. The main and specific features of the “Assembly Instructions” genre of engineering and didactic discourse are shown, such as the author’s soft imperative position, the use of words in the category of state and verbs in the 1st person plural in the sense of compatibility, and a number of others.
8
Hussain, Muhammad, and Akhtar Aziz. "CROSS-CULTURAL PRAGMATIC STUDY OF APOLOGY STRATEGIES IN BALOCHI WITH REFERENCE TO CHINESE LANGUAGE." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 5, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp152-169.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Purpose: Cross-cultural studies help to reduce linguistic misunderstandings. Owing to the mastery of the grammar and vocabulary of any language, speakers who may be fluent in a second language, may still be unable to produce language that is socially and culturally acceptable, thus indicates the importance of pragmatics in general and cross-cultural pragmatics in particular. The development of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) creates urgency for the Baloch and the Chinese people to know each other's language and culture, as the project is located in 'Gwadar', a Baloch region, where Balochi is widely spoken. The purpose of this paper is to explore apology strategies used in the Balochi language spoken in Balochistan, Pakistan with reference to Chinese, including Baloch cultural values which influence language.
Methodology: The data were collected through Discourse Completion Test from 30 native speakers of Balochi language enrolled in various departments at International Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan. On the other hand, the Chinese language data were adopted as a reference from a research study conducted by Chang (2016). The Balochi data were analyzed by employing the framework presented by Blum-Kulka, House, and Kasper (1989).
Findings: The findings show that the Baloch native speakers use indirect strategies of apology, explanation strategy, and taking and denying responsibility which are similar to the Chinese language.
Contribution: The paper may help to expand the scope of cross-cultural pragmatics to non-western languages. The paper may also be significant in the teaching curricula to design comparative courses in Chinese and Balochi.
Keywords: Apology, Balochi, Chinese, cross-cultural pragmatics, strategies.
Cite as: Hussain, M., & Aziz, A. (2020). Cross-cultural pragmatic study of apology strategies in Balochi with reference to Chinese language. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 5(2), 152-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol5iss2pp152-169
9
Horiacheva, Kira, Yuliia Tytomir, and Oleh Burdiuh. "Analysis of the effectiveness of financing projects using crowdfunding." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 26 (September 29, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.26.2021.7.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – analysis of key performance indicators (KPIs) for the success of innovative projects that try to raise funds indirectly through crowdfunding platforms. Research Methodology. The interdisciplinary method of discourse analysis and systematic approach were used in the context of this work; the comparative method allowed to determine the optimal approach to the problem. Scientific novelty. The field of financial support lacks tools to encourage market participants to provide them with ideas and projects that can be financed through crowdfunding. Conclusions. The following indicators influence the creation of a viable crowdfunding mechanism and the growth of fundraising: narrative (or previous history), a clear goal and planned duration of the project; investment in communication schemes and visualization of advertising, and third-party support (positive feedback) focus on the pledge process rather than on the financial goal; distribution of crowdfunding into structured categories. At the same time, the success of crowdfunding is not tied to the size of the reward and any location. Key words: crowdfunding; key performing factors; alternative financin
10
Jourdy, Natascha. "Narrative structure of literary text: Free indirect discourse as a linguistic and narratological category." Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics 35 (November 5, 2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2009.35.5.
Full textAbstract:
The paper focuses on the analysis of free indirect discourse as a modernist narrative form. We outline the basic narrative and linguistic characteristics of free indirect discourse and examine its main functions in the literary texts. We undertake a comparative analysis of three examples of free indirect discourse (drawn from the texts of G. Flaubert, F. Kafka and V. Nabokov) and display their common and distinctive features.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative and general Indirect discourse"
1
Dlepu, Seziwe Everrette. "The consumer advice article in Xhosa as genre-text." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51951.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigates text properties of the consumer-advice magazine article in Xhosa within the framework of the genre-based approach to literacy and writing. The view of writing as component of the communication competence component in Grabe and Kaplan's (1996) theory of writing is assumed. It is argued that the analysis of (non-fictional) genres is a core ability in terms of the specifications of Curriculum 2005 for outcomes-based language teaching for writing skills. The term genre as it is used within genre theory refers to a (non-fictional) text which has an identifiable social (or cultural) purpose, an identifiable form (including beginning, middle and end) and specific constrains on the possible deviations allowed in its form. This study will examine seven BONA magazine articles to establish what identifiable generic properties can be attributed to these genretexts. The cognitive move structure of these magazine articles on consumer advice will be analysed to determine whether a typical move structure occurs for this genre. The text-linguistic properties of the various magazine articles will be investigated invoking Grabe and Kaplan's model of text-structure. In particular, properties like pronominal reference conjunctive devices, which contribute to text coherence and cohesion will be considered as well as lexical choices as a reflection of communicative purpose. Finally, the study will briefly address the issue of the significance of the genre-text knowledge underlying writing skills as the relevant kind of knowledge to be developed in terms of the specifications of outcomes-based language teaching in Curriculum 2005. The kind of analytic skills exemplified in the examination of the Xhosa magazine articles are therefore necessitated for accomplishing the outcomes for writing. The nationale for developing such analytic abilities with respect to writing skills is to empower learners to be competent writers in their future career lives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die teks-struktuur eienskappe van die verbruikers-advies tydskrifartikel in Xhosa binne die raamwerk van die genre-gebaseerde benadering tot geletterdheid en skryfvaardigheid. Die beskouing van skryfvaardigheid as 'n komponent van die kommunikasievaardigheid komponent in Grabe en Kaplan (1996) se teorie van skryfvaardigheid word aanvaar. Daar word geargumenteer dat die analise van nie-fiksie (of nie-literêre) genres 'n kemvermoë is in terme van die spesifikasies van Kurrikulum 2005 vir uitkoms-gebaseerde taalonderrig van skryfvaardigheid. Die terme genre, soos dit gebruik word in genre-teorie verwys na 'n (nie-fiksie) teks met 'n identifiseerbare sosiale, kommunikatiewe of kulturele doelstelling, 'n identifiseerbare vorm (insluitende 'n begin, middel en einde) en spesifieke beperkings rakende die toelaatbare afwykings in vorm. Die studie sal sewe BONA tydskrifartikels ondersoek om te bepaal watter identifiseerbare eienskappe toegeskryf kan word aan hierdié genre-tekste. Die kognitiewe skuif-struktuur van hierdie tydskrifartikels oor verbruikersadvies salontleed word om te bepaal watter tipiese skuif-struktuur voorkom vir hierdie genre. Die teks-linguistiese eienskappe van die verskillende tydskrifartikels salondersoek word deur die model van Grabe en Kaplan te gebruik. In die besonder, eienskappe soos voornaamwoordelike verwysing, voegwoord-meganismes wat bydra tot tekskoherensie en kohesie salondersoek word, asook leksikale (woord) keuses as 'n refleksie van die skrywer se kommunikatiewe doelstelling. Laastens, sal die studie kortliks vraagstukke ondersoek rakende die belang van die genreteks kennis wat onderliggend is aan skryfvaardigheid as die relevante soort kennis wat ontwikkel moet word in terme van die spesifikasies van uitkoms-gebaseerde taalonderrig in Kurrikulum 2005. Die soort analitiese vaardighede wat na vore kom in die ondersoek van die Xhosa tydskrifartikels word genoodsaak ten einde die uitkomste vir skryfvaardigheid te bereik. Die motivering vir die ontwikkeling van sodanige analitiese vermoëns ten opsigte van skryfvaardigheid is om leerders te bemagtig om 'n goeie skryfvaardigheid te hê in hulle toekomstige beroepe.
ISICATSHULWA ISIXHOSA: Esi sifundo sinika sikwabonisa ngokupheleleyo ukuba nabani na obhalayo rnakacacelwe ukuba ubhalela isizwe, ngoko ke rnakabe neenjonge. Makaqiqe akucingisise oko akukhethele ukutyebisela uluntu ngako. Ibonisiwe imigaqo elandelwa ziingcali zaphesheya nezimvo zazo ngobhalo lwesicatshulwa kwaneengxaki abathe bahlangana nazo. Esi sicatshulwa sigxininise kwirnigaqo ernayi landelwe yikharikyularn equlunqwe yalungiselelwa izikolo. Kwikharikyulam kuboniswa ukuba xa kufundiswa ukubhala urnfundi obhalayo, utitshala obhalayo, isikolo, izixhobo zokufundisa kwaneendlela zokufundisa zibaluleke ngokufanayo nangokulinganayo. Kaloku olu hlobo lwesilabhasi lujolise kwiziqhamo. Indlela zokubhala zinikiwe kubekwa umnwe kwindlela apho urnbhali abhalela ukuxela into ethile phofu ezarna ukuqweqwedisela iingqondo zabantu kurnba othile. Iintlobo zokubhaliweyo nazo ziphononongiwe kwaze kwaqononondiswa kuleyo urnntu abhalela ukugqithisa ulwazi ngento ethile. Okubalulekileyo kokokuba lowo ubhalayornakakhethe okunorndla yaye kube serngangathweni. Izicatshulwa ezichongiweyo apha kwesi sifundo zihlonyulwe kwirnagazini yesiXhosa iBona. Zonke zichazwe gabalala phaya kwisahluko sesine, izizicatshulwa ezingeso labathengi. Kweli liso labathengi kucetyiswa kufundiswa abathengi ngeendlela zokuqoqosha ngernpurnelelo njengoko arnaxabiso enyuka umhla nezolo. Incwadi ebhalwe nguGrabe noKaplan isibonisa indlela erna ilandelwe xa ufundisa umntwana ukubhala. Bagxininise kwiiphararnitha: ngubani obhala ntoni, ebhalela bani, enayiphi injongo, ngoba, nini, phi, njani. Ezi phararnitha zisetyenzisiwe ukuphengulula nokuhlalutya ezi ziqwengana zikhethwe kwirnagazini iBona. Esi sifundo sigxininisa kwicala losetyenziso - lwirni kulo rnzekelo. Esi sifundo siphinde saxoxa nzulu ngonxulumano olukhoyo phakathi kwezi ziqwengana zichongwe kwiBona ezingeso labathengi kunye neziqhamo ezisixhenxe ezidweliswe zacaciswa kuxwebhu lwe-OBE (Outcome-based Education) olulungiselelwe izikolo. Olu xwebhu lwe-OBE luzama lusikhanyisela ukuba umntwana xa ebhala isicatshulwa makazicwangcise ngokukuko izimvo zakhe. Ingaba uyakuqonda ekuva na oko kuqulathwe koko akubhalileyo. Umzekelo esiwunikwe ngokaBathia we 'moves' ezisixhenxe athi zinokuchongwa kokubhaliwe yo, nawo usetyenzisiwe ukuxovula isicatshulwa ngasinye. Kolo xovulo kufumaniseke ukuba zintandathu kuphela i'moves' ezichongeka nezifumaneka kwezi zicatshulwa zeBona.
2
Chung, So-Woo. "Cataphora in discourse representation theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8424.
Full text
3
Taranto, Gina Christine. "Discourse Adjectives /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099909.
Full text
4
Delin, Judith Lesley. "Cleft constructions in discourse." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6599.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an analysis of the structure and function of cleft constructions in discourse. Drawing on a corpus of naturally-occurring spoken and written data, we present a multi-layered explanation of how it-clefts, wh-clefts, and reverse wh-clefts are different from non-clefts, and from one another. After a review of previous research on clefts in discourse, we explore the aspects of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics relevant to the structure and function of all three types of cleft. The discussion falls into three main parts: An analysis of the three cleft types, within the framework of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (cf. Gazdar et al. [1985]), in which particular attention is paid to the variety of constituents that can appear in particular positions in each type. The output of the grammar rules is compared to the examples that occur in the corpus of data. A treatment of cleft presupposition in terms of an analogy (suggested by van der Sandt [1988]) between presupposition and the treatment of pronominal anaphora in Kamp's [1981] Discourse Representation Theory An examination of the range of accentual patterns, presuppositional relations, and information structures typically appearing in clefts of all three kinds. We show that marked distinctions exist between the three cleft types in terms of all these factors, and suggest ways in which this helps to differentiate the range of discourse contexts in which clefts in general, and each cleft type in particular, are appropriate. At the end of the thesis we point to an analogy between the formal model for clefts presented and a psychological model of sentence processing We also suggest how the conclusions regarding both the structure and function of clefts as a class of construction and the distinction between the three types of cleft could be synthesised in a decision procedure for syntactic choice. Finally, we suggest some related areas for further research.
5
Merrill, Julia Carlson. "Focus in the structure of concepts in analytic discourse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3255.
Full textAbstract:
The primary focus of this thesis was to find out what makes workable topic sentences different from inadequate ones. A group of topic sentences was collected from the author's eight grade students and reviewed.
6
Guthrie, Anna Marie. "Quotative tense shift in American English authority-encounter narratives." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/916.
Full text
7
Svärd, Erik. "Discourse Markers in Dardic Languages : Palula ba and ta in a comparative perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-105704.
Full textAbstract:
The present study investigates discourse markers in Dardic languages (Indo-Aryan; Pakistan), focusing on the discourse markers ba and ta in Palula in comparison with other languages of the region, particularly Dameli in which two markers with the same form and similar functions have been observed. The results showed that Palula ba functions as a topic-marker, in addition to other functions, whereas ta only signals subsequence, except in an adversative construction ta... ba. In Dameli, both ba and ta function as topic-markers, in addition to other functions such as ta marking subsequence, and the ta... ba construction functions similarly to Palula. Interestingly, Kalasha and Gawri showed some similarities, as both have a topic-marker surfacing as ta and tä respectively, which can be used in the adversative constructions ta... o and tä... i respectively, both of which have another marker as the second element. No other language in the sample was found to have a construction similar to the ta... ba construction nor a marker similar in form and function to ba, but all have a subsequence marker resembling ta. These results indicated that the Palula markers ba and ta are part of an areal phenomenon encompassing at least the Chitral, Panjkora and Swat valleys, where Palula originally only had the Shina subsequence marker and later adapted the Dameli system into the language.Denna studie undersöker diskursmarkörer i dardiska språk (indoariska; Pakistan) med fokus på diskursmarkörer ba och ta i palula i jämförelse med andra språk i regionen, i synnerhet dameli i vilket två markörer med samma form och liknande funktion har observerats. Resultaten visade att palula ba fungerar som topikmarkör, tillsammans med andra funktioner, medan ta enbart signalerar subsekvens, förutom i den adversativa konstruktionen ta... ba. I dameli fungerar både ba och ta som topikmarkörer, tillsammans med andra funktioner så som att ta markerar subsekvens, och konstruktionen ta... ba fungerar i likhet med palula. Av intresse är att kalasha och gawri uppvisade en del likheter, så som att båda har topikmarkörer i form av respektive ta och tä, vilka kan användas i språkens respektive adversativa konstruktioner ta... o och tä... i, varav båda använder en annan markör för det andra elementet. Inget annat språk i urvalet observerades ha en konstruktion lik ta... ba eller en markör lik ba i form och funktion, men alla har en subsekvensmarkör lik ta. Dessa resultat indikerar att palulas markörer ba och ta är en del av ett arealt fenomen som innefattar åtminstone dalgångarna Chitral, Panjkora och Swat, och att palula ursprungligen enbart hade shinas subsekvensmarkör och därefter integrerade damelis system in i språket.
8
Müller, Torsten. "Football, language and linguistics time-critical utterances in unplanned spoken language, their structures and their relation to non-linguistic situations and events /." Tübingen : Narr, 2007. http://books.google.com/books?id=mlhiAAAAMAAJ.
Full text
9
Akcesme, Ifakat Banu. "Comparative Discourse Analyses Of Gender Constructions In The Novels Of Robert Heinlein, Ursula Le Guin, Joanna Russ And Samuel Delany." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612223/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the gendered discourses in the novels of the writers of different sexes/genders, Robert Heinlein&rsquos Stranger in a Strange Land, Ursula Le Guin&rsquo
s The Left Hand of Darkness, Joanna Russ&rsquo
The Female Man and Samuel Delany`s Trouble on Triton: An Ambiguous Heterotopia. This study investigates how writers linguistically construct their characters as gendered/sexed beings as an effect of certain identity politics, ideologies and power structures. In order to do so, critical discourse analysis is applied to the passages chosen from different parts of the novels under consideration. Moreover, Butler&rsquo
s performativity theory of gender and Foucault&rsquo
s theory of discourse/power/knowledge and his conceptualization of subjectivity are employed in the discursive analyses of the novels. The argument of the study is that there is a close relationship between discourse, ideology and the constitution/representation of gender/sex as contingent on a particular socio-cultural and historical context. This study is based on Butler`s assertion that gender is a doing, a performance, and it is a cultural and ideological construct. Thus, the study shows that writers&rsquo
linguistic choices for the constructions and descriptions of their characters are not ideologically or politically innocent but imbued with socio-cultural and ideological meanings.
10
Lima, Barreto Vitor Hugo. "Discourse analysis of general practice in medical education : a comparative study of undergraduate medical education policy in the UK and Brazil." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10058801/.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Despite increasing research on medical education, the field of medical education policy, including general practice teaching, has been overlooked. Discourse analysis has recently been introduced to investigate education policy in medical education. This research analyses general practice development in undergraduate medical education policy in both the UK and Brazil. In the UK, general practice is consolidated as an academic field of medical knowledge, whilst in Brazil, it is being established. The historical context of the specialty in each country and the participation of general practitioners in medical schools are considered. Two main dimensions of medical education are emphasized: the alignment with health care systems and the outlook for medical care workforce. The aim of this research was to depict the discursive continuities and discontinuities characterizing general practice knowledge in undergraduate medical education policy in two distinctive contexts. Method: Foucauldian discourse analysis was used to investigate the representation of general practice as a field of medical knowledge in undergraduate medical education policy in a comparative study design. This research method offers a critical perspective of power relations in policy documents by exploring what is made thinkable and legitimate. It supports the analysis of the assumptions of truth that delineate the frontiers of general practice. Results: General practice knowledge holds a discursively fragile position in both countries, a consequence of the differences in discursive polarities. The polarities consisted of (a) academic and non-academic knowledge and (b) specialist and non-specialist knowledge in the UK; and (a) public and private health care and (b) generalist and specialist knowledge in Brazil. The similarities included a close relationship between medical education and national health systems. In the UK, the biomedical discourse directs the portrayal of general practice, whereas in Brazil, the counter-discursive element opposed to this biomedical discourse predominates. Conclusion: The predominant discourses in medical education policy places general practice knowledge in a fragile position compared to other medical fields. A policy focused on the reflexive cycle between academy and practice and between general and specific knowledge could help strengthen general practice knowledge in undergraduate medical education. This could produce stronger, more stable and authoritative thinking in this area of medical science.
Books on the topic "Comparative and general Indirect discourse"
1
Florian, Coulmas, ed. Direct and indirect speech. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1986.
Find full text
2
Rosier, Laurence. Le discours rapporté: Histoire, théories, pratiques. Paris: Duculot, 1999.
Find full text
3
What is said: A theory of indirect speech reports. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.
Find full text
4
Desoutter, Cécile, and Caroline Mellet. Le discours rapporté: Approches linguistiques et perspectives didactiques. New York: Peter Lang, 2013.
Find full text
5
Vincent, Diane. Le discours rapporté au quotidien. [Québec]: Nuit blanche, 1997.
Find full text
6
Fatima, El Mankouch, ed. Quelques stratégies énonciatives, argumentatives et notionnelles dans des discours rapportés de la presse écrite. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1996.
Find full text
7
Zwischen direkter und indirekter Rede: Nichtwörtliche direkte Rede, erlebte Rede, logophorische Konstruktionen und Verwandtes. Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1988.
Find full text
8
Elke, Harweg, and Canisius Peter 1951-, eds. Sekundäre Unbestimmtheit: Studien zu einer universellen Sonderform der Redewiedergabe. Aachen: Shaker, 2003.
Find full text
9
Nordqvist, Åsa. Speech about speech: A developmental study on form and function of direct and indirect speech : doctoral dissertation. [Göteborg, Sweden]: Dept. of Linguistics, Göteborg University, 2001.
Find full text
10
Calaresu, Emilia. Testuali parole: La dimensione pragmatica e testuale del discorso riportato. Milano: F. Angeli, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Comparative and general Indirect discourse"
1
"Indirect Expropriation: A Comparative Approach." In General Principles of Law and International Investment Arbitration, 429–53. Brill | Nijhoff, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004368385_019.
Full text
2
Gandin, Stefania. "Tourism Promotion and Disability." In Innovative Perspectives on Tourism Discourse, 55–73. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2930-9.ch004.
Full textAbstract:
This study illustrates the preliminary results of a corpus-based analysis aimed at discovering the main linguistic features characterising the promotion of tourism for special-needs travellers. Even if accessible tourism represents an important sector in the market, not only for its social and moral importance but also for its strong economic potential, detailed research on the linguistic properties of tourism for disabled people is still rather limited and mainly tends to focus on the problems of physical access rather than considering the ways to improve its promotional strategies. Through a comparative corpus-based analysis, this paper will investigate the relevant linguistic features of a corpus of promotional materials advertising holidays and tourist services for the disabled, and relate them to the communicative strategies of two other corpora dedicated to the standard and translational language of tourism. The aim of this research is to show how mainstream tourism discourse still considers disability as a taboo topic, mostly ignoring or vaguely mentioning it in the general promotion of tourist destinations. The study will also attempt to suggest new linguistic and social attitudes aimed at stylistically improving and further including the accessible tourism sector within the overall tourism promotion.
3
Busse, Beatrix. "Narrative Progression and Characterization." In Speech, Writing, and Thought Presentation in 19th-Century Narrative Fiction, 165–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190212360.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The seventh chapter focuses on the functional interplay between passages of narration that interplay with the different modes of discourse presentation. It shows how this interplay is linguistically realized in 19th-century fiction and which functional potential it has for narrative progression and characterization. The discussion focuses on (a) the lexico-grammatical variety of reporting verbs that accompany direct and indirect forms of speech, writing, and thought presentation; (b) paralinguistic narration describing mime, gesture, and body movement as well as moments of silence; and (c) foregrounded occurrences of passages of visual narration and discourse presentation. With particular grammatical, syntactic, and pragmatic patterns priming narrative stretches, readers are able to identify them and use them as anchor points for the processing of the narrative in general. Via recourse to quantitative methodology such as the identification of keywords, the chapter further presents some conclusions about particular 19th-century strategies of world creation.
4
Anthony, Sabrina Mercy, and Weiyu Zhang. "Alternative Tweeting." In Handbook of Research on Citizen Engagement and Public Participation in the Era of New Media, 324–43. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1081-9.ch018.
Full textAbstract:
The 2011 Singapore General Election was a watershed election that saw an unprecedented amount of political discourse on social media. It also marked the first time Twitter was used on a large-scale for political communication in Singapore. Interestingly, political discourse on Twitter was found to be different from other online media. This study drew upon framing theories to investigate the alternative frames in Twitter's public discourse about the elections. Using framing analysis a comparative study was carried out between the framing of the general elections in Twitter's public discourse and Singapore's government-regulated mainstream newspaper, The Straits Times. Consistent with previous findings, the study found that election coverage in both Twitter and the mainstream newspaper used game metaframing. However, Twitter and the mainstream newspaper used different subframes, where subframes in Twitter provided an alternative narrative to the official rhetoric in the mainstream newspaper.
5
Penteado, Claudio Luis de Camargo, Eva Campos-Domínguez, Patrícia Dias dos Santos, Denise Hideko Goya, Mario Mangas Núñez, and Mónica Melero Lázaro. "Discourse and Disinformation on COVID-19 Vaccination in Spain and Brazil." In Contemporary Politics, Communication, and the Impact on Democracy, 279–306. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8057-8.ch015.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter addresses the creation of political conflict on Twitter in a comparative study between Brazil and Spain. Based on an analysis of the political debate on dealing with two countries' health crises, it analyses the most retweeted messages published during the first week of vaccination in Europe and the Americas. Firstly, it analysed the general characteristics of the online debate on the immunisation of COVID-19. Secondly, it carried out an analysis of information disorder in each country. Although governmental positions in both countries are opposed, the results allow establishing common patterns of polarized profiles in both countries that question the management of the pandemic. It can be seen how political polarization is shaped as a characteristic of disinformation in both countries. That reveals that, after the health crisis, there is a crisis of democratic institutions that impact public health actions, but specifically to combat COVID-19.
6
Werneck Arguelhes, Diego. "Transformative Constitutionalism." In The Global South and Comparative Constitutional Law, 165–89. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850403.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
The Brazilian experience with a transformative constitution and an empowered constitutional court has so far been mixed. This chapter uses the case of Brazil to draw three sets of lessons. First, courts are part of the broader arrangement of government institutions which are shaped by elections over time; these dynamics may lead to mismatches between blueprints for constitutional transformation, over time and across different actors and institutions. In Brazil, such a mismatch initially led to the Supreme Court resisting the broad transformative mandate it had received in the new constitutional text. Second, a change in how courts describe their transformative mandate in their decisions is a poor measure of actual change in how they perform their role. Third, while judicial decisions might not be enough to transform existing patterns of inequality, they can still positively change the court’s standing before the public, in general, and scholars in particular. This scenario might lead courts to fashion an optical illusion: judges might choose cases with transformative potential and issue rulings requiring major, structural changes in the way the government deals with certain issues, only to refrain from following up on what happens after these decisions are taken. They reap the benefits of being associated with transformative discourse and move on to the next issue, leaving the status quo largely undisturbed. For these reasons, while the Brazilian experiment with transformative constitutionalism has not necessarily been unsuccessful, it should not be read as a success case of ‘court-centric’ approach to transformative constitutionalism when it comes to social rights and material inequality.
7
Deligiorgi, Alexandra. "Education without Truth in Postmodern Perspectivism." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 84–91. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia19986138.
Full textAbstract:
Poststructuralist relativism, following the Nietzschean critique of Western rationalism, denounces the quest for truth as a quest to legitimize various claims on the level of universal human value, by covering up the indirect coercion of their discourse or imagery. Using perspectivism as an argument against philosophical grounding of various patterns and schemes, post-modern thinkers, under the influence of Poststructuralist relativism, try to depart from the cognitivist tradition by transforming philosophical thought to an edifying discipline (Rorty) or learning (Lyotard) liberated from a theory of knowledge, and giving into a discourse of literary or prosy character. I argue that post-modern perspectivism and the individualistic or collectivistic logic which nurtures its scope can be transcended through construction of hyperperspectivistic prisms based on alogic of interrelation animated by the interdisciplinarian spirit prevailing in the field of modern science. This latter serves as the leading thread for the foundation of a new canonicity which, without losing its historical and cultural character, can make claims to truth and validity of general acceptance. The hyperspectivistic canonicity deriving from such an interrelational logic is in a position to animate a new educational model capable of overcoming both idealistic and romantic versions of Bildung.
8
Yi, Wang. "Duress and Exploitation in Chinese Contract Law." In Invalidity, 49–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192859341.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter gives a general overview of the doctrines of duress and exploitation in Chinese contract law. Section II handles the vitiating factor of duress, including an introduction to the relevant legislation and its constituent elements. Section III deals with the vitiating factor of exploitation, comprising a review of a recent substantial change in the law and its constituent elements. Section IV describes the aggrieved party’s power of rescission, which is the direct consequence of both duress and exploitation. Section V lays out rules on the ‘exclusion period’, a time limit restricting the exercise of the power of rescission. Section VI elaborates the indirect consequences of both duress and exploitation after a contract is so rescinded, namely restitution, indemnification, and compensation. The chapter finishes with a comparatively long conclusion which engages with a number of the hypothetical scenarios drawn up by the editors of this volume with a view to facilitating comparative observations.
9
Hirschl, Ran. "The Sound of Constitutional Silence." In City, State, 17–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922771.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines four introductory dimensions of the political and constitutional discourse around cities. The first is the tremendous interest in cities throughout much of the human sciences as contrasted with the silence of public law in general, and of comparative constitutional law in particular. Next, the chapter takes a look at the dominant statist stance embedded in constitutional law, in particular as it addresses sovereignty and spatial governance of the polity. A brief account of what national constitutions actually say about cities, and more significantly what they do not is then given. Finally, the chapter turns to the tendency in political discourse on collective identity to understand the “local” almost exclusively at the national or regional levels, rather than distinguishing urban interests from those of the state. Taken together, the four angles of city constitutional (non)status examined here highlight the bewildering silence of contemporary constitutional discourse with respect to cities and urbanization, as well as the strong statist outlook embedded in national constitutional orders, effectively rendering the metropolis a constitutionally non-tenable entity.
10
Rosemary Teele Langford, Dr. "Consequences of Breach." In Company Directors’ Duties and Conflicts of Interest. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813668.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides an outline of the consequences of breach of the duties discussed in this book and, in particular, of the duty to avoid conflicts (the conflicts rule) at general law and under statute. This includes discussion of third party liability based on the rule in Barnes v Addy, which may be very valuable in certain circumstances. It highlights the available remedies, as well as issues arising in the framing and application of the remedies. It also draws attention to the role played by the unfair prejudice (or oppression) remedy in relation to directors’ conflicts. Given that this remedy is favoured by shareholders, and that a number of unfair prejudice cases concern directors’ conflicts, it is important to outline its contours. Indirect enforcement, and any significant differences in enforcement mechanisms between the jurisdictions, will be considered. The chapter does not provide a comprehensive outline in relation to all remedies or the detail of every aspect of the remedies discussed. There is, at times, clear divergence between the application of certain remedies in different jurisdictions—a complete and comprehensive comparative critical analysis of remedies would fill an entire book on its own.
Conference papers on the topic "Comparative and general Indirect discourse"
1
Lahodová, Marie. "Speech acts of request and apology realised by Czech students of English as a foreign language: Selected findings of a pilot study." In Eighth Brno Conference on Linguistics Studies in English. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9767-2020-6.
Full textAbstract:
During the second half of the 20th century, there was a shift in focus in second-language-acquisition research from linguistic competence to communicative and pragmatic competence (Hymes 1972, Canale & Swain 1980, Bachman 1990, Bachman & Palmer 1996, Usó-Juan & Martínez-Flor 2006). This resulted in a growing number of studies on speech acts in general. Motivated by a lack of studies on the speech acts of apology in conversations of Czech learners of English as a foreign language, my study aims to shed light on request and apology strategies used by Czech university students. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a pilot investigation into the speech acts of apology and request. The first aim of the study is to compare two data collection techniques: the open-ended written discourse completion task (DCT) and the oral production task (OPT). The second aim is to investigate the use of request and apology strategies by Czech learners of English. The findings suggest that both of the data collection techniques produced very similar data. In terms of requests, most respondents opted for a conventional indirect strategy. In terms of apologies, respondents opted for statements of remorse, offers of repair and account.
2
Önder, Begüm Aylin. "Using the Concept of “Social Distancing” in Advertising Designs: A Comparative Analysis." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.009.
Full textAbstract:
Corporate social responsibility is one of the activities that goes beyond philanthropy, based on volunteerism in line with the responsibilities of enterprises towards society. This concept, which offers businesses the opportunity to look after and develop their brand image in the eyes of society, has become a necessity, not a choice, especially in today's world. In order to meet social expectations, the effectiveness of static and dynamic advertising messages implemented in all social benefit-based studies for human development such as environment, health and education is very important in terms of ensuring audience communication. In the second half of 2019, people were confined to homes and life came to a standstill all over the world in order to reduce and prevent the impact of the pandemic within the scope of the “New Type Corona Virus” (COVID-19) measures, which are from the sars-cov-2 coronavirus family, which is spreading rapidly globally starting from Wohan, Hubei Province, China. As a basic protection module for humanity against corona virus, it has incorporated the concept of social distancing into their lives in order to reduce the contact of staying at home and increasing hygiene, except in mandatory situations. During this extraordinary period, many brands on a global scale have included the concept of “social distance” in their advertising messages with the awareness of corporate social responsibility and have started to inform and educate the community about this issue by emphasizing the importance of the process. Within the scope of this research, advertising designs prepared by brands acting with corporate social responsibility awareness through the concept of social distancing during the Pandemic period were discussed and how the meaning structures behind the messages were created and transmitted. The research is limited to 3 (three) advertising designs determined by the 'judicial sampling' method (selective method). In the sample of the study, advertising narratives of brands in different sectors were explained in general framework and similar and different aspects of messages were uncovered by performing comparative analysis between messages in line with the findings obtained from the narratives. In this context, it was determined that the contrasts of “pessimism and optimism, hope and despair, happiness and unhappiness, death and life, strong and powerless, youth and old age, unity/togetherness and separation, struggle and defeat, nature and culture” were constructed as the main discourse.
3
Zheleva-Terzieva, Donka. "THE FORMATIVE ROLE OF ACTIVE SPORTS ACTIVITY FOR THE MORAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/115.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The general goal of family and educational environment is to prepare the rising generation for public practice by gaining social experience and building a moral culture of behavior. Although they are different, both institutions are responsible for the upbringing of children. Part of the extracurricular work in physical education and sport are also sports activities organized and conducted by sports clubs in a certain type of sport. The article conducts a study on the impact of training and sports competition activities on the formation of morally responsible behavior in adolescent football players. Certain indicators are derived from each criterion being analyzed in order to determine the moral status of the contestants. The methods of pedagogical research discourse, inquiry, and expert evaluation, applied to two age groups (total respondents – 280 competitors, 22 coaches, 18 referees, and 4 football delegates) during the football championship 7 of the 2021/22 sports competition year in Stara Zagora region. The opinion of the coaches and delegates, the actions of the referees regarding disciplinary control, the behavior of the players before the start, during, and after the end of football matches, numbering 300, have been examined. The statistical methods for processing empirical data for the purpose of analyzing and presenting the results of the study are variational, cor-relational, comparative, and descriptive analyses, Van der Waerden test, and processing of textual information from matches played. The results obtained found positive and statistically analyzed changes in the behavior of the contestants according to the criteria and indicators studied and prove the formative impact of active sports activity on the moral culture of the personality. The inquiry analysis carried out by place of residence shows that the research effect on the behavior of contestants has greater values for those living in larger cities.
4
Mueller-Eckhardt, C. "A SURVEY OF THE CLINICAL EFFICACY OF RETICULOENDOTHELIAL BLOCKADE EMPHASIZING INTRAVENOUS IgG AND ANTI-RH(D) GLOBULIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644760.
Full textAbstract:
"Blockade" of the RES is the maj0or therapeutic principle in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP) and related conditions. It can be accomplished by a number of possibilities which include, first, removal of the main sequestration site of antibody-sensitized platelets (i.e. splenectomy), or, second, functional "modulation" of the phagocytic capacity of the RES. The latter is achieved by either "unspecific" or "specific" means. "Unspecific" means are defined as being operative via a mechanism in which apparantly no immunological reactants are involved, while "specific" means comprise the direct or indirect participation of antibodies and/or immune complexes. "Unspecific" means are the injection of red blood cell (RBC) stroma (SHULMAN et al, 1965) or heat-treated RBC (PREIS et al, 1980). "Specific" means seem to be effective during the course of some patients with acute viral infections as mirrored in spontaneous remissions of thrombocytopenia, and by treatment with high doses of human IgG (HDIgG) (IMBACH et al, 1981) or with anti-D (SALAMA et al, 1983). Until now more than 30 studies on the efficacy of HDIgG have appeared describing now over 600 patients. Most IgG preparations for intravenous use on the market have been used. Although they differ in their content of di- and polymers and the integrity of their Fc portion they all seem to be effective. Pepsin-treated IgG, however, is not. A response rate to HDIgG of approximately 60-70% of AITP patients is usually seen with the platelet peak between day 5-10 post infusions; the effect is always transitory. The mechanism(s) of HDIgG is (are) still obscure. Since pepsin-treated IgG is ineffective the Fc portion of IgG seems indispensable. Interference with Fc-IgG receptors of the RES by HDIgG via Fc receptor blocking antibodies or via immune complexes is at present the most likely explanation. Coating of autologous RBC by anti-D antibodies is an alternative way for RES "blockade". It is similarly effective in AITP as HDIgG, but, unlike HDIgG, much more in unsplenectomized than in splenectomized patients. Its mechanism is dependent on antibody-coating of RBC, since Rh (D)-negative recipients are unresponsive to anti-D, but responsive to anti-c. Comparative studies of RES clearance of racdio-actively labelled aggregated albumin have shown that the clearance of liver uptake is significantly increased by HDIgG, but not by anti-D, although their influence on the platelet count is similar. This speaks in favor of a more general effect of HDIgG on the RES, whereas anti-D is Fc-receptor dependent. The clinical efficacy and conceivable mechanisms of these recent treatment modalities will be discussed.
Reports on the topic "Comparative and general Indirect discourse"
1
Melnyk, Olesia. MEDIA DISCOURSE AROUND THE FIGURE OF ORIANA FALLACHI AND HER JOURNALISM DURING 2017–2020. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11114.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the media discourse around the figure of Oriana Fallachi and her journalistic work during 2017-2020. The actual media image of the figure of Fallachi is highlighted, examples of positive and negative statements are given. It is substantiated why her journalism should be researched in various ways, taking into account other aspects of her work that are not related to Islamophobia. The subject of the study is critical texts in modern foreign media dedicated to the author’s work. The objective of the study is to outline the media discourse around the figure of Oriana Fallaci and her journalism during 2017-2020. The methodology. The following methods have been used in the process of scientific research: historical, comparative, systems analysis, content synthesis, and others. The main results. In total, we have analyzed eight materials in foreign publications, published over the past 3 years, as well as the two most famous biographies of Oriana Fallaci. Some of the most recent reviewed texts have been published in the last few months, reflecting the interest in the author’s journalism, her writing, and reporting. Therefore, we see the need for further tracking and analysis of this body of texts. Conclusions. Critics of Fallaci express polar views that are not all negative. Authors recommend quite cautiously her texts for reading, emphasizing their positive aspects. Both Fallaci’s biographies are also not entirely complementary: some aspects of her work are glorified, others are condemned. We managed to find general tendencies in the criticism of Oriana Fallaci’s journalism. These include accusations of xenophobia and Islamophobia, uncompromisingness, lack of political correctness, and moral value. The authors emphasize, at the same time, the openness and directness that bribe the reader, patriotism and honesty, strength of spirit and firmness of position. Significance of the research. The analysis of the latest criticism reveals what kind of media image Fallachi’s figure has today, and gives the possibility to research it for demonization and one-sided coverage. This is important not only for thorough research of the author’s work but also for understanding how the modern world perceives journalism, which is contrary to the generally accepted principles of political correctness, journalistic ethics, and humanity.
2
Khan, Mahreen. Evaluating External Government Audit. Institute of Development Studies, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.140.
Full textAbstract:
This rapid literature review of primary and grey sources found substantial evidence of the merits of donor support to Public Financial Management (PFM) initiatives but no specific evidence assessing donor support for external government audit, such as Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs). PFM reforms are established as being generally beneficial, assist in reducing or preventing corruption, increasing transparency and accountability, as well as improving service delivery quality, although the exact impacts are difficult to measure. Performance auditing has recently attracted more attention than traditional financial or compliance auditing and is seen by many sources to be conducive to improving accountability, although compliance and financial auditing are still viewed as the core of external audit. There is a substantial body of literature on donor-assisted PFM reforms but a paucity of focused study or discussion of donor support to external audit specifically. This evidence gap may be due to the cost of examining the narrow focus required on donor-assisted external audit specifically. This is compounded by the complexity of gathering a sufficiently large database through surveys combined with the lack of access (for individual academics) to official datasets across countries. Furthermore, measuring the impact of SAIs, for example, is difficult due to the variety of regulatory structures that exist, inhibiting comparative cross-country studies, which has resulted in a preference for in-depth analyses. Only multilateral institutions have conducted comprehensive cross-country surveys. However, the evidence does show that strengthened PFM systems and SAIs,1 if they are independent and fully resourced, increase transparency and accountability, helping to combat corruption, when governments are made answerable to their audit findings. The evidence on the effectiveness of SAIs (against corruption) is mixed and not as strong as for PFM reforms in general. The impact of PFM interventions in preventing or reducing corruption increases when reforms are sector-specific and complemented by societal awareness initiatives, citizen participation, and infomediary advocacy. This finding seems applicable to SAIs as the discourse is increasingly on improving comprehension of audit reports and wider dissemination to relevant stakeholders.