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Angulu, Elizabeth Mama. "Componential analysis of Hausa verbs of motion : markedness and deixis /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1985. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10584869.
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Ferrari, Natália Luísa 1988. "A relevância referencial da dêixis discursiva na interação entre sujeitos afásicos e não afásicos : intersubjetividade e remissão anafórica." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270614.
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Orientador: Edwiges Maria MoratoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho busca caracterizar o funcionamento da dêixis discursiva (DD), criadora de um foco de atenção comum pela remissão anafórica a conteúdos contextuais (Marcuschi, 1997; Cavalcante, 2003), em interações entre sujeitos afásicos (sujeitos com alterações de linguagem decorrentes de episódios neurológicos) e não afásicos participantes do Centro de Convivência de Afásicos (CCA) da UNICAMP. Nosso interesse nesse contexto interativo deve-se à abordagem do processo dêitico e do anafórico feita pela Afasiologia Linguística: a produtividade do primeiro é considerada uma estratégia meramente compensatória para o déficit de seleção lexical dos sujeitos afásicos (Lehrer, 1974 apud Varley, 1993; Crystal, 1984; Goodglass, 1993), ao passo que o segundo, associado à ideia de continuidade referencial restrita à coindexação um termo ao seu antecedente explícito, é tomado como uma operação cognitiva perturbada em decorrência da lesão cerebral (Caplan e Rigalleau, 2004; Edwards e Varlokosta, 2007). Concebendo os processos referenciais tal como o fazem os estudos textuais-interativos de orientação sociocognitivista (Marcuschi, 2001; Koch, 2002; Mondada e Dubois 2003 [1995]), tivemos por objetivo: i) analisar a função dêitica e a anafórica da DD, atentando para as semelhanças e diferenças entre sujeitos afásicos e não afásicos, e ii) qualificar o funcionamento desse processo referencial no contexto de fala em interação escolhido a partir de seus aspectos característicos observados. Para cumprir tais objetivos, constituímos um corpus de 10 episódios conversacionais dos quais participam afásicos e não afásicos, pela observação de registros audiovisuais de 22 encontros do grupo e da seleção e transcrição de fragmentos conversacionais, baseada no sistema de notação proposto por Morato et al (2011). Esse sistema, que destaca a multimodalidade característica da fala em interação, nos permitiu observar a atuação de recursos verbais e não verbais na construção referencial. Observamos a ampla emergência da DD por dêiticos demonstrativos em função substantiva, especialmente na fala dos sujeitos afásicos, ao passo que na dos não afásicos, houve a presença de nomes conceituais na expressão referencial dêitica. Nesse processo, também compareceram recursos indiciais não verbais, tais como o gesto de apontar e o direcionamento corporal e do olhar, conforme já observara Vezali (2011), cuja carência descritiva não lhes retira a função de referir, mas qualifica a complexidade da referenciação da DD, responsável por chamar a atenção para elementos relevantes do cenário (Hanks, 2008). Além disso, ao contribuir para a construção do foco discursivo, a DD atua na construção argumentativa e tópica do texto conversacional
Abstract: The present study aims to characterize the referential process of Discourse Deixis (DD), which creates a common attention focus through anaphoric remission to contextual contents (Marcuschi, 1997; Cavalcante, 2003), in interactions between aphasics (brain damaged individuals with language difficulties) and non-aphasics that participate in the weekly meetings of the Aphasics Community Center (ACC). Our interest in that interactive context is due to the Linguistic Aphasiology¿s approach to the deictic and anaphoric processes in aphasic speech: the productivity of the former is considered a merely compensatory strategy for the aphasic lexical access deficit (Lehrer, 1974 apud Varley, 1993; Crystal, 1984; Goodglass, 1993), whereas the latter, due to the idea of correferentiality restrict to the coindexation of a certain item to its explicit antecedent, is taken as a cognitive operation disturbed by the brain injury (Caplan e Rigalleau, 2004; Edwards e Varlokosta, 2007). Adopting the Sociocognitive Textual Linguistics conception of referential processes (Marcuschi, 2001; Koch, 2002; Mondada e Dubois 2003 [1995]), our main goals were: i) to analyze the deictic and anaphoric functions which characterize DD and ii) qualify the usage of that referential process in talk-in-interaction considering its characteristics in the chosen context. In order to achieve those goals, we constituted a corpus composed by 10 aphasic and non-aphasic interaction episodes, by the observation of the audiovisual records of 22 CCA meetings, selection and transcription of conversational excerpts, based on the notation system proposed by Morato et al (2011) which highlights the multimodality which characterizes talk-in-interaction. That allowed us to observe how verbal and nonverbal resources took part of referential construction. We could observe the emergence of DD by demonstrative deictics in substantive function, especially in aphasic speech, whereas in non-aphasic speech there was also the presence of conceptual names in the deictic referential expression. In this process there were also nonverbal indexical resources such as pointing and body and eye directing, as Vezali (2011) had already observed, which lack of descriptive information didn't take the referential function away but qualified its complexity instead, since DD is responsible for highlighting relevant elements of the setting (Hanks 2008). Furthermore, by contributing to the discourse focus construction, DD acts in the argumentative and discourse topic construction of the conversational text
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestra em Linguística
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Demers, Monique. "Statut prosodique de la particule discursive "la" en français québécois /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Mémoire (M.Ling.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992.Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique de l'Unniversité Laval extensionné à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 113-117. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Costa, Sandra Batista da 1965. "Da Silva & e Silva = duas trajetórias políticas, duas personas : o emprego de dêixis de primeira pessoa em discurso de palanque." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270423.
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Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudo da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho investiga o modo de fala de dois políticos, a saber, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva. O primeiro, ex-presidente do Brasil, o segundo ex-governador do Paraná. Analisa-se o emprego dos pronomes de primeira pessoa utilizados, nos discursos proferidos em palanque político, pelos dois "agentes". Para tanto, procura-se observar: (i) se houve, no decorrer da trajetória política, variação no modo de fala de cada um dos políticos e (ii) se o emprego dos dêiticos de 1ª pessoa, utilizados por um e por outro, revelam diferentes estilos linguísticos e se isso resulta de um processo de construção de personas públicas. O corpus selecionado para análise é composto por discursos integrais e excertos de vários discursos proferidos em comícios eleitorais, tanto por um quanto por outro político, nas décadas de 80, 90 e anos 2000. Esse corpus foi recortado de modo a realizar a análise apenas dos discursos proferidos por Lula, nas campanhas de 1989, 2006 e 2008 e por Requião, nas campanhas de 1990 e 2006. Para elucidar o contexto de realização do discurso de palanque, busca-se descrever o comício eleitoral, recorrendo, sobretudo, a pressupostos de Palmeira e Heredia (1995) e Barreira (1998), que consideram o comício como um ritual de configuração da representação política. O percurso de Lula foi descrito com base no estudo de Paraná (2008), que traça uma trajetória da família da Silva, delineando a transformação que se operou na vida de Lula, a partir da participação do político no movimento sindical. Também se utiliza o trabalho de Resende (2007) para recuperar a trajetória de Roberto Requião. A autora analisa traços genealógicos e a carreira do político, investigando, no período de 1982 a 2006, a ação política desse "agente". Para avaliar os contrastes entre os modos de fala dos dois políticos, são utilizados, como embasamento, os pressupostos de Bourdieu (2007) e de Irvine (2001) acerca do princípio da "distintividade" na linguagem. Os papéis discursivos indicados pelos pronomes de 1ª pessoa, em função dêitica, foram descritos com base nos estudos realizados por Ilari et al. (2002). A noção de "campo dêitico", delineada por Hanks (2008), mostra-se relevante para elucidar que o processo de referenciação dêitica integra-se à prática comunicativa realizada no palanque político. O resultado deste estudo, com base nos dados investigados, demonstra que: (i) ocorreu, ao longo da trajetória de Lula, variação no modo de fala, realizado em palanque, o que não se observa na trajetória de Requião; (ii) o emprego de dêiticos de 1ª pessoa, no discurso de palanque, revela a distinção entre o modo de fala desses políticos, assim como indica a constituição distintiva de personas representativas. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para os estudos textuais-discursivos e campos que investigam o estilo. A metodologia adotada contempla procedimentos que contribuem com o campo da Sociolinguística
Abstract: In this work, we seek to investigate the speech of two politicians: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva (the first one, former President of Brazil; the second one, former Governor of the State of Paraná). We analyze the use of first-person pronouns applied in speeches made by both agents, in soapbox. For this purpose, we try to observe: (i) if there was a variation in the speech of each one of the politicians; (ii) if the use of first-person deictic, applied by each one of them, reveals different linguistic styles and if it results from a process of constructing public personas. The corpus selected for analysis is composed of full speeches and excerpts from several speeches delivered at election rallies, by both politicians, during the 80s, 90s and 2000. This corpus was cut out to make an analysis just on the speeches delivered by Lula at campaigns in 1989, 2006 and 2008, and by Requião, at campaigns in 1990 and 2006. In order to elucidate the context of realizing the soapbox, we seek to describe election rallies, making use, especially, of Palmeira e Heredia's (1995) and Barreira's (1998) assumptions, who consider the rally as a ritual of shaping the political representation. The trajectory of Lula is described based on Parana's study (2008), who has drawn Da Silva family's path, outlining the transformation which happened to Lula's life, from his participation in the Trade Union movement. We also use Resende's work (2007), in order to recover the trajectory of Roberto Requião. The author has analyzed his genealogical characteristics and political career, by investigating this agent's political action, from 1982 through 2006. With the purpose of analyzing the contrast between the speeches of both politicians, we use, as a basis, Bourdieu's (2007) and Irvine's (2001) assumptions, concerning the principle of distinctiveness in the language. The discursive roles indicated by the first-person pronouns, with a deictic function, were described based on the studies conducted by Ilari et al (2002). The notion of deictic field, outlined by Hanks (2008), has been relevant to prove that the deictic differentiation process is integrated into the communicative practice which takes place in the soapbox. The result of this study has demonstrated that (i) throughout Lula's trajectory, a variation in his soapbox speech has happened, what is not observed in Requião's trajectory; (ii) the use of first-person deictics at soapbox reveals the distinction between the speeches of these two politicians and also indicates the distinctive nature of representative personas. This work presents contributions to the textual-discursive studies and fields which investigate the style. The adopted methodology contemplates procedures which contribute to the field of sociolinguistics
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Smith, Wanda. "Formaliteit in bedryfstekste met verwysing na bepaalde grammatikale veranderlikes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1135.
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Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.This study about formality in business texts is situated within the field of document design. For this reason, the definition of formality and the operasionalisation thereof in business texts are approached from a functional framework, which can lead to the realisation of useful guidelines to text producers based on the conclusions drawn from the research. With these guidelines, informed decisions can be made about formality in texts. In this study formality is defined and operasionalised in terms of the two notions context (in)dependency and deixis. Formality and deixis both involve distance. Greater distance between die text/writer and the reader or interlocutors mutually is associated with a higher degree of formality. On the other hand, a higher frequency deictic referential words such as personal pronouns (you, he, we, they), adverbs of place (here, there), direction (forwards, outside) and time (just now, only just, at present) implies a shorter social and spatio-temporal distance, and therefore a higher degree of informality. The reason for this is that deictic referential words (you, here, outside, now) and the reference to which such words refer should be deduced from the context immediately in order for the message to be understood unambiguously. For this reason, deictic referential words are context dependent in this study and because the context is immediately available and the distance thus shorter, these words are markers of informality. On the other hand, nondeictic referential words imply a greater distance and therefore a higher degree of formality. Grammatical variables that possibly have an effect on the degree of formality in annual reports and brochures, such as nouns, objective and subjective adjectives, verbs and pronouns, are divided in terms of their context dependence or context independence into one of two categories, namely a nondeictic category that is associated with context independence and formality, or a deictic category that is associated with context dependence and informality. Based on the frequencies of the various language variables in the two categories (context independent, nondeictic category and context dependent, deictic category) an empirical measure of formality is proposed with which formality (F-index) can be measured in Afrikaans business texts. Although the proposed measure should be refined, the study illustrates, among others, that the measure exhibits the capacity to point out variation based on differences in formality between the text types. The study further indicates that advice based on intuition should be regarded with caution. A survey aimed at readers showed that variables such as subject, tone, style, word choice and language usage play a greater role in the evaluation of the degree of formality of texts than grammatical variables such as the passive voice. In conclusion, the study gives clear guidelines as to how the language variables that were part of this study should be dealt with and in a sense be manipulated to ensure a suitable degree of formality of a text and thus the effective transfer of communication.
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Correia, Aurineide Profírio Barros. "A Dêixis na construção de sentidos em comentários alusivos ao nordeste: um estudo enunciativo em sites esportivos e suas implicações no ensino de língua portuguesa." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/1012.
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This work, of qualitative nature, exploratory measures, based on study of case aims to analyze the dêixis in the construction of meaning in comments alluding to the Northeast on sports sites. It is based on the ennunciative perspective of language supported on the theory of Enunciation of Émile Benveniste. To this aim, we examined six comments that allude to the Northeast, running sports sites, watching as the dêiticos elements, in their personal, spatial and temporal levels contribute to the representation of subjectivity in the language, since these elements are interpreted with reference to the situation may include and refer to anything linguistic, not exclusively referring to an object or concept. It is relevant to highlight that Benveniste foccused on a strand of analysis of language in use, in action, in his example, dimension and this peculiarity directed our attention to the implications of this design language in the teaching of Portuguese Language, in which the text assumes an active role of building directions, requiring the interaction of their interlocutors. In this understanding, the design of Benveniste about the study of the language implies a relationship that justifies the use of, or the choice of certain words in speech by a guy, revealing, in your semantic aspect the establishment of the relationship of the signs with the conditions of an utterance, that determines the meaning in the light of oppositions imposed within the linguistic system and outside it. Benveniste stresses the dêixis (personal, spatial and temporal) as explicit brand relative to the subject with the statement, highlighting that these elements relate to the reality of speech and can only be identified in terms of locution, involving the relations of subjectivity that comprise locutor and a alocutario stabilished for him. The analysis of the data revealed that the meaning of an utterance is given by the possibility of sintagmatics choices made by a locutor that appropriates the language and sets out its position of subject when self declares "I" and set up a "you" in a given discursive space and time. Understanding the actions of these brands in the comments analyzed provides a reflection on the language in use and its mediation, providing ways to conceive the language and its methodological implications in the teaching of Portuguese Language.
Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, baseado em estudo de caso, tem por objetivo analisar a dêixis no processo de construção de sentidos em comentários alusivos ao Nordeste em sites esportivos. Apoia-se na perspectiva enunciativa da linguagem e tem como base a Teoria da Enunciação de Émile Benveniste. Para tanto, analisamos seis comentários que fazem alusão ao Nordeste, veiculados em sites esportivos, observando como os elementos dêiticos, em seus níveis pessoal, espacial e temporal contribuem para a representação da subjetividade na linguagem, visto que esses elementos são interpretados com referência à situação enunciativa e referem-se a algo exclusivamente linguístico, não remetendo a um objeto ou conceito específico. Faz-se relevante destacar que Benveniste deteve-se em uma vertente de análise da língua em uso, em ação, em sua dimensão enunciativa, e essa peculiaridade direcionou nosso olhar para as implicações dessa concepção linguística no ensino da Língua Portuguesa, na qual o texto assume um papel ativo de construção de sentidos, necessitando da interação de seus interlocutores. Nesse entendimento, a concepção benvenistiana do estudo da língua implica estabelecer uma relação que justifique o uso ou a escolha de determinadas palavras assumidas no discurso por um sujeito, revelando, em seu aspecto semântico o estabelecimento da relação dos signos com as condições de um enunciado, que determina a significação em função de oposições instituídas no interior do sistema linguístico e exterior a ele. Benveniste destaca a dêixis (pessoal, espacial e temporal) como marca explícita da relação do sujeito com o enunciado, evidenciando que esses elementos referem-se à realidade do discurso e só podem ser identificados em termos de locução, envolvendo, assim, as relações de subjetividade que compreendem locutor e um alocutário por ele instituído. A análise dos dados revelou que o sentido de um enunciado se dá pela possibilidade das escolhas sintagmáticas agenciadas por um locutor que se apropria da língua e enuncia a sua posição de sujeito ao declarar-se “eu” e instaurar um “tu” em um determinado espaço e tempo discursivo. O entendimento enunciativo dessas marcas nos comentários analisados proporciona uma reflexão sobre a língua em uso e a sua mediação, possibilitando modos de se conceber a linguagem e suas implicações metodológicas no ensino da Língua Portuguesa.
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Boivin, Marguerite. "Le marqueur ça : énonciation et discours /." Thèse, Québec : Université Laval, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992.Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique extensionné de l'Université Laval à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [81]-86. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Padovani, Micheline Tacia de Brito. "Dêiticos discursivos: um olhar multicultural em Pepetela." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20169.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work is part of the Research Line History and Description of the Portuguese Language of the Program of Postgraduate Studies in Portuguese Language of PUC / SP. It presents as a theme: The speech of Pepetela and the representation of the Angolan universe based on literary text "The plateau and the steppe", 2009, published in the post-independence period of Angola. The author writes a literature that is committed to the Angolan historical context, its history makes reference to the social context of the country (Angola), demonstrating through the discourse how it was for the Angolan people to go through the process of independence of the Portuguese yoke (1961-1975) , The post-colonization period and the civil war (1975-2002) and the search of the people for their national identity, reconstructing a new history. Thus, the discussion of this theme is relevant, since it seeks to identify on which aspects the Portuguese Language assists in the historical process and the formation of national identity of the Angolan people. Thus, we explain some characteristics regarding the narrative and the particularities of the characters, because the work serves as an instrument to understand the multiculturality and the identity construction of the Angolan man. It is also worth mentioning that the Angolan novel is a meeting point for several discourses, various cultures, various ethnic groups, languages, because in Angola besides the Portuguese language other national languages are spoken and, in the context described by Pepetela, Languages of other nations. With this, we can say that literature is a comprehensive and interactive space between the subject enunciator (subject of writing), the enunciative and the historical texts that go through the narrative
Este trabalho insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da PUC/SP. Apresenta como tema: O discurso de Pepetela e a representação do universo angolano com base em texto literário ―O planalto e a estepe‖, de 2009, publicado em período pós-independência de Angola. O autor escreve uma literatura engajada com o contexto histórico angolano, sua história faz referência ao contexto social do país (Angola), demonstrando por meio do discurso como foi para o povo angolano passar pelo processo de independência do jugo de Portugal (1961-1975), pelo período de póscolonização e pela guerra civil (1975-2002) e a busca do povo por sua identidade nacional reconstruindo uma nova história. Assim, a discussão desse tema mostra-se relevante, pois busca identificar sobre quais aspectos a Língua Portuguesa auxilia no processo histórico e de formação de identidade nacional do povo angolano. Dessa forma, explicitamos algumas características a respeito da narrativa e das particularidades dos personagens, pois a obra serve como instrumento para se compreender a multiculturalidade e a construção identitária do homem angolano. Cabe ressaltar, ainda, que o romance angolano é lugar de encontro de vários discursos, várias culturas, várias etnias, de várias línguas, porque em Angola além da Língua Portuguesa falam-se outras línguas nacionais e, no contexto descrito por Pepetela, temos ainda as línguas de outras nações. Com isso, podemos dizer que a literatura é um espaço abrangente e interativo entre o sujeito enunciador (sujeito da escrita), o enunciatário e os textos históricos que percorrem a narrativa
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Pari, Capa Edith. "Enunciación y deixis de persona. Análisis semántico de artículos de opinión." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16764.
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El presente estudio tiene como objetivo abordar los aspectos que conforman la subjetividad del lenguaje en el proceso de la enunciación, sobre la base de la propuesta de Émile Benveniste en su teoría de la enunciación. Para ello, se analiza columnas de opinión de diarios peruanos de acceso masivo y se expone las características formales y procedimientos accesorios discursivos con los cuales el sujeto toma posición de su lengua. De esta manera, se define la enunciación en el cuadro de su estructura lingüística con contenido semántico y realización funcional. Asimismo, se esbozan las marcas formales de escritura, a partir de la enunciación y la expresión del individuo dentro de su lengua. Además, se examina, determina y describe la construcción discusiva en consideración con actos de comunicación de una comunidad lingüística. La metodología empleada es cualitativa. De modo que, se describe y examina discursos formales recopilados de textos de dos diarios de circulación nacional: La República y Correo, emitidos en una situación coyuntural y de debate sobre el indulto al expresidente Alberto Fujimor Fujimori en el 2012. La investigación permite concluir que la subjetividad del lenguaje se manifiesta con mayor grado de fuerza a través de la deixis personal, el modo enunciativo elocutivo y léxicos evaluativos y axiológicos. Por consiguiente, el conocimiento acopiado en una comunidad de lengua sobre un acto comunicativo corrobora que la enunciación es un dinamismo social de producción e interlocución.
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Solari, Ruiz-Eldredge Oscar Augusto. "Aspectos de la deixis espacial en la lengua asháninka del Alto Perené." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14203.
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Estudia los aspectos más importantes de las nociones que emplean los hablantes del dialecto del Alto Perené de la lengua ashéninka para la orientación en el ambiente en cuanto al espacio y su relación con la distancia y la posición. La descripción y el análisis de estas estructuras que guían la orientación en el espacio están dentro de un enfoque sincrónico y están basadas en los datos recogidos entre 2014 y 2018 en tres comunidades nativas asháninka ubicadas en la provincia de Chanchamayo, en el departamento de Junín. La deixis espacial en ashéninka se expresa a través de posposiciones adverbiales graduadoras de distancia, pronombres demostrativos y adverbios posicionales, incluyendo aquellas partículas que semánticamente tienen como puntos de referencia dimensiones naturales como el cielo, el suelo y el río; además de un verbo direccional que funciona como deíctico, permitiendo que el hablante se oriente dentro del ambiente donde habita. La orientación se origina desde la consciencia del emisor con respecto a su ubicación dentro del espacio, generándose al mismo tiempo un plano de referencia. Posteriormente esta noción se complementa con la consciencia del emisor sobre el ente referido, partiendo desde su ubicación, posición y distancia en la que este se halla desde el plano referencial del emisor o de otro referente; el segundo solo si fuera dentro de un contexto narrativo.Tesis
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Wendt, Höjer Fanny. "Staden som f(r)iktion : En maktanalys av rumsliga gestaltningar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65976.
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Den här uppsatsen undersöker gestaltningar av rumslighet i Yxta Maya Murrays roman Locas och i Helena María Viramontes novell ”The Cariboo Cafe”. Utifrån en lefebvriansk förståelse av det sociala rummets produktion görs en feministisk, postkolonial läsning av rummets betydelse i texterna. Med utgångspunkt i detta teoretiska ramverk diskuteras tematiseringen av plats, rum och identitet i berättelserna. Vidare används en narratologisk analys av texternas användning av deixis och fokalisering för att visa hur språket fungerar som en granskande skildring av olika platsers och rums villkor. En sådan läsning tillåter texterna att träda fram som avslöjare av specifika maktordningar och som kritik mot dessa.This essay examines the spatial descriptions in Yxta Maya Murray’s novel Locas and in Helena María Viramontes’ short story “The Cariboo Café”. Based on Henri Lefebvre’s understanding of the production of social space, a post-colonial, feminist reading of the texts’ spaces is executed. Rooted in this theoretical framework, the texts’ thematization of space, place and identity is discussed. Furthermore, a narratological analysis is added to the investigation through a scrutiny of the usage of deixis and focalization. It is shown how the usage of language in the texts functions to further expose different bodies’ divergent access to different spaces. This reading permits the texts to appear both as revealers of specific power systems, and as critics of them.
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Buscail, Laurie. "Étude comparative des pronoms démonstratifs neutres anglais et français à l'oral : référence indexicale, structure du discours et formalisation en grammaire notionnelle dépendancielle." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965362.
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Cette thèse explore le fonctionnement indexical des pronoms démonstratifs anglais this, that et it d'une part, et des pronoms démonstratifs français, en particulier ça, d'autre part, en vue d'une comparaison entre ces deux systèmes. L'ensemble des phénomènes référentiels et discursifs observés sont ramenés à certaines caractéristiques syntactico-sémantiques propres à chaque démonstratif, alors formalisées dans le cadre de la Grammaire Notionnelle Dépendancielle. Les occurrences de this, that, it et ça analysées étant issues de conversations orales spontanées et enregistrées selon le protocole des projets PAC et PFC, notre étude apporte un questionnement sur les avantages et les limites des grands corpus oraux pour les recherches en linguistique théorique.
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Kat, Michael P. "Comparative studies of microseismic source location techniques." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61709.
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Cheung, Yam-Leung. "The negative wh-construction." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1779690041&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Teletin, Andreea. "Organisation et fonctionnement du discours publicitaire dans la presse écrite : analyse comparative entre le portugais, le français et le roumain." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082982.
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Notre étude se fonde sur une approche linguistique (notamment sémantico-pragmatique) du discours publicitaire dans la presse écrite. Nous nous proposons d'étudier les principales différences et ressemblances du discours publicitaire dans le contexte de la publicité européenne (portugaise, française et roumaine). Du point de vue théorique, notre analyse s'appuie notamment sur la théorie sémantique de Bernard Pottier qui relie les niveaux conceptuel, linguistique et discursif. Etant donné que le discours publicitaire a pour but de convaincre les consommateurs potentiels, il est porteur tout d'abord de la modalité factuelle (FAIRE FAIRE) qui à son tour se combine avec les modalités épistémique (le SAVOIR) et axiologique (le VALOIR). Dans une première partie, nous étudions les caractéristiques et les fonctions de chaque composante du discours publicitaire (titre, texte argumentatif, image, logo et slogan). La deuxième partie de notre travail est conçue à partir des analyses de quelques phénomènes linguistiques (modalisation, formes d'adresse, deixis, négation). La troisième partie est centrée sur les représentations culturelles – liées aux stéréotypes et aux mythes – dans les discours publicitaires portugais, français et roumain. L'approche comparative envisagée nous a permis d'approfondir et de nuancer l'étude des structures discursivo-textuelles qu'on a cherché à contextualiser d'un point de vue socio-culturel. Compte tenu de la complexité du discours publicitaire, notre étude se veut un essai pour mieux comprendre la force persuasive de ce type de discours, à travers l'analyse de son contenu linguistique, social et mythiqueOur study focuses on a linguistic approach (more specifically, a semantic-pragmatic approach) of advertising discourse in print media. Our aim is to study the main differences and similarities of the advertising discourse in the context of European advertising (Portuguese, French and Romanian). The theoretical framework of our analysis is mainly based on Bernard Pottier’s semantic theory that links the conceptual, the linguistic and the discursive levels. Because the advertising discourse aims to persuade potential consumers, it conveys the deontic modality, which in its turn combines with the epistemic and axiological modalities. In the first part, we study the characteristics and functions of each component of the advertising discourse (title, argumentative text, image, logo and slogan). The second part of our work focuses on the analyses of linguistic phenomena, such as: modalisation, forms of address, deixis and negation. The third part deals with the cultural representations - linked to stereotypes and myths - in Portuguese, French and Romanian advertising discourse. The comparative approach allowed us to deepen the study of the discursive textual structures that we tried to contextualize from a socio-cultural point of view. Given the complexity of the advertising discourse, our study aims to offer a better understanding of the persuasive force in this type of discourse, through the analysis of its linguistic, social and mythical contents
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Walker, Katharine Aynge. "Seventeenth century northern noble widows : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2004. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/7766/.
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This thesis is presented in part fulfilment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Huddersfield. This thesis aims to explore the lives of seventeenth century noble widows in the north of England. The issues investigated include the demographics of widowhood, economics of widowhood, charitable activities, noble widows and the law, social networks surrounding widows and widows' political interests. Each of these subjects forms a chapter, where widows' contribution to each sphere through the seventeenth century is explored and assessed. The work also covers wider issues which affected women prior to and during marriage as they were also relevant to widowhood. Therefore it has been necessary to widen the scope of research from analyzing women's lives after the deaths of their husbands. Similarly, the geographical scope of the research, whilst basically entrenched in the north of England, extends in response to the variety of widows' experiences. The research has required examination of primary source material generated by widows such as letters, diaries, estate records and account books from institutions such as the British Library and private libraries such as that at Chatsworth. The second aim of this thesis is to examine more recent attitudes towards seventeenth century noble widows, encompassing the writings of nineteenth century historians and contemporary authors. The subject of this study is an under researched area and the thesis highlights the importance of the only part of a noblewoman's life that was lived as an independent individual. By scrutinising the secondary source material, challenging and criticizing general arguments proposed by other writers, debate upon the subject should be increased and new ideas expressed. Despite the social, legal, economic and political changes which took place throughout the seventeenth century, noble widows remained influential figures within the contexts of family, household and society as they exploited legal loopholes or accepted conventions in order to further their individual aims. This study advances the understanding of women's history by focussing on a neglected aspect of the subject, provides a new viewpoint for regional history and stimulates ideas for further academic debate.
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Heinemann, Klaus. "Pre-incorporation transactions : a comparative analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59396.
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Whether in common law jurisdictions or in German civil law, the issue of pre-incorporation transactions has always been the subject of considerable controversy. Concerned with the promoters, third parties, the company and its shareholders, the law has found it difficult to balance these frequently conflicting interests without neglecting the need for clear and simple rules. Common law courts, sometimes excessively committed to legal principles, have even come up with absurd results.This survey looks at the various attempts made in order to reconcile legal principles and business requirements--legislative in most common law jurisdictions, juridical in Germany. It will critically examine the approaches taken in Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions and compare their results and reasoning with the solution found in German law. It will be seen that even among closely related legal systems, results differ considerably. The survey will illustrate how established rules of law have turned out to be largely incapable of meeting the challenge of pre-incorporation transactions. From a comparative point of view, some suggestions will be made in order to achieve a solution that is more satisfactory in result and reasoning.
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Wilson, Ian. "Comparative genomic analyses of Entamoeba species." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2007270/.
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Amoebiasis is the third-most common cause of mortality worldwide from a disease borne of a parasitic infection. It affects up to 50 million people annually, of which 40,000 to 100,000 cases are fatal. Entamoeba histolytica is an obligate protozoon parasite of humans and is the aetiological agent of the disease. Recent suggestions that other members of the Entamoeba genus are human-infective, and potentially pathogenic, have been investigated here. A draft assembly and annotation of the 25 Mb genome of E. moshkovskii strain Laredo is presented, to which multiple E. moshkovskii strains were mapped. The E. moshkovskii genome was found to be approximately 200 times more variable than that of E. histolytica. Performance of the four-haplotype test revealed that genetic recombination does not seem to occur in E. moshkovskii. As such, it is suggested that it be referred to as a ‘species complex’, rather than an individual species. A comparative genomic analysis of E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS, E. moshkovskii Laredo, E. invadens IP-1 and the avirulent E. dispar SAW760 was performed. Subsequent comparative analyses against members of genera representative of the diversity in the Unikonts clade enabled the identification of orthologous gene families unique to the Entamoeba genus. Analysis of virulence factors within this set revealed that gene families involved in adhesion of amoebic trophozoites to host cells play a key role in the development of invasive amoebiasis. The Gal/GalNAc lectins and members of the BspA family are of particular interest, being present in all analysed species, except for E. dispar. The presence of these key families, plus cysteine proteases, in the E. moshkovskii genome suggests that some sequence types within this species complex may be pathogenic. E. invadens was found to possess larger numbers of more variable genes within many virulence factor families, including the BspA family and the Gal/GalNAc lectins. This suggests that sequence diversity facilitates E. invadens’ polyxenous lifestyle. Finally, a novel species recently isolated from a human faecal sample - E. bangladeshi, strain 8237 – was sequenced. Its genome was assembled using multiple de novo genome assemblers and coding sequences were assembled individually. A combination of all methods tested was found to be beneficial in maximising the number of gene sequences assembled, which is advised as good practice in future similar assemblies. The phylogeny of E. bangladeshi, achieved using the combined assemblies’ outputs suggested that the novel species is human-infective. The work presented here utilised modern comparative genomic techniques to improve understanding of Entamoeba species, their capacity for causing disease and their potential impact upon the epidemiology of amoebiasis.
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Wang, Yixiong. "Comparative planetary circulation regimes in simple general circulation models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669741.
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This thesis presents the studies of terrestrial planetary atmospheric circula- tion regimes using simplified GCMs with different levels of complexity. Two different versions of the simplified GCM PUMA (Portable University Model for the Atmosphere) are used — PUMA-S with Newtonian cooling scheme and PUMA-G with a semi-grey two-band radiative transfer scheme and dry convective adjustment. A series of controlled experiments are conducted by varying planetary rotation rate and imposed equator-to-pole temperature dif- ference using PUMAS-S, and by varying rotation rate, planetary obliquity, and the ratio of optical depth in long-wave (thermal radiation) band to that in short-wave (stellar radiation) band using PUMA-G. These defining parame- ters are further combined with each other into dimensionless forms to establish parameter spaces, in which the occurences of different circulation regimes are mapped and classified. For the PUMA-S experiments, very coherent trends when varying planetary rotation rate (thermal Rossby number) is found. It is demonstrated that the GRW mechanism is mainly responsible for the equato- rial super-rotation observed in our experiments. Regular baroclinic waves are obtained at intermediate values of thermal Rossby number and depend strongly on the strength of radiative and frictional damping. Global atmospheric ener- getics in terms of Lorenz energy cycle and meridional heat transport efficiency also exhibits strong dependence on planetary rotation rate from our PUMA-S experiments. Theories of geostrophic turbulence (especially the recently in- troduced zonostrophic turbulence) and jet formation are examined using the PUMA-S experiments. For the PUMA-G experiments, Similar trends are ob- served with respect to varying planetary rotation rate, while new regimes like strongly subrotating atmospheres are found when varying obliquity in PUMA- G. Tidally-locked planets are also studied by modifying the incoming stellar irradiation in PUMA-G. It is found that atmospheric optical depth in the long- wave band plays an important role in setting the heat transport efficiency from day-side to night-side. These results provide significant insights into the ter- restrial planetary atmospheric circulation dynamics and the inference of circu- lation regimes of extrasolar planets. Future studies will focus on the effect of seasonal/diurnal cycle, the parametrisation of eddy heat transport efficiency, as well as the modification of the two-band semi-grey radiative transfer scheme to incorporate pressure broadening effects
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Légaré, Claudette. "Les clubs pour personnes âgées à Ottawa : étude comparative." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5481.
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Smith, Anne Marie. "The appraisal remedy in corporate law a comparative study." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5717.
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Jacques, Sabine. "The right to parody? : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/32990/.
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Copyright law grants exclusive rights to right-holders which prevent others from exploiting copyright-protected works without authorisation. However, this right is not absolute. Legislation includes specific exceptions which preclude right-holders from exercising their prerogatives in particular cases which foster creativity and cultural diversity within that society. The parody exception pertains to this ultimate objective by permitting users to reproduce copyright-protected materials for the purpose of parody. While the parody exception is not harmonised at international level, the EU Information Society Directive offers EU Member States the option of including a parody exception within national copyright legislation as part of a harmonising framework. The UK took advantage of this option, and introduced a new copyright exception for parody in October 2014. To understand the meaning and scope of the new exception in UK copyright law and to analyse whether EU harmonisation of the parody exception is achievable, this thesis examines and compares four jurisdictions which differ in their protection of parodies: France, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. This thesis is concerned with finding an appropriate balance between the protection afforded to right-holders and the public interest in encouraging parody. This is achieved by analysing the parody exception to the economic rights of right-holders, the application of moral rights and the interaction of the parody exception with contract law. As parodies constitute an artistic expression protected under the right to freedom of expression, this thesis considers the influence of freedom of expression on the interpretation of this specific copyright exception. Furthermore, this thesis aims to provide guidance on how to resolve conflicts where fundamental rights are in conflict.
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Sheikholeslami, Salmasi Kamaleddin. "Assessment and comparative analysis of Iran's mineral policy : lessons and recommendations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0030/NQ64667.pdf.
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Wisniewska, Monika. "Personal Deixis in the 2020 United States Presidential Election : An Analysis of Joe Biden’s and Donald Trump’s Political Speeches." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-189308.
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The present study aims to explore how deictic personal pronouns are used in political speeches by the two American presidential candidates, Joe Biden and Donald Trump, during the 2020 United States presidential election. Donald Trump’s usage of the personal pronouns I, you, he/she, we and they is analysed and compared to Joe Biden’s usage of the same personal pronouns. The study has shown that Joe Biden has a preference for the first-person singular pronoun I while Donald Trump has a similar preference towards the third-person plural pronoun they. Both candidates also use the pronoun we just as often, however, Joe Biden’s we is mostly the universal we, referring to all Americans, while Donald Trump’s we is mostly the royal we, referring to his government. This study shows that the same deictic pronouns can be used to indicate inclusion and exclusion.
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Eng, Dennis. "Process evaluation of general data migration guidelines : A comparative study." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57440.
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Information systems form the backbone of many organizations today and are vital for their daily activities. For each day these systems grows bigger and more customized to the point where it is heavily integrated in the current platform. However, eventually the platform grows obsolete and the system itself becomes an obstacle for further development. Then the question arises, how do we upgrade the platform while retaining customizations and data? One answer is data migration which essentially is the process of moving data from one device to another. The problems of data migration becomes evident with extensive and heavily customized systems which effectively lead to the absence of any general guidelines for data migration.This thesis attempts to take a first step in finding and testing a set of general migration guidelines that might facilitate the creation of future migration projects. This is achieved using a comparative analysis of the general migration guidelines contra the process of migrating data between different editions of the Microsoft SharePoint framework. The analysis attempts to find out if the general guidelines are general enough for this migration process and leave it to future research to further assess their generality. This paper will also investigate the importance of using incremental migration and the ability to perform structural change during migration as well as how these issues is handled by the built in migration tool of SharePoint. In the end the general guidelines proved to be sufficient to express the SharePoint migration process and should therefore be used for further research to assess their worth in other projects. In terms of the second issue, the built-in migration tool proved weak in handling either incremental migration nor structural change which is unfortunate due to the benefits these features bring.
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Noe, Andreas Hans. "A comparative study of business students in Sri Lanka and Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5861.
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Tuncer, Kilavuz Idil. "Understanding violent conflict a comparative study of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278200.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Central Eurasian Studies, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: A, page: 4055. Adviser: William Fierman. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 7, 2008).
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Guo, Ling-Yu Tomblin J. Bruce Owen Amanda J. "Acquisition of auxiliary and copula BE in young English-speaking children." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/370.
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Howatt, Mary. "Object infinitival complements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ43884.pdf.
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Tanaka, Hidekazu. "Conditions on logical form derivations and representations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0028/NQ50266.pdf.
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Hallon, Robert J. M. Brøondal Viggo. "Brøondal's system of grammar : a translation of, and commentary on, Morfologi Og Syntax (1932) /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh192.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of English, 1989.This thesis is a study of the grammatical theories of Viggo Brøondal ; the central part of the thesis consists of an English translation of his Morfologi og syntax (1932). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 386-416).
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Senturia, Martha Baird. "A prosodic theory of hiatus resolution /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9835402.
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Israel, Michael. "The rhetoric of grammar : scalar reasoning and polarity sensitivity /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9913154.
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Buhler, Patricia Lynn. "Prenatal care : a comparative evaluation of nurse-midwives and general practitioners." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24489.
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The practice of midwifery by those other than physicians is illegal in Canada and despite recommendations of nursing, medical and consumer groups, no trials evaluating the effectiveness of the nurse-midwife as a member of the modern obstetrical team have occurred here. To demonstrate a nurse-midwifery model, four nurse-midwives provided primary care to forty-seven childbearing women and their families over a twenty-two month period in a maternity teaching hospital. This clinic presented a unique opportunity for comparing the prenatal care provided by nurse-midwives with that of general practitioners who attended deliveries in the same setting. Utilizing a retrospective chart audit, case control study design, the nurse-midwife cases (NM cases) were each matched to two general practitioner controls (GP controls) through the use of the hospital's prenatal data base. The matching characteristics included low risk status, date of delivery, age, parity, gravidity, previous pregnancy losses and census tract income. Prenatal criteria that had been developed and tested in "The Burlington Randomized Clinical Trial of the Nurse Practitioner" for assessing the quality of care were reviewed and updated for this study. With these criteria two blinded abstractors audited the prenatal record forms of all the subjects and scored them as either "superior", "adequate" or "inadequate".
Seventy-seven percent of the records of the NM cases received a
"superior" score, where as 60% of the GP controls' records received an
"inadequate" score [mathematical formula omitted] Overall, the general
practitioners' records indicated more erratic care than those of the nurse-midwives. Although the physicians met most of the initial assessment criteria, they failed to meet the criteria that evaluated the ongoing routine assessment process by recording an inadequate number of prenatal visits (36%), or by omitting urine test results (38$) and blood pressure readings (21%). No differences were found in variables relating to labour and delivery with the exception of the incidence of episiotomies. The results indicate that nurse-midwives as part of an obstetrical team are able to provide safe prenatal care to a low risk population in a Canadian urban context, and that their records are thorough and more consistent than those of general practitioners.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Lightman, Naomi. "Comparative health policy in Canada and the UK: an equity perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86743.
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This thesis compares the health care systems in Canada and the UK with a particular focus on equity of access and equity of outcomes. It explores causal factors such as organization, financing and delivery of care. The paper presents background and historical context on the two health systems, a review of current national and comparative international studies on health equity in each country, and qualitative analysis from four key informant interviews. Overall, the paper finds greater equity in Britain's NHS in terms of access to services and pro-poor allocation of resources than in Canadian Medicare. The Labour government is actively working to redress inequalities in health, while in Canada there are numerous barriers to system reform. Additionally, the current Conservative federal government has not made improving health equity a primary concern in Canada, and creeping privatization of the system is likely leading to further inequity.Ce mémoire compare les systèmes de santé canadien et britannique en apportant une attention particulière aux questions d'équité d'accès et de soin. On y explore les facteurs causals tels que l'organisation, le financement et l'offre de soins. Une mise en contexte historique, un état de la littérature et une série de quatre entrevues avec des acteurs clés dans les deux pays sont offertes. Ce mémoire conclut à une plus grande équité dans le système public britannique tant en terme d'accès que d'allocation de ressources au profit des plus démunis. En effet, le Parti travailliste britannique s'efforce activement de redresser les iniquités alors que le gouvernement canadien est confronté à de nombreuses difficultés dans ses tentatives de réforme. De plus, le gouvernement Conservateur canadien n'a pas fait de l'amélioration des conditions d'équité une priorité tout en tolérant une privatisation rampante du système qui mènera surement à davantage d'iniquités.
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Kubal, Chandrashekhar. "Comparative models of transplant and non-transplant human kidney disease." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3827/.
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Late kidney transplant losses along with chronic kidney disease in non-renal solid organ transplantation pose major problem in this field. To address this I compared ischaemia, interstitial scarring and inflammation on the renal biopsies from failing renal transplants and chronic kidney disease outside renal transplantation using native CKD as a control group. For matched renal function, a similar degree of interstitial scarring was observed across the three study groups. Ischaemia was predominant in failing renal transplants; conversely inflammation was predominant in native CKD. The relationship between macrophages and endothelial cells indicated that, despite a lower macrophage load, there may be an allogeneic impact of macrophages on endothelial cells. In the biopsies from CKD, mRNA levels for iNOS, arginase, CX3CL1, BCL-2, MCP-1/CCL2 and FSP-1 were increased in association with an increasing macrophage load. Macrophage load correlated positively with arginase/iNOS mRNA ratio, suggesting M2 phenotypic transformation of the macrophages. Co-localization studies, demonstrated an increased number of macrophages within 5 microns from endothelial cells in failing renal transplants when compared to chronic kidney disease. Further studies directed towards manipulating macrophage-endothelial cell interaction may be potentially beneficial in improving the longevity of renal transplants.
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Sykes, Britt-Mari. "Existentialism, psychology and religion, a comparative study of Viktor Frankl and Paul Tillich." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ45251.pdf.
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Farrah, Jean-Simon. "Perceptions of old age in comparative perspective: does the welfare state matter?" Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97193.
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One of the presumed consequences of the growing ascendency of population aging on social reforms and political discourses in Europe is a generalized uneasiness with old age in the welfare state. Drawing on the fourth wave of the European Social Survey, this thesis seeks to map out perceptions of old age across European welfare states. It argues that the welfare states theory can be a useful comparative tool to explain both individual perceptions of old age and intergenerational patterns found on European soil. Results show that the effect of welfare state types on individual perceptions is largely insignificant; rather, a clearer portrait of old age perceptions emerges when welfare states theory is coupled with an investigation of intergenerational patterns of perceptions and changes in old age policy.Une des conséquences présumées de la grandissante prégnance du vieillissement de la population sur les réformes sociales et discours politiques en Europe est un malaise généralisé envers la vieillesse dans l'état providence. À l'aide du « European Social Survey », ce mémoire cherche à tracer les perceptions des Européens envers la vieillesse. L'argument principal proposé est que la théorie sur les états providences peut être utile en tant qu'outil d'analyse comparative afin d'expliquer autant les perceptions individuelles de la vieillesse que les conflits intergénérationnels que ces perceptions occasionnent. Les résultats ne prouvent pas un lien significatif entre le type d'état providence et les perceptions individuelles sur la vieillesse; par contre, un portrait plus clair émerge lorsque la théorie de l'état providence est agrémentée d'une investigation des perceptions à travers les groupes d'âge ainsi que de l'évolution des politiques orientées vers les personnes âgées.
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Walsh, Linda. "The nature of morphological representations /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=73987.
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Campana, Mark. "A movement theory of ergativity." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39511.
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In this thesis, I propose a theory of ergativity in which NP arguments are checked for Case by moving to projections of agreement at LF. The Case-marking pattern of an ergative language arises when transitive subjects move to the projection of agreement usually associated with objects (AGR.o), while transitive objects and intransitive subjects move to the projection of subject agreement (AGR.s). While this proposal assigns the same underlying structure to clauses in an ergative language (unlike Marantz, 1984), it does have distinctive syntactic effects. In this it contrasts with a purely morphological approach to ergativity, such as that of Anderson (1976).Arguments can move to the specifier position of agreement, or adjoin to its maximal projection. Movement cannot take place across the same kind of position as the landing site, which leads us to predict that transitive subjects cannot undergo grammatical extraction in an ergative language. This prediction turns out to be correct in a number of languages, including Chamorro, Mam, and other members of the Mayan group. Our theory also allows for a plausible account of split ergativity--non-canonical patterns in an otherwise ergative language where transitive and intransitive subjects are marked the same, but behave differently under extraction.
The proposal that NPs are not checked for Case until LF entails that they remain in their base positions at S-structure. Evidence for this claim is adduced from the distribution of empty pronoun arguments whose contents must be identified. Our prediction is that transitive subjects in an ergative language will interfere in the identification of an empty object pronoun, since it is closer to the pronoun than its legitimate identifier, AGR.s. This is also shown to be the case.
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Goldberg, Lotus Madelyn. "Verb-stranding VP ellipsis : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=50177.
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This thesis presents a study of a construction which I refer to as Verb-Stranding VP Ellipsis. The construction is studied here, specifically, in two distinct senses. First, in chapter two, diagnostics are proposed by which the VP Ellipsis ("VPE") construction can be identified—irrespective of whether the main verb involved is null or overt. It is proposed that these diagnostics can be used to rule out the possibility that the data at issue are cases of other types of null anaphora, such as null arguments, Stripping, Gapping, and Null Complement Anaphora. It emerges from this section of the thesis that Modern Hebrew, Modern Irish, and Swahili have V-Stranding VPE data which form a natural class with English's Aux-Stranding VPE, while Japanese, Korean, Italian, and Spanish do not. The second focus is the question of how V-Stranding VPE should be generated. Chapters 3 and 4 argue in favor of an analysis involving PF Deletion of a VP out of which the main verb has raised, and against an LF Copying treatment. These arguments, in part, involve the Verbal Identity Requirement on VP Ellipsis, a novel generalization involving strict identity in root and derivational morphology between the antecedent- and target clause main Vs of the construction. Within the previously known requirement that elided phrases express semantically Given information, I argue that this generalization results from the fact that the head of an elided phrase must itself express Given information—whether or not the head surfaces as phonologically null.Dans cette étude, on considère en detail une construction que j'appelle « L'élision d'une expression verbale sans l'élision du verbe principal » (anglais « V-Stranding VP Ellipsis »). Cette construction est étudiée ici, spécifiquement, dans deux sens distincts. Dans le chapitre 2, on propose des diagnostics grace auxquels on peut identifier la construction « élision d'une expression verbale » (« EEV », anglais « VP Ellipsis »), que le verbe principal dans l'expression verbale soit manifeste ou élidé. On soutient que ces diagnostics peuvent être utilisés pour éliminer la possibilité que les données pertinentes soient des exemples d'autres types d'anaphore nulle, tels que argument du verbe nul, le « Stripping », le « Gapping », et le « Null Complement Anaphora ». Ainsi, on propose dans cette section que l'EEV sans l'élision du verbe dans les grammaires de l'hebreu, de l'irlaindais et du swahili forme une classe naturelle avec l'EEV avec l'élision du verbe en anglais. On soutient aussi que cette construction n'existent pas en japonais, en coréen, en espagnol, ou en italienne. Ensuite, on considère la question de comment génerer les exemples d'EEV sans l'élision du verbe. Dans les chapitres 3 et 4, on propose une analyse qui utilise la suppression d'une expression verbale au niveau de la Forme Phonologique (« la suppression FP », anglais « PF Deletion ») aprês le placement du verbe principal a une position en dehors de l'expression verbale, et on presente une explication de la raison pour laquelle une analyse qui utilise des copies de la Forme Logique (« copie FL », anglais « LF Copying ») n'est pas viable. Ceci implique, en partie, la Condition d'Identite Verbale, une généralisation proposé ici pour la premiêre fois, impliquant une identité stricte de la racine et dans la morphologie dérivationnelle entre les verbes principaux des propositions antécedentes et des propositions ciblés. Dans le cadre de la condition connue selon laquelle les syntagmes élidés expriment une information sémantique donnée (anglais « Given »), j e soutiens que la condition d'identité verbale resulte du fait que la tete d'un syntagme élidé doit elle-meme exprimer l'information donnée sémantiquement—que la téte soit phonologiquement manifeste ou nulle.
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Collins, Jeremy Charles. "Grammaticalization and Greenberg's word order correlations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50534130.
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Word order universals constitute a well-known problem in language typology, first outlined in Greenberg (1963). It has been firmly established in databases of over 1500 languages that languages with verb-object ordering are very likely to have prepositions and noun-genitive ordering, while languages with object-verb ordering are very likely to have postpositions and genitive-noun ordering (Dryer and Haspelmath 2011). This thesis attempts to give a historical explanation for these facts in terms of the origin of syntactic categories: adpositions have historically developed from nouns and verbs (Givon 1984, Aristar 1991); and verbs often develop from nominalizations used with a genitive object. These types of grammaticalization can explain why adpositions retain the ordering of their source nouns or verbs, and why verb/object ordering often parallels noun/genitive ordering.
This historical explanation is elaborated on, with data from different language families. Examples of verbs grammaticalizing from nominalizations used with genitive objects are given, drawing on historical work such as Salanova (2007) on Brazilian Jê languages and Starosta, Pawley and Reid (1982) on Austronesian. Different languages show varying degrees of 'nominalism', the morphosyntactic resemblance between verb forms and noun phrases/nominalizations. Other languages show a less developed distinction between adpositions and verbs/nouns. These examples of gradience in syntactic categories are argued to be behind resemblances in word orderings. Language contact is responsible for preserving word order types, when languages undergo change in more than one word order (e.g. Greenberg 1969); and the difference in rates of word order change across constructions is argued to be behind hierarchies such as Hawkins (1983)'s Prepositional Noun Modifier Hierarchy. This explanation of word order universals contrasts with more mainstream accounts such as Hawkins (1994) in terms of processing efficiency, and Kirby and Christiansen (2003) in terms of learnability. While these explanations are perhaps compatible with the historical explanation, they are argued to be redundant; grammaticalization arguably is not driven or constrained by learnability and processing efficiency, with memetics, 'typological poise' (Enfield 2003) and language contact given as alternatives. Instead of reflecting functional biases, word order patterns are argued to reflect language history, both the history of language contact, and the history of syntactic categories developing through grammaticalization.published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Chung, So-Woo. "Cataphora in discourse representation theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8424.
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Poirier, Josée. "Finding meaning in silence the comprehension of ellipsis /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3358671.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 14, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Seal, Amy. "Scoring sentences developmentally : an analog of developmental sentence scoring /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access:, 2001. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd12.pdf.
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Sato, Hiromi. "Selection for clausal complements and tense features /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8432.
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Diessel, Holger. "Demonstratives form, function, and grammaticalization /." Amsterdam ; Philadelphia : J. Benjamins, 1999. http://site.ebrary.com/id/5000150.
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Revision of dissertation (Ph.D)--State University of New York, Buffalo - "Demonstratives in cross-linguistic and diachronic perspective".Includes index. Includes bibliographical references at the end of each section.
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Dérome, Léo. "Study of NGOs in development: A comparative analysis of CUSO and development and peace." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5792.
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Pal, Mahesh. "Factors influencing the accuracy of remote sensing classifications : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10314/.
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Within last 20 years, a number of methods have been employed for classifying remote sensing data, including parametric methods (e.g. the maximum likelihood classifier) and non-parametric classifiers (such as neural network classifiers).Each of these classification algorithms has some specific problems which limits its use. This research studies some alternative classification methods for land cover classification and compares their performance with the well established classification methods. The areas selected for this study are located near Littleport (Ely), in East Anglia, UK and in La Mancha region of Spain. Images in the optical bands of the Landsat ETM+ for year 2000 and InSAR data from May to September of 1996 for UK area, DAIS hyperspectral data and Landsat ETM+ for year 2000 for Spain area are used for this study. In addition, field data for the year 1996 were collected from farmers and for year 2000 were collected by field visits to both areas in the UK and Spain to generate the ground reference data set. The research was carried out in three main stages.The overall aim of this study is to assess the relative performance of four approaches to classification in remote sensing - the maximum likelihood, artificial neural net, decision tree and support vector machine methods and to examine factors which affect their performance in term of overall classification accuracy. Firstly, this research studies the behaviour of decision tree and support vector machine classifiers for land cover classification using ETM+ (UK) data. This stage discusses some factors affecting classification accuracy of a decision tree classifier, and also compares the performance of the decision tree with that of the maximum likelihood and neural network classifiers. The use of SVM requires the user to set the values of some parameters, such as type of kernel, kernel parameters, and multi-class methods as these parameters can significantly affect the accuracy of the resulting classification. This stage involves studying the effects of varying the various user defined parameters and noting their effect on classification accuracy. It is concluded that SVM perform far better than decision tree, maximum likelihood and neural network classifiers for this type of study. The second stage involves applying the decision tree, maximum likelihood and neural network classifiers to InSAR coherence and intensity data and evaluating the utility of this type of data for land cover classification studies. Finally, the last stage involves studying the response of SVMs, decision trees, maximum likelihood and neural classifier to different training data sizes, number of features, sampling plan, and the scale of the data used. The conclusion from the experiments presented in this stage is that the SVMs are unaffected by the Hughes phenomenon, and perform far better than the other classifiers in all cases. The performance of decision tree classifier based feature selection is found to be quite good in comparison with MNF transform. This study indicates that good classification performance depends on various parameters such as data type, scale of data, training sample size and type of classification method employed.
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Mackay, Katherine. "A comparative study of analysis methods in quantitative label free proteomics." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2050359/.
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The large amounts of data generated by modern proteomics experiments necessitates the use of software pipelines to conduct the bulk of the post-processing. While many software packages (both commercial and open-source) are available to perform some or all of the necessary post-processing steps, it is usual for each research group to use only the instrumentation and software packages with which they are most familiar and/or which are available to analyse their unknown data. The intention of the studies presented within this thesis was to assess the correlation between the experimental results obtained when; - a single result dataset is obtained and post-processed in parallel using four separate software pipelines - a single sample is analysed on two different mass spectrometers and post-processed in parallel and; - when different identification thresholds are applied to a dataset prior to parallel quantitation of the resultant data sets Correlation between different mass spectrometry instruments was assessed and found to yield high r values, especially at the protein level, and was also found to improve following the application of abundance thresholds, however the result of applying score thresholds was unpredictable. The use of manual FDR thresholds prior to importing data into Progenesis LC-MS yielded interesting results, which suggest that a threshold of 1% peptide FDR and 1 or 2% protein FDR is most effective in terms of yielding accurate ratios while maintaining acceptable sensitivity. In addition, a consensus method is suggested to utilise the results from multiple software pipelines in order to increase sensitivity and reduce the FDR, through the use of the QPROT tool and manual post-processing.