Academic literature on the topic 'Comparative and general Deixis'
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Journal articles on the topic "Comparative and general Deixis"
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Afsheen Hassan, Namra Ashraf, and Dr. Husnat Ahmed. "Semantic Significance of Indexicals in Syntax: A Comparative Study of English and Urdu Deixes." sjesr 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol5-iss3-2022(1-8).
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The aim of this paper was to find out the relationship between semantics and syntax through pragmatic analysis of indexicals used by Ex-Prime Minister Imran Khan in two of his purposively selected speeches; one in Urdu delivered on 23rd December, 2020 on the passing out ceremony of police officers and the other in English delivered on 27th September, 2019 in UNGA. The English speech has been analyzed using antconc software while the analysis of Urdu speech has been done manually. A quantitative analysis of the five kinds of deixes in both the speeches strengthened the research results of Samosir and Zainuddin (2013) by providing the proof of the fact that person deixis is the most dominant category of English deixes (45.5%) while spatial is the least dominant (5.1%). The analysis of Urdu speech revealed a similar pattern as the person deixis (51.9%) is the most frequent, spatial being the least (3.9%). The presence of all five kinds of deixes with a similar pattern of relative frequencies in both the languages have provided a useful data for the purpose of Parallel Grammar (ParGram) project (Butt et al., 1999) to find out parallel structures in the grammar of six languages out of which two have been analyzed in this paper.
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Osmushina, Anastasia A., and Pavel Alexandrovich Gagaev. "Deixis methodology for the study of folk tale semantics." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education 1, no. 6 (November 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-21.060.
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Deixis study is a part of cosmo-psycho-logical and psycho-semantic study of folktales. Growing interest to their flexion and study of the sociological, psychological and philosophical categories in the language determines the relevance of our work. The aim of the work is to formulate a methodology for the deixis study of folk tales’ semantics. The material of the study is works of the tale researchers and works of the researchers of methods and models of scientific cognition. The research methods include the comparative-evolutionary historical principle of cognition in the model of the cultural-typical method of cognition in the CPL system with the recognition of the differences priority of differences and the similarities secondary role, the formation of psycho-semantics, deixis semantics of folk tales models, a comparative research of the ethnic tales and epics types. The results demonstrate thatthe deixis methodology allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the ethnic meaning of the folk tale. The forms of ethnic relative deixis are a formalization of subjects, objects, and the effectiveness of action in history, and relative assessments. Ethnic social deixis reveals the logic of the chronotope of social interactions and their social meaning, meliorative, admirative, pejorative, desiderative, inherent and adherent, and fear assessments. Ethnic nominative deixis is the formalization by linguistic means of roles in intuitional situations of life, recursion, and ethnic assessments. Ethnic indicative deixis reveals estimates of aspiration. Ethnic absolute deixis reveals absolute estimates of the ideal/final result of history.
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Dani Putri Septi Kusumaningtyas and Halimah. "A Comparative Analysis Pragmatics of Social Deixis in Chinese and Indonesian." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 3, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v3i4.1125.
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The main purpose of the research is to compare the social deixis of Chinese and Indonesian and their pragmatics and application. To explain the uses and types of Indonesian social indicators. Finally, to compare the pragmatics of social deixis in Chinese and Indonesian, and find out the differences in the usage of social deixis in the two languages, so that the communication can proceed smoothly, especially for Indonesian students learning Chinese.
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Osmushina, Anastasia A. "A person and the world in a Mordovian folk tale (in comparison with folktales of other ethnic cultures)." Finno-Ugric World 14, no. 2 (July 8, 2022): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.014.2022.02.223-240.
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Introduction. The effectiveness of the research of folklore for the cognition of the cosmo-psycho-logos of the ethnos determines the relevance of this work. The research novelty of this study is studying Erzya and Moksha folk tales with the application of deixis analysis of folk tales with similar plots circulating in various ethnic groups. The object of the study is the texts of the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales with the plot motif “Tom Thumb” in comparison with Russian, German, English, Spanish and Latin American fairy tales with a similar plot. The subject of the research is the features of ontology, axiology, anthropology of Erzya and Moksha in a fairy tale. The purpose of the work is to identify the ontological, axiological and anthropological features of the Mordovian fairy tale. The objectives of the study are to perform a deixis analysis of the texts of several variants of the Mordovian fairy tale and its foreign-ethnic counterparts; identify their similarities and differences; to formulate the ontological, axiological and anthropological features of the Mordovian fairy tale. Materials and Methods. To achieve the purpose of the study, the author carried out a comparative content analysis of the deixis of seven fairy tales with the leading plot motif “Tom Thumb”. The author applies the method of critical selection of sources choosing the authentic versions of folk tales. General research methods allow the author to analyze and systematize the information obtained and synthesize the conclusions. Results and Discussion. All the considered folk tales record the tragedy of the absence of children in an ethnic family, the desirability of procreation as children are the happiness and the meaning of human life. The Erzya folk tale demonstrates the local-common solidarity, the fight against aggressive authorities, and armed restorative justice. In the Moksha fairy tale, there is a motif of deception by a deceiver as a form of restorative justice to improve the financial situation of the family. Both in the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales, the intention of returning home in an indirect way and living in labor in one’s place of development is realized. Conclusion. A comparative analysis of the deixis of fairy tales of different ethnic groups with a similar plot makes it possible to identify the general and special in the content of fairy tales, to determine the features of the ontology, axiology, and anthropology of the ethnic group. The study showed that the ontological, axiological and anthropological features of the Erzya and Moksha fairy tales are close, but not identical; it revealed similarities and differences with the fairy tales of other ethnic cultures.
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Littig, Sabine. "Adpositional expression of spatiality in Adamawa languages with focus on the Samba-Duru group." Language in Africa 1, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 266–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2020-1-3-266-291.
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A recurrent topic in language typology are adpositions within a cross-linguistic perspective. This paper questions whether there are similarities in form and function of spatial adpositions in Adamawa languages. Based on data of existing grammars and fieldwork results, form and function of the adpositions in question will be presented and discussed. The main result is that almost all languages show a generic adposition expressing spatial relations in general. First a theoretical overview about formal and functional features of adpositions is presented. This is completed with an excerpt of the relation between spatial marking and noun classes and a short introduction in spatial deixis. The theoretical explanations are followed by an empirical comparative study which attempts to empirically back up the theoretical conclusions and presents the results.
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KENNEDY, DAVID. "Here Is/Where There/Is: Some Observations of Spatial Deixis in Robert Creeley's Poetry." Journal of American Studies 46, no. 1 (April 8, 2011): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875811000053.
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Multiple uses of the spatial deictic “here” are a notable feature of Robert Creeley's poetry. For example, the Collected Poems 1945–1975 contains five poems called “Here” and two called “Here Again,” and after only a hundred pages one has encountered at least eight uses of “here.” Similarly, Charles Altieri has noted a movement in Creeley's poetry from saying “there” to being able to say “here” as a statement of “an ideal of pure presence, of a relationship between subject and world where each is transparent to and completely adequate for the other.” In this essay, I will examine examples of Creeley's “heres” in the early poetry, up to and including Words (1967) and Pieces (1969). I will argue that while some of Creeley's uses of “here” do involve problems of location and ideal presence, other uses speak to problems of agency, form and the body. I will go on to argue that, ultimately, Creeley's “heres” map a search for location that discovers each new articulation is a disorientating reorientation. This reading of Creeley's use of “here” will be informed by a number of other sources including Jonathan Culler's pioneering work on deixis in Structuralist Poetics; J. P. Denny's comparative work on spatial adverbs in English, Eskimo and Kikuyu; Heidegger's discussion of “here” and “yonder”; and the paintings of Barnett Newman which are notable for their deictic titles. Reading these with and back into Creeley's poetry enables a greater understanding of how spatial deixis works in lyric poetry and how it relates to Creeley's reflexive lyric.
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Afiefah, Aisyah Nurul, Dedi Sofyan, and Ira Maisarah. "A Comparative of Deixis Found in the Speech of Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi." Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2021): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v4i1.1158.
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In listening to speeches sometimes there is a misunderstanding in interpreting the meaning of the speech in question. Through deixis can help listeners to understand the intended meaning of utterances in speech. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the types of deixis in speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. This study used a qualitative method using descriptive analysis as a data analysis technique. Data collection techniques used documentation techniques sourced from speeches by Mike Pompeo and Retno Marsudi. The research data was collected from 6 speeches sourced from 3 speeches delivered by Mike Pompeo and 3 speeches delivered by Retno Marsudi. The data analysis technique is by identifying and interpreting all types of deixis in speeches, classifying the types of deixis found in ministerial speeches, and making conclusions. The results show that there are five types of deixis found in Mike Pompeo speech, namely: people deixis, time deixis, place deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Meanwhile, in Retno Marsudi speech, only 4 types of deixis were found, namely; people deixis, time deixis, social deixis, and discourse deixis. Differences are shown in the use of place deixis. The most dominant deixis used is person deixis in both speeches. Thus, the dominant type of deixis in speech can reflect the relationship between language structure and context that is not separated and must be communicated contextually and pragmatically. When listening to a speech, listeners can identify several types of deixis and make it easier for listeners to know the types of deixis in the speech.
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Mayori, Winda, Nyoman Adi Jaya Putra, and I. Wayan Suarnajaya. "A Comparative Study of Deixis Used by Foreign and Local English Teachers in Vocational High School." Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 4, no. 3 (July 5, 2020): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v4i3.26277.
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This study aims to analyze the types of deixis by using Levinson’s theory, find out the dominant types of deixis, and the reasons behind the uses of deixis by foreign and local English teachers. The study used a qualitative method particularly a case study. The data sources of this study were the foreign and local English teachers’ utterances. The data were obtained through a classroom observation and interview technique. The data were analysed using Miles and Hubermans’s interactive model. The findings showed that five types of deixis were found in the foreign and local English teacher’s utterances, namely person deixis, place deixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. The dominant types of deixis in both the English teachers’ utterances were person deixis. The reasons behind the uses of deixis were also explained in this study
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Novianty, Farah. "A Comparative Study on Personal Deixis of English and Tukang Besi Language." ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 1, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/els-jish.v1i2.4394.
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AbstractThe research is about deixis expression in English and Tukang Besi language. This reasearch attempts to describe types of deixis in English and Tukang Besi language. Descriptive qualitative method is used to reveal the types of deixis that used in English and Tukang besi with contrastive analysis to find out the differences and similarities between personal deixis of English and Tukang Besi language. the total number of subject personal pronouns in English is seven: I, He, She, It, You, We, and They; while in Tukang Besi, there are also seven personal pronouns, they are; yaku,kita, kami, ko'o, komiu, iya, ammai. There are no word which has same meaning with "it" in Tukang Besi. Tukang Besi People only use the name of things directly without use an "it".
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Kubra, Khadija, Ayesha Murtza, and Muhammad Mahmood. "Deixis Role as an Index of Style: A Comparative Corpus Stylistics Analysis of Self, Pakistani and Other Translators." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 5 (May 23, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n5p87.
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Deixis are the linguistic expressions which are used for the reference within the context and out of the context to share knowledge. These are functional keys for contextual coherence and for strong involvement of interlocutors. In this dissertation, role of deixis are interpreted with reference of three different categories of novels; Pakistani novels, other translated, and self-translated novels. The aim of this research is to extract the style difference due to the use of deixis as a style indicator in other and self-translated novels in comparison with non-translated novels. Further, we will try to find out how the use of different types of deixis effects on the context of the text. Generally it has witnessed that the other and self-translators are different in their styles. The reason behind such difference is that the self-translator has more freedom while translating their own novels for other audience. For analysis, in total nine novels are selected, three novels of one category and in total three categories are involved. This research adopted the quantitative approach and for analysis corpus software tool, AntConc is used. Whole data is tagged by POS tagger and manually as well, than interpreted through AntConc. The results of this research indicate that the Self translated novels used more deixis and have more simple and direct language then the others translated categories. In these novels the first person and second person communication is more oriented. Similarly other deixis expressions as time, past tense and special deixis are more referred which make language explicit.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comparative and general Deixis"
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Angulu, Elizabeth Mama. "Componential analysis of Hausa verbs of motion : markedness and deixis /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1985. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10584869.
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Ferrari, Natália Luísa 1988. "A relevância referencial da dêixis discursiva na interação entre sujeitos afásicos e não afásicos : intersubjetividade e remissão anafórica." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270614.
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Orientador: Edwiges Maria MoratoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho busca caracterizar o funcionamento da dêixis discursiva (DD), criadora de um foco de atenção comum pela remissão anafórica a conteúdos contextuais (Marcuschi, 1997; Cavalcante, 2003), em interações entre sujeitos afásicos (sujeitos com alterações de linguagem decorrentes de episódios neurológicos) e não afásicos participantes do Centro de Convivência de Afásicos (CCA) da UNICAMP. Nosso interesse nesse contexto interativo deve-se à abordagem do processo dêitico e do anafórico feita pela Afasiologia Linguística: a produtividade do primeiro é considerada uma estratégia meramente compensatória para o déficit de seleção lexical dos sujeitos afásicos (Lehrer, 1974 apud Varley, 1993; Crystal, 1984; Goodglass, 1993), ao passo que o segundo, associado à ideia de continuidade referencial restrita à coindexação um termo ao seu antecedente explícito, é tomado como uma operação cognitiva perturbada em decorrência da lesão cerebral (Caplan e Rigalleau, 2004; Edwards e Varlokosta, 2007). Concebendo os processos referenciais tal como o fazem os estudos textuais-interativos de orientação sociocognitivista (Marcuschi, 2001; Koch, 2002; Mondada e Dubois 2003 [1995]), tivemos por objetivo: i) analisar a função dêitica e a anafórica da DD, atentando para as semelhanças e diferenças entre sujeitos afásicos e não afásicos, e ii) qualificar o funcionamento desse processo referencial no contexto de fala em interação escolhido a partir de seus aspectos característicos observados. Para cumprir tais objetivos, constituímos um corpus de 10 episódios conversacionais dos quais participam afásicos e não afásicos, pela observação de registros audiovisuais de 22 encontros do grupo e da seleção e transcrição de fragmentos conversacionais, baseada no sistema de notação proposto por Morato et al (2011). Esse sistema, que destaca a multimodalidade característica da fala em interação, nos permitiu observar a atuação de recursos verbais e não verbais na construção referencial. Observamos a ampla emergência da DD por dêiticos demonstrativos em função substantiva, especialmente na fala dos sujeitos afásicos, ao passo que na dos não afásicos, houve a presença de nomes conceituais na expressão referencial dêitica. Nesse processo, também compareceram recursos indiciais não verbais, tais como o gesto de apontar e o direcionamento corporal e do olhar, conforme já observara Vezali (2011), cuja carência descritiva não lhes retira a função de referir, mas qualifica a complexidade da referenciação da DD, responsável por chamar a atenção para elementos relevantes do cenário (Hanks, 2008). Além disso, ao contribuir para a construção do foco discursivo, a DD atua na construção argumentativa e tópica do texto conversacional
Abstract: The present study aims to characterize the referential process of Discourse Deixis (DD), which creates a common attention focus through anaphoric remission to contextual contents (Marcuschi, 1997; Cavalcante, 2003), in interactions between aphasics (brain damaged individuals with language difficulties) and non-aphasics that participate in the weekly meetings of the Aphasics Community Center (ACC). Our interest in that interactive context is due to the Linguistic Aphasiology¿s approach to the deictic and anaphoric processes in aphasic speech: the productivity of the former is considered a merely compensatory strategy for the aphasic lexical access deficit (Lehrer, 1974 apud Varley, 1993; Crystal, 1984; Goodglass, 1993), whereas the latter, due to the idea of correferentiality restrict to the coindexation of a certain item to its explicit antecedent, is taken as a cognitive operation disturbed by the brain injury (Caplan e Rigalleau, 2004; Edwards e Varlokosta, 2007). Adopting the Sociocognitive Textual Linguistics conception of referential processes (Marcuschi, 2001; Koch, 2002; Mondada e Dubois 2003 [1995]), our main goals were: i) to analyze the deictic and anaphoric functions which characterize DD and ii) qualify the usage of that referential process in talk-in-interaction considering its characteristics in the chosen context. In order to achieve those goals, we constituted a corpus composed by 10 aphasic and non-aphasic interaction episodes, by the observation of the audiovisual records of 22 CCA meetings, selection and transcription of conversational excerpts, based on the notation system proposed by Morato et al (2011) which highlights the multimodality which characterizes talk-in-interaction. That allowed us to observe how verbal and nonverbal resources took part of referential construction. We could observe the emergence of DD by demonstrative deictics in substantive function, especially in aphasic speech, whereas in non-aphasic speech there was also the presence of conceptual names in the deictic referential expression. In this process there were also nonverbal indexical resources such as pointing and body and eye directing, as Vezali (2011) had already observed, which lack of descriptive information didn't take the referential function away but qualified its complexity instead, since DD is responsible for highlighting relevant elements of the setting (Hanks 2008). Furthermore, by contributing to the discourse focus construction, DD acts in the argumentative and discourse topic construction of the conversational text
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestra em Linguística
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Demers, Monique. "Statut prosodique de la particule discursive "la" en français québécois /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Mémoire (M.Ling.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992.Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique de l'Unniversité Laval extensionné à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 113-117. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Costa, Sandra Batista da 1965. "Da Silva & e Silva = duas trajetórias políticas, duas personas : o emprego de dêixis de primeira pessoa em discurso de palanque." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270423.
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Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudo da Linguagem
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Resumo: Este trabalho investiga o modo de fala de dois políticos, a saber, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva. O primeiro, ex-presidente do Brasil, o segundo ex-governador do Paraná. Analisa-se o emprego dos pronomes de primeira pessoa utilizados, nos discursos proferidos em palanque político, pelos dois "agentes". Para tanto, procura-se observar: (i) se houve, no decorrer da trajetória política, variação no modo de fala de cada um dos políticos e (ii) se o emprego dos dêiticos de 1ª pessoa, utilizados por um e por outro, revelam diferentes estilos linguísticos e se isso resulta de um processo de construção de personas públicas. O corpus selecionado para análise é composto por discursos integrais e excertos de vários discursos proferidos em comícios eleitorais, tanto por um quanto por outro político, nas décadas de 80, 90 e anos 2000. Esse corpus foi recortado de modo a realizar a análise apenas dos discursos proferidos por Lula, nas campanhas de 1989, 2006 e 2008 e por Requião, nas campanhas de 1990 e 2006. Para elucidar o contexto de realização do discurso de palanque, busca-se descrever o comício eleitoral, recorrendo, sobretudo, a pressupostos de Palmeira e Heredia (1995) e Barreira (1998), que consideram o comício como um ritual de configuração da representação política. O percurso de Lula foi descrito com base no estudo de Paraná (2008), que traça uma trajetória da família da Silva, delineando a transformação que se operou na vida de Lula, a partir da participação do político no movimento sindical. Também se utiliza o trabalho de Resende (2007) para recuperar a trajetória de Roberto Requião. A autora analisa traços genealógicos e a carreira do político, investigando, no período de 1982 a 2006, a ação política desse "agente". Para avaliar os contrastes entre os modos de fala dos dois políticos, são utilizados, como embasamento, os pressupostos de Bourdieu (2007) e de Irvine (2001) acerca do princípio da "distintividade" na linguagem. Os papéis discursivos indicados pelos pronomes de 1ª pessoa, em função dêitica, foram descritos com base nos estudos realizados por Ilari et al. (2002). A noção de "campo dêitico", delineada por Hanks (2008), mostra-se relevante para elucidar que o processo de referenciação dêitica integra-se à prática comunicativa realizada no palanque político. O resultado deste estudo, com base nos dados investigados, demonstra que: (i) ocorreu, ao longo da trajetória de Lula, variação no modo de fala, realizado em palanque, o que não se observa na trajetória de Requião; (ii) o emprego de dêiticos de 1ª pessoa, no discurso de palanque, revela a distinção entre o modo de fala desses políticos, assim como indica a constituição distintiva de personas representativas. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para os estudos textuais-discursivos e campos que investigam o estilo. A metodologia adotada contempla procedimentos que contribuem com o campo da Sociolinguística
Abstract: In this work, we seek to investigate the speech of two politicians: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva (the first one, former President of Brazil; the second one, former Governor of the State of Paraná). We analyze the use of first-person pronouns applied in speeches made by both agents, in soapbox. For this purpose, we try to observe: (i) if there was a variation in the speech of each one of the politicians; (ii) if the use of first-person deictic, applied by each one of them, reveals different linguistic styles and if it results from a process of constructing public personas. The corpus selected for analysis is composed of full speeches and excerpts from several speeches delivered at election rallies, by both politicians, during the 80s, 90s and 2000. This corpus was cut out to make an analysis just on the speeches delivered by Lula at campaigns in 1989, 2006 and 2008, and by Requião, at campaigns in 1990 and 2006. In order to elucidate the context of realizing the soapbox, we seek to describe election rallies, making use, especially, of Palmeira e Heredia's (1995) and Barreira's (1998) assumptions, who consider the rally as a ritual of shaping the political representation. The trajectory of Lula is described based on Parana's study (2008), who has drawn Da Silva family's path, outlining the transformation which happened to Lula's life, from his participation in the Trade Union movement. We also use Resende's work (2007), in order to recover the trajectory of Roberto Requião. The author has analyzed his genealogical characteristics and political career, by investigating this agent's political action, from 1982 through 2006. With the purpose of analyzing the contrast between the speeches of both politicians, we use, as a basis, Bourdieu's (2007) and Irvine's (2001) assumptions, concerning the principle of distinctiveness in the language. The discursive roles indicated by the first-person pronouns, with a deictic function, were described based on the studies conducted by Ilari et al (2002). The notion of deictic field, outlined by Hanks (2008), has been relevant to prove that the deictic differentiation process is integrated into the communicative practice which takes place in the soapbox. The result of this study has demonstrated that (i) throughout Lula's trajectory, a variation in his soapbox speech has happened, what is not observed in Requião's trajectory; (ii) the use of first-person deictics at soapbox reveals the distinction between the speeches of these two politicians and also indicates the distinctive nature of representative personas. This work presents contributions to the textual-discursive studies and fields which investigate the style. The adopted methodology contemplates procedures which contribute to the field of sociolinguistics
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Smith, Wanda. "Formaliteit in bedryfstekste met verwysing na bepaalde grammatikale veranderlikes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1135.
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Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.This study about formality in business texts is situated within the field of document design. For this reason, the definition of formality and the operasionalisation thereof in business texts are approached from a functional framework, which can lead to the realisation of useful guidelines to text producers based on the conclusions drawn from the research. With these guidelines, informed decisions can be made about formality in texts. In this study formality is defined and operasionalised in terms of the two notions context (in)dependency and deixis. Formality and deixis both involve distance. Greater distance between die text/writer and the reader or interlocutors mutually is associated with a higher degree of formality. On the other hand, a higher frequency deictic referential words such as personal pronouns (you, he, we, they), adverbs of place (here, there), direction (forwards, outside) and time (just now, only just, at present) implies a shorter social and spatio-temporal distance, and therefore a higher degree of informality. The reason for this is that deictic referential words (you, here, outside, now) and the reference to which such words refer should be deduced from the context immediately in order for the message to be understood unambiguously. For this reason, deictic referential words are context dependent in this study and because the context is immediately available and the distance thus shorter, these words are markers of informality. On the other hand, nondeictic referential words imply a greater distance and therefore a higher degree of formality. Grammatical variables that possibly have an effect on the degree of formality in annual reports and brochures, such as nouns, objective and subjective adjectives, verbs and pronouns, are divided in terms of their context dependence or context independence into one of two categories, namely a nondeictic category that is associated with context independence and formality, or a deictic category that is associated with context dependence and informality. Based on the frequencies of the various language variables in the two categories (context independent, nondeictic category and context dependent, deictic category) an empirical measure of formality is proposed with which formality (F-index) can be measured in Afrikaans business texts. Although the proposed measure should be refined, the study illustrates, among others, that the measure exhibits the capacity to point out variation based on differences in formality between the text types. The study further indicates that advice based on intuition should be regarded with caution. A survey aimed at readers showed that variables such as subject, tone, style, word choice and language usage play a greater role in the evaluation of the degree of formality of texts than grammatical variables such as the passive voice. In conclusion, the study gives clear guidelines as to how the language variables that were part of this study should be dealt with and in a sense be manipulated to ensure a suitable degree of formality of a text and thus the effective transfer of communication.
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Correia, Aurineide Profírio Barros. "A Dêixis na construção de sentidos em comentários alusivos ao nordeste: um estudo enunciativo em sites esportivos e suas implicações no ensino de língua portuguesa." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/1012.
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This work, of qualitative nature, exploratory measures, based on study of case aims to analyze the dêixis in the construction of meaning in comments alluding to the Northeast on sports sites. It is based on the ennunciative perspective of language supported on the theory of Enunciation of Émile Benveniste. To this aim, we examined six comments that allude to the Northeast, running sports sites, watching as the dêiticos elements, in their personal, spatial and temporal levels contribute to the representation of subjectivity in the language, since these elements are interpreted with reference to the situation may include and refer to anything linguistic, not exclusively referring to an object or concept. It is relevant to highlight that Benveniste foccused on a strand of analysis of language in use, in action, in his example, dimension and this peculiarity directed our attention to the implications of this design language in the teaching of Portuguese Language, in which the text assumes an active role of building directions, requiring the interaction of their interlocutors. In this understanding, the design of Benveniste about the study of the language implies a relationship that justifies the use of, or the choice of certain words in speech by a guy, revealing, in your semantic aspect the establishment of the relationship of the signs with the conditions of an utterance, that determines the meaning in the light of oppositions imposed within the linguistic system and outside it. Benveniste stresses the dêixis (personal, spatial and temporal) as explicit brand relative to the subject with the statement, highlighting that these elements relate to the reality of speech and can only be identified in terms of locution, involving the relations of subjectivity that comprise locutor and a alocutario stabilished for him. The analysis of the data revealed that the meaning of an utterance is given by the possibility of sintagmatics choices made by a locutor that appropriates the language and sets out its position of subject when self declares "I" and set up a "you" in a given discursive space and time. Understanding the actions of these brands in the comments analyzed provides a reflection on the language in use and its mediation, providing ways to conceive the language and its methodological implications in the teaching of Portuguese Language.
Este trabalho, de natureza qualitativa, de cunho exploratório, baseado em estudo de caso, tem por objetivo analisar a dêixis no processo de construção de sentidos em comentários alusivos ao Nordeste em sites esportivos. Apoia-se na perspectiva enunciativa da linguagem e tem como base a Teoria da Enunciação de Émile Benveniste. Para tanto, analisamos seis comentários que fazem alusão ao Nordeste, veiculados em sites esportivos, observando como os elementos dêiticos, em seus níveis pessoal, espacial e temporal contribuem para a representação da subjetividade na linguagem, visto que esses elementos são interpretados com referência à situação enunciativa e referem-se a algo exclusivamente linguístico, não remetendo a um objeto ou conceito específico. Faz-se relevante destacar que Benveniste deteve-se em uma vertente de análise da língua em uso, em ação, em sua dimensão enunciativa, e essa peculiaridade direcionou nosso olhar para as implicações dessa concepção linguística no ensino da Língua Portuguesa, na qual o texto assume um papel ativo de construção de sentidos, necessitando da interação de seus interlocutores. Nesse entendimento, a concepção benvenistiana do estudo da língua implica estabelecer uma relação que justifique o uso ou a escolha de determinadas palavras assumidas no discurso por um sujeito, revelando, em seu aspecto semântico o estabelecimento da relação dos signos com as condições de um enunciado, que determina a significação em função de oposições instituídas no interior do sistema linguístico e exterior a ele. Benveniste destaca a dêixis (pessoal, espacial e temporal) como marca explícita da relação do sujeito com o enunciado, evidenciando que esses elementos referem-se à realidade do discurso e só podem ser identificados em termos de locução, envolvendo, assim, as relações de subjetividade que compreendem locutor e um alocutário por ele instituído. A análise dos dados revelou que o sentido de um enunciado se dá pela possibilidade das escolhas sintagmáticas agenciadas por um locutor que se apropria da língua e enuncia a sua posição de sujeito ao declarar-se “eu” e instaurar um “tu” em um determinado espaço e tempo discursivo. O entendimento enunciativo dessas marcas nos comentários analisados proporciona uma reflexão sobre a língua em uso e a sua mediação, possibilitando modos de se conceber a linguagem e suas implicações metodológicas no ensino da Língua Portuguesa.
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Boivin, Marguerite. "Le marqueur ça : énonciation et discours /." Thèse, Québec : Université Laval, 1992. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992.Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'UQAC dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en linguistique extensionné de l'Université Laval à l'UQAC. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [81]-86. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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Padovani, Micheline Tacia de Brito. "Dêiticos discursivos: um olhar multicultural em Pepetela." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20169.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work is part of the Research Line History and Description of the Portuguese Language of the Program of Postgraduate Studies in Portuguese Language of PUC / SP. It presents as a theme: The speech of Pepetela and the representation of the Angolan universe based on literary text "The plateau and the steppe", 2009, published in the post-independence period of Angola. The author writes a literature that is committed to the Angolan historical context, its history makes reference to the social context of the country (Angola), demonstrating through the discourse how it was for the Angolan people to go through the process of independence of the Portuguese yoke (1961-1975) , The post-colonization period and the civil war (1975-2002) and the search of the people for their national identity, reconstructing a new history. Thus, the discussion of this theme is relevant, since it seeks to identify on which aspects the Portuguese Language assists in the historical process and the formation of national identity of the Angolan people. Thus, we explain some characteristics regarding the narrative and the particularities of the characters, because the work serves as an instrument to understand the multiculturality and the identity construction of the Angolan man. It is also worth mentioning that the Angolan novel is a meeting point for several discourses, various cultures, various ethnic groups, languages, because in Angola besides the Portuguese language other national languages are spoken and, in the context described by Pepetela, Languages of other nations. With this, we can say that literature is a comprehensive and interactive space between the subject enunciator (subject of writing), the enunciative and the historical texts that go through the narrative
Este trabalho insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa História e Descrição da Língua Portuguesa do Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Língua Portuguesa da PUC/SP. Apresenta como tema: O discurso de Pepetela e a representação do universo angolano com base em texto literário ―O planalto e a estepe‖, de 2009, publicado em período pós-independência de Angola. O autor escreve uma literatura engajada com o contexto histórico angolano, sua história faz referência ao contexto social do país (Angola), demonstrando por meio do discurso como foi para o povo angolano passar pelo processo de independência do jugo de Portugal (1961-1975), pelo período de póscolonização e pela guerra civil (1975-2002) e a busca do povo por sua identidade nacional reconstruindo uma nova história. Assim, a discussão desse tema mostra-se relevante, pois busca identificar sobre quais aspectos a Língua Portuguesa auxilia no processo histórico e de formação de identidade nacional do povo angolano. Dessa forma, explicitamos algumas características a respeito da narrativa e das particularidades dos personagens, pois a obra serve como instrumento para se compreender a multiculturalidade e a construção identitária do homem angolano. Cabe ressaltar, ainda, que o romance angolano é lugar de encontro de vários discursos, várias culturas, várias etnias, de várias línguas, porque em Angola além da Língua Portuguesa falam-se outras línguas nacionais e, no contexto descrito por Pepetela, temos ainda as línguas de outras nações. Com isso, podemos dizer que a literatura é um espaço abrangente e interativo entre o sujeito enunciador (sujeito da escrita), o enunciatário e os textos históricos que percorrem a narrativa
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Pari, Capa Edith. "Enunciación y deixis de persona. Análisis semántico de artículos de opinión." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/16764.
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El presente estudio tiene como objetivo abordar los aspectos que conforman la subjetividad del lenguaje en el proceso de la enunciación, sobre la base de la propuesta de Émile Benveniste en su teoría de la enunciación. Para ello, se analiza columnas de opinión de diarios peruanos de acceso masivo y se expone las características formales y procedimientos accesorios discursivos con los cuales el sujeto toma posición de su lengua. De esta manera, se define la enunciación en el cuadro de su estructura lingüística con contenido semántico y realización funcional. Asimismo, se esbozan las marcas formales de escritura, a partir de la enunciación y la expresión del individuo dentro de su lengua. Además, se examina, determina y describe la construcción discusiva en consideración con actos de comunicación de una comunidad lingüística. La metodología empleada es cualitativa. De modo que, se describe y examina discursos formales recopilados de textos de dos diarios de circulación nacional: La República y Correo, emitidos en una situación coyuntural y de debate sobre el indulto al expresidente Alberto Fujimor Fujimori en el 2012. La investigación permite concluir que la subjetividad del lenguaje se manifiesta con mayor grado de fuerza a través de la deixis personal, el modo enunciativo elocutivo y léxicos evaluativos y axiológicos. Por consiguiente, el conocimiento acopiado en una comunidad de lengua sobre un acto comunicativo corrobora que la enunciación es un dinamismo social de producción e interlocución.
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Solari, Ruiz-Eldredge Oscar Augusto. "Aspectos de la deixis espacial en la lengua asháninka del Alto Perené." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14203.
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Estudia los aspectos más importantes de las nociones que emplean los hablantes del dialecto del Alto Perené de la lengua ashéninka para la orientación en el ambiente en cuanto al espacio y su relación con la distancia y la posición. La descripción y el análisis de estas estructuras que guían la orientación en el espacio están dentro de un enfoque sincrónico y están basadas en los datos recogidos entre 2014 y 2018 en tres comunidades nativas asháninka ubicadas en la provincia de Chanchamayo, en el departamento de Junín. La deixis espacial en ashéninka se expresa a través de posposiciones adverbiales graduadoras de distancia, pronombres demostrativos y adverbios posicionales, incluyendo aquellas partículas que semánticamente tienen como puntos de referencia dimensiones naturales como el cielo, el suelo y el río; además de un verbo direccional que funciona como deíctico, permitiendo que el hablante se oriente dentro del ambiente donde habita. La orientación se origina desde la consciencia del emisor con respecto a su ubicación dentro del espacio, generándose al mismo tiempo un plano de referencia. Posteriormente esta noción se complementa con la consciencia del emisor sobre el ente referido, partiendo desde su ubicación, posición y distancia en la que este se halla desde el plano referencial del emisor o de otro referente; el segundo solo si fuera dentro de un contexto narrativo.Tesis
Books on the topic "Comparative and general Deixis"
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Lectures on Deixis. Stanford, Calif: CSLI Publications, 1997.
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Harweg, Roland. Studien zur Deixis. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer, 1990.
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Fuchs, Anna. Remarks on deixis. Heidelberg: J. Groos, 1993.
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Fuchs, Anna. Remarks on deixis. Heidelberg: Julius Groos Verlag, 1993.
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Grundzüge der Deixis. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer, 1985.
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Deixis, grammar, and culture. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. co., 1992.
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Deixis und Evidenz. Freiburg: Rombach, 2008.
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Fonseca, Fernanda Irene. Deixis, tempo e narração. Porto, Portugal: Fundação de Almeida, 1992.
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Frank, Brisard, and International Pragmatics Conference (7th : 2000 : Budapest, Hungary), eds. Grounding: The epistemic footing of deixis and reference. Berlin: M. de Gruyter, 2002.
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Rakhimov, S. Rechevai͡a︡ kommunikat͡s︡ii͡a︡ i problema deĭksisa v raznosistemnykh i͡a︡zykakh. Tashkent: Izd-vo "Fan" UzSSR, 1989.
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Kehoe, Timothy J. "Comparative Statics." In General Equilibrium, 76–83. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19802-3_7.
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Anderson, O. Roger. "General Perspectives on Protozoan Ecology." In Comparative Protozoology, 131–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11340-0_8.
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Anderson, O. Roger. "General Principles of Cell Fine Structure." In Comparative Protozoology, 177–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11340-0_10.
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Bardakci, Mehmet, Annette Freyberg-Inan, Christoph Giesel, and Olaf Leisse. "General and Comparative Analysis." In Religious Minorities in Turkey, 193–230. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-27026-9_7.
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Metzger, Axel, and Stefan Hennigs. "General Report." In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 3–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21560-0_1.
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Remak, Henry H. H. "General Preface." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 5. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.viii.01rem.
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Cornis-Pope, Marcel, and John Neubauer. "General introduction." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 1–18. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xix.05cor.
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Neubauer, John, Inna Peleva, and Mihály Szegedy-Maszák. "GENERAL INTRODUCTION." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 1–38. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.03neu.
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Klaić, Dragan. "General Introduction." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 143. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxii.23kla.
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Neubauer, John, and Marcel Cornis-Pope. "General Introduction." In Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, 1–9. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/chlel.xxv.02neu.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Comparative and general Deixis"
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Anjum, S., and A. I. Maswood. "Delta modulation with PI controller a comparative study." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596305.
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Chang, G. W., and C. I. Chen. "A comparative study of voltage flicker envelope estimation methods." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2008.4596228.
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Friedman, Carol. "A general computational treatment of the comparative." In the 27th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/981623.981643.
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Doody, P., and S. Santoso. "A comparative metric to quantify the variability of wind power." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275581.
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Ravi, Ambareesh, Xiaozhuo Yu, Iara Santelices, Fakhri Karray, and Baris Fidan. "General Frameworks for Anomaly Detection Explainability: Comparative Study." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Systems (ICAS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icas49788.2021.9551129.
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Nguyen, M. H., T. K. Saha, and M. Eghbal. "A comparative study of voltage stability for long distance HVAC and HVDC interconnections." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5589456.
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Meah, Kala, and Sadrul Ula. "Comparative Evaluation of HVDC and HVAC Transmission Systems." In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385993.
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Khodr, H. M., Zita Vale, Carlos Ramos, and P. Faria. "Optimization techniques for power distribution planning with uncertainties: A comparative study." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275569.
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Su, C. L. "Comparative analysis of voltage control strategies in distribution networks with distributed generation." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275443.
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Borghys, D., V. Achard, S. R. Rotman, N. Gorelik, C. Perneel, and E. Schweicher. "Hyperspectral anomaly detection: A comparative evaluation of methods." In 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2011.6050650.
Full textReports on the topic "Comparative and general Deixis"
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Keller, Margo. A comparative study of the reponses by varying socioeconomic groups on general knowledge and categorization tasks. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2241.
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Zhao, Binghao, Yu Wang, and Wenbin Ma. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutics for Elderly Glioblastoma: a Bayesian Network Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0094.
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Review question / Objective: At this time, a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to: (1) fill the research gap by giving rankings on treatment efficacy; (2) provide statistical evidence of not head-to-head comparisons; (3) seek out the best and up-to-date therapeutic strategy reported in latest RCTs; (4) address potential adverse events (AEs) of available treatments. Condition being studied: The incidence of glioblastoma (GBM) increases with age, until now, there has been less evidence on the optimal treatments for elderly GBM since only general GBM populations were included in clinical trials. Given the poor survival of elderly GBM, we collected randomized controlled trials about newly diagnosed GBM (ndGBM) and recurrent GBM, and conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis on ndGBM regarding overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). We revealed TTF + TMZ and TMZ + HFRT were likely to be best treatments for OS; BEV + HFRT and TMZ + HFRT were likely to be best options for PFS. Current study is the most comprehensive and powered network analysis on elderly GBM until now, it also provides more insights for elderly GBM management.
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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko, and Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.
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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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Chen, Ziying, Zefei Jiang, Ziyun Guo, Mengchao Wang, Zhen Wang, and Liwei Chen. Comparative efficacy of different types of acupuncture for cancer-related fatigue: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0012.
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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of all current acupuncture therapies for the treatment of CRF through network meta-analysis. Condition being studied: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has been defined as a distressing, persistent, subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer and/or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual functioning, as one of the most common symptoms in cancer and related therapies, presents a huge challenge to the quality of life for cancer patients. Unlike general fatigue that can be relieved with rest, CRF is more debilitating, more persistent, and manifests itself in various ways, both physically and mentally. The estimated prevalence of CRF varies widely by various fatigue evaluation indicators, types of cancer, and cancer treatments, ranging from 14.03% to 100%, however, the latest systematic review show that it can have a pooled prevalence of up to 52%, this deserves our attention. But there has been no gold standard treatment for CRF.
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Urfels, Marie. From state support to market and financialization measures in crisis times: A comparative literature review of the Swedish and German housing systems. Malmö University, Faculty of Culture and Society (KS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178772605.
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This paper present the findings of an extensive literature review on the housing systems in Germany and Sweden. The literature review majorly focuses on the rental housing sector but also touches upon other segments of the housing market, especially the cooperative housing sector. The report thus provides a general overview and situates the rental sector in the wider context of the overall housing market in the two countries. The paper adds valuable knowledge about the large differences in the post-war responses to the housing shortage in Germany and Sweden. While Sweden responded with a universal off-market approach to housing, (West) Germany implemented a dualist housing system within a social market economy. Despite differences in past solutions, the contemporary problems seem to be similar. The report concludes that, in the search of a response to the current housing crisis, Germany sees a re-emergence of the state, while Sweden’s next moves are uncertain.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.
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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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Buraschi, Daniel, and Dirk Godenau. How does Tenerife society perceive immigration? Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2019.15.
Full textAbstract:
The social perceptions of immigration and the attitudes that Tenerife society has towards immigrants are essential aspects of the dynamics of intercultural coexistence. The Tenerife Immigration Observatory has conducted research that has shows that in general terms the society in Tenerife has a positive perception of immigration, although there is a generalized perception of comparative grievance, based on the idea that migrants are treated more favourably by public institutions
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von Sigsfeld, Julia. Ancestral Knowledges and the Ecuadorian Knowledge Society. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/sigsfeld.2020.24.
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The government of Rafael Correa (2007-2017) embarked on an ambitious project of diversifying the national economy to transition from a primary resource exporting economy to a competitive Knowledge Society and a Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy as biodiversity was conceptualized as the country’s most significant comparative advantage. This paper traces how peoples’ and nationalities’ knowledges, so-called ancestral knowledges, were elicited in unprecedented ways in this context of bringing about a change of the productive matrix. While knowledge in general was reframed as an infinite resource, ancestral knowledges were made productive for a state-led project of capitalist modernization.
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Toney, Autumn, and Melissa Flagg. Comparing the United States' and China's Leading Roles in the Landscape of Science. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210020.
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Using CSET’s new Map of Science to examine clusters of research publications, this data brief presents a comparative analysis of U.S. and Chinese research publication outputs. The authors find that global competition outcomes differ depending on the level of granularity when comparing research publication data. In a granular view of global scientific research, the United States and China together dominate almost two-thirds of the research publication output, with the rest of the world leading in more than one-third of publication output. In a general view of global scientific research, only China and the United States appear as leaders in research output.
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Domínguez, Roberto. Perceptions of the European Union in Latin America. Fundación Carolina, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt76en.
Full textAbstract:
This working paper examines the puzzle of the gaps between the images that the EU projects, voluntarily and involuntarily, and the perceptions of the EU in Latin America. After reviewing some of the debates related to the role of perceptions in public policy and EU Public Diplomacy (EUPD), the paper analyzes some critical developments in global perceptions of the EU based on the study Update of the 2015 Analysis of the Perception of the EU and EU Policies Abroad (2021 Update Study), which assessed the attitudes of the EU in 13 countries. The third section examines some studies on the attitudes of the EU in Latin America, including some contributions from Latinobarometer. The fourth section offers comparative cases of EU perception in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia based on the findings of the 2021 Update Study. The analysis of each country relies on the interpretation of surveys with some references to the press analysis and interview methods provided in the 2021 Update Study. Each case discusses specific trends in the following areas: visibility, primary descriptors, global economics, and international leadership. Also, it identifies some patterns in perceptions of the EU in social development, climate change, research/technology, development assistance, culture, the case of the critical juncture in the survey (pandemic), and the EU as a normative setter. The final section offers some general trends in the perceptions of the EU in Latin America.