Journal articles: 'Companions'

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Latané, David E. "A Companion to Companions." Victorians Institute Journal 39 (July 1, 2011): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/victinstj.39.2011.0127.

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Isenberg, Sarina, Rebecca Aslakson, J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Thomas J. Smith, Katherine Clegg Smith, Sarabdeep Singh, Jennifer L. Wolff, and Debra Roter. "Family companions’ involvement during pre-surgical consent visits for major cancer surgery and its relationship to visit communication and satisfaction." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.30.

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30 Background: While research has explored the role of companions (accompanying family members) in medical visits, studies have not examined companions’ involvement in pre-surgical visits. This study explored how companions’ presence impacts communication and satisfaction during pre-surgical visits to discuss major cancer surgery. Methods: Secondary analysis of 61 pre-surgical visit recordings with 8 surgical oncologists at an academic tertiary care hospital. Recordings were analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System, and surgeons and patients completed a post-visit satisfaction questionnaire. Poisson and logistic regression models were used to assess differences in communication and satisfaction when companions were present (n = 46, 75%) and not present (n = 16, 25%). Models were fit using generalized estimating equations to account for nesting of patients within surgeons. Results: Companion communication was largely emotional and facilitative. In unadjusted analyses, companion presence was associated with a 29% increase in surgeon talk in the visit overall (IRR 1.29, p = 0.006), and a 41% increase in the amount of medical information provided (IRR 1.41, p = 0.001). Companion presence was associated with 45% less patient disclosure related to lifestyle/psychosocial topics (IRR 0.55, p = 0.037). In adjusted analyses, companions’ presence was associated with 23% lower levels of patient-centeredness (IRR 0.77, p 0.004). No difference between visits with and without companions in patient nor surgeon satisfaction. Conclusions: Companions’ presence increased the medical focus of the discussion; surgeons conveyed more medical information, and patients disclosed less psychosocial information. Companions might perceive patients as anxious prior to major surgery, compelling companions to advocate for the patient. Companion’s presence might be beneficial; however, this benefit might not be captured by the patient-centeredness ratio. As there was no difference in satisfaction, patient and surgeon satisfaction may not be predicated on patient-centeredness, but on the conveyance of timely, surgery-related information. Clinical trial information: NCT02489799.

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Mitchell, Jamie, Jaclynn Hawkins, Ed-Dee G. Williams, Susan Eggly, and Terrance L. Albrecht. "Decoding the Role of Companions in Supporting the Health Communication of Older African-American Men With Cancer." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519844098.

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The objective of this study was to systematically characterize the content and patterning of companion’s communicative behavior during oncology consultations for older African-American male patients. Companions and family members often play an important role in patient-centered communication for patients with cancer. Despite their disproportionate cancer burden, little is known about how companions facilitate patient-provider communication for older African-American men with cancer. This study represents a secondary qualitative analysis of 14 video-recorded doctor patient-companion medical visits for African-American male patients with cancer. Videos were captured with consent and institutional review board approval at a Midwest comprehensive cancer center between 2002 and 2006. These medical visits were transcribed, deidentified, and analyzed for the content, frequency, co-occurrence, and thematic clustering of companions’ active participation behaviors during the interaction. Results were well aligned with existing studies on accompanied oncology visits. Patients were on average, 60.14 years old and all but one of the 16 companions was a woman. A total 782 companion behaviors were coded across 14 medical interactions. While companions communicated directly with providers (eg, asking questions, providing medical history) and directly with patients (eg, clarifying information, giving advice), there was a lack of triadic communication. This study clarifies the role of mainly spousal companions as important intermediaries in the patient-provider communication dynamic for older African-American men with cancer.

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Wiebe, Lauren E., Helle Molsted Alvesson, and Willem Stassen. "Companion restrictions in the emergency department during COVID-19: physician perceptions from the Western Cape, South Africa." BMJ Open 13, no. 5 (May 2023): e070982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070982.

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ObjectivesTo determine emergency department (ED) physicians’ perceptions regarding hospital companions being prohibited from accompanying the patient during COVID-19.DesignTwo qualitative datasets were combined. Data collected included voice recordings, narrative interviewing and semistructured interviews. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted and guided by the Normalisation Process Theory.SettingSix hospital EDs in the Western Cape, South Africa.ParticipantsConvenience sampling was used to recruit a total of eight physicians working full time in the ED during COVID-19.ResultsThe lack of physical companions provided an opportunity for physicians to assess and reflect on a companion’s role in efficient patient care. Physicians perceived that the COVID-19 restrictions illuminated that patient companions engaged in the ED as providers contributing to patient care by providing collateral information and patient support, while simultaneously engaging as consumers detracting physicians from their priorities and patient care. These restrictions prompted the physicians to consider how they understand their patients largely through the companions. When companions became virtual, the physicians were forced to shift how they perceive their patient, which included increased empathy.ConclusionThe reflections of providers can feed into discussions about values within the healthcare system and can help explore the balance between medical and social safety, especially with companion restrictions still being practised in some hospitals. These perceptions illuminate various tradeoffs physicians had to consider throughout the pandemic and may be used to improve companion policies when planning for the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and future disease outbreaks.

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Cadman, James, Cassandra Hall, Clémence Fontanive, and Ken Rice. "Binary companions triggering fragmentation in self-gravitating discs." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac033.

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ABSTRACT Observations of systems hosting close-in (<1 au) giant planets and brown dwarfs (M ≳ 7 MJup) find an excess of binary-star companions, indicating that stellar multiplicity may play an important role in their formation. There is now increasing evidence that some of these objects may have formed via fragmentation in gravitationally unstable discs. We present a suite of 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of binary-star systems with circumprimary self-gravitating discs, which include a realistic approximation to radiation transport, and extensively explore the companion’s orbital parameter space for configurations that may trigger fragmentation. We identify a ‘sweet spot’ where intermediate separation binary companions (100 au ≲ a ≲ 400 au) can cause a marginally stable disc to fragment. The exact range of ideal binary separations is a function of the companion’s eccentricity, inclination, and mass. Heating is balanced by efficient cooling, and fragmentation occurs inside a spiral mode driven by the companion. Short separation, disc-penetrating binary encounters (a ≲ 100 au) are prohibitive to fragmentation, as mass stripping and disc heating quench any instability. This is also true of binary companions with high orbital eccentricities (e ≳ 0.75). Wide separation companions (a ≳ 500 au) have little effect on the disc properties for the set-up parameters considered here. The sweet spot found is consistent with the range of binary separations that display an excess of close-in giant planets and brown dwarfs. Hence, we suggest that fragmentation triggered by a binary companion may contribute to the formation of these substellar objects.

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Danforth, Scot. "“Companions”." Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies: Volume 15, Issue 4 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2021.32.

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The documentary Crip Camp presents a 1970s summer camp for disabled youth as a place of friendship and political dialogues that spawned the American disability rights movement. The film also represented Camp Jened as a haven of racial harmony and inclusion. Jened was not the only American micro-community of disability solidarity and political possibilities that also involved questions of racial politics. Scholars have criticized disability activists and disability studies scholars for neglecting problems of racial oppression. This historical study examines three examples of empowering disability subcultures in twentieth century America: Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Warm Springs rehabilitation resort from the mid-1920s through the mid-1940s, the Rolling Quads at the University of California, Berkeley, in the late 1960s, and Camp Interdependence in California in the 1980s. The article interrogates the racial politics of these egalitarian communities.

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Ginzburg, Sivan, and Eliot Quataert. "Black widow formation by pulsar irradiation and sustained magnetic braking." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 500, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 1592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3358.

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ABSTRACT Black widows are millisecond pulsars with low-mass companions, a few per cent the mass of the sun, on orbits of several hours. These companions are presumably the remnants of main-sequence stars that lost their mass through a combination of Roche lobe overflow and ablation by the host pulsar’s high-energy radiation. While ablation itself is too weak to significantly reduce the mass of the companion star, the ablated wind couples to its magnetic field, removes orbital angular momentum, and thus maintains stable Roche lobe overflow. We use the mesa stellar evolution code, complemented by analytical estimates, to track initially main-sequence companions as they are reduced to a fraction of their original mass by this ablation-driven magnetic braking. We argue that magnetic braking remains effective even for low-mass companions. A key ingredient of our model is that the irradiating luminosity of the pulsar Lirr deposits energy in the companion’s atmosphere and thereby slows down its Kelvin–Helmholtz cooling. We find that the high-energy luminosities measured by Fermi $L_{\rm irr}=0.1\rm {-}3$ L⊙ can explain the span of black widow orbital periods. The same Lirr range reproduces the companions’ night-side temperatures, which cluster around 3000 K, as inferred from optical light curves.

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Gizachew, Kidist, Tewodros Getinet, and Delayehu Bekele. "Perception and Experience of Post-partum Women Towards Birth Companions at a Tertiary Hospital and its Catchment Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 14, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.69614/ejrh.v14i4.488.

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Background: Birth companion refers to a person who provides support to laboring women during child birth. Various studies have shown the benefits of birth companions. The objective of this study was to assess the attitude of mothers towards the involvement of birth companions during child birth at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and its selected catchment health centers. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional study to determine the perception of postpartum mothers on the involvement of birth companions during child birth. Result: The study included a total of 393 postpartum women. The finding from the study showed majority of the post-partum women (98.7%) were not allowed to have companions during labor. Among postpartum women 27.3 % has negative attitude towards involvement of birth companions. The commonest reasons mentioned by post-partum women for having negative attitude to this practice included need for privacy, religious values and fear of overburdening family members with stress. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that majority of women were denied the option of having a birth companion. The study has also shown the desire to have birth companion isn’t universal among laboring women in our setup. There is a need to understand the socio-cultural values of the community before embarking on widespread implementation of involvement of birth companions. Key words: Birth companions, post-partum women, Ethiopia

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AlKhunaizi, Anwar Nader, Areej Ghalib Al-Otaibi, Manal F. Alharbi, and Ghareeb Bahari. "Exploring Healthcare Providers’ and Women’s Perspectives of Labor Companionship during Childbirth: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Study." Healthcare 12, no. 9 (April 23, 2024): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12090869.

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A labor companion of choice during childbirth is crucial for improving women’s birth experience and confidence to give birth. Labor companions provide various benefits, including enhanced communication, emotional support, non-pharmacological pain relief, and better healthcare. However, little is known about the supportive actions of labor companions with respect to women’s needs during labor and birth, as well as healthcare providers’ perceptions of labor companions. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the perceptions of healthcare providers and women regarding labor companions. The study utilized an interpretative phenomenology research design. Data collection involved conducting semi-structured interviews with 14 participants. The sample consisted of mothers, physicians, and nurses, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted for data analysis. Five themes were identified: (a) impact of companionship, (b) benefits for healthcare providers, (c) companion roles, (d) loneliness and alienation of mothers, and (e) challenges of implementation. The findings indicated that the presence of a companion reduces the need for unnecessary medical interventions and eases the workload of healthcare providers. Without a companion, mothers often feel lonely and disconnected during the birthing process. The presence of companions is often hindered by space limitations in delivery rooms, the absence of clear policies, and lack of childbirth education programs for companions. Clear policies, education programs, and adequate space are essential for implementing and promoting labor companionship during childbirth.

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Blackson, Thomas A. "A Companion to Ancient Philosophy (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy)." Ancient Philosophy 29, no. 1 (2009): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil200929120.

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Fields, Noelle L., Ling Xu, Virginia E. Richardson, Rupal Parekh, Dorothea Ivey, Gretchen Feinhals, and Melanie Calhoun. "The Senior Companion Program Plus: A culturally tailored psychoeducational training program (innovative practice)." Dementia 19, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301216685626.

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A purposive sample of African American Senior Companions ( N = 23) participated in a 5-day, 20-hour psychoeducational training designed to address the unique cultural needs of African American dementia caregivers. Previous studies have not utilized lay caregiver volunteers such as Senior Companions in dementia research in the United States. Pre- and post-tests were administered to determine whether African American Senior Companions increased their knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease after participating in the Senior Companion Program Plus. Results from both the quantitative and qualitative data suggest that participants improved their understanding of Alzheimer’s disease. Findings from the Senior Companion Program Plus pilot warrant further study for its potential as cost effective, culturally tailored training for Senior Companions who serve persons with dementia and their family caregivers.

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Runtuwene, Amelia. "Sacred Companions." Jurnal Youth Ministry 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47901/jym.v2i1.66.

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Boire, Carissa, and Laura Lucas. "Birth Companions." Journal of Perinatal Education 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/j-pe-d-20-00064.

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The benefits of continuous labor support have been repeatedly discussed in the literature and supported by professional obstetric organizations. At the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, students are offered the unique opportunity to learn how to be a doula. The Birth Companions program provides nursing students the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills to provide continuous labor support to women of Baltimore and surrounding areas. This faculty-led, student-run program also supports student engagement in service learning, and practice regarding leadership skills and interprofessional collaboration as a student nurse.

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Klostermeier, Dagmar. "Lifelong companions." RNA Biology 10, no. 1 (January 2013): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.23500.

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Wilks, Yorick. "Artificial companions." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 30, no. 2 (June 2005): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030801805x25945.

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Reichert, Stefanie. "Star companions." Nature Physics 15, no. 8 (August 2019): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0639-9.

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Wiegand, Krista E., and Emilia Justynia Powell. "Unexpected Companions." Conflict Management and Peace Science 28, no. 3 (July 2011): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894211404792.

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Empirical research suggests that the existence of territorial disputes makes armed conflict more likely to occur. Yet, there are many states that have engaged in militarized interstate disputes that not only maintain normalized bilateral relations, but cooperate with one another on an increasing number of bilateral issues. How can disputing states like Argentina and the UK so frequently cooperate with each other on bilateral issues when there remains a significant amount of tension regarding their territorial dispute over the Falklands/Malvinas Islands? Our theory suggests that challengers involved in territorial disputes are willing to engage in bilateral cooperation with their adversaries in order to influence upcoming territorial settlement attempts. Bilateral cooperation is purposively and strategically used by the challengers as a form of confidence building measure (CBM) with the goal of reducing the negative impact of the territorial dispute. Empirical analyses of monthly data (1978—2003) on Argentina—UK relations, as well as qualitative evidence from the case, support our theoretical expectations by showing that challengers deliberately link cooperation on bilateral issues to territorial dispute settlement attempts as a form of bargaining incentive to increase the likelihood of peaceful resolution.

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Smith, Robert Connon. "Good companions." Nature 314, no. 6006 (March 1985): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314024a0.

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Kumar, Shiv S. "Stellar Companions." Physics Today 39, no. 3 (March 1986): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814951.

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Luzzatto, Lucio. "Blood companions." Nature 335, no. 6193 (October 1988): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335777b0.

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Fletcher, Guy. "UNEASY COMPANIONS." Ratio 22, no. 3 (September 2009): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2009.00438.x.

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Evans, H. E. "Inevitable Companions." Science 267, no. 5197 (January 27, 1995): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5197.548.

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Marti, Patrizia. "Robot companions." Interaction Studies 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.11.2.07mar.

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Biernacki, Dariusz, Sergueï Lenglet, and Piotr Polesiuk. "Diacritical Companions." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 347 (November 2019): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2019.09.003.

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MILLIGAN, TONY. "Dependent Companions." Journal of Applied Philosophy 26, no. 4 (November 2009): 402–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.2009.00460.x.

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Banerjee, A. "Oxford Companions." Sewanee Review 120, no. 4 (2012): 658–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sew.2012.0117.

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Woodcock, Diana. "Suggested Companions." Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 19, no. 1 (2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scs.2019.0014.

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Schiffer, Hanno. "Invisible Companions." German Research 31, no. 3 (December 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/germ.201090010.

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Scharper, Stephen B. "Inseparable Companions." Arc: The Journal of the School of Religious Studies 20 (May 1, 1992): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/arc.v20i.581.

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Holmes, David R. "Traveling Companions." JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 11, no. 21 (November 2018): 2193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2018.07.010.

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Uyama, Taichi, Charles Beichman, Masayuki Kuzuhara, Markus Janson, Takayuki Kotani, Dimitri Mawet, Bun’ei Sato, et al. "Direct Imaging Explorations for Companions around Mid–Late M Stars from the Subaru/IRD Strategic Program." Astronomical Journal 165, no. 4 (March 17, 2023): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/acbf37.

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Abstract The Subaru telescope is currently performing a strategic program (SSP) using the high-precision near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer IRD to search for exoplanets around nearby mid/late M dwarfs via radial velocity (RV) monitoring. As part of the observing strategy for the exoplanet survey, signatures of massive companions such as RV trends are used to reduce the priority of those stars. However, this RV information remains useful for studying the stellar multiplicity of nearby M dwarfs. To search for companions around such “deprioritized” M dwarfs, we observed 14 IRD-SSP targets using Keck/NIRC2 with pyramid wave-front sensing at NIR wavelengths, leading to high sensitivity to substellar-mass companions within a few arcseconds. We detected two new companions (LSPM J1002+1459 B and LSPM J2204+1505 B) and two new candidates that are likely companions (LSPM J0825+6902 B and LSPM J1645+0444 B), as well as one known companion. Including two known companions resolved by the IRD fiber injection module camera, we detected seven (four new) companions at projected separations between ∼2 and 20 au in total. A comparison of the colors with the spectral library suggests that LSPM J2204+1505 B and LSPM J0825+6902 B are located at the boundary between late M and early L spectral types. Our deep high-contrast imaging for targets where no bright companions were resolved did not reveal any additional companion candidates. The NIRC2 detection limits could constrain potential substellar-mass companions (∼10–75 M Jup) at 10 au or further. The failure with Keck/NIRC2 around the IRD-SSP stars having significant RV trends makes these objects promising targets for further RV monitoring or deeper imaging with the James Webb Space Telescope to search for smaller-mass companions below the NIRC2 detection limits.

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Allen, P. R., D. W. Koerner, M. W. McElwain, G. R. Murphy, I. Neill Reid, J. E. Gizis, and J. Davy Kirkpatrick. "A Search for Companions to L Dwarfs." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 211 (2003): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900210814.

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We present the results of two imaging surveys for companions to low-luminosity dwarfs, one with Keck to a limiting magnitude of K = 20, and the other with HST to a limiting magnitude of I = 23. No companions were found at separations of 0″.5 to 20″.0, but seven companions were found within 0″.5. Based on sub-stellar evolutionary models, we estimate the companion detection efficiency as a function of mass ratio. This modeling, coupled with the data, place strong upper limits on the mass ratios of unobserved companions. We conclude that no companions exist in the optimal sensitivity regions of both surveys for q > 0.85 (HST), and q > 0.4 (Keck).

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Factor, Samuel M., and Adam L. Kraus. "NICMOS Kernel-phase Interferometry. I. Catalogue of Brown Dwarfs Observed in F110W and F170M." Astronomical Journal 164, no. 6 (November 11, 2022): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac88d3.

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Abstract Filling out the dearth of detections between direct imaging and radial velocity surveys will test theories of planet formation and (sub)stellar binarity across the full range of semimajor axes, connecting formation of close- to wide-separation gas giants and substellar companions. Direct detection of close-in companions is notoriously difficult: coronagraphs and point-spread function subtraction techniques fail near the λ/D diffraction limit. We present a new faint companion detection pipeline called Argus that analyzes kernel phases, an interferometric observable analogous to closure phases from nonredundant aperture masking but utilizing the full unobscured telescope aperture. We demonstrate the pipeline, and the power of interferometry, by performing a companion search on the entire HST/NICMOS F110W and F170M image archive of 114 nearby brown dwarfs (observed in seven different programs). Our pipeline is able to detect companions down to flux ratios of ∼102 at half the classical diffraction limit. We discover no new companions, but recover and refine astrometry of 19 previous imaging companions (two with multiple epochs) and confirm two previous kernel-phase detections. We discuss the limitations of this technique with respect to nondetections of previously confirmed or proposed companions. We present contrast curves to enable population studies to leverage nondetections and to demonstrate the strength of this technique at separations inaccessible to classical imaging techniques. The binary fraction of our sample ( ϵ b = 14.4 − 3.0 + 4.7 %) is consistent with previous binary surveys, even with sensitivity to much tighter separation companions.

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Aguiar, Naomi Ruth, Candice M. Mottweilier, Marjorie Taylor, and Philip A. Fisher. "The Imaginary Companions Created by Children Who Have Lived in Foster Care." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 36, no. 4 (April 24, 2017): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276236617700590.

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This study was designed to provide some preliminary information about the imaginary companions created by children who have lived in foster care, including prevalence rates and qualitative descriptions of the imaginary companions. We were also interested in how descriptions of the imaginary companions created by children who had lived in foster care compare to those of other children. Children with a history of foster care ( n = 21) and children from a low socioeconomic status community sample ( n = 39) were interviewed about imaginary companions. Twenty-six children (43.3%) reported having imaginary companions. Although having an imaginary companion has sometimes been believed to be more common in children with a history of maltreatment, in this preliminary study, prevalence rates did not differ between the two groups of children. In addition, both groups of children described companions that were a positive source of entertainment, friendship, and social support.

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Evans, Nancy Remage. "A Search For Cepheid Binaries Using the Call H And K Lines." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 82 (1985): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100109133.

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AbstractA survey of 24 classical Cepheids has been made to search for blue companions using the Call H and K lines. It is shown that this technique can detect an early A companion for a typical Cepheid. A blue companion of SU Cas was discovered and upper limits for the companions for a number of previously suspected binaries were established.

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Salama, Maïssa, Carl Ziegler, Christoph Baranec, Michael C. Liu, Nicholas M. Law, Reed Riddle, Todd J. Henry, et al. "An Adaptive Optics Census of Companions to Northern Stars Within 25 pc with Robo-AO." Astronomical Journal 163, no. 5 (April 7, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac53fc.

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Abstract In order to assess the multiplicity statistics of stars across spectral types and populations in a volume-limited sample, we censused nearby stars for companions with Robo-AO. We report on observations of 1157 stars of all spectral types within 25 pc with decl. >−13° searching for tight companions. We detected 154 companion candidates with separations ranging from ∼0.″15 to 4.″0 and magnitude differences up to Δm i ′ ≤ 7 using the robotic adaptive optics instrument Robo-AO. We confirmed physical association from Gaia EDR3 astrometry for 53 of the companion candidates, 99 remain to be confirmed, and two were ruled out as background objects. We complemented the high-resolution imaging companion search with a search for comoving objects with separations out to 10,000 au in Gaia EDR3, which resulted in an additional 147 companions registered. Of the 301 total companions reported in this study, 49 of them are new discoveries. Out of the 191 stars with significant acceleration measurements in the Hipparcos–Gaia catalog of accelerations, we detect companions around 115 of them, with the significance of the acceleration increasing as the companion separation decreases. From this survey, we report the following multiplicity fractions (compared to literature values): 40.9% ± 3.0% (44%) for FGK stars and 28.2% ± 2.3% (27%) for M stars, as well as higher-order fractions of 5.5% ± 1.1% (11%) and 3.9% ± 0.9% (5%) for FGK stars and M-type stars, respectively.

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McLoughlin, David. "A Companion to Bonaventure (Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition)." Medieval Mystical Theology 24, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20465726.2015.1119429.

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Jordan, Tim. "Troubling Companions: Companion Species and the Politics of Inter-relations." NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 19, no. 4 (December 2011): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.2011.620003.

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Beck, Alan M. "Companion Animals and Their Companions: Sharing a Strategy for Survival." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 19, no. 4 (August 1999): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046769901900404.

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HUANG, XINYUE. "Mass and orbital solutions of stellar companions from HGCA and lick." Theoretical and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (November 30, 2023): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/13/20240850.

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Astrometry or radial velocity method, as an exoplanet detection and characterisation method, needs more information to reveal the complete orbit solution of stellar companions. We combine these two methods by cross-calibrating the Hipparcos-Gaia Catalogue of Accelerating Stars and Lick data to generate more precise mass and orbital solutions of stellar companions from the overlap of these two databases. We use an open-source package, orvara, to simulate the posterior parameters of companions from candidate stars. To simplify the simulation, we assume all systems in this research contain only a 2-body Keplerian fit. A final result of 16 candidates is selected, and five companions with the lowest masses are further discussed. Among these five companions, four in system HIP42112, HIP49699, HIP74948 and HIP98819 were discovered and recorded in previous work. This paper has found an undiscovered potential brown dwarf companion near HIP98978. The result of this paper could help future studies of low-mass companions of exoplanets.

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Markus, André, Astrid Carolus, and Carolin Wienrich. "What does the perfect Companion in Games look like? Development and Validation of the Companion Design Scale." Journal of Games, Game Art, and Gamification 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jggag.v9i1.11177.

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Artificial intelligence gives companions in games (a special form of non-player characters) social, adaptive, and interactive characteristics that can influence the gaming experience. Initial design frameworks for these characteristics have been developed in research, but empirical validation and methods for quantifying their impact on game experience are still lacking. To close this gap, the study developed the Companion Design Scale, which operationalizes the design of companion characteristics and measures their impact on the game experience. Structural equation modeling shows that the scale measures companion characteristics reliably and validly. In addition, the study emphasizes the relevance of companion design in general, but also regarding specific design factors for the game experience. First practical analyses provide design recommendations for game design. This study thus offers insights into the design principles of humanoid AI companions and provides a basis for systematic studies on the psychological effects of artificial companions on users.

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Klement, Robert, Thomas Rivinius, Douglas R. Gies, Dietrich Baade, Antoine Mérand, John D. Monnier, Gail H. Schaefer, et al. "The CHARA Array Interferometric Program on the Multiplicity of Classical Be Stars: New Detections and Orbits of Stripped Subdwarf Companions." Astrophysical Journal 962, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad13ec.

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Abstract Rapid rotation and nonradial pulsations enable Be stars to build decretion disks, where the characteristic line emission forms. A major but unconstrained fraction of Be stars owe their rapid rotation to mass and angular momentum transfer in a binary. The faint, stripped companions can be helium-burning subdwarf OB-type stars (sdOBs), white dwarfs (WDs), or neutron stars. We present optical/near-infrared Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) interferometry of 37 Be stars selected for spectroscopic indications of low-mass companions. From multiepoch H- and/or K-band interferometry plus radial velocities and parallaxes collected elsewhere, we constructed 3D orbits and derived flux ratios and absolute dynamical masses of both components for six objects, quadrupling the number of anchor points for evolutionary models. In addition, a new wider companion was identified for the known Be + sdO binary 59 Cyg, while auxiliary Very Large Telescope Interferometer/GRAVITY spectrointerferometry confirmed circumstellar matter around the sdO companion to HR 2142. On the other hand, we failed to detect any companion to the six Be stars with γ Cas–like X-ray emission, with sdOB and main-sequence companions of the expected spectroscopic mass being ruled out for the X-ray-prototypical stars γ Cas and π Aqr, leaving elusive WDs as the most likely companions, as well as a likely explanation of the X-rays. No low-mass main-sequence close companions were identified for the other stars.

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Laufman, Lauren, Claudia Scarlata, Matthew Hayes, and Evan Skillman. "On the Triggering of Extreme Starburst Events in Low-metallicity Galaxies: A Deep Search for Companions of Green Peas." Astrophysical Journal 940, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac97ef.

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Abstract Green pea galaxies are starbursting, low-mass galaxies that are good analogues to star-forming galaxies in the early universe. We perform a survey of 23 green peas using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) Integral Field Unit spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope to search for companion galaxies. The survey reaches an average point-source depth of ∼10−18 erg cm−2 s−1 for emission lines. The MUSE field of view allows us to probe a 1 × 1 arcmin2 field around these galaxies and to search their surroundings for faint companions that could have interacted with them and induced their starburst episodes. We search for companions using a variety of methods including template matching to emission- and absorption-line spectra. When restricting the search to the same physical area (R = 78 kpc) for all galaxies, we find that the fraction of green pea galaxies with companions is 0.11 − 0.05 + 0.07 . We define a control sample of star-forming galaxies with the same stellar masses and redshifts as the green peas, but consistent with the star formation main sequence. We find that green pea galaxies are as likely to have companions as the control sample; for which the fraction of objects with companions is 0.08 − 0.03 + 0.05 . Given that we do not find statistical evidence for an elevated companion fraction in the green peas in this study, we argue that the “companions” are likely unrelated to the bursts in these galaxies.

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Rodet, Laetitia, and Dong Lai. "The impact of stellar clustering on the observed multiplicity of super-earth systems: outside–in cascade of orbital misalignments initiated by stellar flybys." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 1010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3046.

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ABSTRACT A recent study suggests that the observed multiplicity of super-Earth (SE) systems is correlated with stellar overdensities: field stars in high phase-space density environments have an excess of single-planet systems compared to stars in low-density fields. This correlation is puzzling as stellar clustering is expected to influence mostly the outer part of planetary systems. Here, we examine the possibility that stellar flybys indirectly excite the mutual inclinations of initially coplanar SEs, breaking their co-transiting geometry. We propose that flybys excite the inclinations of exterior substellar companions, which then propagate the perturbation to the inner SEs. Using analytical calculations of the secular coupling between SEs and companions, together with numerical simulations of stellar encounters, we estimate the expected number of ‘effective’ flybys per planetary system that lead to the destruction of the SE co-transiting geometry. Our analytical results can be rescaled easily for various SE and companion properties (masses and semimajor axes) and stellar cluster parameters (density, velocity dispersion, and lifetime). We show that for a given SE system, there exists an optimal companion architecture that leads to the maximum number of effective flybys; this results from the trade-off between the flyby cross-section and the companion’s impact on the inner system. Subject to uncertainties in the cluster parameters, we conclude that this mechanism is inefficient if the SE system has a single exterior companion, but may play an important role in ‘SE + two companions’ systems that were born in dense stellar clusters. Whether this effect causes the observed correlation between planet multiplicity and stellar overdensities remains to be confirmed.

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Bohn, Alexander J., Christian Ginski, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Tiffany Meshkat, Mark J. Pecaut, Maddalena Reggiani, et al. "Unveiling wide-orbit companions to K-type stars in Sco-Cen with Gaia EDR3." Astronomy & Astrophysics 657 (January 2022): A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039917.

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Context. The detection of low-mass companions to stellar hosts is important for testing the formation scenarios of these systems. Companions at wide separations are particularly intriguing objects as they are easily accessible for variability studies of the rotational dynamics and cloud coverage of these brown dwarfs or planetary-mass objects. Aims. We aim to identify new low-mass companions to young stars using the astrometric measurements provided by the Gaia space mission. When possible, we use high-contrast imaging data collected with VLT/SPHERE. Methods. We identified companion candidates from a sample of K-type, pre-main-sequence stars in the Scorpius Centaurus association using the early version of the third data release of the Gaia space mission. Based on the provided positions, proper motions, and magnitudes, we identified all objects within a predefined radius, whose differential proper motions are consistent with a gravitationally bound system. As the ages of our systems are known, we derived companion masses through comparison with evolutionary tracks. For seven identified companion candidates we used additional data collected with VLT/SPHERE and VLT/NACO to assess the accuracy of the properties of the companions based on Gaia photometry alone. Results. We identify 110 comoving companions that have a companionship likelihood of more than 95%. Further color-magnitude analysis confirms their Sco-Cen membership. We identify ten especially intriguing companions that have masses in the brown dwarf regime down to 20 MJup. Our high-contrast imaging data confirm both astrometry and photometric masses derived from Gaia alone. We discovered a new brown dwarf companion, TYC 8252-533-1 B, with a projected separation of approximately 570 au from its Sun-like primary. It is likely to be located outside the debris disk around its primary star and SED modeling of Gaia, SPHERE, and NACO photometry provides a companion mass of 52−11+17 MJup. Conclusions. We show that the Gaia database can identify low-mass companions at wide separations from their host stars. For K-type Sco-Cen members, Gaia can detect sub-stellar objects at projected separations larger than 300 au and with a sensitivity limit beyond 1000 au and a lower mass limit down to 20 MJup. A similar analysis of other star-forming regions could significantly enlarge the sample size of such objects and facilitate testing of the formation and evolution theories of planetary systems.

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Bohn, Alexander J., Christian Ginski, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Eric E. Mamajek, Tiffany Meshkat, Mark J. Pecaut, Maddalena Reggiani, et al. "Unveiling wide-orbit companions to K-type stars in Sco-Cen with Gaia EDR3." Astronomy & Astrophysics 657 (January 2022): A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039917.

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Context. The detection of low-mass companions to stellar hosts is important for testing the formation scenarios of these systems. Companions at wide separations are particularly intriguing objects as they are easily accessible for variability studies of the rotational dynamics and cloud coverage of these brown dwarfs or planetary-mass objects. Aims. We aim to identify new low-mass companions to young stars using the astrometric measurements provided by the Gaia space mission. When possible, we use high-contrast imaging data collected with VLT/SPHERE. Methods. We identified companion candidates from a sample of K-type, pre-main-sequence stars in the Scorpius Centaurus association using the early version of the third data release of the Gaia space mission. Based on the provided positions, proper motions, and magnitudes, we identified all objects within a predefined radius, whose differential proper motions are consistent with a gravitationally bound system. As the ages of our systems are known, we derived companion masses through comparison with evolutionary tracks. For seven identified companion candidates we used additional data collected with VLT/SPHERE and VLT/NACO to assess the accuracy of the properties of the companions based on Gaia photometry alone. Results. We identify 110 comoving companions that have a companionship likelihood of more than 95%. Further color-magnitude analysis confirms their Sco-Cen membership. We identify ten especially intriguing companions that have masses in the brown dwarf regime down to 20 MJup. Our high-contrast imaging data confirm both astrometry and photometric masses derived from Gaia alone. We discovered a new brown dwarf companion, TYC 8252-533-1 B, with a projected separation of approximately 570 au from its Sun-like primary. It is likely to be located outside the debris disk around its primary star and SED modeling of Gaia, SPHERE, and NACO photometry provides a companion mass of 52−11+17 MJup. Conclusions. We show that the Gaia database can identify low-mass companions at wide separations from their host stars. For K-type Sco-Cen members, Gaia can detect sub-stellar objects at projected separations larger than 300 au and with a sensitivity limit beyond 1000 au and a lower mass limit down to 20 MJup. A similar analysis of other star-forming regions could significantly enlarge the sample size of such objects and facilitate testing of the formation and evolution theories of planetary systems.

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Ginski, C., M. Mugrauer, C. Adam, N. Vogt, and R. G. van Holstein. "How many suns are in the sky? A SPHERE multiplicity survey of exoplanet host stars." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038964.

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Aims. We are studying the influence of stellar multiplicity on exoplanet systems and, in particular, systems that have been detected via radial-velocity searches. We are specifically interested in the closest companions as they would have a strong influence on the evolution of the original planet-forming disks. In this study, we present new companions that have been detected during our ongoing survey of exoplanet hosts with VLT/SPHERE (Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research). Methods. We are using the extreme adaptive optics imager SPHERE at the ESO/VLT to search for faint (sub)stellar companions. We utilized the classical coronagraphic imaging mode to perform a snapshot survey (3–6 min integration time) of exoplanet host stars in the Ks-band. Results. We detected new stellar companions to the exoplanet host stars HD 1666, HIP 68468, HIP 107773, and HD 109271. With an angular separation of only 0.38′′ (40 au of projected separation), HIP 107773 is among the closest companions found for exoplanet host stars. The presence of the stellar companion explains the linear radial-velocity trend seen in the system. At such a small separation, the companion likely had a significant influence on the evolution of the planet-forming disk around the primary star. We find that the companion in the HD 1666 system may well be responsible for the high orbit eccentricity (0.63) of the detected Jupiter class planet, making this system one of only a few where such a connection can be established. A cross-match with the Gaia DR2 catalog shows, furthermore, that the near infrared faint companion around HD 109271 was detected in the optical and it is significantly brighter than in the near infrared, making it a white dwarf companion.

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Evans, D. F., J. Southworth, B. Smalley, U. G. Jørgensen, M. Dominik, M. I. Andersen, V. Bozza, et al. "High-resolution Imaging of Transiting Extrasolar Planetary systems (HITEP)." Astronomy & Astrophysics 610 (February 2018): A20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731855.

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Context. The formation and dynamical history of hot Jupiters is currently debated, with wide stellar binaries having been suggested as a potential formation pathway. Additionally, contaminating light from both binary companions and unassociated stars can significantly bias the results of planet characterisation studies, but can be corrected for if the properties of the contaminating star are known. Aim. We search for binary companions to known transiting exoplanet host stars, in order to determine the multiplicity properties of hot Jupiter host stars. We also search for and characterise unassociated stars along the line of sight, allowing photometric and spectroscopic observations of the planetary system to be corrected for contaminating light. Methods. We analyse lucky imaging observations of 97 Southern hemisphere exoplanet host stars, using the Two Colour Instrument on the Danish 1.54 m telescope. For each detected companion star, we determine flux ratios relative to the planet host star in two passbands, and measure the relative position of the companion. The probability of each companion being physically associated was determined using our two-colour photometry. Results. A catalogue of close companion stars is presented, including flux ratios, position measurements, and estimated companion star temperature. For companions that are potential binary companions, we review archival and catalogue data for further evidence. For WASP-77AB and WASP-85AB, we combine our data with historical measurements to determine the binary orbits, showing them to be moderately eccentric and inclined to the line of sight (and hence planetary orbital axis). Combining our survey with the similar Friends of Hot Jupiters survey, we conclude that known hot Jupiter host stars show a deficit of high mass stellar companions compared to the field star population; however, this may be a result of the biases in detection and target selection by ground-based surveys.

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Manning, Julia B., Ann Blandford, and Julian Edbrooke-Childs. "Digital Companion Choice to Support Teachers’ Stress Self-management: Systematic Approach Through Taxonomy Creation." JMIR Formative Research 6, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): e32312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32312.

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Background There are thousands of digital companions designed for emotional well-being and stress, including websites, wearables, and smartphone apps. Although public evaluation frameworks and ratings exist, they do not facilitate digital companion choice based on contextual or individual information, such as occupation or personal management strategies. Objective The aim of this study is to establish a process for creating a taxonomy to support systematic choice of digital companions for teachers’ stress self-management. Methods We used a 4-step study design. In step 1, we identified the dimension of stress self-management and strategic classifications. In step 2, we identified the dimension of the digital techniques and conceptual descriptions. In step 3, we created 6 criteria for the inclusion of digital companions. In step 4, we used the taxonomy framework created by steps 1 and 2 and populated it with digital companions for stress self-management, as identified in step 3. Results First, in the dimension of stress self-management, we identified four classes of strategies: educational, physiological, cognitive, and social. Second, in the digital techniques dimension, we derived four conceptual descriptions for the digital companions’ mechanisms of action: fostering reflection, suggesting treatment, peer-to-peer support, and entertainment. Third, we created six criteria for digital companion inclusion in the taxonomy: suitability, availability, evaluation, security, validity, and cost. Using the taxonomy framework and criteria, we populated it with digital companions for stress management ahead of presentation to teachers in a stress study workshop. Conclusions The elements of our approach can be generalized as principles for the creation of taxonomies for other occupations or conditions. Taxonomies such as this could be a valuable resource for individuals to understand which digital companion could be of help in their personal context.

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Seddon. "Ayn Rand's Companions." Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 18, no. 1 (2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.18.1.0105.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Companions'

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