Academic literature on the topic 'Companion cropping'
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Journal articles on the topic "Companion cropping"
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Pickett, John A., Mary L. Hamilton, Antony M. Hooper, Zeyaur R. Khan, and Charles A. O. Midega. "Companion Cropping to Manage Parasitic Plants." Annual Review of Phytopathology 48, no. 1 (July 2010): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114433.
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Sarkar, Shovon Chandra, Endong Wang, Shengyong Wu, and Zhongren Lei. "Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review." Insects 9, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040128.
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Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.
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Verma, R. S., and R. L. Yadav. "Growth and yield of sugarcane and potato in companion cropping system." Journal of Agricultural Science 107, no. 1 (August 1986): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600066879.
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SUMMARYTwo potato genotypes, Kufri Sindhuri (KS) and Kufri Chandramukhi (KC), were grown in association with sugarcane (cv. Co 1148) at 1:1 (SP) and 1:2 (SPP) sugarcane (S): potato (P)row arrangements. Growth behaviour and yield of both crops in companionship were compared with those of their sole cropping. Initially, KC accumulated more dry matter in tubers than KS. At harvest, the contribution of tubers to total dry matter was the same in both genotypes. However, KS produced significantly higher absolute tuber yields than KC. Potato row arrangements in sugarcane did not significantly affect the proportion of dry matter in different plant components. However, SPP gave significantly higher tuber yields than SP and was the same as with sole potatoes. Drymatter accumulation, canopy development and yield of sugarcane were not affected significantly by potato row arrangements in the companion cropping system. Sugarcane was unaffected by KC in companion cropping but KS exerted an adverse effect on all the growth characters and yield of sugarcane. Similarly, in sequential cropping, sugarcane yielded significantly less when planted after KS than after KC.
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Li, Chun-Xia, Xue-Peng Fu, Xin-Gang Zhou, Shou-Wei Liu, Ye Xia, Nai-Hui Li, Xiao-Xiao Zhang, and Feng-Zhi Wu. "Treatment With Wheat Root Exudates and Soil Microorganisms From Wheat/Watermelon Companion Cropping Can Induce Watermelon Disease Resistance Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum." Plant Disease 103, no. 7 (July 2019): 1693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-18-1387-re.
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Companion cropping with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can enhance watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] wilt disease resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. However, the mechanism of resistance induction remains unknown. In this study, the effects of microbial community dynamics and the interactions between wheat and watermelon plants, particularly the effect of wheat root exudates on watermelon resistance against F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, were examined using a plant-soil feedback trial and plant tissue culture approach. The plant-soil feedback trial showed that treating watermelon with soil from wheat/watermelon companion cropping decreased watermelon wilt disease incidence and severity, increased lignin biosynthesis- and defense-related gene expression, and increased β-1,3-glucanase activity in watermelon roots. Furthermore, soil microbes can contribute to increasing disease resistance in watermelon plants. Tissue culture experiments showed that both exogenous addition of wheat root exudates and companion cropping with wheat increased host defense gene expression, lignin and total phenols, and increased β-1,3-glucanase activity in watermelon roots. In conclusion, both root exudates from wheat and the related soil microorganisms in a wheat/watermelon companion cropping system played critical roles in enhancing resistance to watermelon wilt disease induced by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum.
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Harris, R. H., M. C. Crawford, W. D. Bellotti, M. B. Peoples, and S. Norng. "Companion crop performance in relation to annual biomass production, resource supply, and subsoil drying." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 1 (2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07135.
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A field experiment located in NE Victoria compared the productivity of cereals sown into mature lucerne (companion crop) with cereals and lucerne grown as monocultures. Additional nitrogen (N) and water was applied to investigate if increased resource supply could alleviate competition and improve cereal performance in the presence of lucerne. Cereal plant populations, lucerne and cereal biomass, and cereal grain yields and protein were measured throughout the experiment. Soil water content was also monitored over time to determine whether companion cropping compromised the ability of lucerne to extract deep soil water. While companion cropping depressed both lucerne and cereal production, the combined annual biomass production was greater than cereal and lucerne when grown alone. Averaged over the three seasons, companion cropping resulted in a 31% increase (P < 0.05) in total annual biomass compared with the lucerne monoculture, and an 18% increase compared with the cereal monoculture in the 2004–05 and 2005–06 seasons. Cereals growing with lucerne produced fewer tillers, spikes and consequently cereal biomass compared with cereals growing as a monoculture. Therefore, companion crops yielded 25% less (P < 0.05) grain compared with the cereal monoculture over the 3-year study. Competition for N and light in the pre-cereal stem elongation period, were likely causes. Increasing the supply of N and water did not result in a main treatment (monoculture v. companion crop) by additional resource interaction, indicating that cereal responses were the same irrespective of lucerne’s presence. The application of N, water and these combined inputs, resulted in a 13–40%, 35% and 49% increase (P < 0.05) in cereal grain yields, respectively. While companion cropping compromised lucerne’s capacity to extract water from deep soil layers to a degree, this practice was still able to maintain drier subsoil in comparison to the cereal monoculture.
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Midega, Charles A. O., Toby J. A. Bruce, John A. Pickett, Jimmy O. Pittchar, Alice Murage, and Zeyaur R. Khan. "Climate-adapted companion cropping increases agricultural productivity in East Africa." Field Crops Research 180 (August 2015): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.05.022.
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Singh, D. P., Rajiv, V. B. Jaiswal, H. G. Prakash, and S. Solomon. "Companion Cropping of Vegetables with Ratoon Sugarcane: A Case Study." Sugar Tech 22, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-019-00740-x.
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Verma, R. S., and R. L. Yadav. "Minimizing Yield Losses of Sugarcane When Grown with a Wheat Companion Crop by Fertilizer and Water Management." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015751.
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SUMMARYIn sub-tropical India where 70% of the country's sugarcane is grown, companion cropping of wheat in autumn-planted sugarcane is beneficial. However, because the yield of sugarcane is reduced, farmers there are reluctant to adopt this cropping system in spite of the greater monetary gains compared with wheat-sugarcane sequential cropping. Application of 200 kg nitrogen ha−1 to sugarcane in two doses, two-thirds immediately after the wheat harvest and the remainder a month later, combined with irrigation at 75% available soil moisture during the summer months (April–June), produced cane yields similar to those from sole autumn-planted sugarcane, with an additional 4.8 t ha−1 of wheat.
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Singh, R. A. "Companion Cropping of Chickpea with Indian Mustard on Reclaimed Ravinous Land." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 8, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8362.
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Sequeira, R. V., J. L. McDonald, A. D. Moore, G. A. Wright, and L. C. Wright. "Host plant selection by Helicoverpa spp. in chickpea-companion cropping systems." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 101, no. 1 (October 2001): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2001.00884.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Companion cropping"
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Kaluli, J. Wambua. "Water table management and cropping systems for intensive corn production." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40155.
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The use of agricultural chemicals, such as nitrogen fertilizers in corn production, often results in water pollution. This research, comprising three parts, was designed to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates, water table management, and corn cropping systems on drainage water quality. The first part was a field study, to investigate the impact of two cropping systems and water table management on nitrate loss through tile drainage. The considered water table treatments were free drainage, and subirrigation with target water table depths at 0.5 m or 0.75 M below the soil surface. Corn (Zea mays L.) monoculture and corn intercropped with annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were investigated. The highest annual tile drainage losses of 21.9 kg N/ha were measured in monocropped, freely draining plots. Subirrigation with a water table depth of 0.5 m reduced tile drainage loss of N by over 70%, and intercropping corn with ryegrass under free drainage reduced leaching losses by 50%.The second part of the research was a simulation study with the water quality model, DRAINMOD-N. The water quality impact of fertilizer application rate under free drainage, subirrigation and controlled drainage was evaluated. Leaching losses, denitrification and N accumulation in the soil profile were investigated. Using data obtained from the field experiment, the performance of DRAINMOD-N was evaluated. DRAINMOD-N assumes that denitrification follows first order kinetics, contrary to field measurements which showed little correlation between denitrification rate and NO$ sb3 sp-$-N concentration. Therefore, DRAINMOD-N was modified by replacing the original denitrification function with the Michaelis-Menten relationship. In so doing, denitrification is expressed as a first order process when NO$ sb3 sp-$-N concentration limits denitrification, and as a zero order process for non-limiting NO$ sb3 sp-$-N concentration.
For denitrification to be a decision making criterion of water table management, inexpensive but reliable measurement techniques are required. Thus, the purpose of the final part of this research was to formulate a technique for measuring real-time denitrification rate. Denitrification rate could be expressed as a function of soil redox potential (Eh) and temperature. Laboratory and field studies showed that factors such as soil nitrate and organic carbon had negligible effect on denitrification rate. Therefore, it can be concluded that for most agricultural soil, Eh and soil temperature will satisfactorily describe denitrification variation.
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Sampson, Helen G. (Helen Grace). "Biomass and protein yields, N2-fixation and N transfer in annual forage legume-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cropping systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68257.
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In this study, six annual legumes and the perennial, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were monocropped (MC) and intercropped (IC) with barley in a field study with three N levels, 0, 30 and 60 kg N ha$ sp{-1}$. At O kg N ha$ sp{-1}$, N$ sb2$-fixation and N transfer were estimated by the $ sp{15}$N isotope dilution (ID) method. At 60 kg N ha$ sp{-1}$, a direct $ sp{15}$N labelling method was employed to study N transfer. The hypotheses were that the annual species would be more productive within one growing season than red clover, that increased N levels would increase herbage dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), that the proportion of N derived from N$ sb2$-fixation in IC-legumes would be higher than that of MC-legumes and that within intercrops there would be evidence of N transfer. In neither year was the total DM yield of red clover, MC or IC, less than the rest of the legumes. In 1991, the total DM yield of intercrops responded to 30 kg N ha$ sp{-1}$; in neither year did the estimated total CP yield of MC-legumes or intercrops respond to N levels. Only in 1992 was there evidence of N$ sb2$-fixation and the proportion of N derived from fixation by IC-legumes was 145% higher than that of MC-legumes. Only the $ sp{15}$N direct labelling method gave evidence of N transfer, to associated legume and barley plants in 1991, and to associated legume plants in 1992.
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Wiles, Lori Jeannine. "Managing growth and competition of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) living mulch in a vegetable cropping system /." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11149.
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Roberts, Craig Penny. "Development of a novel crop-pasture system for mixed farms in the higher rainfall zone of southern Australia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/72860.
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The use of annual-based pasture and/or annual crops is now common practice in the higher rainfall regions of southern Australia where livestock grazing is the traditional practice. The lower water use of these annual-based systems, compared with systems based on perennial pastures, exacerbates issues of waterlogging, rising watertables and salinity in these regions. For environmental reasons farming systems used in the higher rainfall regions should target the use of more perennials in the landscape, but this should not be done at the expense of farm productivity or profitability. Intercropping, where the pasture component of the system is a perennial species, may provide the opportunity to maintain or improve farm productivity whilst delivering favourable environmental outcomes. A study of crop/perennial pasture intercrops is the core investigation undertaken in this thesis. Perennial pasture species lucerne (Medicago sativa) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) were established and maintained for three seasons with annually sown (2006-08 seasons) crop species (wheat (Triticum aestivum), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and canola (Brassica napus)), in a double skip row arrangement. These intercrops were compared for production, resource use and farm productivity with the individual crops and pastures grown as monocultures. Yields of grain crops were reduced when grown in intercrop with lucerne and chicory. Grain yield reductions ranged from 0-46% for wheat, 45-74% for lupins and 8-83% for canola. Pasture dry matter was also reduced when intercropped, ranging from 0-78% for lucerne and 19-78% for chicory. Despite the reduction in crop and pasture production, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) (used as a measure of the productivity of the intercropping system) ranged from 0.71-1.66, with all intercrop combinations over-yielding (LER 1.01 -1.66) in favourable growing seasons. With soil moisture becoming limited during September/October (measured using Time Domain Reflectometry), the grain yield components of wheat heads/m² , number of lupin branches/plant, pod number/plant and pasture dry matter were reduced by competition. Lucerne intercrops gave higher yield penalties to the companion species, attributed to greater competition for soil moisture between the component species. Higher soil moisture (9-25mm) for monoculture chicory, compared to monoculture lucerne, indicates chicory growing in intercrop was not likely to compete as strongly for water as lucerne. Plant height and Leaf Area Index (LAI) measurements were taken to assess light capture and showed minimal incidence of light competition in the intercrops. As a result, it was concluded that competition for water was the main resource competition responsible for yield reductions in intercrops. The Agricultural Production System Simulator (APSIM) model was used to try to assess longer-term intercrop productivity. The model was satisfactory in simulating monoculture crop production; however there was poor agreement for monoculture lucerne production and this subsequently affected the modelled agreement with intercrop production. Notwithstanding these discrepancies, some of the modelled data and extrapolated data were used to produce a medium-term productivity dataset for economic analysis. Economically, the intercrops were found to have higher gross margin returns than monoculture pastures, and lower gross margins of $39-55/ha when compared to monoculture crops. Despite yield reductions in the intercrop components, intercropping increased productivity compared to growing the components as monoculture stands. It also provided an environmental benefit of retaining perennial pastures in the system, and produced comparable economic returns to the growing of monocultures stands/swards.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2011
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Harris, Robert H. "Identifying the cause of cereal yield decline in lucerne companion cropping systems; and the role of agronomy for mitigating cereal productivity losses." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/70193.
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Integrating perennial plants like lucerne into farming systems has been widely recommended to mimic pre-agricultural native vegetation, to improve year round transpiration and reduce the off-site impacts of agriculture on the surrounding environment. Despite perennial plants providing greater hydrological benefits compared to traditional annual plant based farming systems; integration of lucerne into farming systems remains a challenge. One approach that may enhance the integration is companion cropping, where annual crops are sown directly into an existing lucerne stand. However, past research has shown that this practice can be harmful to the productivity of annual crops, due to competition with lucerne for environmental resources. Yet beyond quantifying the effect on annual crop production, little is understood about what causes the loss of yield. Under-standing the underlying mechanisms dictating the performance of annual crops growing with lucerne could help design agronomic strategies that mitigate competition, and improve annual crop productivity; in turn potentially improving industry acceptance and adoption of both lucerne and companion cropping. In this study, two field experiments showed that competition was apparent early in the growing season prior to cereal stem elongation; when cereal biomass in the presence of lucerne was significantly lower than that of cereal grown in monoculture. Although there were no differences in cereal establishment, companion cereals produced significantly (P<0.05) less tillers, spikes, cereal biomass, and consequently grain yield compared with cereals grown in monoculture. Both field experiments showed that fertiliser N could potentially increase companion cereal productivity, and that in-crop lucerne suppression could improve cereal grain quality by reducing lucerne pod contamination. Apart from quantifying the temporal effects of competition between the companion cereal and lucerne and assessing the role of agronomic strategies for mitigating competition, field experiments did not give much insight into what was causing the loss of companion cereal productivity. Simulation modelling using APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) explored competition between the companion cereal and lucerne, and each component’s response to resource supply and agronomic intervention over longer periods. APSIM was found to satisfactorily simulate both simultaneous and stand alone wheat and lucerne growth, after comparison with field observed data. Although APSIM tended to deplete soil mineral N more rapidly under lucerne than field observations indicated, necessitating soil mineral N to be constrained within previously measured values in long-term simulations. Simulations showed that companion cereals were frequently sown into drier soil profiles, due to soil water extraction by lucerne over the preceding summer/autumn period, compared with monoculture cereals sown after the summer/autumn fallow. Competition for soil water appeared the major contributing factor to companion cereal performance, and simulated data predicted that companion cereals had to rely solely on in-crop rainfall. Therefore companion cropping in low rainfall environments where growing season rainfall (April to October) is less than 350 mm, or in environments where crops rely heavily on stored soil water at sowing for subsequent production, would be unsuitable for reliable grain production from companion cropping.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2011
Books on the topic "Companion cropping"
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MacLean, Jayne T. Double cropping and interplanting, 1984 - March 1986: 239 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1986.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Double cropping and interplanting, 1984 - March 1987: 260 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1987.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Double cropping and interplanting, June 1986-August 1988: 313 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Double cropping and interplanting, January 1987 - May 1989: 307 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.
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MacLean, Jayne T. Double cropping and interplanting, January 1987 - May 1989: 307 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1989.
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Wiles, Lori Jeannine. Managing growth and competition of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) living mulch in a vegetable cropping system. 1986.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Companion cropping"
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Alaphilippe, Aude, Claude Bussi, Marion Casagrande, Tarek Dardouri, Sylvaine Simon, Pierre-Eric Lauri, Amélie Lefèvre, and Mireille Navarrete. "The use of agronomic practices in integrated pest management programmes in horticulture." In Improving integrated pest management in horticulture, 247–80. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0095.09.
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IPM promotes the design of resilient systems that reduce both pest attacks and damage to cultivated plants. It is based on practices that foster plant tolerance and the control of pests by their natural enemies. The challenge is to combine those practices in a coherent system that should associate the benefits or even develop synergies among their identified partial effects and that should be operable for the farmer. The IPM practices considered in this chapter are related to a) the crop and its annual management; b) the enhancement of plant diversity in the cropping system at the field scale using companion plants and intercropping, as well as diversification with other cash crops. The chapter also provides c) some insights on the design of cropping systems that combine the above-mentioned IPM practices at field, farm and agrifood system scales. It also shows that designing such systems calls for additional research and new approaches.
Reports on the topic "Companion cropping"
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Anderson, Gerald L., and Kalman Peleg. Precision Cropping by Remotely Sensed Prorotype Plots and Calibration in the Complex Domain. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585193.bard.
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This research report describes a methodology whereby multi-spectral and hyperspectral imagery from remote sensing, is used for deriving predicted field maps of selected plant growth attributes which are required for precision cropping. A major task in precision cropping is to establish areas of the field that differ from the rest of the field and share a common characteristic. Yield distribution f maps can be prepared by yield monitors, which are available for some harvester types. Other field attributes of interest in precision cropping, e.g. soil properties, leaf Nitrate, biomass etc. are obtained by manual sampling of the filed in a grid pattern. Maps of various field attributes are then prepared from these samples by the "Inverse Distance" interpolation method or by Kriging. An improved interpolation method was developed which is based on minimizing the overall curvature of the resulting map. Such maps are the ground truth reference, used for training the algorithm that generates the predicted field maps from remote sensing imagery. Both the reference and the predicted maps are stratified into "Prototype Plots", e.g. 15xl5 blocks of 2m pixels whereby the block size is 30x30m. This averaging reduces the datasets to manageable size and significantly improves the typically poor repeatability of remote sensing imaging systems. In the first two years of the project we used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), for generating predicted yield maps of sugar beets and com. The NDVI was computed from image cubes of three spectral bands, generated by an optically filtered three camera video imaging system. A two dimensional FFT based regression model Y=f(X), was used wherein Y was the reference map and X=NDVI was the predictor. The FFT regression method applies the "Wavelet Based", "Pixel Block" and "Image Rotation" transforms to the reference and remote images, prior to the Fast - Fourier Transform (FFT) Regression method with the "Phase Lock" option. A complex domain based map Yfft is derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix ofYfft, whereby an improved predicted map Yplock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Yfft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask" is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Yfft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant maps Ypref and Ypred aremodified versions of Y and Yfft respectively. The residuals of Ypred versus Ypref are even lower than the residuals of Yplock versus Y. The maps, Ypref and Ypred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which "view" the same target. In the last two years of the project our remote sensing capability was expanded by addition of a CASI II airborne hyperspectral imaging system and an ASD hyperspectral radiometer. Unfortunately, the cross-noice and poor repeatability problem we had in multi-spectral imaging was exasperated in hyperspectral imaging. We have been able to overcome this problem by over-flying each field twice in rapid succession and developing the Repeatability Index (RI). The RI quantifies the repeatability of each spectral band in the hyperspectral image cube. Thereby, it is possible to select the bands of higher repeatability for inclusion in the prediction model while bands of low repeatability are excluded. Further segregation of high and low repeatability bands takes place in the prediction model algorithm, which is based on a combination of a "Genetic Algorithm" and Partial Least Squares", (PLS-GA). In summary, modus operandi was developed, for deriving important plant growth attribute maps (yield, leaf nitrate, biomass and sugar percent in beets), from remote sensing imagery, with sufficient accuracy for precision cropping applications. This achievement is remarkable, given the inherently high cross-noice between the reference and remote imagery as well as the highly non-repeatable nature of remote sensing systems. The above methodologies may be readily adopted by commercial companies, which specialize in proving remotely sensed data to farmers.