Journal articles: 'Companies Acts'

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Beecham, L. "Government acts on gifts from drug companies." BMJ 309, no. 6950 (July 30, 1994): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6950.292.

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Richardson, Sir Ivor. "Private Acts of Parliament." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 41, no. 4 (December 6, 2010): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v41i4.5212.

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The article explains the role that Private Acts of Parliament have played and still play. It does so by recounting their historical development and then discussing some 70 Bills and their progress through the Parliamentary processes. The narrative follows a broad subject-matter classification of Private Bills which are promoted by private individuals, local institutions, companies, particular charities, associations and other corporate bodies for their own benefit, whereas Public Bills and Local Bills are directed to the functioning of Central Government and Local Government respectively.

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G. Simamora, Artha Erlina. "Operating Performance of Go Public Retailer Companies." Business and Entrepreneurial Review 6, no. 2 (October 24, 2016): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/ber.v6i2.1137.

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The general objective of this study is to identify correlation between operating performance of retail industries, in this study acts as dependent variable (Y), and number of financial ratio acts as independent variable (X) covering current ratio (X1), debt ratio (X2), total asset turover (X3) and operating profit margin (X4). Result of this study shows that based on correlation coefficients, there is no a significant correlation between current ratio, total assets turnover. operating profit margin and return on assets. Only debt ratio has significant correlation with return on assets. Upon the result above. retail companies are required to make solid calculation for opeation.

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Cascini, Karen T., Alan DelFavero, and Mario Mililli. "The Sarbanes Oxley Acts Contribution To Curtailing Corporate Bribery." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 28, no. 6 (October 25, 2012): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v28i6.7329.

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In the wake of corporate scandals occurring in the early 2000s, a need for stricter regulation was deemed necessary by the investors of U.S. public companies. In 2002, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SoX) was created. Accordingly, under the rules of SoX, U.S. corporations were faced with increased oversight and also needed to substantially improve their internal controls. As companies began to scrutinize their internal affairs more closely, some businesses detected other forms of criminal activity occurring internally, such as bribery. Those companies and individuals found to have committed bribery have violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA). Throughout this paper, a plausible correlation between SoX and a recent increase in reported violations of the FCPA will be assessed. This possibility is evaluated via a presentation of cases involving multinational corporations that have been found to have violated the FCPA. Based on the authors research, a pattern does exist between SoX and the enforcement of the FCPA. Finally, suggestions to modify the punishment for companies found guilty of committing bribery are also presented.

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Mziray, Peter Rabson, and Bazili Evarist Bamuhiga. "A Linguistic Analysis of Mobile Phone Companies’ Slogans: A Case of Vodacom and Tigo in Tanzania." Journal of Language and Literature 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v21i1.2901.

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This paper presents findings of a Linguistic Analysis of Mobile Phone Companies’ Slogans: a case of Vodacom and Tigo in Tanzania. It specifically aimed at analysing linguistics forms used in constructing mobile phone companies’ slogans and examining the type of illocutionary acts portrayed by the slogans. A total of 25 slogans were collected from online websites of the Tigo and Vodacom mobile phone companies using documentation method and analysed using content analysis. The findings indicate that slogans from mobile phone companies mostly use sentences and, in some instances, phrases and words. Also, the findings revealed that the dominant illocutionary speech acts embedded in the slogans is assertive which intends to change the beliefs of the customer. The other illocutionary speech acts identified are directive which requires the customers to take action in regard to the services and products advertised; and commissive which shows a promise for better services and products for opting customers. Conclusively, mobile phone companies prefer to use sentences and, in few instances, paired phrases to construct the slogans. The constructed slogans largely portray assertive acts which are complemented by commissive and directive acts. The complementation is what makes mobile phone companies have more than one slogan for communicating a complete intended message.

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Singh Gautam, Vijaya, and Vijay Mishra. "Revisiting the Legal Framework for Private Military and Security Contractors: Maritime Perspective." Groningen Journal of International Law 8, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 166–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.8.1.166-182.

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The paper aims to analyse legal lacunas and suggest possible solutions for the acts and wrongdoings of Private Military and Security Companies within the lens of maritime activities. The paper has been divided into three parts. Part I deals with the necessity and role of Private Military and Security Companies in the present times. Part II discusses the legal status of Private Military and Security Companies and ways of ensuring responsibility for their acts. Part III examines the legal framework for the acts of Private Maritime Security Companies. An assessment of the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL), state responsibility, applicability of the Montreux document and efforts such as GUARDCON have been discussed to highlight the inadequacy of the laws on Private Maritime Security Companies. There has been an upsurge in the employment of Private Maritime Security Companies since 2008 to cope with a myriad of problems at sea including piracy and robbery. However, an umbrella of rules including employment procedures, agreements, training techniques, responsibility in peacetime as well as in times of conflict and the guidelines of IHL must be restructured or enhanced in order to be made applicable to Private Maritime Security Companies.

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Da Costa Tavares, Ofelia Cizela. "The Web-Based Usability Heuristic Survey Supports User Satisfaction." Indonesian Journal of Information Systems 3, no. 1 (August 30, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/ijis.v3i1.3579.

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Competition between companies is now getting stronger strongly related to the company's mechanism in providing the services provided. Companies can build ways that can maintain customer loyalty. The approach can be done with web-based Usability Testing adopting an application user acceptance model, a usability aspect analysis that acts as a customer who enjoys a company's products and services. At present, there are already many theories of user acceptance models for an application. One of them is the user satisfaction model (User Satisfaction). This review specifically also identifies that content content has a significant positive effect on website visitor satisfaction.

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Morajane, Tebogo. "The Binding Effect of the Constitutive Documents of Companies: The 1973 and 2008 Companies Acts of South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i1a2631.

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This contribution examines the provisions of the constitutive documents of companies under two specific provisions, namely s 65(2) of the Companies Act 61 of 1973 and s 15(6) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008. The aim is to determine who is bound by these provisions, the circumstances which give rise to being bound by them, and the possible effect thereof on various parties. The provisions of the constitutive documents under section 65(2) of the 1973 Companies Act are interpreted by courts and academic writers to amount to a statutory contract between a company and its members and between members inter se. The members are said to be bound by the provisions of these documents only in their capacity as members. It is submitted, however, that the rights and obligations are granted to members in their capacity as such if they are membership rights which are granted by virtue on one’s membership. So far the courts have failed to provide a logical explanation of the concept “capacity of a member as such”. This failure and the “qua membership test” resulted in limitations in the interpretation of section 65(2): for example, the exclusion of persons who are regarded as outsiders. The directors, despite the fact that numerous provisions of the applicable article provides for their rights, have rights that are unenforceable via the articles, for being regarded as outsiders. The company on the other hand can enforce the obligations against the directors on the basis of breach of their fiduciary duties. These limitations called for a redraft of section 65(2). This contribution raises the legal challenges raised by the above. It arrives inter alia at the conclusion that the “qua membership test” may find application under the 2008 Companies Act, since members/shareholders may be allowed to exercise rights that are membership rights granted to them by virtue of their membership, and directors may be allowed to exercise rights that are granted to them in their official capacities as such.

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Смирнов and E. Smirnov. "New in the Insolvency Proceeding of Insurance Companies." Auditor 2, no. 10 (October 25, 2016): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22268.

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Last summer, in Russia the Federal Law of June 23, 2016 № 222-FZ «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation» was adopted, which has significantly improved the insolvency proceeding of insurance companies in the interest of reducing the risk of policyholders, insured persons and the financial system as a whole.

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Holland, R. "Decline and Fall—a Tragedy in Three Acts." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 35, no. 1_suppl (June 2007): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0703501s02.

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Pre World War II, practising anaesthetists in Australia relied heavily on two companies—Commonwealth Industrial Gases and H.I. Clements & Son—for technical support. Post-war, these two were joined by Telectronics, the Australian company which exploited the electronic revolution in monitoring. From a position of profitability and major market share, all three fell to earth for commercial, political and managerial reasons.

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Yakovlev, A. Y. "LEGAL SUPPORT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES WITH STATE PARTICIPATION." Issues of Law 20, no. 2 (2020): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/pro-prava200210.

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In this work the author explores the system of legal acts regulating corporate governance issues in joint-stock companies with the participation of the Russian Federation and subjects of the federation. The author builds the structure of external (codes, federal laws, decrees and orders of the President of Russia, decrees and orders of the Government of the Russian Federation, orders of state executive bodies, etc.) and internal acts (organization charter, regulations, etc.). Differences in legal support of corporate governance in state jointstock companies in comparison with private ones are highlighted in the paper

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Savoskin, A. V., A. V. Kurdyumov, M. A. Zadorina, O. A. Kozhevnikov, and V. A. Meshcheryagina. "Digitalization of State Corporations and Companies with State Participation." SHS Web of Conferences 93 (2021): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219302033.

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The article analyzes the legal acts regulating public relations in the field of digital transformation of state corporations in order to determine the priority organizational, economic and managerial directions of their development. At the same time, the research carried out is also relevant for organizations of other organizational and legal forms.

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박건영 and kongwoo La. "A study on improvement of Investment Incentive Acts for Attracting Companies in Gangwon." International Commerce and Information Review 17, no. 1 (March 2015): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.17.1.201503.115.

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GIORGI, Gabriele, Alicia ARENAS, and Jose M. LEON-PEREZ. "An Operative Measure of Workplace Bullying: The Negative Acts Questionnaire Across Italian Companies." Industrial Health 49, no. 6 (2011): 686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.ms1287.

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MILOUD, Tarek. "Particular aspects of corporate governance in limited companies." Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, no. 2 (2011): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i2c1art6.

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The article examines the „political‟ principles in the running of a limited company focusing, in particular, on the political aspects of the decision-making process. As the board of directors acts as a controlling interface between the shareholders and the directors, we will study the main aspects of corporate governance in relation to the board of directors of a limited company. Finally, we will present the different systems of corporate governance and we will end with the distinctive characteristics of each of these systems

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Lowe, Vaughan. "Us Extraterritorial Jurisdiction: The Helms-burton and D'Amato Acts." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 2 (April 1997): 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060474.

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The history of clashes over extraterritorial jurisdiction between the United States of America and other States in the Americas, Europe and elsewhere is a long one. That history is commonly traced back to the antitrust claims arising from the Alcoa case in 1945, in which the “effects” doctrine was advanced in the peculiar and objectionable form in which it is applied, not simply to acts which constitute elements of a single offence but which occur in different jurisdictions but, rather, to the economic repercussions of acts in one State which are felt in another. The conflict persisted into the 1950s, with the clashes over US regulation of the international shipping and paper industries. In the 1960s and 1970s there were further clashes in relation to the extraterritorial application of US competition laws, notably in disputes over shipping regulation and the notorious Uranium Antitrust litigation, in which US laws were applied to penalise the extraterritorial conduct of non-US companies, conducted with the approval of their national governments, at a time when those companies were barred by US law from trading in the United States. It was that litigation which was in large measure responsible for the adoption in the United Kingdom of the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980, which significantly extended the powers which the British government had asserted in the 1952 Shipping Contracts and Commercial Documents Act to defend British interests against US extraterritorial claims.

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Arzyakova, I. V. "PREMEDITATED BANKRUPTCY DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF ACTS WITH HEIGHTENED RISK." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 3 (November 2, 2014): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2011-3-62-67.

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Premeditated bankruptcy risk is connected with problems of safeguarding of companies` economic security. Nowadays mechanism of eliciting of premeditated bankruptcy signs is not efficient. It’s suggested a new approach of premeditated bankruptcy diagnostics based on the analysis of acts with heightened risk. Such acts include actions/inactions which realize on disadvantageous terms and harm company interests.

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Savoskin, A. V., and N. A. Rozhkova. "Digitalisation of state companies." Digital Law Journal 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-1-83-93.

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The article analyzes the legal acts that regulate public relations regarding the digital transformation of tate corporations and companies with state participation. The economic and managerial directions of reform of the highest priority are established. The article describes the goals of the digital transformation of a state-owned company, including: creating a target business model, a system of goals and key performance indicators of digital transformation, and determining a digital transformation strategy. Special attention is paid to the development and implementation of initiatives for the implementation of digital infrastructure; the development of digital solutions providers; organizational activities within the framework of digital transformation; measures for programmed import substitution; and measures to ensure information security within the framework of digital transformation. Considering independent directions the digital transformation of state-owned companies can take, one such is the improvement of the “quality” of the staff and the formation of a culture of digital transformation. The article highlights such areas of work as: the creation of a model of digital competencies and the staffing of digital transformation within a state company; an assessment of the need for employees with special competence; teaching digital skills; the development of employees’ digital competencies within a state company; digital workforce management; and planning and holding an event to develop digital culture and the information security culture of a state company. In conclusion, it is determined that the proposed areas of the digitalization of state-owned companies are universal. It is suggested that these recommendations be used in relation to other organizations (primarily private).

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Sokolov, Aleksei O. "European Company and European Cooperative Society as Forms of Supranational Business Organization in the European Union." Economic Strategies 152 (March 25, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-2.168.2020.134-141.

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The present article analyzes the experience of creation and functioning in the European Union of such supranational forms of business organization as European companies (SE) and European cooperative societies (SCE). The author considers the main stages of developing legislative acts regulating the activities of supranational business structures; requirements for such companies; procedure for their establishment; opportunities provided by supranational status. The data on activities of European companies and cooperative societies is summarized. Possibilities of implementing the experience of European companies in the EAEU are analyzed.

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Kaur, Harpreet. "Promoters and Corporate Governance Under the Companies Act, 2013 and Allied Acts in India." Journal of National Law University Delhi 3, no. 1 (August 2015): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277401720150105.

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Evangelista de Souza Neto, João, and Fernando Caio Galdi. "Financial Actuarial Assumptions: Empirical Study of How Brazilian Companies Manage Their Defined Benefit Plans." Management and Business Research Quarterly 14 (August 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/mbrq.2020.14.05.

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This study investigates the factors that Brazilian companies use to manage their defined benefit plans, specifically the determinants of the three financial actuarial assumptions: discount rate, expected return on assets and compensation growth rate. The focus of this research is the companies listed on the B3 – Brazilian Stock Exchange - that recognized and disclosed, from 2010 to 2017, post-employment benefit characterized as Defined Benefit (DB). The sample containing 296 firm/year was divided into two subgroups considering the firm’s political connections. The results suggest that politically connected companies are less effective in managing the solvency of funds or, according to Kido, Petacchi and Weber (2012) act intentionally to justify the company's financial stress. The year before the elections proved to be the most relevant period of discretion, while the specific year of the electoral election only influences the determination of the actuarial financial premises in politically connected companies and, just like in Naughton, Petacchi and Weber (2015) the manager acts to improve the solvency (reduce the deficit) of the pension fund in these periods. The hypothesis that politically connected companies have an incremental adjustment in actuarial assumptions in electoral years has shown results consistent with the theory suggesting that this group of companies manages the reduction of the actuarial deficit in election times more incisively

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Wibowo, Aris, Triono Eddy, and Alpi Sahari. "Tindak Pidana Korporasi Bagi Perusahaan Yang Terlibat Dalam Pencucian Uang Hasil Penjualan Narkotika." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 1 (August 8, 2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i1.193.

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The National Agency was formed to further intensify the eradication of narcotics crime is one of the extra ordinary crimes. It turns out that narcotics crime also provides a fact that to track the proceeds of the sale of narcotics, the money is diverted, on behalf of, or formed by another corporation as a camouflage so that it is not tracked by the police. Initially, corporations cannot be convicted for various reasons, but later corporations can be convicted. This study aims to analyze the criminal policy of corporate criminal acts for companies involved in money laundering from the sale of narcotics as well as obstacles and solutions carried out by BNN of North Sumatra province in the handling of corporate criminal cases for companies involved in money laundering from narcotics sales. The results of this study indicate the criminal policy of corporate criminal acts for companies involved in money laundering from the sale of narcotics with the existence of money laundering laws that were not previously explicitly regulated, including that the subject of criminal acts for corporations for companies. The obstacle faced by the North Sumatra National Narcotics Agency is the difficulty of obtaining information related to searches regarding objects resulting from money laundering crimes. Another obstacle is the confiscation of the assets of the suspect who must cooperate with the bank, the lack of facilities and infrastructure and the low professionalism of law enforcement.

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Новгородцев, Виктор, and Viktor Novgorodtsev. "Analysis of legal acts on combating corruption in Ukraine." Services in Russia and abroad 9, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11704.

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The article presents an analytical review of the new legislation adopted in Ukraine, which reflects the main directions of the reform in the field of legislation in the organs of public service and local government, as well as addresses the issues of financial accountability of political parties to ensure reviewing anti-corruption programs in the structure of state bodies, carrying out monitoring in the field of public procurement, amendments to the judicial system and the criminal justice agencies, ensuring free competition and the establishment of responsibility for bribery for persons working in private companies. According to the results of the analytical review it can be concluded that the country has adopted a number of innovations: created the National Agency, which is addressing issues in the field of prevention of corruption as a central executive body with special status; formed a list of specific restrictions on the use of official position in the preparation of gifts; limited capacity of public servants, the leading career concurrently; introduced regulated fundamental rules of ethical conduct for civil servants; strengthened financial control (paying special attention to providing the declaration of income); the legislator specified persons having authority to assist in the fight against corruption; conducted special checks of candidates applying to practice high-level government posts. Based on the analysis of new laws adopted in Ukraine, the author marked obstacles to the effective fight against corruption in the country, the main ones are corruption in public procurement, the judiciary and criminal justice authorities in the activities of executive bodies in the private sector, as well as the virtual absence of responsibility for bribery of persons working in private companies, special forfeiture rules for all corruption-related crimes, guaranteeing the protection of corruption whistleblowers and the unified state register of legal persons involved in corruption.

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Zarei, Behrouz, Flora Amanati, and Kasra Amanati. "Privatization and corporate entrepreneurship in telecommunication companies." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-05-2016-0019.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of privatization on corporate entrepreneurship in Telecommunication Company of Iran (TCI). The study examines the five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation including innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy, before and after privatization. Design/methodology/approach Using a “descriptive-survey” method, the required data were collected from a sample of 32 senior and middle managers with over ten years of management and work experience, who were project team members for business transformation working in TCI before and after privatization. Findings The results show that after privatization, the company acts more entrepreneurially. The most considerable dimension is its aggressive competition through entering competitive markets and increasing risk taking to develop new services, products and processes. Originality/value Although many studies have been performed on privatization and entrepreneurship in the past, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effect of privatization on every dimension of entrepreneurial orientation has not been investigated in a large company.

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Yakovlev, Alexander. "Legal regulation of corporate governance in state agricultural companies in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022206003.

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The article considers legal aspects of corporate governance in an important sector of the Russian economy - agriculture. The author concentrates his attention on state companies. Today there are much less state agricultural companies then 10 or even 5 years earlier. The most famous are JSC “Rosagroleasing”, JSC “United grain company” and JSC “Head center for reproduction of agricultural animals”. The biggest state agricultural companies are in federal property. Russian regions are owners of agricultural companies too. Every owner (the Russian Federation or Russian regions) establishes its own rules for the functioning of companies. Some regions have special regional laws on governing state companies. Others adopted government resolutions. There is a big difference between legal regulation on corporate governance in state and private agricultural companies in Russia. Sate companies are highly regulated by different kind of legal acts.

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Ferdinandus, Lefiana. "Different Regime Applied to Liability for Oil Pollution Damage." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 29, no. 2 (April 29, 1999): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol29.no2.554.

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With regard to its reaction or probably overreaction to the disastrous incident of oil spill from"Exxon Valdez" in Alaska, the United States of America put into law Oil Pollution Acts 1990 (OPA 1990). This Acts establishes a new liability and compensation regime for oil pollution damagefrom ship operations, which is different from the regime adopted by the rest of the world. OP A 1990 adopts unlimited liability whereas the rest of the world who join with CLC 1969, TOVALOP 1969, FUND Convention 1971 and CRISTAL 1971 adopt strict liability. OP A' s unlimited liability has set very high cost that could not be held up by all groups involved in ship operations, such as shipping companies, insurance market, oil companies, and finally consumer.

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Zaitseva, Larisa, and Svetlana Racheva. "The Silk Road of Social Partnership." Russian Law Journal 8, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2020-8-4-109-139.

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The article discusses the prospects and impediments of collective bargaining legislation’s harmonization of six participants (China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, and Germany) in the railway project that has linked China and Europe and has become an integral part of the New Silk Road global initiative. To this effect, the authors have analyzed transnational companies’ experience in making collective contracts and have assessed the degree of the impact of international treaties on the aforementioned countries’ legislation in terms of their involvement in various international organizations’ activities and ratification of the most significant international acts. Based on a comparative analysis of a collective contract’s legislation, the authors have singled out some key features influencing transnational companies’ collective bargaining practices. The analysis revealed the norms and practices that impede and/or boost the extraterritorial application of transnational companies’ collective contracts. Since the countries are members of various international organizations, the international acts on freedom of collective bargaining made it possible to identify legal grounds for distinctions between the social partnership’s legal policies. A meticulous study of individual transnational companies’ collective bargaining agreements and practices enabled the authors to identify systemic links and the Transnational Companies’ (hereinafter – TNCs) practice of determinism due to international regulation and the laws of the country of origin. The research revealed the principal steps forward which should be taken to resolve the issues of extraterritorial application of TNCs’ collective agreements.

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Widijowati, Rr Dijan, and Halim Darmawan. "CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE SHAREHOLDERS." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 20 (September 10, 2020): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.520004.

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Corporations in the form of Limited Liability Companies in Indonesia are regulated in Limited Liability Company Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, this Law regulates the liability of corporations and/or shareholders who commit acts against the law, but the liability that can be asked of shareholders does not exceed existing shares. This study uses normative legal research methods. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. For data analysis, the qualitative jurisdictional analysis method was used. From this research, it can be found that law enforcement against shareholders who commit acts against the law can be upheld and the outcome is that the action against the law which was originally a civil action and then turned into a criminal act. By using the Piercing, the corporate veil doctrine, shareholders who commit acts against the law can be sentenced to criminal and all their assets to cover the financial losses of the state due to their actions. It is universally applied on the basis of fraudulent acts carried out to rake in personal profit and by implementing civil forfeiture or civil recovery, the proceeds of crimes committed by shareholders are likely to be returned.

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Cooray, Manique. "LEGAL CHALLENGES OF ADOPTING AGE-VERIFICATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE PROTECTION OF MINORS ON THE INTERNET IN MALAYSIA." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 20 (September 15, 2020): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.520005.

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Corporations in the form of Limited Liability Companies in Indonesia are regulated in Limited Liability Company Law No. 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, this Law regulates the liability of corporations and/or shareholders who commit acts against the law, but the liability that can be asked of shareholders does not exceed existing shares. This study uses normative legal research methods. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. For data analysis, the qualitative jurisdictional analysis method was used. From this research, it can be found that law enforcement against shareholders who commit acts against the law can be upheld and the outcome is that the action against the law which was originally a civil action and then turned into a criminal act. By using the Piercing, the corporate veil doctrine, shareholders who commit acts against the law can be sentenced to criminal and all their assets to cover the financial losses of the state due to their actions. It is universally applied on the basis of fraudulent acts carried out to rake in personal profit and by implementing civil forfeiture or civil recovery, the proceeds of crimes committed by shareholders are likely to be returned.

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Lavianchandra, Jorico, Alpi Sahari, and Ahmad Fauzi. "Tindak Pidana Illegal Mining Bagi Perusahaan Yang Melakukan Pertambangan Tanpa Izin." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.258.

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The issuance of law number 4 of 2009 concerning mineral and coal mining provides a new authority in the world of the act does not close the gap of illegal mining which is rife in Indonesia. Although the law already exists, the fact is that mining without permits continues. This study aims to determine the forms of non-criminal illegal mining and accountability. Forms of illegal mining are criinal acts of mining without permission either UIP, IPR or IUPK. Criminal offenses submit false report data, criminal offenses of exploration without rights, criminal offenses as holders of UIP exploration without carrying out production operations activities, criminal acts of laundering mining goods, criminal offenses related to abuse of authority of the official of the licensing authority, criminal acts which is a legal entity. The criminal liability against companies that carry aut mining activities without a permit is by imprisonment and with a criminal fine. Besides that the leablity for companies that conduct mining with civi sanctions and also administrative sanctions by way of making a business.

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Osipyan, R. A., and A. B. Usov. "MODELING ACTIVITIES OF REAL ESTATE COMPANIES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOR OPPORTUNITY." Ecology. Economy. Informatics.System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems 1, no. 5 (2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-395x-2020-1-5-81-85.

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The problem of modeling the activity of real estate companies is relevant and causes a certain interest. This article sets and solves the problem of mathematical modeling of the management system of interaction between a realtor and the management of a realtor company, developing an effective mechanism for managing the activities of a realtor company. To describe the management system, a static two-level hierarchical model of interaction between a real estate agency (management of a real estate company) and an agent (realtor) is proposed. The real estate agency acts as the Lead, and the agent acts as the Slave. The slave manages the degree (level) of their qualifications, and the Leader – the amount of funds allocated for agency advertising. The incentive method is used as a method of hierarchical management. Information rules are used that correspond to Stackelberg’s game without management feedback. The model provides the ability to manipulate information from the Slave. The algorithm for finding the Stackelberg equilibrium is specified. An analytical (for a particular type of input functions) and numerical (for a general type of input functions) study of the proposed model is carried out. The results are presented and analyzed, and relevant conclusions are drawn.

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Gervasio, Daniele, Andrea Amaduzzi, and Damiano Montani. "Methods and Tools to Reorganise the Governance in the Italian Healthcare Companies." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n2p56.

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This paper is a first analysis of the tools required to convert the fiscal data gathered from the management control systems into official guidelines for a long-lasting healthcare governance.This paper proposes some reflections about the peculiarity of the cost monitoring and management systems whose configuration and effectiveness must take into consideration the nature of the information requirement of the management processes addressee.The innovative aspect is to convey all the potential information contained in the cost monitoring systems. In fact, the information represents the subjective aspect, in other words what the reader ‘understands’ and perceives.These tools may not be analysed from a mere technical point of view, instead they must be considered as essential means to manage complex corporate systems.Using Amaduzzi’s theories and following an exploratory approach, this paper proposes some considerations about the tools required to convert the acts of management into (economic) values. Then, these values will convert into acts of management thanks to their capability to meet the information requirement of the governance stakeholders.The analysis carried out highlights the information requirement to satisfy through a series of monitoring and management tools, in order to find organisational and management solutions that are able to combine the need to rationalise the healthcare expenditure and to improve the quality and pertinence of health care services.

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Savkovic, Vladimir. "The Alleged Case of Golden Shares in Montenegro: A Candidate Country’s Experience as an Incentive for Including Acta Jure Gestionis within the Range of Restrictions on Free Movement of Capital." Review of Central and East European Law 41, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): 117–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04102003.

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The aim of this article is to demonstrate the potential of certain acta jure gestionis to restrict the free movement of capital by way of establishing so-called “golden shares” (i.e., special rights). To that end, a Montenegrin case study is used, since it displays that a privatization contract and the subsequent shareholder’s agreement – typically jure gestionis acts – may be utilized to perpetuate a state’s influence over a privatized company in a manner equally efficient as that of certain jure imperii acts, which were found by the cjeu to represent impermissible restrictions on the free movement of capital. Finally, in view of the Montenegrin case study and the examined case law, arguments are offered and the conclusion is made that the cjeu should essentially adopt the same approach with regard to each of the two types of legal instruments utilized by states to secure their influence over privatized companies.

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Uhliar, Miroslav, and Andrej Kovalev. "Reliability of the Slovak Legislative Categorization in Comparison with the Selected Prediction Models - Application in Companies from the Creative Industry – Architecture in Slovakia." SHS Web of Conferences 115 (2021): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111502011.

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One of the important changes in the world economies is the increasing significance of the human capital and high emphasis on the Creative Industry. Many companies have been founded within this sector, and like the classic industrial companies, these also need to use models to analyze their financial health and predict their future development. Thus, the Authors decided to verify whether the categorization of the financial situation of the companies based on the Slovak legislative corelate with renowned models like the Altman Z-Score, the IN05 and Creditworthiness Indexes, the Quick Test and the Taffler model. Within the Creative Industry, the Authors targeted the sector of Slovak Architecture and focused on the legislative categorization based on the Acts No. 513/1991 Coll. and 7/2005 of the Commercial Code, as amended. According to the statistical testing results, it was the Quick Test which showed the highest rate of correlation to the legislative Acts. However, the current design of the Quick Test is not sufficient enough to assess the companies in architecture which, based on their results, fall into the so-called grey zone. Therefore, the Authors declare that it might be necessary to form a new predictive model for the assessment of a company’s financial health for the Creative Industry.

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Wedysiage, Mayesa, Semuel Hatane, and Devie Deviesa. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage: The Evaluation of the Mediation role of Employee Commitment and Customer Satisfaction, (Study on Manufacturing Companies in Surabaya)." Petra International Journal of Business Studies 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/ijbs.4.1.1-10.

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The objective of this research is to discover the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) towards Competitive Advantage using the Employee Commitment and Customer Satisfaction variables on the manufacturing companies listed in Surabaya. The sample population is 206 manufacturing companies in Surabaya that have already done CSR from the East Java BPS data. The samples are manufacturing companies selected via non-probability and the respondents are the owners or staff with the competency to represent the companies who are willing to fill the online or offline questionnaires. The researcher gathers the primary data from the 67 companies that answered the questionnaires then processes it with the SPSS and PLS software. The research result confirms that employee commitment acts as an intervening variable that can strengthen the relationship between CSR and competitive advantage.

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Roberts, Leigh A. "Weighted Mortality Rates as Early Warning Signals for Insurance Companies." ASTIN Bulletin 23, no. 2 (November 1993): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.23.2.2005095.

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AbstractWeighted mortality rates are commonly used in actuarial work, but the inter-relationship between the weights used and the underlying mortality rates seems not to have been widely investigated.Calculation of the ratio of weighted mortality rates to conventional mortality rates provides a simple means for an insurance company to track changes in the underlying mortality of its portfolio over time, and acts as an early warning system for possible deterioration of underwriting results. Asymptotic distributions are found for this ratio, and for the mortality rates themselves. It is suggested that insurance companies commence to gather data for the calculation of this ratio for the insurance sector as a whole, for the main annuity and assurance classes.

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Kantin, Roger, Michel Albrecht, Joseph Blanc, and Claudine Le Mut Tiercelin. "EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACTIVITIES AT CEDRE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 850–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-850.

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ABSTRACT French response capabilities in case of accidental water pollution are based on CEDRE's expertise in mitigation of both oil and chemical spills in marine and inland waters. As an association under the Ministry of the Environment, CEDRE acts for national organizations (such as the French Navy or Civil Security) or for private companies (oil and shipping companies). Its help can be provided from a distance (by phone/fax) or on the scene of the operation.

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Mengqi, Zhang, Xu Zhanghong, and Wan Muchun. "A Study of Pragmatic Function of Speech Acts in Mission Statements on the Basis of Adaptation Theory." English Language Teaching 11, no. 9 (August 13, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n9p80.

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orporate mission, a core part of corporate culture, plays an important role in the development and competition of companies. The study of mission statements is beneficial to both companies and stakeholders. This paper explores corporate mission from the perspective of linguistics on the basis of speech act theory and adaptation theory and reveals that assertives account for a large proportion with a small proportion of commissives and zero proportion of directives, expressives and declarations. Some skills can be used to polish the language of mission statements, like pun, personification and parallel structures. And some high frequency words are summarized. Several characteristics and writing skills are summarized about mission statements. The criteria of judging whether the mission statements are good or not are given in this paper.

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Kesner, Idalene F., Bart Victor, and Bruce T. Lamont. "Research Notes: Board Composition and the Commission of Illegal Acts: An Investigation of Fortune 500 Companies." Academy of Management Journal 29, no. 4 (December 1986): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/255945.

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Kesner, I. F., B. Victor, and B. T. Lamont. "RESEARCH NOTES. BOARD COMPOSITION AND THE COMMISSION OF ILLEGAL ACTS: AN INVESTIGATION OF FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES." Academy of Management Journal 29, no. 4 (December 1, 1986): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/255945.

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Mulyati, Erna. "MULTIGROUP ANALYSIS IN SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE." Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 21, no. 2 (September 2020): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jbm.v21i2.466.

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This study aims to examine differences in private and government third-party logistics companies in Indonesia in terms of improving supply chain performance. In this research, supply chain performance testing is influenced by collaboration, radical innovation, and incremental innovation. The sample used is the third-party logistics industry in West Java and DKI Jakarta, totaling 100, which is divided into private third-party logistic companies and government-owned third-party logistics companies. The results showed that there are differences in the effects of collaboration. There is supply chain performance where there are differences in the influence of collaboration and radical innovation on supply chain performance between private companies and government. There is no difference in the influence of collaboration and incremental innovation on supply chain performance between private companies and the government. The findings of this study indicate that radical and incremental innovation acts as a partial mediation on the effect of collaboration on supply chain performance in private and government companies.

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Vasilkova, Svetlana. "On legal status of Russian companies constructing power facilities abroad." SHS Web of Conferences 94 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219403012.

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The article concludes that the legal status of companies engaged in the construction of Russian power facilities abroad is determined precisely by the complex nature of legal regulation, which is carried out simultaneously by various branches and sub-branches of Russian law. Thus, the export of equipment from the Russian Federation and technologies that are used by companies during the construction of Russian power facilities abroad is regulated by the relevant regulatory legal acts of energy legislation and civil legislation, customs, economic, tax and other industries. The article provides examples from energy legislation and other branches of legislation, notes the specifics of regulating the legal status of such companies and the norms that enable them to invest in energy facilities abroad. Some directions for improving legislation in this respect are proposed.

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Spraakman, Gary. "THE FIRST EXTERNAL AUDITORS OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, 1866." Accounting Historians Journal 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.38.1.57.

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At the request of shareholders, the Hudson's Bay Company had its financial statements audited for the first time in 1866. Two external auditors were hired, one for the shareholders and one for management. Three inter-related forces led to this decision: (1) most importantly, the company's shareholders demanded audited financial statements, (2) there was emerging in London at the time the capacity and willingness among London accountants to provide external audit services, and (3) the British Parliament passed various acts that required financial statements of companies in other industries to be audited. After a few years, only the management's external auditor was retained. He subsequently influenced the company's development of management accounting. In addition, the company's early external auditors were influential in the development of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales.

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Hasan, Maruf, and Chun Kit Chan. "ISO 14000 and Its Perceived Impact on Corporate Performance." Business and Management Horizons 2, no. 2 (November 3, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v2i2.6546.

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ISO14000 is an international environmental standard that acts as a guideline for companies to improve its performance in environmental aspects. Researches related to ISO14000 shows that the implementation has not only improved companies’ environmental performance, but this has also enhanced companies’ corporate performance. In this research, a project is carried out to determine the benefits and costs of ISO14000, which necessitates the inspections of companies’ performance in corporate and environmental aspects. A questionnaire survey was carried out to achieve this and s the results from the survey shows that ISO14000 had an excellent performance in environmental aspects such as reducing waste and usage of materials and energy. In the business aspects, however, the performances were average due to high time expense for this system maintenance and cost of certification and surveillance.

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Yakovlev, Alexander, and Vasiliy Mikhaylov. "Economic and legal incentives to develop fish farming companies in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 176 (2020): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017605022.

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The article considers the main economic and legal incentives that determine the development of fish farming companies in Russia. The authors analyzed the main legal acts that form the institutional environment in the industry. Among them: the Doctrine of food security, the Federal Law on aquaculture, the state program for the development of the fisheries complex, the industry program for the development of commercial aquaculture and the strategy for the development of the fisheries complex. The study presents the results of an analysis of incentives for the development of fish farming companies in various Russian regions. The role and significance of non-profit organizations in the development of aquaculture is determined in the research.

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Pryadkina, E. A. "Trends in the Social Reporting Development of Russian Companies in Terms of Digitalization." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 6, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2019-6-2-60-67.

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Social reporting first appeared in Russia not more than two decades ago but has already become an integral part of the accounting practices of major companies. Such reporting acts as a tool for interaction between organizations and their stakeholders. With its help the entities accountable to society for the consequences of their business activity, report on environmental, social and economic consequences their companies have inflicted. While most Russian organizations are yet to develop this type of reporting, pioneer-companies are already using modern information and communication technologies in the process of disclosure of socially significant information. Their reports are becoming more and more interactive: multimedia interface allows users to customize reports themselves, transform the reports into a comfortable form for them to work with, it also allows to analyze the contained data and information, leave feedback about the content of the report and much more. Some organizations are experimenting with new channels of communication that allows them to make reports available anywhere and at any time. Such active development process of social reporting in Russia is largely defined by the normative acts, adopted in 2017: the strategy for information society development in the Russian Federation for the 2017–2030 period, the «Digital Economy» program, the concept of development of public non-financial reporting. All this suggests that the nature of social reporting development in Russia in the context of digitalization is quite progressive.

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Lee, Seokwoo, and Youngkwan Cho. "Historical Issues between Korea and Japan and Judicial Activism: Focus on the Recent Supreme Court Decision on Japanese Forced Labor." Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 2, no. 1 (April 24, 2014): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134484-12340035.

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Abstract The Supreme Court decision regarding “Compensation for Forced Labor” concerns the victims of forced labor who were employed by Japanese munitions companies for the production of weapons during the colonial era. The victims filed a damage suit against these companies for unlawful acts and for the payment of unpaid wages, for which the Supreme Court upheld their right to compensation and payment of wages. This article describes the progress leading up to these decisions, discusses their significance, and evaluates the implications of judicial activism in these issues that concern Korea’s colonial past.

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Wiwoho, Gunarso. "ORIENTASI PASAR DAN INOVASI PRODUK, SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA UMKM: SEBUAH AGENDA PENELITIAN." Fokus Bisnis : Media Pengkajian Manajemen dan Akuntansi 18, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/fokusbisnis.v18i2.340.

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Successful companies are those who accurately anticipate market trends and respond quickly to changing customer needs. Market orientation acts as the lifeblood of the modern marketing era. Market orientation, being one of the most important components of strategic orientation, has a broad influence on entrepreneurial oriented companies. Market orientation is important for business enterprises and new businesses because at the initial stage they allow them to learn and adapt to the environment, quickly react to opportunities and threats. Companies that get high scores on market orientation often tend to be more entrepreneurial oriented and companies that adopt market orientation have achieved superior performance. Market orientation has a positive effect on business profitability and is the culture needed to create superior customer value, which in turn is the basis for competitive advantage Market orientation is a basic strategy of marketing practice that plays an important role in improving business performance and is one of the first strategic frameworks that provide companies with sustainable competitive advantages.

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Guslan, Odie Faiz. "MALADMINISTRATION IN CORRUPTION CASE: A STUDY OF LIMITATION ON THE CRIMINAL ACTION." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v3i2.13249.

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This study aims to determine the boundaries between implementing a government agency (bestuurhandeling) that harms quality state finances as maladministration or is a criminal act of corruption. Normative juridical research methods. The results of the study show that not all companies are carried out by public officials who are financial sources of corruption. In determining the boundaries between acts of maladministration and acts of the body or government officials must avoid discretionary actions that contain legal ribbons such as: fraud (deception), manipulation, misdirection (misrepresentation), concealment of facts, breach of trust, subterfuge (subfunction), or circumvention of regulations (illegal violations).

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HarizoFinoana and Olivier. "THE INVOLVEMENT OF MANAGERS IN THE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SMALL COMPANIES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 6 (March 25, 2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i6.2019.394.

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The manager plays a very important role in the management of a sma7ll company. The empirical analysis conducted for this article, using a hypothetical-deductive approach, demonstrated, once again, this situation. The hypothesis at the very beginning of this article that the manager's involvement in the control system varies according to the size of the VSE or SME has been verified according to a statistical study. For a very small company, the manager's intervention in the control system is done in an interpersonal way and covers all the management cycles of a company. When the size increases its intervention varies in the opposite direction. Thus, the manager acts as a one man show for a very small business and as an invigilator for an SME. The question of training, in this case, becomes an essential element for the effectiveness of the control system.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Companies Acts'

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