Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Compagnons de faible masse'
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Montagnier, Guillaume. "Recherche de compagnons de faible masse par Optique Adaptative." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714874.
Full textMontagnier, Guillaume. "Recherche de compagnons de faible masse par optique adaptative." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10289.
Full textLn the last decade, the field of the search and study of cold companions around solar neighborhood stars has greatly improved. The study of low mass stellar compani?ns and brown dwarf companions brings important constraints in the unclerstanding of stellar formation. The study of planetary sys¬tems allows us to understand the formation of our own solar system. Up to now, most systems were cliscovered with the radial velocities technique. This technique is an indirect method that prevents from analysing the photons of a cold companion. The next step consists in detecting and analysing the photons of such companions. Many projects of high contrast imaging instruments have been re¬cently cleveloped in orcier to fulfil this task. This thesis was inspired by the scientific preparation and the development of such a project : the SPHERE instrument that will be installed at the Very Large Telescope in Chile in 2012. Ln the first part, 1 introduce the astrophysical questions that motivate the search for star companions and de scribe the two observation techniques that 1 used during my PhD : high contrast imaging and radial velocities techniques. A state of art about the status of the search for low mass stellar compa¬nions, brown clwarf companions and planetary companions is also done. Ln the second part, 1 clescribe the observation, data reduction and analysis techniques 1 used. The third part presents a study on the brown dwarf desert around around solar type stars that were selected from a sample of stars with radial velocity drift. Ln the fourth part, 1 clevelop an observation work that consists in detecting the planetary or brown dwarf companions around red dwarfs. The last part is devoted to the description of the SPHERE instrument and to my own contribution into this instrumental project
Bonnefoy, Mickaël. "Recherche et caractérisation des propriétés physiques et chimiques des compagnons de faible masse, naines brunes et planètes géantes, à l'aide d'observations à haut contraste et à haute résolution angulaire." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY035.
Full textMy work takes place in the dynamic context of the direct detection of low mass companions (brown dwarfs, extrasolar planets). I intent to characterize their physical and chemical properties, and to understand the mechanisms that lead to their formation and drive their evolution. This requires using high contrast and high angular resolution techniques in order to resolve the close environment of the stars without being limited by their flux. I had the opportunity to participate to observational campaigns so as to detect new sources. I developed a set of data analysis tools designed to extract the spectra and the flux of the objects into photometric bands. Finally, I used this information to study the physical (radius, mass, age) and the atmospheric (composition, effective temperature, surface gravity) properties of these objects. The first part of this manuscript focus on the detection of young (age < 100 Myrs) low mass companions using imaging. I describe a set of reduction and analysis tools dedicated to the angular differential imaging technique. These tools have been used on data coming from the NaCo instrument located on the Very Large Telescope (Chile). They allowed re-detecting the extrasolar planet β Pictoris b. This companion is closer to its star than any of the extrasolar planets detected directly so far. This discovery brings the definite proof that giant planets can form in less than 12 million years within disks. I finally present a complementary analysis I conducted to initiate the characterization of this valuable object. The determination of the spectroscopic properties of young and low mass objects in the near infrared (1. 1-2. 5 µm) constitutes the second aspect of my work (and is reported in the last part of the manuscript). I started developing analysis and processing tools dedicated to data gathered on the adaptive optics assisted integral field spectrograph SINFONI. These efforts were used to analyze the spectrum of the planet/brown dwarf companion AB Pic b. This work was pursued to built a spectral library of young objects. This library brings a collection of reference spectra, necessary for the study of other young companions. It also brings new constraints on the latest generation of atmospheric models of cool objects. To conclude, I used the instrument NaCo and SINFONI to characterize the binary system TWA 22AB that could calibrate evolutionary models of low mass objects
Mera, Dominique. "Etoiles de faible masse, naines brunes et masse manquante dans la galaxie." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO19001.
Full textParise, Bérengère. "La deutération dans les protoétoiles de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009303.
Full textParise, Bérangère. "La deutération dans les protoétoiles de faible masse." Toulouse 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009303.
Full textDespite the low deuterium abundance in the Universe (D/H ~ 1. 5x10-5), high abundances of deuterated molecules are detected in star forming regions, with a fractionation higher than the cosmic abundance of deuterium by several orders of magnitude. We study in this thesis the physical and chemical processes leading to the high molecular deuteration observed in low-mass protostellar environments. We present observations of deuterated molecules (namely methanol, formaldehyde and water) both in the gas and in the icy mantles of dust grains in the envelope surrounding such objects. Millimeter observations unveiled a high deuteration of methanol in the gas of the envelope. In particular, triply-deuterated methanol was detected with a fractionation CD3OH/CH3OH ~ 1% in IRAS16293-2422. The observed fractionations are consistent with the scenario of formation of methanol on dust grain surfaces. Deuterated methanol and formaldehyde were then searched for and detected on a sample of low-mass Class 0 protostars, suggesting that this high deuteration is common in this class of objects. Analysis of the gas-phase water emission in the IRAS16293-2422 envelope leads paradoxically to a fractionation one order of magnitude lower, in agreement with the upper limit on water deuteration in ices, derived by near-infrared observations towards slightly more evolved objects. The last chapter of the thesis presents a grain chemistry model that studies in details water fractionation
Delfosse, Xavier. "Naines brunes et étoiles de très faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686419.
Full textDelfosse, Xavier. "Naines brunes et étoiles de très faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10189.
Full textSégransan, Damien. "Les étoiles de très faible masse du voisinage solaire : multiplicité et relation masse-luminosité." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10082.
Full textMaret, Sébastien. "Structure physico-chimique des proto-étoiles de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003798.
Full textForestini, Manuel. "Etoiles de masse faible et intermédiaire: évolution et nucléosynthèse." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212995.
Full textPhan, Bao Ngoc. "Étoiles de très faible masse dans le voisinage solaire." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066459.
Full textMALKI, MOHAMMED. "Recherche d'etoiles de faible masse dans les nuages moleculaires." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30113.
Full textAmard, Louis. "Évolution de la rotation des étoiles jeunes de faible masse." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT258/document.
Full textThe angular momentum content of a star, as its mass or its chemical composition is one of the fundamental properties of a star, one of those that evolves with time and modify the stellar structure. The angular momentum can be studied as a global property, we can then observe it through the surface rotation velocity, or a local property that vary inside the star, we therefore have to probe the stellar radiation zone and study the secular angular momentum redistribution processes that happen in this region. During this PhD, in the frame of the ToUpiES project, we have been especially interested in the evolution of the young low-mass stars angular momentum, since this phase of evolution is critical regarding the evolution of extraction and redistribution angular momentum processes. First, we included in the STAREVOL evolution code the most up-to-date prescription for the wind-driven angular momentum extraction. We led a systematic study of the various combination of this braking with the different existing prescriptions for the treatment of horizontal and vertical turbulent motions in stellar radiative zones. This allows us to select a set of prescription able to reproduce the observed rotation periods in young open clusters for a broad mass-range. Next, we analysed how these prescriptions for extraction and transport of angular momentum behave when applied to a 1.2M⊙ model. We compared the result to what is obtained with other processes estimated as potentially very efficient to redistribute angular momentum (internal gravity waves, MHD Tayler-Spruit instability, gravity modes). This allows us to derive in each case, the specificity of the rotation profiles predicted by the different transport processes. Then, we set up a functional rotational model adapted to almost the entire range low-mass stars, allowing to reproduce the observed low-mass stars rotation periods in young open clusters (with 0, 2M⊙ ≤M≤ 1, 1M⊙). This models can also predict the rotational evolution at different metallicities. Eventually, these models have been used in the frame of various works in different domains such as the characterisation of planet host-stars, the evolution of the magnetic topology during the young stellar phases or even the impact of stellar evolution on the habitability of a planetary system
Haïne, Véronique. "Accessibilité de l'amidon granulaire aux solutés de faible masse moléculaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598137m.
Full textBrugger, Bastien. "Structure interne et minéralogie des exoplanètes terrestres de faible masse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0324/document.
Full textModeling exoplanetary interiors draws a link between two domains: the detection and characterization of exoplanets, in the context of upcoming missions like PLATO or CHEOPS, and geophysics, with the study of solar system bodies from space missions and laboratory experiments. We have developed a model of internal structure for terrestrial exoplanets describing a metallic core, a silicate mantle, and a water envelope – to span a large range of planetary compositions. Applying this model to confirmed cases strengthens the fact that, beyond the precision on an exoplanet's fundamental parameters (mass and radius), the host star's elemental composition is useful to constrain that of the planet, and thus to progress towards its full characterization. Improving the model goes through several aspects, first by selecting the most appropriate equation of state for extrapolating the Earth's data to the domain of super-Earths. A detailed modeling of the materials is implemented, through the use of a Gibbs free-energy minimization code to describe the mantle's complex chemistry, but also with the incorporation of light elements in the metallic core. This gives the model the precision needed to infer constraints on the interior of solar system bodies, which can then be projected to exoplanet families. The purpose of this work is to better apprehend the vast diversity of exoworlds in terms of dynamics, formation, and composition
Lachaume, Régis. "Structure des disques d'accrétion autour des étoiles jeunes de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006474.
Full textJe présente une étude de ces disques fondée sur une description analytique poussée du transfert radiatif, afin de retarder l'étape de mise en oeuvre numérique. Cette méthode possède l'avantage de permettre une meilleure compréhension des processus et des conditions physiques dans ces objets. Afin de contraindre les paramètres du modèle, j'ai choisi d'établir un diagnostic observationnel novateur sur la base de la distribution spectrale d'énergie, technique bien connue, et des visibilités obtenues en interférométrie optique à longue base, récentes et prometteuses car elles permettent d'obtenir des informations spatiales à l'échelle de l'unité astronomique pour les étoiles jeunes les plus proches.
Je commence par une généralisation des approches analytiques du transfert dans les atmosphères stellaires, en reliant la température en tout point à la profondeur optique, avec deux différences notables : le chauffage visqueux a lieu sur l'ensemble du disque et la surface est éclairée par l'étoile. Ce formalisme est ensuite employé dans une simulation numérique de disque chauffé par la viscosité seule. Ensuite, j'élabore une version simplifiée du transfert dans un disque à deux couches : une surface chauffée par la couche interne et par l'étoile, et un intérieur chauffé par la viscosité et par la couche externe. Cette version permet d'obtenir des formules analytiques simplifiées décrivant les conditions physiques dans un disque présentant les deux sources de chauffage énoncées.
Enfin, je m'attèle à l'interprétation des observations. Après une étude prospective concernant les possibilités ouvertes par l'interférométrie pour les objets marginalement résolus, je présente des ajustements du modèle à deux couches aux étoiles jeunes de faible masse déjà observées en interférométrie.
Gallet, Florian. "Modélisation de l'évolution du moment cinétique des étoiles de faible masse." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY055/document.
Full textIn 1972, Skumanich discovers a unique empirical relationship between the rotation period of the surface of G star and their age on the main sequence. This discovery then opened a new path for stellar dating: the gyrochronology. Therefore, many authors in the late 80's and the begenning 90's, were interested in the evolution of the surface angular velocity of low-mass stars ($M_*$ = 0.4 $M_{odot}$- 1.1 $M_{odot}$). The first phenomenological models on the subject were born.The angular velocity evolution of these stars begins to be reasonably well reproduced by the class of parametrical model that I present in this thesis. Because of the lack of adequate theoretical descriptions, only the overall effects of the physical mechanisms involved are described here. The main issue is to study the framework and how the stellar angular momentum is affected by these processes and to constrain their main characteristics.Over the course of my thesis, I modelled the rotational tracks of external and median envelopes and median of rotation period distributions of 18 stellar clusters between 1 Myr and 1 Gyr. This allowed me to analyse the time dependence of the physical mechanisms involved in the angular momentum evolution of solar-type stars. The results I obtained show that the evolution of the internal differential rotation significantly impact the rotational convergence (empirical Skumanich's relationship), the evolution of the surface lithium abundance, and the intensity of the magnetic field generated by dynamo effect. In addition to the reproduction of these external envelopes, the model I developed provides constraints on the mechanisms of internal redistribution of angular momentum and the lifetimes of circumstellar disks, that are held responsible for the rotational regulation observed during the first few million years of pre-main sequence. The extension of the model to less massive stars (0.5 et 0.8 $M_{odot}$) that I performed also provided the mass dependence of these physical processes. Most specifically, this step added strong constraints on the characteristic time associated to the transport of angular momentum between the core and the envelope, on the efficiency of magnetic braking likely related to a change of topology from solar-type stars to those of 0.5 $M_{odot}$, and on the internal and external rotational history of stars from 1 Myr to 1 Gyr
DUMOUSSEAUX, CHRISTOPHE. "Comportement en solution aqueuse de polyelectrolytes hydrophobes de faible masse moleculaire." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066149.
Full textMartinez, Johany. "Les galaxies de faible masse vues par MUSE et l'amplification gravitationnelle." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1069/document.
Full textGalaxy formation and evolution is one of the most challenging mysteries in the observable Universe. In order to improve our knowledge in this field, the research make use of different observation programs to characterize scaling relations of physical properties, to better constrain and understand galaxy population at different stages of their lives throughout the history of the Universe. Since the past decades, studies are trying to extend those scaling relations in the parameter space. It is in this movement that this thesis project fits. The Spectral Energy Distribution(SED) of high redshift galaxies contains the signature of physical properties such as stellar mass, SFR and extinction. In this work, we perform a SED analysis of magnified galaxies at z>3 using deep Hubble, VLT and Spitzer/IRAC images of the Frontier Fields galaxy clusters. Due to the size of the Kband PSF and specially IRAC PSF and the high density of bright cluster members, it is crucial to deblend Kband and IRAC images to get a reliable SED. We do this by automatically fitting the contaminating galaxies with GALFIT, using a custom Python script which accounts for the relative levels of contamination from each cluster member. We model the decontaminated SED using stellar population models. We apply this method to derive SFR, masses and sizes of a sample of 63 galaxies at z>3 detected in the A2744 and MACS0416 fields, spectroscopically confirmed with MUSE. The very strong amplification of these clusters allow us to collect a robust sample of low-mass galaxies (108 M?), probing the low-luminosity part of scaling relations between stellar mass & size and stellar mass & stellar formation rate
Prugniel, Philippe. "Galaxies en interaction et evolution dynamique des galaxies elliptiques de faible masse." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30044.
Full textAllain, Stéphanie. "L'évolution du moment cinétique des étoiles pré-séquence principale de faible masse." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10167.
Full textBoutelier, Martin. "Etude des Oscillations Quasi Périodiques dans les systèmes binaires X de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444379.
Full textCabrit, Sylvie. "Ejection de matière dans les objets protostellaires et les étoiles jeunes de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725199.
Full textYvart, Walter. "Signatures moléculaires dans les vents de disque MHD des proto-étoiles de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880647.
Full textLenne-Bessol, Catherine. "Induction par la chaleur d'une protéine mitochondriale de faible masse moléculaire chez le pois." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10140.
Full textCabrit, Sylvie. "Ejection de matiere dans les objets protostellaires et les etoiles jeunes de faible masse." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066082.
Full textChaghi, Radhouane. "ETUDE DE LA SOLUBILISATION DES PRODUITS ORGANIQUES A FAIBLE MASSE MOLECULAIRE DANS UN SYSTEME MICELLAIRE." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196348.
Full text(Phénol, butanol, heptanol et acide heptanoïque) et les micelles du tensioactif cationique le bromure d'hexadécyltriméthylammonium (CTAB) au voisinage de la concentration micellaire critique et à de faibles concentrations en solutés ont été caractérisées avec différentes techniques expérimentales : La RMN du 1H, la microcalorimétrie de titration, la conductivité spécifique et la spectroscopie UV. La localisation et l'orientation des solutés modèle dans la micelle ont été déterminées.
La solubilisation de ces molécules dans un système micellaire varie selon la composition du mélange. En effet, les interactions tensioactif-soluté, qui sont très faibles et difficiles à détecter, nécessitent pour être étudiées des techniques expérimentales sensibles et précises (RMN 1H et microcalorimétrie de titration).
L'exploitation des résultats obtenus a fourni des indications sur la localisation et l'orientation du Phénol à l'intérieur de la micelle. Ces résultats confirment que le Phénol, pour de faibles molalités, se solubilise principalement dans la couronne micellaire et la couche de palissade. A cause de l'aspect compétitif entre le Phénol, le NaBr et les alcools résulte que à faibles molalités en solutés, le Phénol est contraint à quitter la micelle. Le butanol et l'acide favorisent la solubilisation du Phénol dans le coeur de la micelle.
Bardeau, Sebastien. "Distribution de masse d'un echantillon d'amas de galaxies determinee par effet de lentille gravitationnelle faible." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008027.
Full textWakelam, Valentine. "Etude de la chimie du soufre dans les régions de formation stellaire de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007369.
Full textGuérou, Adrien. "Formation et évolution des galaxies de faible masse, de l'univers local aux décalages spectraux intermédiaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30256.
Full textLow-mass galaxies form the most numerous galaxy population in the Universe at all cosmic times, and are legitimately considered as the "building-blocks" of galaxy formation in a cosmological context. In the local Universe, low-mass galaxies are preferentially found in galaxy clusters where they form through a complex chain of in-situ formation and accretion events. However, the detailed formation and evolution processes of low-mass galaxies, and their exact roles in the formation of more massive galaxies are still poorly constrained, in particular due to challenging observations. After setting the scene with an introduction on our current understanding of low-mass galaxies, I present the study of a sample of eight compact low-mass galaxies in the Virgo cluster. I derive their stellar kinematics as well as the age and metallicity of their stellar content from GMOS/Gemini Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) data, and demonstrate that the stellar population properties evolve smoothly with galaxy size, mass and environment over the full range of galaxy mass. This suggests that a similar set of physical processes is at play on both low- and high-mass galaxies, but the relative efficiency of each of these processes in shaping galaxies varies smoothly from the low- to the high-mass ends. I then derive their star formation histories as well as those of a sample of 20 more extended typical low-mass galaxies, and present a study of their dependencies on the environment and the mass of their host galaxy. As a result, I underline through this work that the environment as well as the most massive galaxies play an important role in controlling the formation and evolution of low-mass galaxies. But local galaxies only represent the end products of a complex evolution path, leaving ambiguity about the early evolution of galaxies. However, I then show with the help of IFS observations of the nearby galaxy NGC3115 obtained with MUSE/VLT, that two-dimensional maps of the kinematics and stellar populations of galaxies, with large spatial coverage and high spatial resolution, are keys to unveil their whole mass assembly history, and thus their formation and evolution through all cosmic times. Thus, to better constrain the evolution of low-mass galaxies, I use deep MUSE/VLT observations in the Hubble Deep Field South to study low-mass galaxies at intermediate redshift. I derive for the first time the spatially resolved stellar kinematics of a sample of ten galaxies at a redshift between z ~ 0.2 - 0.7, and show that the stellar rotation amplitude and velocity dispersion are in agreement with previous studies of their gas kinematics. Such information put into the light of current galaxy evolution models will help to better understand the growth of stellar mass in galaxies and the origins of today low-mass galaxies
Bolmont, Emeline. "Evolution et habitabilité de systèmes planétaires autour d'étoiles de faible masse et de naines brunes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933668.
Full textBardeau, Sébastien. "Distribution de masse d'un échantillon d'amas de galaxies déterminée par effet de lentille gravitationnelle faible." Toulouse 3, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008027.
Full textOne of the strongest predictions of Einstein's General Relativity is the ability of any mass to curve space-time and consequently to deflect light rays. One of its direct consequence is then the gravitational lensing effect: images of sources located in the background of a massive object lying on the line-of-sight are distorted, magnified or even splitted in multiple images. Galaxy clusters, the most massive structures in the Universe, are able to generate the strongest effect. The history, the formation process and the dynamical state of these entities are clues to understand the formation and the evolution of the Universe itself. This thesis aims at understanding and constraining the mass distribution of a sample of galaxy clusters measured from weak gravitational lensing, thanks to a statiscal study of weakly distorted objects
Bonne, Lars. "La formation du gaz dense à l'origine des étoiles de faible et de haute masse." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0121.
Full textTo understand how stars can form in the interstellar medium (ISM), it has to be understood how cold (~ 10 K) and dense gas (> 10^{4} cm^{-3}) can emerge during the evolution of the ISM. With the Herschel telescope it was found that most of this dense star forming gas is organised in filamentary structures.To understand how this dense filamentary gas forms, multiple CO transitions were observed towards the Musca filament, which can form low-mass stars, using the APEX telescope. These observations were complemented with [CII] and [OI] observations by the SOFIA telescope. The non-detection of [CII] demonstrates that the Musca cloud is embedded in a weak FUV field (< 1 G0). However, the observed CO(4-3) line with APEX demonstrates the presence of warm (> 50 K) CO gas around the Musca filament which cannot be explained with heating by the FUV radiation field. A comparison of the observed CO(4-3) emission with shock models shows that the emission can be the result of a low-velocity (< 4 km/s) J-type shock. Further analysis of this emission demonstrates that this shock emission resembles the signature of a shock responsible for mass accretion on a filament. This suggests that a low-velocity shock as a result of continuous mass accretion is responsible for the formation of cold and dense gas that can form stars in the Musca filament.The accretion scenario for Musca is further analysed with low-J CO observations from APEX and NANTEN2 to study the large scale gas kinematics. These observations unveil a velocity gradient over the Musca filament crest which is correlated with the velocity field of the nearby ambient gas. This suggests that the velocity gradient is the result of mass accretion from the ambient cloud. Analysing the full Musca cloud demonstrates a spatial and kinematic asymmetry from low- to high-density gas. This asymmetry is seen as a V-shape in the position-velocity (PV) diagram perpendicular to the Musca filament. Including atomic hydrogen (HI) observations in the analysis first of all confirms that Musca is part of a larger HI cloud, the Chamaeleon-Musca complex. It also demontrates that the kinematic asymmetry is seen from the HI cloud down to the filament crest. Furthermore, the CO-HI asymmetry is found for basically all dense regions (Cha I, Cha II, Cha III and Musca) with archival data of Chamaeleon-Musca, while HI shows indications of more than one velocity component. This asymmetric accretion scenario is predicted by magnetised cloud-cloud collision simulations, where the bending of the magnetic field is responsible the observed asymmetric accretion scenario. The filament formation in Musca is thus the result of two intersecting converging flows which are driven by the magnetic field bending due to a large-scale colliding HI flow that triggered the observed star formation in the full Chamaeleon-Musca complex.Finally, the kinematics of the high-mass star forming ridge DR21 and its surrounding gas are studied to compare low- and high-mass star formation. This shows a similar spatial and kinematic asymmetry as in Musca, which suggests that DR21 is formed by a giant molecular cloud (GMC) collision. However, it is also found for high-mass star formation in the DR21 cloud that gravity plays an important role on large scales (> 1 pc) while for Musca gravity only starts to dominate locally (r < 0.1-0.2 pc). So, due to the high density in the DR21 cloud after the GMC collision, gravity eventually drives the evolution of the compressed cloud for high-mass star forming regions. Kinematic observations of the full Cygnus-X north region show further indications of two interacting velocity components over the entire region, which indicates that a high-velocity (> 10 km/s) GMC collision can result in the formation of an OB association similar to OB2. These OB stars then form in gravitationally collapsing hubs and ridges due to the compression by the GMC collision
Rhattas, Abdelmajid. "Transfert de masse dans les materiaux argileux a faible porosite : analyse theorique et resultats experimentaux." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE2032.
Full textBoirin, Laurence. "Etude de la variabilité des binaires X de faible masse à partir d'observations avec RXTE." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30025.
Full textBolmont, Emeline. "Evolution et habitabilité de systèmes planétaires autour d’étoiles de faible masse et de naines brunes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14897/document.
Full textThe discovery of more than 900 planets orbiting other stars than our Sun makes this period very exciting. Our knowledge which was based on the Solar System has been challenged by new planetary systems which are very different from our system. Some of them are much more compact than the Solar System. Some planets are located extremely close-in from their star, within the orbital distance of Mercury, in a region where tidal effects are important. Understanding the structure of the known exoplanetary systems and the future ones requires to take into account the physics of tidal evolution.The missions dedicated to the finding of exoplanets are beginning to detect less massive planets in the habitable zone of their host star. The habitable zone is here defined as the range of orbital distances where a planet with an atmosphere can sustain liquid water at its surface. The study of the climate of exoplanets, given a stellar flux and spectra, is important for the characterization of planetary atmosphere – which JWST will make possible.This thesis provides a study of the dynamical and tidal evolution of planetary systems orbiting evolving brown dwarfs and low mass stars in order to constrain some tidal parameters and in the case of planets around brown dwarfs put some constrains on observability. First, I studied the tidal evolution of single-planet systems orbiting a brown dwarf, a M-dwarf or a Sun-like star whose radius evolution is taken into account. The aim of this study was to study the influence of the contraction of the brown dwarf or star on the orbital evolution of the planets. Second, I endeavored to study the tidal evolution of multiple-planet systems orbiting a brown dwarf, a M-dwarf or a Sun-like star whose radius evolution is also taken into account.These two projects allow me to study the question of the habitability of planets orbiting those objects, in particular orbiting brown dwarfs which are known to cool down with time. A planet orbiting a brown dwarf in its habitable zone is sufficiently close to the brown dwarf to feel tidal effects. So parameters such as the eccentricity or obliquity, which are important for the climate are partially determined by tides. In this thesis, this question is briefly addressed but will be deepened in a future post-doc
Chaghi, Radhouane. "Etude de la solubilisation des produits organiques à faible masse moléculaire dans un système micellaire." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20066.
Full textMasson, Jacques. "Etude des effets de la magnétohydrodynamique non idéale sur la formation des étoiles de faible masse." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942777.
Full textRieutord, André. "L'exaltation de la photoluminescence des xénobiotiques de faible masse moléculaire par marquage covalent et non covalent." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114835.
Full textBenbakoura, Mansour. "Evolution des étoiles de faible masse en interaction : observations multi-techniques et modélisation des systèmes multiples." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7027.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of low-mass stars having other stars or planets in their immediate environment. We focused on the influence of interactions with these companions on stellar evolution and their observable consequences.In the first part, we present the model of evolution of star–planet systems that we developed during this thesis, called ESPEM (French acronym for Evolution of Planetary Systems and Magnetism). This model incorporates ab-initio prescriptions to quantify the effects of magnetized stellar wind and tidal dissipation on stellar rotation and planetary orbit, simultaneously with the star's structural evolution. First, we use it to study the secular evolution of the rotation of planet-host stars and show that this evolution can be significantly different from that of isolated stars. Next, we examine the predictions of this model regarding the orbital architecture of star–planet systems. Our results suggest an interpretation to the observed distributions of orbital and stellar rotation periods.In the second part of the manuscript, we show how the observation of advanced binary stars allows us to test astrophysical theories, in particular asteroseismology and tidal interaction. First, we present the results of an observation program that we conducted for more than two years and that allowed us to characterize 16 eclipsing binary systems. Then, we compare these results with those obtained by analyzing this sample using asteroseismic tools to verify the accuracy of the latter. Finally, by extending the studied sample to 30 other advanced binary stars including an evolved primary, we test the theory of tidal evolution. This allows us both to validate the theory and to understand the evolution of the systems observed in this work.This work highlights two aspects of the specificity of multiple systems. First, it shows how the evolution of stars is affected by the presence of a stellar or planetary companion. Second, it emphasizes the interest of binary stars in testing astrophysical theories and reinforces the current understanding of stellar evolution
Chauvin, Gaël. "Étude des environnements circumstellaires en imagerie à haut contraste et à haute résolution angulaire." Grenoble 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10158.
Full textLn the context of the search for brown dwarfs and giant planets companions to stars, as well as circumstellar disks, a first part of my work has been devoted to the study ofthe detection capabilities performed by high contrast and high angular resolution instruments. 1 have been, mainly, interested by the instruments, which presently equip the large ground based telescopes, and which are composed of an adaptive optics system and an infTared camera, coupled with a stellar coronagraph. 1 have been particularly involved into the integration and test phases of the Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System NAOS, presently installed at the UT4 telescope of the ESO Very Large Telescope, in Chili. 1 also developed a model to study and to predict the detection capabilities performed by su ch instruments as a function of the detector modes, the instrument characteristics, the observing configurations or the atmospheric conditions. Thinking of the limitations and the optimization of the observing detection performances has been crucial for the second part of my work, dedicated to the search for low mass companions to stars and circumstellar disks. Two types of targets have been found ideal for this study: the young, nearby associations due to their evolutionary status and the stars with planets, indirectly detected by the radial velocity measurements. I present the detection of severa! substellar candidates in the young, nearby associations Beta Pictoris, MBM 12 and Tucana-Horologium, as well as an unprecedented work on the fraction of stellar companions and of brown dwarf companions among these stars. 1 also describe the recent results concerning the discovery of faint companions in the circumstellar environment of stars with planets and 1 present the detection capabilities performed thanks to our deep imaging strategy
Renault, Cécile. "Recherche de matiere noire galactique par effet de microlentille gravitationnelle sous forme d'objets compacts de faible masse." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077330.
Full textLoucatos, Sotiris. "Mise en évidence des bosons intermédiaires W± et Z° dans les collisions proton-antiproton à 546 GeV dans le centre de masse : expérience UA2." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112340.
Full textThe Standard Model of electromagnetic and weak interactions predicts the existence of the intermediate vector bosons W+̲ and Z° and gives precise predictions for their masses. Antiproton accumulation by stochastic cooling and the operation of the CERN SPS accelerator in collider mode made accessible pp̄ collisions at 546 GeV center of mass energy. This thesis presents the observation of the intermediate vector bosons through their decays Z° → e⁺ e⁻, W → ev. During running periods 1982 and 1983, 8 decays Z° → e⁺ e⁻ and 32 decays W → ev with an electron of pT > 25 GeV/c were observed in UA2 experiment. Cross sections of W+̲ and Z° production and the weak interaction parameters: MW, MZ, sin²θW and p are determined. These results are in agreement with Standard Model predictions, thus confirming theory in a spectacular way. An upper limit to the total width of the Z° is given. An upper limit to the number of additional neutrinos is inferred. Radiative decays of the intermediate vector bosons are discussed
Turpin-Bouzin, Aurélie. "Pulvérisation dans des gaz circulant à faible vitesse (transfert de matière et efficacité) : application à l’évaluation des performances des produits commerciaux dits « neutralisants d’odeurs »." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S042.
Full textIn order to study the efficiency of commercial “odour neutralising” products, a spray tower has been developed. This pilot works with low gas velocities and fluids can circulate co- or counter-currently. In a first step, mass transfer during spraying was characterised by determining the main mass transfer parameters (interfacial area, liquid and gaz mass transfer coefficients). The second step allowed to determine efficiency during spraying of scrubbing solutions (tap water and solutions involving known reactions) on removal of odorous pollutants chosen to be representative of great malodorous famillies. Finally, the performances of commercial “odour neutralising” products have been evaluated and their means of action cleared up
Burgess, Andrew. "Exploration de la fonction de faible masse initiale dans les amas jeunes et les r ´egions de formation stellaire." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576460.
Full textLodieu, Nicolas. "Recherches d'étoiles de faible masse et de naines brunes : voisinage solaire et amas d'âge intermédiaire Alpha Per et Collinder 359." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30091.
Full textWe describe results for surveys for low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, including older ones in the nearby field and younger ones in more distant clusters. First, we present the outcome of a proper motion survey aimed at finding some of the nearest and coolest neighbours to the Sun. We have uncovered numerous ultracool dwarfs within 50 parsecs, including the closest brown dwarf binary. Second, we focus on the substellar mass function in young open clusters. We have carried out a wide-field near-infrared survey of a 0. 7 square degree region in the Alpha Per cluster, yielding new member candidates, including several brown dwarfs. We have also conducted an optical survey of a 1. 6 square degree area in Collinder 359. New bona-fide members have been extracted from solar mass stars to brown dwarfs, yielding a revised distance and age for the cluster. The derived mass function continues rising into the substellar regime with a slope flatter than that estimated for Pleiades-like clusters
Guenel, Mathieu. "Dissipation de marée dans les étoiles de faible masse et les planètes géantes : ondes inertielles, structure interne et rotation différentielle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS307/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the tidal dissipation mechanisms in low-mass stars that have an external convective envelope like the Sun (i.e. from M- to F-type stars), as well as in Jupiter- and Saturn-like gaseous giant planets. We particularly focus on understanding and characterizing the influence of the internal structure and dynamics of these bodies on the various physical mechanisms that cause this tidal dissipation, in order to assess their relative strength.In the case of giant planets, we use preexisting semi-analytical models and we show that the dissipation induced by the possible presence of a viscoelastic solid core is not negligible compared to the one induced by inertial waves (whose restoring force is the Coriolis acceleration) in the convective envelope. For low-mass stars, we perform a new semi-analytic study as well as numerical simulations of tidal inertial waves propagating in the external convective envelope, and we compute the associated energy dissipation. For the first time, the effects of a background latitudinal differential rotation, as observed in the Sun and predicted by various numerical simulations of convection in low-mass stars, is taken into account. We highlight the existence of new families of inertial modes as well as the importance of corotation resonances for tidal dissipation. Finally, we derive a new prescription for the turbulent viscosity applied to these tidal waves that takes into account the influence of rotation on the properties of convective flows along the evolution of stars
Fraticelli, Raphaël. "Jet dans un écoulement transverse à faible nombre de Reynolds : effet de la masse volumique sur la dynamique et le mélange." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2333.
Full textThis dissertation examines, experimentally, a square jet in a crossflow, in an inertial and mixed convection regime for a Reynolds number of 500 and an injection rate ranging from 0. 17 and 2. 13. The visualization of the flow shows the main vortical structure of the near field. The development of a simultaneous measuring device of velocity (PIV) and concentration (LIF) gives timed-resolved results. Drawing on these results, the topology of the flow and the geometrical magnitudes characteristic of the mixture become evident. The mechanisms at the origin of the destabilization of the upper limit are exposed. The measures of velocity using nearly-time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry allow description of the wake structures. The measurements demonstrate the evolution of upright vortices and of the counter-rotating vortex pair. Links between the mixture and the cinematic field of the flow are established. A very weak variation of the density transforms the flow. The dense jet forms a bulb, the horseshoe vortices are intensified and new vortical structures appear in the wake. The bulb, driven by viscous force and buoyancy, is where mixture occurs. The shear layer generates vortices whose evolution if strongly influenced by the baroclinic term of the vorticity equation. An increase in the injection rate modifies the flow. The mixture in its wake is improved under the influence of the buoyancy of the flow
CARTE, NATHALIE. "La trappe ionique et l'ionisation electrospray : un nouveau potentiel pour la caracterisation des biomolecules. caracterisation de biomolecules presentes en faible quantite par spectrometrie de masse et spectrometrie de masse multiple (ms n)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13081.
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