Academic literature on the topic 'Compact excavator'
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Journal articles on the topic "Compact excavator"
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Chomka, Grzegorz, and Michał Kondaszewski. "Construction project of a long reach compact excavator." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 4, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2020.4.4.341.
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The purpose of thesis was to comprehensively develop the construction project of a long reach compact excavator. Optimal solution was selected and its frames were determined by carrying out classic structural calculations. Then, based on them, a preliminary three-dimensional model was designed in the CAD environment. The prototype was subjected to a series of verification calculations and simulation tests using the finite element method under typical, but also non-standard operating conditions. Then, the structure was optimized and then tested again. Next, technical documentation of the final version was created. In the final part of work, technical and operational parameters of designed compact excavator were summarized and the direction of further actions was determined. The thesis ended with a summary of the observations arose during its implementation.
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Wang, Yun Chao, Wen Jie Pang, and Mei Zhou. "Research on Digging Performance of Backhoe Hydraulic Excavator." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1673.
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Digging performances of excavator is a key important index for evaluation of excavator. It is a very complex and heavy work to compute digging performance of excavator. So a compact hydraulic excavator model was built by ADAMS software. The theoretical maximum tool force of excavator was analyzed. For bucket digging mode, the maximum tool force were analyzed for boom cylinder seven positions during the whole working range and the effect of different factors were discussed. The practical maximum tool force was gained. The actual tool force variations were found through the analysis of simulation results. It provides the basis for design and improvement of excavator.
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Wallace, Kieran Andrew, and Wai Ming Cheung. "Development of a compact excavator mounted dust suppression system." Journal of Cleaner Production 54 (September 2013): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.04.048.
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Shin, Suk-Shin, Jong-Ho Noh, and Jong-Ho Park. "Stress analysis of bucket rotating part of the compact excavator." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 37, no. 2 (March 31, 2013): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2013.37.2.178.
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Zhang, Liangjun, Jinxin Zhao, Pinxin Long, Liyang Wang, Lingfeng Qian, Feixiang Lu, Xibin Song, and Dinesh Manocha. "An autonomous excavator system for material loading tasks." Science Robotics 6, no. 55 (June 30, 2021): eabc3164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.abc3164.
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Excavators are widely used for material handling applications in unstructured environments, including mining and construction. Operating excavators in a real-world environment can be challenging due to extreme conditions—such as rock sliding, ground collapse, or excessive dust—and can result in fatalities and injuries. Here, we present an autonomous excavator system (AES) for material loading tasks. Our system can handle different environments and uses an architecture that combines perception and planning. We fuse multimodal perception sensors, including LiDAR and cameras, along with advanced image enhancement, material and texture classification, and object detection algorithms. We also present hierarchical task and motion planning algorithms that combine learning-based techniques with optimization-based methods and are tightly integrated with the perception modules and the controller modules. We have evaluated AES performance on compact and standard excavators in many complex indoor and outdoor scenarios corresponding to material loading into dump trucks, waste material handling, rock capturing, pile removal, and trenching tasks. We demonstrate that our architecture improves the efficiency and autonomously handles different scenarios. AES has been deployed for real-world operations for long periods and can operate robustly in challenging scenarios. AES achieves 24 hours per intervention, i.e., the system can continuously operate for 24 hours without any human intervention. Moreover, the amount of material handled by AES per hour is closely equivalent to an experienced human operator.
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Kolleth, Horst. "Practical considerations for developing an automatically driven open pit mining machine: Compact bucketwheel excavator." International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 2, no. 1 (January 1988): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09208118808944135.
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Niraula, Abinab, Shuzhong Zhang, Tatiana Minav, and Matti Pietola. "Effect of Zonal Hydraulics on Energy Consumption and Boom Structure of a Micro-Excavator." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082088.
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This paper investigates the effect of extra weight caused by the Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH) in a micro-excavator. These projects are investigating the implementation of zonal or decentralized hydraulics for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) and stationary industrial applications. The benefit of DDH is the combination of electric and hydraulic technologies in a compact package compared to conventional hydraulics, which enables a reduction of potential leakage points, flexible tubing, and boosting of the system efficiency due to switching to direct pump control instead of a loss-generating conventional valve-based control. In order to demonstrate these benefits for the excavator case, this paper proposes a system model approach to assess and predict energy consumption of the zonal hydraulics approach implemented with DDH in various working cycles, complemented by a structural analysis. The finite element analysis utilized for this demonstrated that the extra weight and selected location of DDH units do not negatively affect the structure of the excavator. Simulation results demonstrated that the energy consumption is approximately 15% higher with extra weight added by the three DDH units. Although approximately 20% more regeneration energy is produced, taking into account the regeneration energy, the increases in energy consumption are about 12%.
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Kim, Jun-Sik, Seung-Hyun Lee, and Jae-Won Lee. "The Characteristic of the Hydraulic Control System with Bleed-off Center Type of a Compact Excavator." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 32, no. 2 (February 5, 2008): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2008.32.2.119.
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Luo, You Xin, Yan Geng Li, Heng Shu Li, and Hui Jun Wen. "Research and Development of Multi-Function Excavator Drill with Hydraulic Rotary Cutting and Pneumatic Impacting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.874.
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To solve the existing shortage of cutting drill, a multi-function excavator drill with hydraulic rotary cutting and pneumatic impact was invented on the base of market investigation, which is suitable for different rocks because of combining hydraulic rotary cutting with pneumatic impacting. If working on the soft rock, the new drill will turn off the pneumatic rock drill, replace the drill bit and only operate with the rotary power head, while on the hard rock it will operate efficiently with the rotary power head and the pneumatic rock drill. The new drill has many features, such as compact structure, the capacity of meeting a variety of drilling requirements, wider operating range, lower energy consumption, higher drilling efficiency, comfortable and flexible operation, and lower cost.
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Tiuremnov, I. S., and D. V. Fedorova. "Review of manufacturers'recommendations on technological capabilities of ejectable excavator vibroplates assessment during soil compaction." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 17, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 562–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2020-17-5-562-573.
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Introduction. Add-on compactors for excavators (ACE hereinafter) are replaceable working equipment for excavators. They are used for soil compaction after the backfill of trenches, wells, foundation cavities and other “narrow spaces” of construction, as well as soil compaction at slopes of embankments and excavations.In practical use of ACE, builders face two challenges:to justify the choice of an ACE for soil compaction under given conditions determined by the soil type and moisture, layer thickness, and the required compaction factor; to determine the time required to compact soil with an ACE at a single point positional compaction to ensure the required compaction factor of a given type of soil in a layer of required thickness.The problems above require the information regarding technological capabilities of ACEs in different technological situations of soil compaction. The assessment of such technological capabilities of ACEs, at the same time, should take into account the ongoing transition to a new regulatory framework in Russia in the field of assessment indicators for the results of soil compaction in construction.Materials and methods. ACE technological capabilities review was conducted based on the information provided on the official websites of the largest Russian and foreign ACE manufacturers and suppliers.Conclusion. The analysis of information provided by ACE manufacturers and suppliers showed that most of that information is technical specifications of ACEs and excavators. There is almost no information on technological capabilities of ACEs. At the same time, ACE manufacturers and suppliers use ambiguous terminology (for example, “compaction volume”) in the assessment of technological capabilities.Practical value. Lack of information on technological capabilities of ACEs in various technological situations of soil compaction leads to errors in selection of an ACE model and its operation time during single point positional soil compaction, which increases the risk of under compaction and reduced service life of constructed objects. To solve this problem, the Construction and Road-Building Machinery Department of Yaroslavl State Technical University is developing a methodology for calculating the results of soil compaction with an ACE in different technological situations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compact excavator"
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Matiaško, Dušan. "Modely a simulace pochodů bezemisního mini-exkavátoru s elektrickým pohonem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442805.
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The diploma thesis dealt with a partial problem of conversion of the mini-excavator E19 by Bobcat with an internal combustion engine to emission-free propulsion. The main task was design and construction of electrical and hydraulic circuits focusing on the drive of a mini-excavator. The simulations verified the properties and behavior of the mini-excavator under different conditions and initial settings. The results were comfirmed by experimental measurements. The output of the simulations recommended adjustments to the values of individual parameters depending on the travel speed but also the efficiency of the entire machine.
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Caso, Salazar Mirella Delmira. "Brazo excavador compacto." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1044.
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El presente trabajo está dedicado al análisis de la estructura y de los movimientos que
realizan las máquinas excavadoras, centrándose en el diseño de un Brazo Excavador de
tamaño compacto así como la selección del Sistema Hidráulico y sus componentes.
Estas máquinas son encontradas en el mercado pero la variación que se presenta es que
el Brazo Excavador diseñado puede ubicarse y fijarse sobre cualquier estructura que
pueda soportarlo ya que está habilitado para ello, además que puede desplazársele con
mucha facilidad por su bajo peso.
El método utilizado para el presente diseño es analizar la estructura de forma estática y
de esta manera dimensionar y seleccionar los materiales óptimos tomando siempre en
consideración no sobredimensionarla manteniendo factores de seguridad suficientes
para este tipo de maquinaria que estará sometida a un trabajo exigente y a golpes
durante su función.Tesis
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Busta, Michal. "Analýza namáhání vybraných konstrukčních částí bagru při provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443770.
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This thesis is focused on the issue of computational modeling of soil harvesting while using the compact excavator from the company DOOSAN BOBCAT EMEA s.r.o.. The solution consists in creating two computational models in Rocky DEM and Ansys Mechanical. Rocky DEM software is used to solve the disconnection of soil by excavator components using the discrete element method. The outcome includes courses of forces and moments during the particular time of the individual joints of the model that was used. The obtained courses are then applied as an external load to the joint of a selected structural part of the analyzed model using a kinematic model in ANSYS Mechanical. The kinematic model consists of simplified geometry models of individual parts of the excavator arm, and a more detailed geometry model of the analyzed part of the arm. All the parts are connected to each other by rotational bonds representing joints. A static structural analysis of the mechanical stress is performed in ANSYS Mechanical for the prepared model during the simulated process. Finally, the selected structural part is assessed with respect to the elastic limit and fatigue strength.
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Kuo, Hsin-Yao, and 郭信瑤. "Study of performance management of repair of hydraulic excavator- Case on C Company of 300 series products." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52900423170304208980.
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碩士崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
101
Study of performance management of repair of hydraulic excavator- Case on C Company of 300 series products Student* Hsin –Yao Kuo Advisor** Chin-Chiuan Lin Advisor**Chiang-Jiang Lee *Graduate School of Business Administration, Kun Shan University **Department of Business Administration, Kun Shan University ABSTRACT This study selected due to the aforementioned reasons the United States brand as research subjects, the Company C is the Caterpillar (CAT) agents in Taiwan. C companies operating subject from sales of new products by the business sector on behalf of the company to the U.S. Caterpillar factory order, confirm orders after the original that is to proceed with the design, procurement, manufacturing and export operations, advanced hydraulic excavator through foreign transportation through the customs clearance procedures complete way to enter the domestic transport arrived in C Company warehouse or directly served customers plant ready to start the installation and a series of test operations, this point are the new machine. However, regardless of the product because of the long-term operation produces wear, this time on the need for maintenance service operations, according to the current C Company statistics, maintenance services business accounted for revenue of 1/10 of about $ 2 billion, of which on-site maintenance services business accounted for 1/2, which is about $100 million, so how smoothly to reach the on-site maintenance service operations as one of the important key elements. The overall study will be maintenance department at the core of Company C maintenance needs to start from the customer, fill out a quotation for repairs after acknowledge your agreement to handle parts requisitions and work order through the business units, and parts units and service maintenance department application parts units according to the inventory feed or zero materials and parts from the original system items original Order, of course, the zero material strength of rearranging foreign transportation, import customs clearance, domestic transportation process as needed, and this The whole process can be analyzed order quantity, reaction time, the inventory level data to assess maintenance performance related support. Keyword： Construction equipment, Hydraulic excavators, Service management, Lean production
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WANG, TSUNG TIEN, and 王聰田. "A Study of DCP Test Applied To Monitor the Compact Degree of Trench Backfill in Excavation Roadways." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23554976962313452416.
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碩士義守大學
材料科學與工程學系
92
Abstract Works such as excavations, maintenances, and removes on the roadways are frequently seen in Taiwan. The roadways become uneven, cracking and rutting on surface due to the insufficient compaction of backfill after the roadways are excavated. It also affects the flatness of roadways seriously. In this study, DCP(Dynamic Cone Penetrometer) is applied to monitor the compactness of backfill, which is different from Sand Cone Method in monitoring compactness of soil. The applicability of gradation of backfill is also observed. Moreover, method developed could provide a quick and convenient checking on the backfill of trench in the future. Results show that DCP values obtained after backfill are very different from compactness. It is found that the differences are little at upper layer and become more at lower layer. This indicates that backfill is not compacted layer by layer by contractor. Since the compactness would affect bearing capacity and performance of backfill, it is suggested that the backfill should be compacted layer by layer and settlement in pavement could be improved. Further, since DCP could check on the compactness of backfill promptly and accurately, it is proposed that DCP should be considered to apply in checking the backfill work before acceptance.
Books on the topic "Compact excavator"
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1947-, Hekkanen Ernest, ed. The Flat Earth Excavation Company: A surreal fiction anthology. Nelson, B.C: New Orphic Publishers, 2002.
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Hekkanen, Ernest. The Flat Earth Excavation Company: A Surreal Fiction Anthology. New Orphic Publishers, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Compact excavator"
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Wang, Chaoyi, Tong Qiu, Ming Xiao, and Jintai Wang. "Utility Trench Backfill Compaction Using Vibratory Plate Compactor Versus Excavator-Mounted Hydraulic Plate Compactor." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 285–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2349-6_17.
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Bradley, Richard. "Houses into Tombs." In The Idea of Order. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199608096.003.0010.
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At the French site of Aillevans, not far from the border with Switzerland, there is a group of megalithic tombs (Pétrequin and Pinigre 1976). At first sight, these monuments conform to a wider tradition which is best represented at Sion on the Swiss side of the frontier, and at Aosta in Italy. In each case they feature massive stone cists associated with unburnt human bones (Mezzena 1998). These structures were sometimes located at one end of a low rubble platform or cairn, which could be either triangular or trapezoidal in plan. At Aosta and Sion they incorporated the remains of a series of anthropomorphic sculptures and, for that reason, the excavated evidence has played an important role in studies of statue menhirs. Dolmen 1 at Aillevans is equally remarkable but, in this case, the results of excavation have not attracted the attention they deserve (Pétrequin and Pinigre 1976: 325–49; Figure 25). In its original form, this structure consisted of a round mound six metres in diameter with a stone chamber and an antechamber. Again, it was associated with a quantity of disarticulated human bones. In a subsequent phase that construction was encased within a much larger trapezoidal cairn, seventeen metres in length. Although the circular monument was no longer a freestanding element, both its chamber and antechamber were retained. This was one of the latest megaliths in Europe, but sequences of this kind can be recognized at older tombs distributed across a much larger area. In its final phase, Dolmen 1 changed its character again. The chambered tomb was enclosed within a large wooden structure which had a similar outline to the cairn. The excavators concluded that it had been a roofed building. The stone chamber was located inside its eastern end, but the antechamber was left uncovered and acted as a kind of porch. Seen from a distance, the monument might have looked like a domestic dwelling. Indeed, Pétrequin and Pinigre (1976) specifically compare it with the well preserved buildings in the waterlogged Late Neolithic settlement at Clairvaux. According to their account, a megalithic tomb at Aillevans was almost completely concealed inside what appeared to be a house.
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Allison, Penelope M. "Casa del Fabbro (I 10,7)." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263127.003.0016.
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Giornale degli Scavi A,VI,6 (May 1912–Mar. 1929): 545 (Apr. 1928). A,VI,7 (Apr. 1929–Dec. 1935): 258–302 (intermittently from 12 Dec. 1932 to 28 Feb. 1933). Elia 1934: 278–308. The main excavations of this house were carried out between December 1932 and February 1933. The standard of excavation recording is perhaps more careful than that in the Casa del Menandro. More precise locations of objects are reported but sometimes with incorrect compass points. Elia has often published inventory numbers which do not concord with those in the Giornale degli Scavi. Dimensions: l.: 170 mm (GdSc). Description: quadrangular lock. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: Relatively large lock, probably for structural door. Possibly one of the locks or possible lock fragments in the Casa del Fabbro Supplement: see cat. nos. 8, 10, 21, 34, and 68. See discussion on locks and keys. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: possibly one of fragments in the Casa del Fabbro Supplement: see cat. nos. 41 and 92. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Dimensions: l.: 150 mm (GdSc). Description: key with six teeth. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: Probably similar type to cat. no. 136. Possibly key in the Casa del Fabbro Supplement: see cat. no. 23. See discussion on locks and keys. Dimensions: small key. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: see discussion on locks and keys. Dimensions: l.: 350 mm (GdSc). Description: with knob. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: possibly one of the door-latch remains in the Casa del Fabbro Supplement: see cat. nos. 16, 34–5, 38, and 63. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: possibly one of door-latch fragments in the Casa del Fabbro Supplement: see cat. nos. 34–5, 38, and 63. Description: studs, sixteen of which have a hole in the centre. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: see discussion on studs. Description: nails and remains of nail heads. Present location: unknown, not inventoried at time of excavation. Discussion: possibly some of nails in the Casa del Fabbro Supplement: see cat. nos. 43–7, 73, 75, and 79.
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Zezzatti, Carlos Alberto Ochoa Ortiz. "Improving Decision-Making in a Business Simulator Using TOPSIS Methodology for the Establishment of Reactive Stratagem." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 12–21. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1877-8.ch002.
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This study combines Fuzzy Logic and multicriteria TOPSIS method for the selection, from three different alternatives, which machines of high productivity is more convenient to a construction company. The evaluation of each alternative is made through group decision making which identifies the most important criteria according to the requirements presented by the company. To assess the selected criteria in the TOPSIS method is weighted by a group of experts who, based on their experience and knowledge of this type of machinery, assess the relevance of these in the operation and functioning of the hydraulic excavator. Both qualitative and quantitative studies are used in this work, however the experts evaluate, through surveys based on Likert scale all the criteria in which they want to measure the perception. Data provided from the surveys is used for the construction and association of the groups of expert's opinion through the use of fuzzy sets to avoid ambiguity problems of the linguistic variables.
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Anthony, Sian. "Questions Raised in Excavating the Recent Dead." In Archaeologists and the Dead. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753537.003.0009.
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The decision to excavate a modern cemetery in the heart of Copenhagen prompted questions which revealed how the sensitive borderlines surrounding the recent dead are dealt with by archaeologists. When the plans for a new metro line were revealed in Copenhagen, the location of one station within a historic cemetery was controversial. Assistens cemetery is an early example of a landscape, or garden, cemetery (Rugg 1998; Tarlow 2000), designed and ordered according to fashionable contemporary garden principles and aesthetics. It has remained a much-loved place where famous personalities are buried as well as many ordinary citizens of Copenhagen. Although burial within the cemetery has become increasingly rare, it is still in occasional use for new interments and for gardens of remembrance for the burial and disposal of ashes. However, in the 1980s changing municipal plans for the cemetery re-designated large sections of it as a park, as described in Helweg and Linnée Nielsen (2010). This change of status enabled the Copenhagen metro company (Metroselskabet) to consider the placement of a station in one corner of the cemetery. Excavation of this site from 2009 to 2011 resulted in the archaeological recording of the material culture of the cemetery including around one thousand burials, their grave-pits, funerary material culture, and some aspects of the working life of the cemetery (Anthony et al. 2016). Assistens cemetery was originally created in 1760 and later expanded in 1805/6. The excavation focused on the north-west corner of the 1805/6 extension, an area surrounding a cemetery administration building (graverbolig). The area was filled by the mid-nineteenth century and continued to be used intensively for the next hundred years. In the latter part of the twentieth century, coffin burial became less frequent but continued until the 1980s. The occasional placement of cremation urns began in the early twentieth century and continued in large numbers into the 1990s (Helweg and Linnée Nielsen 2010). Burial is now uncommon in the entire cemetery and only takes place in special circumstances. In contrast to UK cemetery regulations, Danish law allows for graves to be removed after only twenty years, so there is the possibility of reusing grave plots after this short period by removing the previous coffins.
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Klaus, Haagen D., and Rosabella Alvarez-Calderón. "Escaping Conquest?" In Colonized Bodies, Worlds Transformed. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813060750.003.0004.
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Klaus and Alvarez-Calderón begin to assemble the first regional picture of the consequences of contact and colonialism in Peru’s north coast. With multiple lines of evidence from mortuary archaeology and skeletal markers of health and diet, Klaus and Alvarez-Calderón compare previous work in the Lambayeque town of Mórrope with burials excavated from the ruins of another colonial site at Eten (circa 1535–1750s). They find that the Muchik population of Eten was not only significantly healthier than their neighbors in Mórrope, but they did not develop hybrid mortuary rituals and appear rather Christianized. “Escaping Conquest?” also touches on potential interplays between health, social change, cultural resistance against colonialism, and treatment of the dead, and the diversity of indigenous ethnogenesis in a single Peruvian river valley.
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McNamee, Calla, and Salvatore Vitale. "Langada Revisited." In Death in Late Bronze Age Greece, 214–47. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190926069.003.0011.
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This chapter investigates burial practices and cultural identity at the cemetery of Langada on Kos and discusses the evidence for diachronic changes in the context of Koan Late Bronze Age society. More specifically, through an in-depth study of excavation data, this contribution reconsiders three significant aspects of the Langada burial arena. The first one concerns tomb type, size, shape, and spatial distribution. The second and the third aspects concern, respectively, evidence for tomb reuse and mortuary treatments. The analysis of these features is used to compare burial practices, characterize societal structure, and better understand cultural developments. The results of this research imply that the gradual formation of a Mycenaean identity on Kos was the outcome of a long-term process of integration between Greek mainland and local funerary traditions, which came to fruition during Late Helladic IIIA2 and Late Helladic IIIB. During these phases, Mycenaean identity functioned to bind a well-organized Koan society. In the successive Late Helladic IIIC period, on the other hand, the identification of greater variability in material evidence and burial practices suggests that, while Mycenaean culture remained important, Koan society had a more fluid character and a looser structure.
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Bradley, Richard. "From Centre to Circumference." In The Idea of Order. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199608096.003.0018.
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This book began with one site in Ireland and closes with another. The Loughcrew Hills in County Meath include at least twenty-five megalithic tombs, located on three summits along a prominent ridge. Many of them were investigated in the nineteenth century when Neolithic artefacts were found there. More recent work has been less extensive but features an analysis of the carved decoration inside these monuments, for the Loughcrew complex is one of the main concentrations of megalithic art in Europe (Shee Twohig 1981: 205–20). Early excavation in the westernmost group of monuments had an unexpected result, for Cairn H contained a remarkable collection of artefacts which must have been deposited three thousand years after the tomb was built. They included bronze and iron rings, glass beads, and over four thousand bone flakes (Conwell 1873). A new excavation took place in 1943, but its results only added to the confusion and, perhaps for that reason, they were not published for more than six decades (Raftery 2009). They seemed to show that the artefacts, which obviously date from the Iron Age, were directly associated with the construction of the monument; today it seems more likely that they were a secondary deposit. When they were introduced to the site, the tomb may have been rebuilt. One reason why the bone flakes attracted so much attention is that a small number of them—about a hundred and fifty in all— were decorated in the same style as Iron Age metalwork. Most of the patterns are curvilinear and show the special emphasis on circles and arcs that characterize ‘Celtic’ art (Raftery 1984: 251–63). This discovery illustrates a problem in Irish archaeology. A few stone tombs in other regions were decorated in a style that has been identified as either Neolithic or Iron Age (Shee Twohig 1981: 235–6), but in the case of the flakes from Loughcrew there is no such ambiguity. Not only do the incised patterns compare closely with those on metalwork, the decorated artefacts were associated with beads and rings dating to the end of the first millennium BC. Even so, two problems remain.
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Swyngedouw, Erik. "The Water Mandarins: The Contradictions of Urban Water Provision." In Social Power and the Urbanization of Water. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233916.003.0018.
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Billions of litres of water flow through the centre of Guayaquil each day, as the Rivers Daule and Babahoyo converge to form the River Guayas. Given this fact, it is perplexing to find that 35% of the inhabitants of the city do not have access to adequate and reliable water supplies and the whole city suffers from chronic absolute water shortages. In this and the next chapter, we shall explore the contradictions of urban water provision, which result in a sizeable part of the urban population, invariably the poorer end of the social spectrum, not having access to piped potable water. This situation, in turn, makes them easy victims of water speculators, the private water sellers that distribute water in non-serviced areas by means of tankers. In Guayaquil, approximately 400 tankers service a population of half a million people, or approximately 35% of the total urban population. These water-merchants buy water at a highly subsidized price (70 sucres/m3),while they sell it for up to 6,500 sucres/m3 (November 1993), a price of up to 300 times higher than that paid by low-volume consumers who receive water from the water company. We will also explore the strategies and structure of the water company, infrastructure and investment planning, price mechanisms and control structures in the light of these exclusionary and disempowering mechanisms of the existing water system. In short, we shall explore the contradictory dynamics of the ‘Water Mandarins’. The complex networks of those that hold control over the water tap, water infrastructure, and water distribution will be excavated in order to unearth the relations of power that infuse and eventually organize the intermittent flow of water in Guayaquil. Of course, analysing the changing dynamics of water supply in Guayaquil is like trying to hit a moving target. The field research for this book was completed in 1998. Since then, the public water company has awarded a concession to International Water Services, a Dutch-based subsidiary of Bechtel and Edison Spa, to operate, administer, and expand Guayaquil’s water and sewage services and infrastructure (see below).
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Hingley, Richard. "‘A colony so fertile’." In The Recovery of Roman Britain 1586-1906. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199237029.003.0008.
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In A Specimen of a History of Oxfordshire, the Reverend Thomas Warton reflected on the significance of the Roman pavement at Stonesfield (Oxfordshire) and explored the two main themes which structure chapters three and four: he writes of Roman settlers who migrated with their families to Britain but suggests that wealthy and well-connected Britons might have built villas like the example uncovered at Stonesfield. From the late seventeenth century to the beginning of the twentieth, the debate about the nature of society in Roman Britain drew upon these contrasting images to explain the character of the Roman occupation of southern Britain. Certain writings of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries had developed the idea of the passing on of civility from the Romans to the British, which could be used as a source of patriotic reflection. There was less confidence in this idea during the eighteenth century, when influential works on the Walls and the northern stations promoted a primarily military interpretation of Roman sites in the south. In the introduction to his volume of 1793, Roy presented a thoughtful assessment of contemporary understanding of Roman Britain and emphasized its military nature. Following earlier examples, he divided the monuments of the Roman empire into two types: the public buildings—the temples, amphitheatres, and baths well known to British gentlemen from their visits to Italy—and the military sites. Roy emphasized that, with regard to military remains of Britain ‘perhaps no quarter of their vast empire, not even Italy itself, furnishes so great a variety; and many of them exceedingly perfect’. By contrast, in reflecting on public buildings, he states that ‘Britain affords very few vestiges of any consequence’. Indeed, it is true that, by the late eighteenth century, there was very little published evidence for public buildings to compare with the extensive evidence for the military sites of southern Scotland and northern England. Roy argued, ‘neither is it probable that the Romans ever executed many of those costly edifices in this island’. At the time Roy was writing (c.1773), little excavated evidence had been found for public buildings or ornate architecture anywhere in Britain.
Conference papers on the topic "Compact excavator"
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Yang, Yajue, Liangjun Zhang, Xinjing Cheng, Jia Pan, and Ruigang Yang. "Compact Reachability Map for Excavator Motion Planning." In 2019 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros40897.2019.8968050.
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Christianson, Rollin, Eric Hamkins, Thomas Sagaser, and Gerald Duppong. "Performance Optimization of Compact Excavator with Open-Center Hydraulic Circuit." In 1997 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972769.
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Christianson, Rollin, Eric Hamkins, Thomas Sagaser, and Dan Krieger. "Performance Optimization of Compact Excavator with Closed-Center Hydraulic Circuit." In 1997 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/972771.
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Borghi, M., M. Milani, F. Paltrinieri, and B. Zardin. "Studying the Efficiency of a Compact Excavator Primary Workgroup Hydraulic Control System." In 2005 SAE Commercial Vehicle Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3618.
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Hießl, Arnold, and Rudolf Scheidl. "Methodical Loss Reduction in Load Sensing Systems Based on Measurements." In BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1771.
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Energy efficiency improvements are forced by steadily increasing general performance and cost saving requirements, and for mobile machines mostly by stricter governmental emission laws. Such improvements can be realized by new system architectures, like hybrids or energy recovery systems, but also by optimizing existing systems. This publication discusses the reduction of systematic losses for an existing hydraulic Load Sensing System (LSS) used in mobile working machines, especially in compact excavators. Energy losses in a LSS are proportional to the pressure difference between pump and actuator in each section. These systematic losses are investigated and can be reduced by actuator adaptation or by splitting non-correlating sections. Energy losses along the hydraulic circuit, such as pump losses hydraulic line losses and actuator losses, which are affected by these adaptations indirectly, are neglected. The investigations are founded on measurements of a 5 ton compact excavator and their systematic evaluation. The actuator adaptation can be realised by changing the excavator’s geometry and/or hydraulic specifications (cylinder areas, displacement volume). The focus of this paper is limited to the hydraulic domain. Mathematical models and operation scenarios verified by measurements were taken as the basis to find optimum system parameter configurations by mathematical optimization, employing evolutionary algorithm. This included also different groupings of LSS circuits. Boom, stick, bucket and swing were taken into account and results are shown for a one, two and three pump LSS. Considering the introduced methods an effective way for reducing systematic losses up to 40% is shown in this exemplary case.
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Busquets, Enrique, and Monika Ivantysynova. "A Robust Multi-Input Multi-Output Control Strategy for the Secondary Controlled Hydraulic Hybrid Swing of a Compact Excavator With Variable Accumulator Pressure." In ASME/BATH 2014 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2014-7859.
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Over the last decade, a number of hybrid architectures have been proposed with the main goal of minimizing energy consumption of excavator swing drives. One of the most notorious architectures is the secondary controlled hydraulic swing drive. One of the advantages of this system is that, through the installation of a hydraulic accumulator, energy which otherwise would be wasted can be stored and reutilized on demand. However, the fact that the hydraulic motor in this architecture operates under a constant high pressure at all times diminishes the overall system efficiency significantly. Therefore, to investigate machine power management strategies, it is imperative to formulate a controller that overcomes this weakness. In this paper, a robust multi-input multi-output controller is synthesized for the control of the hybrid swing velocity and for first time the control of the accumulator state of charge. The simplified plant is tested using a high fidelity nonlinear model developed in the Simulink-Matlab environment. The proposed controller is then tested and compared against a PI controller using the optimal accumulator pressure obtained from dynamic programming and the desired cab velocity. Results show satisfactory tracking of the swing drive velocity and pressure. In addition, a study of the nominal stability, robust stability and robust performance of the controlled system reveals the advantages of the H∞ controller.
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Fellingham, Lorimar, Andrew Graham, and Steven Stiff. "Characterisation and Remediation of Beryllium Waste Pits in the Southern Storage Area at Harwell." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4861.
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The Southern Storage Area at UKAEA’s Harwell site was used from the late 1940’s through until the late 1980’s for the storage, packaging and disposal of various radioactive and chemical wastes. These included beryllium-contaminated wastes arising primarily from the decommissioning of redundant beryllium fabrication facilities. The latter were buried in five unlined, shallow trenches, each being ∼40–50 m long by 6 m wide and 3–4 m deep. An environmental assessment identified three feasible options for the future of these “Beryllium” Pits. These were full excavation with removal of their contents and surroundings, capping and long-term care and maintenance. These options were studied more extensively to select the best practicable environmental option (BPEO), which was excavation. This paper describes in detail the characterisation and remediation approaches used in identifying, planning and successfully implementing that option. It also compares the actual waste arisings in nature, form and quantities with the expectations from the characterisation investigations. At the project commencement limited information existed from records and past trial pitting on the form and contents of the pits. Thus much more extensive characterisation was necessary to determine their dimensions, identify waste types, volumes and disposal routes and quantify potential hazards for any excavations. The characterisation programme involved planning, setting up a site infrastructure, site clearance, non-intrusive surveying and intrusive characterisation by coring. The pit areas and their immediate surroundings were monitored for radiological contamination, followed by geophysical surveys using magnetometry and ground penetrating radar. Primary and secondary containment systems were then constructed over the pits before coring, sampling and analysis on a predefined grid. There was significant beryllium contamination in all pits with some limited contamination by heavy metals, including mercury, and radionuclides. There were also trace levels of volatile organic solvents. These data provided the basis for planning the remediation. The remediation was successfully undertaken to achieve as a minimum a set of remediation targets for residual chemical and radioactive contamination. These targets were determined from site-specific risk assessments, best practice and waste limits. Each pit was remediated within a sealed and ventilated primary containment inside a secondary weatherproof containment building. A horizontal mining approach was adopted to pit excavation with a small excavator initially placed in a launch pit constructed immediately outside the pit. The excavator worked along the pit removing thin layers of waste from an inclined face ahead of it. The waste was placed into bags on trolleys on rails. It was removed via a posting port. After removal of all of the contents and hazardous materials, the containment was removed. Any further excavation required to meet the remediation targets was undertaken in bulk in the open. After verification sampling the remediation was completed by inserting a low permeability barrier of clay and a bentonite geotextile into the base of the pit and backfilling with compacted clean soil. The remediation was completed with successful achievement of all remediation criteria and minimal impacts on the operators, public and environment.
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Ivantysyn, Roman, and Jürgen Weber. "Novel Open Circuit Displacement Control Architecture in Heavy Machinery." In 8th FPNI Ph.D Symposium on Fluid Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpni2014-7806.
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Motivated by the ever-stricter demands by lawmakers to lower emissions of mobile machinery and increasing fuel prices, mobile machinery has gone through a paradigm shift. Fuel efficiency has become a major selling point of machine producers. Even the heavy machinery branch, which is mainly dominated by reliability, productivity and serviceability, has started to feel this change. Hydraulic systems of large scale, as can be found in mining excavators, have typically been based on simplicity and durability. Typical architectures are open-center hydraulic systems, which were designed with robustness and productivity in mind; however they lack competiveness with other hydraulic systems in terms of energy efficiency. Displacement control has shown promising potential especially in multi-actuator machines such as excavators. The technology has so far been demonstrated in closed circuit applications on small-scale machines (below 30 t). Large scale excavators however should in general be more suitable for displacement control due to their relatively small hydraulic component cost compared to the machine and operating cost, larger energy recovery potential due to larger mass movement, more flexibility in space management and greater hydraulic power installed. Large machines feature already several smaller pumps instead of a single large pump, which is important with respect to the fact that displacement control is based on one pump per actuator. A challenge for displacement control on large-scale machinery is handling their high volumetric flow-demands on the system. Today many large excavators feature a float valve, which short-circuits the cylinder chambers and ensures rapid lowering of the attachment under aiding load. Float valves ensure fast cycle times and are essential for high productivity, however incorporating this feature in displacement control is a challenge, especially in closed circuit systems. Open circuit displacement control systems have greater flexibility than closed circuit solutions in working with float-valves and dealing with the high volumetric flows. Additionally the open circuit architecture is ideal for pump-flow-sharing, the strategy to connect two or more pumps with one actuator, which can be practiced when not all actuators move at the same time. This paper compares displacement control in open circuit form with valve-controlled actuation in a mining excavator and shows several fuel saving potentials. The Open Center system was simulated and results were validated with measurements. The proposed open circuit displacement control solutions are implemented virtually and replace the valve-controlled system. Components and system-architecture were carefully chosen in order to ensure reliability, minimal component changes and redundancy that compare to the robustness of today’s system.
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Casoli, Paolo, Luca Riccò, Federico Campanini, Antonio Lettini, and Cesare Dolcin. "Mathematical Model of a Hydraulic Excavator for Fuel Consumption Predictions." In ASME/BATH 2015 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2015-9566.
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This paper presents the multibody mathematical model of a hydraulic excavator, developed in the AMESim® environment, which is able to predict the machinery fuel consumption during the working cycles. The mathematical modelling approach is presented as well as the subsystems models. The experimental activity on the excavator is presented in detail. The excavator fuel consumption was measured according to the JCMAS standard. The working cycles were executed an appropriate number of times in order to minimize the stochastic influence of the operator on the fuel consumption. The results show the mathematical model capability in the machine fuel consumption prediction. The excavator model could be useful either to perform accurate analyses on the energy dissipation in the system, giving the possibility to introduce new system configurations and compare their performance with the standard one, or for the definition of novel system control strategies in order to achieve the fuel consumption reduction target.
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Kerzhner, Aleksandr A., and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "A SysML-Based Language for Modeling System-Level Architecture Selection Decisions." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71005.
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Modern systems are difficult to design because of a need to satisfy many different stakeholder concerns from a number of domains, which require a large amount of expert knowledge. Current systems engineering practices try to simplify the design process by providing practical approaches to manage the large amount of knowledge and information needed during the process. Although these methods make designing a system more practical, they do not support a structured decision making process, especially at early stages when designers are selecting the appropriate system architecture, and instead rely on designers using ad hoc frameworks that are often self-contradictory, i.e., they can lead to alternative orderings where alternative A is better than alternative B is better than alternative C which is then better than alternative A. In order to support a more rational design making process, designers need to explicitly model the architecture selection decision and related knowledge. Then computational tools can be applied to guide the decision making. As a first step toward this more comprehensive modeling approach, in this paper a language is presented for modeling system-level architecture decisions by capturing the relevant domain-specific knowledge. This language is based on the principles of decision-based design and decision theory, where decisions are made by picking the alternative, which results in the most preferred expected outcomes. Therefore, the language is designed to capture potential alternatives in a compact form, analysis knowledge used to predict the quality of a particular alternative, and evaluation criteria to differentiate between outcomes. This language is based on the Object Management Group’s System Modeling Language (SysML). Where possible, existing SysML constructs are used and when additional constructs are needed SysML’s profile mechanism is used to extend the language. The value of the language is demonstrated by using it to represent a simple architecture selection decision of the actuation subsystem of a hydraulic excavator. Since this language models the architecture decision in a form that is computer interpretable, model transformations can be used to generate relevant analyses that can guide the decision maker during the design process.
Reports on the topic "Compact excavator"
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Landscape construction laborer compressed between compact excavator and steel beam at residential site - Massachusetts. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface18ma001.
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Owner of excavating company dies when excavator overturns into water/mud of gravel pit. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface05mi024.
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Excavation company owner dies after bulldozer slips over the side of a flat bed trailer. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface92mn018.
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