Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compact Discs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Compact Discs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Compact Discs"

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Stinson, Douglas G. "Compact Discs." Optics and Photonics News 8, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.8.11.000036.

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Heider, Don. "Compact Discs." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 58, no. 2 (June 2003): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769580305800207.

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Gulledge, James L. "COMPACT DISCS REVIEW." Bioacoustics 4, no. 4 (January 1993): 313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09524622.1993.10510442.

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Bell, Alan E. "Next-Generation Compact Discs." Scientific American 275, no. 1 (July 1996): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0796-42.

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Sakmar, Thomas P. "Restoration of compact discs." Nature Genetics 25, no. 3 (July 2000): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/76976.

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Martin, James. "The Unusual Degradation of Recordable Compact Discs." Microscopy Today 8, no. 4 (May 2000): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500063410.

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The recordable compact disc (CDR) is a popular and inexpensive medium for storing and disseminating digital information, such as micrographs and scanned images. This technical note describes unusual degradation that rendered a group of discs unreadable. The discs were purchased as a set. Each disc was packaged in a jewel box and wrapped in clear plastic. Several of the discs were used within weeks of purchase to store data, which included digital micrographs.
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Sauer, Matthias. "Compact Discs Featuring Theremin's Instruments." Leonardo Music Journal 6 (1996): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513318.

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Cohen, Norm. "Folk Music on Compact Discs." Journal of American Folklore 102, no. 404 (April 1989): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/540682.

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Chiang, Lichun, and Ching-Yuan Huang. "Use of Pirated Compact Discs on Four College Campuses: A Perspective from Theory of Planned Behavior." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.361-364.

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The Theory of Planned Behavior was chosen as the framework, assuming that college students are rational decision makers seeking to maximize economic gains in purchasing compact discs. A questionnaire was given to 450 students from four college campuses in the Kaohsiung area of Taiwan. Analyses showed that the more positively rated the Behavioral Intention toward purchasing pirated music compact discs, the more likely the college students were to purchase them. Conversely, when Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioral Control were higher, college students were less likely to make a purchase. Therefore, buying pirated compact discs was consistent with the premises for Attitude, Subjective Norms, and Behavioral Control.
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Pressyanov, D., J. Buysse, A. Van Deynse, A. Poffijn, and G. Meesen. "Indoor radon detected by compact discs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 457, no. 3 (January 2001): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00794-4.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compact Discs"

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Rydyger, Kay. "Digital watermarking for compact discs and their effect on the error correction system." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1653.

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A new technique, based on current compact disc technology, to image the transparent surface of a compact disc, or additionally the reflective information layer, has been designed, implemented and evaluated. This technique (image capture technique) has been tested and successfully applied to the detection of mechanically introduced compact disc watermarks and biometrical information with a resolution of 1.6um x l4um. Software has been written which, when used with the image capture technique, recognises a compact disc based on its error distribution. The software detects digital watermarks which cause either laser signal distortions or decoding error events. Watermarks serve as secure media identifiers. The complete channel coding of a Compact Disc Audio system including EFM modulation, error-correction and interleaving have been implemented in software. The performance of the error correction system of the compact disc has been assessed using this simulation model. An embedded data channel holding watermark data has been investigated. The covert channel is implemented by means of the error-correction ability of the Compact Disc system and was realised by aforementioned techniques like engraving the reflective layer or the polysubstrate layer. Computer simulations show that watermarking schemes, composed of regularly distributed single errors, impose a minimum effect on the error correction system. Error rates increase by a factor of ten if regular single-symbol errors per frame are introduced - all other patterns further increase the overall error rates. Results show that background signal noise has to be reduced by a factor of 60% to account for the additional burden of this optimal watermark pattern. Two decoding strategies, usually employed in modern CD decoders, have been examined. Simulations take emulated bursty background noise as it appears in user-handled discs into account. Variations in output error rates, depending on the decoder and the type of background noise became apparant. At low error rates {r < 0.003) the output symbol error rate for a bursty background differs by 20% depending on the decoder. Differences between a typical burst error distribution caused by user-handling and a non-burst error distribution has been found to be approximately 1% with the higher performing decoder. Simulation results show that the drop of the error-correction rates due to the presence of a watermark pattern quantitatively depends on the characteristic type of the background noise. A four times smaller change to the overall error rate was observed when adding a regular watermark pattern to a characteristic background noise, as caused by user-handling, compared to a non-bursty background.
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Wu, Wai-han Heidi. "The control of pirated compact discs products in Hong Kong does penalization of consumers work? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31979154.

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Wu, Wai-han Heidi, and 胡慧嫻. "The control of pirated compact discs products in Hong Kong: does penalization of consumers work?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979154.

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Nowak, Raphael. "The Digital Age of the Sound Environment: An Investigation of Everyday Interactions Between Listeners and Music." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367580.

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This thesis presents a sociological investigation of the everyday relationship between Generation Y individuals and music through the mobilization of music technologies. First, it aims to reinscribe the digital age of music reception within a historical, cultural and material context, in order to provide an understanding of the multiple uses of music technologies (vinyl discs, CDs, magnetic cassette tapes, MP3 files). Rather than constituting a ‘revolution’, the digital age of music technologies is characterized by the coexistence of various artefacts. In looking at how recorded music has evolved from the advent of the phonograph to the latest digital technologies, I argue that the contemporary state of music can’t be separated from previous eras. Hence the evolution of music technologies, coupled with economic, demographic and cultural variables, points towards an increasing multiplication and fragmentation of music audiences. In this account of contemporary listening practices, I focus on Generation Y individuals (those born between the late 1970s and the early 1990s) who have been exposed to different music technologies throughout their lives. Born at the time of the magnetic cassette tapes and during the golden age of the CD, Generation Y listeners were also introduced to digital music files (MP3s) at a young age, and were among the first to illegally download music from the internet. Their uses of music technologies are differentiated by how they reflexively need music. Their practices correspond to a ‘circuit of practices’ (Maggauda 2011) between different music technologies that are utilized by listeners, and that help them create and manage different listening practices in their everyday lives. A key argument in this thesis is that the successive music technologies do not replace, but rather complement one another. Thus, in focusing on their characteristics, or ‘affordances’ (Gibson 1979; Hutchby 2001a; Bloomfield, Latham and Vurdubakis 2010), it is clear that mobilizing different music technologies enables listeners to create and manage an everyday ‘sound environment’ (Martin 1995). In fact, the ‘affordances’ of music technologies are contextualized within ‘pragmatic interactions’ (Dant 2008). Thus the meaning of music is contingent on the situation of the music listening practice. The sound environment is defined by a number of variables (place, time, music technology, music content, listener’s state of mind and so on) that interact within the timeframe of everyday life.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Arts, Education and Law
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El, Mellah Ileyk. "Wind accretion onto compact objects." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC120/document.

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L’émission X associée à l’accrétion sur un objet compact présenter une important variabilit photométrique et spectroscopique. Quand l’accréteur est en orbite autour d’une étoile Supergéante, il capture une fraction du vent stellaire supersonique qui forme des chocs dans son voisinage. L’amplitude et la stabilité de cette focalisation gravitationnelle conditionnent le taux d’accrétion de masse responsable, in fine, de la luminosité X des Binaires X Supergéantes (SgXB). La capacité de ce flot à faible moment angulaire à former un disque susceptible de présenter des instabilités est en jeu.Grâce à des setups numériques sophistiqués, nous caractérisons la structure du flot de Bondi- Hoyle-Lyttleton sur un objet compact, depuis le choc jusqu’au voisinage de l’accréteur, typiquement 5 ordres de grandeur plus petit. L’évolution du choc détaché qui se forme autour de l’accréteur (structure transverse, angle d’ouverture, stabilité, profil de température) avec le nombre de Mach est détaillé. La fiabilité de ces simulations basées sur le code hautes performances MPI-AMRVAC est étayée par la topologie de la surface sonique, en accord avec le attentes théoriques.Nous développons un modèle synthétique de transfert de masse dans les SgXB qui couple le lancement du vent, les paramètres stellaires, l’évolution orbital du flot et l’accrétion. Nous montrons que la forme du flot est entièrement détermimée par les facteur de remplissage et d’Eddington, le rapport de masse et le multiplieur de force alpha. Avec les paramètres d’échelle, nous pouvons en déduire, eg, la luminosité X, le processus d’accrétion et le cisaillement du flot
X-ray emission associated to accretion onto compact objects displays important levels of photometric and spectroscopic time-variability. When the accretor orbits a Supergiant star, it captures a fraction of the supersonic radiatively-driven wind which forms shocks in its vicinity. The amplitude and stability of this gravitational beaming of the flow conditions the mass accretion rate responsible, in fine, for the X-ray luminosity of those Supergiant X-ray Binaries (SgXB). The capacity of this low angular momentum inflow to form a disc susceptible to be the stage of instabilities remains at stake.Using state-of-the-art numerical setups, we characterize the structure of a Bondi-Hoyle- Lyttleton flow onto a compact object, from the shock down to the vicinity of the accretor, typically five orders of magnitude smaller. The evolution of the bow shock which forms around the accretor (transverse structure, opening angle, stability, temperature profile...) with the Mach number of the flow is detailed. The robustness of those simulations based on the High Performance Computing MPI-AMRVAC code is supported by the topology of the inner sonic surface, consistent with theoretical expectations.We develop a synthetic model of mass transfer in SgXB which couples the launching of the wind the stellar parameters, the orbital evolution of the streamlines and the accretion process. We show that the shape of the permanent flow is entirely determined by the filling and Eddington factor, the mass ratio and the alpha force multiplier. Provided scales are known, we can trace back, eg, the X-ray luminosity, the accretion mechanism (stream or wind-dominated) and the shearing of the inflow
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Silverberg, Jon P. "On Lagrangian meshless methods in free-surface flows." Thesis, (1.7 MB), 2005. http://edocs.nps.edu/AR/topic/theses/2005/Jan/05Jan_Silverberg.pdf.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Ocean Engineering)--University of California at Berkeley, 2004.
"January 2005." Description based on title screen as viewed on May 25, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Fluid Dynamics, Lagrangian Functions, Equations Of Motion, Acceleration, Formulations, Grids, Continuum Mechanics, Gaussian Quadrature, Derivatives (Mathematics), Compact Disks, Boundary Value Problems, Polynomials, Interpolation, Pressure, Operators (Mathematics). DTIC Identifier(s): Multimedia (CD-Rom), Moving Grids, Meshless Discretization, Lifs (Lagrange Implicit Fraction Step), Lagrangian Dynamics, Meshless Operators, Mlip (Multidimensional Lagrange Interpolating Polynomials), Flux Boundary Conditions, Radial Basis Functions Includes bibliographical references (58-59).
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Bazarsky, Jason. "The effect of illegal music downloading and iTunes Store on CD collection size." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1569.

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Kelly, Caleb, and n/a. "Cracked and Broken Media in 20th and 21st Century Music and Sound." University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070601.135617.

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From the mid 20th century into the 21st, artists and musicians manipulated, cracked and broke audio media technologies to produce novel, unique and indeterminate sounds and performances. Artists such as John Cage, Nam June Paik, Milian Kn��k, Christian Marclay, Yasunao Tone, Oval and Otomo Yoshihide pulled apart the technologies of music playback, both the playback devices � phonographs and CD players � and the recorded media � vinyl records and Compact Discs. Based in the sound expansion of the 20th century musical avant garde, this practice connects the interdisciplinary Fluxus movement with late 20th century sound art and experimental electronic music. Cracked and broken media techniques play a significant role in 20th century music and sound, and continue to be productive into the 21st. The primary contribution of this thesis is to provide a novel and detailed historical account of these practices. In addition it considers theoretical approaches to this work. After considering approaches through critiques of recording media, and concepts of noise, this thesis proposes novel theorisations focusing on materiality and the everyday. Ultimately it proposes that these practices can be read as precursors to contemporary new media, as music and sound art cracked open the fixed structures of �old media� technologies for their own creative purposes.
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Haggerty, Patrick J. "Exploring the future of compact disc-interactive /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11374.

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Wang, Zhongxiang 1968. "Multiwavelength studies of accretion disks around compact objects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28648.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-149).
(cont.) to the XPS in SNR RCW 103. The multiple IR band measurements of 1E 1048.1-5937 provide marginal evidence for spectral flattening, and cannot rule out an accretion disk scenario for AXPs.
In this thesis, I present multiwavelength studies of phenomena related to accretion disks around compact objects. The observations were made mainly with ground-based telescopes and the Hubble Space Telescope. I observed several known and candidate ultracompact low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and found that their optical spectra all show a lack of hydrogen emission lines, supporting the theoretical prediction that mass donors in ultracompact LMXBs must be H-depleted. Time-resolved photometry of the candidate source 4U 1543-624 revealed an 18 minute orbital periodicity, verifying the ultracompact nature of this binary. These studies strongly support the identification of several candidate systems with similar X-ray spectral features as ultracompact binaries. In the ultracompact binary 4U 1820-30, which has the shortest orbital period (685 s) among the known LMXBs, I discovered a 692-s periodicity from its far-ultraviolet (FUV) time series data. I interpret this longer-period FUV signal as a superhump oscillation, arising from a tidal resonance in the accretion disk of an extreme-mass-ratio binary. I also present multiband imaging of the fields surrounding five newly discovered X-ray millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in an effort to identify and study their optical/IR counterparts. For the MSP SAX J1808.4-3658, the optical light curve taken during its 1998 X-ray outburst shows an exponential decay in intensity, roughly following the X-ray light curve early in the outburst. An optical counterpart of XTE J1814-338 was also detected. Finally, optical/IR observations of anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) and X-ray point sources (XPSs) in young supernova remnants (SNRs) identified the IR counterpart to the AXP 1E 1048.1-5937 and a likely IR counterpart
by Zhongxiang Wang.
Ph.D.
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Books on the topic "Compact Discs"

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2000, Projection, ed. Compact discs. London: Projection 2000, 1987.

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Schetina, Erik S. The compact disc. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Nakajima, Heitaro. Compact disc technology. Tokyo, Japan: Ohmsha, 1992.

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Hiroshi, Ogawa, ed. Compact disc technology. Tokyo, Japan: Ohmsha, 1992.

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Brewer, Bryan. The compact disc book: A complete guide to the digital sound of the future. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987.

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Williams, Gene B. All thumbs guide to compact disc players. Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Books, 1993.

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The compact disc handbook. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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Hampton, Dale. Elvis for CD fans only: The Elvis Presley U.S. compact disc reference and price guide. 2nd ed. [S.l.]: D. Hampton ; Sarasota, Fla., 1998.

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Hampton, Dale. Elvis for CD fans only: The Elvis Presley U.S. compact disc reference & price guide. [United States]: RuJak Publication, 1993.

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Robert, Layton, Greenfield Edward, and Chaikowsky Paul, eds. The Penguin guide to compact discs. 2nd ed. London, England: Penguin Books, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Compact Discs"

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Klement, Erich Peter, Peter Bauer, Ulrich Bodenhofer, Markus Mittendorfer-Holzer, Robert Pollak, Roland Richter, and Herbert Exner. "PapaGeno – vollautomatische menschenähnliche Qualitätskontrolle für Aufdrucke auf Compact Discs." In 50 Jahre Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, 265–82. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205205890-017.

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Fernique, Thomas, Amir Hashemi, and Olga Sizova. "Compact Packings of the Plane with Three Sizes of Discs." In Discrete Geometry for Computer Imagery, 420–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14085-4_33.

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Moreno, Miguel A., Omar Rojas, Elias Olivares-Benitez, Samuel Nucamendi-Guillén, and Hector Roberto Garcia de Alba Valenzuela. "Production Planning for a Company in the Industry of Compact Discs Mass Replications." In Management and Industrial Engineering, 497–516. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56871-3_24.

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Wegert, Elias, Georgi Khimchiachvili, and Ilya Spikovsky. "On Totally Real Non-Compact Manifolds Globally Foliated by Analytic Discs." In Partial Differential and Integral Equations, 107–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-3276-3_7.

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Volmar, Axel, and Dominik Schrey. "Compact Disc." In Handbuch Sound, 324–28. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05421-0_59.

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Watson, John. "Compact-Disc Systems." In Mastering Electronics, 363–69. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14210-1_33.

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Watson, John. "Compact disc systems." In Mastering Electronics, 390–97. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11911-0_25.

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Hughes, Ron. "Using Compact Floppy Disks." In Word Processing with Amstrad, 8–55. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09082-2_2.

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Eargle, John M. "The Compact Disc (CD)." In Handbook of Recording Engineering, 461–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9919-3_34.

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Eargle, John. "The Compact Disc (CD)." In Handbook of Recording Engineering, 448–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1129-5_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Compact Discs"

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Georgiev, Strahil B., Ivelina S. Dimitrova, Dobromir S. Pressyanov, and Krasimir K. Mitev. "Retrospective Rn-220 measurements by compact discs." In 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2012 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551102.

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JONES, SP. "COMPACT DISCS FOR THE ROBIN HOOD CENTRE." In Reproduced Sound 1988. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/21894.

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Mayer, M., and J. E. Pringle. "Flickering in Black Hole Accretion discs." In THE MULTICOLORED LANDSCAPE OF COMPACT OBJECTS AND THEIR EXPLOSIVE ORIGINS. American Institute of Physics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2774939.

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Ogilvie, Gordon I., Bárbara T. Ferreira, and Magnus Axelsson. "Warped and eccentric discs around black holes." In COOL DISCS, HOT FLOWS: The Varying Faces of Accreting Compact Objects. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3002495.

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Chou, Sheng-Yu, Wen-Yi Meng, Kuo-Chi Chiu, Chih-Ming Lin, Yung-Sung Lan, Nai-Jen Cheng, and Jenq-Nan Yih. "Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on compact discs." In 2009 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and Engineering (NANOMED). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nanomed.2009.5559081.

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JONES, SP. "COMPACT DISCS FOR THE ROBIN HOOD CENTRE II." In Reproduced Sound 1989. Institute of Acoustics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/21670.

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Ferreira, Bárbara T., Gordon I. Ogilvie, and Magnus Axelsson. "Excitation of trapped oscillations in discs around black holes." In COOL DISCS, HOT FLOWS: The Varying Faces of Accreting Compact Objects. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3002492.

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Pencheva, Tamara, Berkant Gyoch, and Petko Mashkov. "Optical measurements upon compact discs in education in optoelectronics." In 2010 33rd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2010.5547333.

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Sheeja, M. K. "A novel technique for data protection in compact discs." In 2008 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2008.4781650.

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Warner, Brian, Patrick A. Woudt, and Magnus Axelsson. "QPOs in CVs: An executive summary." In COOL DISCS, HOT FLOWS: The Varying Faces of Accreting Compact Objects. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3002491.

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Reports on the topic "Compact Discs"

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Meyers, H., and A. Hittelman. Definitive data sets require easy access: an experiment in compact disc technology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/193911.

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Powell, J., H. Ludewig, M. Todosow, and M. Reich. NIFTI and DISCOS: New concepts for a compact accelerator neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/432936.

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Li, Jiaqi, PWH Kwong, MYL Chan, and M. Kawabata. Comparison of in vivo intradiscal pressure between sitting and standing in human lumbar spine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0043.

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Review question / Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review is to compare the differences in vivo IDP between sitting and standing postures. The secondary objective of this review is to compare effect size estimates between 1) dated and more recent studies and 2) healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs. Condition being studied: Healthy adults, patients with low back pain. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included in the review if they 1) involved in vivo IDP measurement in both sitting and standing postures, 2) involved measurements with intervertebral body replacement and 3) included spinal loading data of healthy adults. Studies were excluded if they 1) investigated in vitro measurement of IDP, 2) did not report the central tendency and/or variability of the outcome of interest and 3) were letters to the editor, case studies, case series or review articles. For the relevant papers that did not provide sufficient data, we contacted the corresponding author to acquire the data.
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Kwak, Sang Gyu, Yoo Jin Choo, Soyoung Kwak, and Min Cheol Chang. Efficacy of Transforaminal, Interlaminar, and Caudal Epidural Injections in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0091.

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Review question / Objective: Epidural injection (EI) has been used to manage lower back or radicular leg pain from herniation of lumbar disc (HLD). Three types of EI techniques, including transforaminal (TFEI) interlaminar (ILEI), and caudal epidural injections (CEI), are being applied. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effect of TFESI, ILEI, and CEI for reducing pain or improving function in patients with HLD. Condition being studied: For controlling inflammation by the HLD, various oral medications and procedures are used. Among these therapeutic methods, EI of the drugs is frequently used in clinical practice. Its positive HLD-induced pain reducing effect was reported in several previous studies. Three types of techniques, including TFEI, ILEI, and CEI, have been utilized in clinical practice. conflicting outcomes as to which technique is superior were reported in previous studies. So far, some meta-analysis studies for comparing the effects of different EI techniques on HLD were conducted. However, these previous studies conducted comparison between two procedures among TFEI, ILEI, and CEI. In the current study, using network meta-analysis, we synthesize and compare the effects of TFEI, ILEI, and CEI on pain from HLD, together.
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Botros, Geerligs, and Given. L52187 Decompression Response of High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipelines Under Rupture or Blowdown Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010394.

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The Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. found that Scandpower has software that is capable of predicting the transient response of a pipeline segment transporting either conventional or enriched dense phase natural gas mixtures when subjected to a controlled blow down or an uncontrolled rupture event. Consequently PRCI expressed a desire to pursue an experimental work to provide the basis for evaluating the adequacy of the existing software and/or define further development if any. NOVA Research and Technology Corporation (NRTC) was awarded a contract to perform the experimental work and compare results with prediction by the OLGA 2000 software. The existing NPS 2 stainless steel decompression tube test rig at TCPL Gas Dynamic Test Facility (GDTF) in Didsbury, Alberta, Canada, has been expanded specifically for this project. The initial length of 30 meters was extended to 172 meters in order to simulate a longer length to diameter (L/D) ratio. Two sets of tests were conducted: one to simulate pipeline rupture and another to simulate controlled blowdown. Rupture was simulated by a rupture disc located at one end of the tube, while blowdown was affected by a typical blowdown stack and a reduce-bore ball valve. The test scope included three gas mixtures (conventional, medium rich and rich) and three initial pressures: 10, 14 and 20 MPa.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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Environmentally benign manufacturing of compact disc stampers [Final Phase II report]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/770616.

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