Academic literature on the topic 'Compact analytical model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Compact analytical model"
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Paul, Bipul C., Ryan Tu, Shinobu Fujita, Masaki Okajima, Thomas H. Lee, and Yoshio Nishi. "An Analytical Compact Circuit Model for Nanowire FET." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 54, no. 7 (July 2007): 1637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2007.899397.
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Banerjee, Ayan, M. K. Jasim, and Anirudh Pradhan. "Analytical model of dark energy stars." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 10 (January 8, 2020): 2050071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320500716.
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In this paper, we study the structure and stability of compact astrophysical objects which are ruled by the dark energy equation of state (EoS). The existence of dark energy is important for explaining the current accelerated expansion of the universe. Exact solutions to Einstein field equations (EFE) have been found by considering particularized metric potential, Finch and Skea ansatz. 1 The obtained solutions are relevant to the explanation of compact fluid sphere. Further, we have observed at the junction interface that the interior solution is matched with the Schwarzschild’s exterior vacuum solution. Based on that, we have noticed the obtained solutions are well in agreement with the observed maximum mass bound of [Formula: see text], namely, PSR J1416-2230, Vela X-1, 4U 1608-52, Her X-1 and PSR J1903+327, whose predictable masses and radii are not compatible with the standard neutron star models. Also, the stability of the stellar configuration has been discussed briefly, by considering the energy conditions, surface redshift, compactness, mass-radius relation in terms of the state parameter [Formula: see text]. Finally, we demonstrate that the features so obtained are physically acceptable and consistent with the observed/reported data.[Formula: see text] Thus, the present dark energy equation of state appears talented regarding the presence of several exotic astrophysical matters.
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Verma, Yogesh Kumar, Varun Mishra, and Santosh Kumar Gupta. "A Physics-Based Analytical Model for MgZnO/ZnO HEMT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 01 (March 26, 2019): 2050009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500097.
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In this paper, a physics-based compact model is developed for novel MgZnO/ZnO high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT). Poisson’s equation coupled with 1D Schrödinger equation is solved self-consistently in the triangular quantum well to derive an expression of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density with respect to gate voltage at the heterointerface of barrier (MgZnO) and buffer (ZnO) layers. A compact mathematical framework has been devised further for the first time for ZnO-based HEMT to the best of our knowledge using the expression of 2DEG density to compute surface potential, gate charge, gate current, gate capacitance, current–voltage characteristics, output conductance, transconductance and cut-off frequency with respect to gate voltage and along with the drain–source output resistance [Formula: see text].
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Baskey, Lipi, Shyam Das, and Farook Rahaman. "An analytical anisotropic compact stellar model of embedding class I." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 05 (January 20, 2021): 2150028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321500280.
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A class of solutions of Einstein field equations satisfying Karmarkar embedding condition is presented which could describe static, spherical fluid configurations, and could serve as models for compact stars. The fluid under consideration has unequal principal stresses i.e. fluid is locally anisotropic. A certain physically motivated geometry of metric potential has been chosen and codependency of the metric potentials outlines the formation of the model. The exterior spacetime is assumed as described by the exterior Schwarzschild solution. The smooth matching of the interior to the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime metric across the boundary and the condition that radial pressure is zero across the boundary lead us to determine the model parameters. Physical requirements and stability analysis of the model demanded for a physically realistic star are satisfied. The developed model has been investigated graphically by exploring data from some of the known compact objects. The mass-radius (M-R) relationship that shows the maximum mass admissible for observed pulsars for a given surface density has also been investigated. Moreover, the physical profile of the moment of inertia (I) thus obtained from the solutions is confirmed by the Bejger–Haensel concept.
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Pavanello, Marcelo Antonio, Renan Trevisoli, Rodrigo Trevisoli Doria, and Michelly de Souza. "Static and dynamic compact analytical model for junctionless nanowire transistors." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 30, no. 33 (July 25, 2018): 334002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aad34f.
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Naeve, T., M. Hohenbild, and P. Seegebrecht. "A new analytical compact model for two-dimensional finger photodiodes." Solid-State Electronics 52, no. 2 (February 2008): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2007.09.008.
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Balaguer, M., B. Iñiguez, and J. B. Roldán. "An analytical compact model for Schottky-barrier double gate MOSFETs." Solid-State Electronics 64, no. 1 (October 2011): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2011.06.045.
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Mantelli, M. B. H., and M. M. Yovanovich. "Compact analytical model for overall thermal resistance of bolted joints." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41, no. 10 (May 1998): 1255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(97)00204-4.
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Inokawa, H., and Y. Takahashi. "A compact analytical model for asymmetric single-electron tunneling transistors." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 50, no. 2 (February 2003): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2002.808554.
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Jia, Yonghao, Yuehang Xu, Zhang Wen, Yunqiu Wu, and Yongxin Guo. "Analytical Gate Capacitance Models for Large-Signal Compact Model of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 66, no. 1 (January 2019): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2018.2881255.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Compact analytical model"
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Morojele, N. I. "Nodal intensification strategy : evaluation of an analytical model in metropolitan Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3061.
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Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.The morphological form of South African cities is deemed inefficient and fragmented. Much of the current structure has been shaped by i) the political history of the country, with major influences from the colonial and apartheid eras; and ii) suburban sprawl influenced by the use of private vehicles. This presents obstacles to the sustainable and equitable development of our cities. Since the 1990s, efforts have been made to change the development of the country in order to accommodate previously disenfranchised communities through processes of reconstruction and development. Among these efforts are policies and frameworks aimed at guiding the development and growth of cities. Among the many approaches that have been identified are land use strategies, with the central focus of promoting densification and intensification of urban development. Emphasis on densification in certain public transport corridors and decentralised nodes are in general regarded as urban restructuring elements necessary to transform South African cities into efficient and sustainable areas. However, analytical tools that can explore the possibilities and limits of public transport-orientated development are scarce at present. The University of Utrecht in the Netherlands has developed an analytical model referred to as the node-place model, which can be used to profile nodes and to determine their (re)development potential. This study makes a contribution towards efforts to support the densification concept in general and nodal intensification in particular by applying the node-place model to a selection of railway stations in the Cape Town metropolitan area in order to identify appropriate land use developments to enhance their potential. The model was found to be a useful mechanism for comparing nodes within a transport system for purposes of informing decisions regarding how the nodes should be developed. However, the model requires more accurate and disaggregated data than is generally available for the Cape Town area.
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Abdellatif, Sonia. "Développement et optimization des performances d’un accéléromètre convective triaxial CMOS micro-usiné." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONS035.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'amélioration des performances d’un microaccéléromètre convectif triaxial en termes de sensibilité, en particulier hors-plan, et d'efficacité, (i.e., rapport entre la sensibilité et l’énergie). Dans ce but, deux solutions sont étudiées par analyse numérique en utilisant un modèle FEM validé. La solution qui répond aux restrictions de la technologie CMOS 0,35µm et le post-traitement FSBM est choisie pour concevoir et fabriquer un nouvel accéléromètre convectif à 3 axes. Des simulations numériques sont utilisées pour démontrer la supériorité des performances du nouvel accéléromètre par rapport à un capteur de l’Etat de l’Art. Les sensibilités dans le plan et hors-plan maximales sont, respectivement, 246mK/g et 19mK/g. De plus, des modèles compacts analytiques sont établis pour prédire les niveaux de sensibilité dans le plan et hors-plan de microaccéléromètre nouvellement développéThis thesis deals with performance enhancement of triaxial convective microaccelerometer in terms of sensitivity, especially the out-of-plane one, and efficiency, (i.e., ratio of sensitivity to power). For this purpose, two solutions are investigated through numerical analysis using a validated FEM model. The solution which fully meets 0.35µm CMOS technology and FSBM post-process restrictions is chosen to design and fabricate a novel 3-axis convective accelerometer. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the superiority of the new accelerometer’s performance compared to a State-of-the-Art sensor. Maximum in-plane and out-of-plane sensitivities are, respectively, 246 mK/g and 19 mK/g. Further, compact analytical models are established to predict in-plane and out-of-plane sensitivity levels of the newly developed microaccelerometer
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Rogié, Brice. "Apport à la caractérisation des modèles thermiques spatio-temporels destinés aux composants électroniques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100144.
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La densification extrême des cartes électroniques, couplée à une compacité toujours plus accrue entraîne des contraintes thermiques exacerbées, ceci constitue un verrou technologique à l’évolution des systèmes électroniques.Ce document traite de la modélisation thermique des composants électroniques, et de leur interaction avec des systèmes électroniques en général.Dans une première partie, le concept de modèles compacts, qui est une représentation partielle d’un composant électronique qui s’affranchit de sa géométrie, est abordé. Les différents concepts de modèles numériques sont expliqués et comparés en fonction de leur niveau de précision par rapport à une représentation détaillée d’un composant électronique.Dans une deuxième partie, la modélisation analytique des composants électroniques est développée, pour les composants mono-puces puis multi-puces. Le modèle analytique établi est basé sur la résolution 3-D de l’équation de la chaleur par les séries de Fourier dans un domaine multi-couche et avec des sources de chaleur volumique. Le modèle analytique est également comparé à une modélisation numérique dans le but de quantifier l’avantage de ce type de modélisation.Le concept de modèles compacts temporels est validé expérimentalement dans la troisième partie de ce document. Les modèles compacts explicités dans la première partie sont confrontés à des essais expérimentaux en régime transitoire. Ces essais démontrent que les modèles compacts temporels permettent d’obtenir un écart de température inférieur à 10%, ceci quelle que soit la configuration des véhicules de test thermique.Une quatrième partie s’attache sur un nouveau concept de modèles simplifiés dans le cas où la géométrie des composants électroniques n’est pas connue. Ce type de modélisation se base sur le modèle analytique de la seconde partie. Il est démontré que celui permet d’obtenir un écart inférieur à 10% avec le modèle numérique détaillé, quel que soit le niveau de complexité du composant.Enfin, la dernière partie aborde la potentielle utilisation des modèles compacts développés pour améliorer la conception d’une carte électronique industrielle. Pour cela, la modélisation compacte de cartes électroniques avec composants enterrés a été explorée. Cette approche s’appuie sur le développement analytique effectuée dans la seconde partie des travaux exposés avec pour objectif d’accentuer la capacité à modéliser les cartes possédant de multiples couches. Une méthode intelligente de calcul des diverses couches d’une la carte électronique a été établie. Celle-ci offre la possibilité d’explorer rapidement diverses options d’une conception tout en préservant un niveau de précision importantThe extreme densification of electronic boards, coupled with their size reduction leads to critical thermal stress, resulting in technology barriers to the evolution of electronic systems.This document is about the thermal modelling of electronic components, and their interaction with electronic systems in general.In the first chapter, the concept of compact models, which is a partial representation of an electronic component without its geometry complexity, is addressed. The different types of compact models are explained and discussed in function of their accuracy towards detailed models of electronic components.In a second chapter, the analytical modelling of electronic components is developed, for mono and multi chips packages. The analytical model is based on the resolution of 3-D heat equation by the use of Fourier series for multi-layer domain and volumetric heat sources. The analytical model is therefore compared to numerical models with the goal to quantify the cons and pros of this representation.The concept of dynamical compact models is validated experimentally in a third chapter. The compact models of first chapter are confronted to experimental data in dynamic state. This comparison shows that the developed dynamical compact models have a deviation lower than 10% with experimental results, whatever the configuration of the thermal test vehicles.A fourth chapter introduces a new concept of simplified models, in the case of a lack of information about the geometry of electronic components. This new modelling concept is based on the analytical development of second chapter. It is shown that a discrepancy of less than 10% with detailed numerical models can be achieved, whatever the complexity level of electronic components.Finally, the last chapter deals with a potential way to exploit the developed thermal models for performing industrial board design. Thus, the compact modelling of electronic multilayer boards with buried components in its core layers is investigated.This approach is based on the analytical model of second chapter in order to deal with thin multi-layer electronic boards. A concept of a smart decomposition of the board layers is introduced, which allows a fast design exploration while preserving a high accuracy level
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Almamy, Jeehan. "An evaluation of Altman's Z score using cash flow ratio as analytical tool to predict corporate failure amid the recent financial crisis in the UK." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13735.
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One of the most important threats for many firms today, despite their nature of the operation, size and longevity, is insolvency. Existing empirical evidence has shown that in the past two decades, business failures have occurred at a higher rate than any time since the 1930s. Many business failure studies have been conducted over time using financial ratios as inputs and traditional statistical techniques. Some of these studies examined whether cash flow information improves the prediction of business failure. Most recently, researchers have employed discriminant analysis to perform business failure prediction. The recent changes in the world caused by unstable environments where many firms fail more than ever, there is increasing need to predict business failure. To this date, there have been limited previous studies conducted on failure prediction for UK firms. Even in other countries, there has been a small amount of research done in the field of firm failures. Therefore, this study investigates the extension of Altman’s (1968) original model in predicting the health of UK firms using discriminant analysis and performance ratios to test which ratios are statistically significant in predicting the health of the UK firms .a selected sample containing 90 failed and 1000 non failed on UK industrial firms from 2000 – 2013. The main purpose of this study is to contribute towards Altman’s (1968) original Z-score model by adding new variables (Cash flow ratio). The study found that cash flow, when combined with Altman’s original variables is highly significant in predicting the health of UK general firms. A J-UK model was developed to test the health of UK firms. When compared with the re-estimated the Altman’s original model in the UK context, the predictive power of the model was 82.9%, which is consistent with Taffler’s (1982) UK model. Furthermore, to test the predictive power of the model before, during and after the financial crisis periods; results show that J-UK model had a higher accuracy to predict the health of UK firms than the re-estimated Altman’s original model. Finally, the study proves that liquidity, profitability, leverage and capital turnover ratios are significant ratios in predicting failure. Liquidity and profitability have the highest contribution to the results of both re-estimated Altman’s original model and J-UK model. This study has implications for decision makers. Regulatory bodies and practitioners have to take into account the ratios, which contributed highest to the model in order to serve as early warning signals for corrective action.
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Heuer, Christof. "High-order compact finite difference schemes for parabolic partial differential equations with mixed derivative terms and applications in computational finance." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/49800/.
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This thesis is concerned with the derivation, numerical analysis and implementation of high-order compact finite difference schemes for parabolic partial differential equations in multiple spatial dimensions. All those partial differential equations contain mixed derivative terms. The resulting schemes have been applied to equations appearing in computational finance. First, we develop and study essentially high-order compact finite difference schemes in a general setting with option pricing in stochastic volatility models on non-uniform grids as application. The schemes are fourth-order accurate in space and second-order accurate in time for vanishing correlation. In the numerical study we obtain high-order numerical convergence also for non-zero correlation and non-smooth payoffs which are typical in option pricing. In all numerical experiment a comparative standard second-order discretisation is significantly outperform. We conduct a numerical stability study which indicates unconditional stability of the scheme. Second, we derive and analyse high-order compact schemes with n-dimensional spatial domain in a general setting. We obtain fourth-order accuracy in space and second-order accuracy in time. A thorough von Newmann stability analysis is performed for spatial domain with dimensions two and three. We prove that a necessary stability condition holds unconditionally without additional restrictions on the choice of the discretisation parameters for vanishing mixed derivative terms. We also give partial results for non-vanishing mixed derivative terms. As first example Black-Scholes Basket options are considered. In all numerical experiments, where the initial conditions were smoothened using the smoothing operators developed by Kreiss, Thomée and Widlund, a comparative standard second-order discretisation is significantly outperformed. As second example the multi-dimentional Heston basket option is considered for n independent Heston processes, where for each Heston process there is a non-vanishing correlation between the stock and its volatility.
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SVANTESSON, ROMANOV VIKTOR, and IDA GULLQVIST. "Increasing analytics maturity by establishing analytics networks and spreading the use of Lean Six Sigma : A case study of a global B2B company." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190197.
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Organisations with high-performing data and analytics capabilities are more successful than organisations with lower analytics maturity. It is therefore necessary for organisations to assess their analytics capabilities and needs in order to identify and evaluate areas of improvement that need to be addressed. This was the purpose of this case study conducted on a region in a global B2B organisation, which has a centrally established analytics function on corporate level, wanting the use of analytics to be integrated in more of the region’s processes and analytical capabilities and resources being used as efficient as possible.To fulfil the thesis purpose, empirical data was collected through qualitative interviews with employees on corporate level, more quantitative interviews with regional employees and a questionnaire issued to regional employees. This was complemented with a thorough literature study which provided the analytics maturity models used for identifying the current capabilities on a holistic level of the region, as well as analytics setups, Lean Six Sigma and Knowledge Management. Results show a relatively low analytics maturity due to e.g. insufficient support from management, unclear responsibility of analytics, data not being used correctly or requested enough and various issues with competence, tools and sources.This study contributes to analytics research by identifying that analytics maturity models available free of charge only are good for inspiration and not full use when used in a large company. Furthermore, the study shows that complexities arise when having a central analytics function with low analytics maturity while other parts of the company face analytics problems but no indications are given on who and what to proceed on or not. This study therefore results in contributing with a proposition for companies wanting to increase its analytics maturity that this could be facilitated by establishing networks for analytics. Combining literature and empirics show that networks enable investigation of the analytics situation while at the same time enabling increased sharing, collaboration, innovation, coordination and dissemination. By making Lean Six Sigma a central part of the network analytics will be used more and better while at the same time increasing the success-rate of change and improvements projects.
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Volková, Ludmila. "Analýza vybraného podnikatelského subjektu pomocí vybraných metod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225049.
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This master´s thesis is focused on analysis of the company which is situated in the pro-duction of plastic windows and profile systems. Analysis of the actual state is made through the analysis of the inner and outer environment, financial situaction is estimated with the Kralicek Quick Test. Thesis includes suggestions and recommendations which will cause improvement of the situation at general in following years.
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Dia, Cheikh Tidiane. "Génération de modeles compacts thermiques dynamiques de composants electroniques via les algorithmes genetiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100172/document.
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La simulation détaillée au niveau carte de ces nouveaux types de packages est quasiment impossible du fait de la limitation des moyens de calculs actuels. En outre, dans la plupart des cas de conception électronique, seule l’estimation des températures en quelques points est intéressante. Une étude détaillée au niveau composant n’est pas nécessairement pertinente. Il faut donc un compromis entre faisabilité et/ou rapidité des calculs et une précision sur les paramètres importants. Une alternative est de trouver des modèles comportementaux équivalents aux modèles détaillés, capable de reproduire son comportement thermique aux points cruciaux. C’est dans cette optique que le projet européen DELPHI (Development of libraries of physical models of electronic components for an integrated design environment) a été initié en 1993. L’objectif de ce projet était de pouvoir générer un modèle compact à partir d’un modèle détaillé d’un composant électronique. Celui-ci a ainsi abouti à une standardisation du processus de génération des modèles mis en oeuvre. Néanmoins, les avancées issues de ce projet sont limitées aux composants mono-puces et à leur comportement thermique en régime permanent. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’avoir une approche multi-échelle de la génération de modèles compacts et leur interaction avec la carte. La modélisation multi-échelle consiste à la génération de modèles mono-puces ou multi-puces et leur réutilisation éventuelle dans des systèmes plus complexes tels que le PCB ou les « System-In-packages »This thesis is dedicated to the generation of behavioral thermal model for electronic component having multiple active sensitive chips. This innovative study focuses on the necessary improvements of the concept of steady-state and dynamic compact model in order to elaborate pertinent and accurate modeling practical techniques. To help the electronic designer to early identify the overheated electronic components, the purpose is to generate simplified models, capable to mimic the thermal behavior of sophisticated detailed models. These simplified or compact models using well-known thermal resistances network replicate the thermal path from the most sensitive elements to the external package surfaces and enable to accurately predict their temperatures as well as the case heat flow rates. Preliminary evaluations performed on the popular, plastic Quad Flat-pack No lead package family showed that the simplest network definition, restricted to the heating source and two external surfaces, is always insufficient to properly characterize the thermal response of real device. So our development of steady-state compact thermal model (CTM) for electronic component is based on a process flow defined by the European project DELPHI which was revised by the presented work to address multi-chip components. DELPHI style compact thermal model presents an enlarged node number, especially for the component external surfaces which are divided in a set of relevant areas
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Hladík, Tomáš. "Návrh marketingové strategie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377629.
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This diploma thesis deals with the marketing strategy of ROS.BR s.r.o. The work is divided into three units. The first theoretical part describes general problems of marketing strategy development, market development characteristics, segmentation and marketing situational analysis. The second analytical part deals with the analysis of the internal factors of the company, the general and the business environment, the interpretation of the conclusion from the questionnaire survey and the analysis of the web marketing tools. In the third final part is elaborated a proposal of marketing strategy, individual goals and paths to achieve the stated goals.
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Lahoori, Mojdeh. "Thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of an embankment to store thermal energy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0252.
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Le stockage de chaleur dans des géostructures énergétiques telles que des remblais est réalisable en installant des échangeurs horizontaux au sein des différentes couches de sol compacté. Dans ce système, l'énergie thermique qui est injectée en été via un fluide caloporteur circulant dans les échangeurs de chaleur, peut être extraite en période hivernale. Dans ces conditions, lors de la mise en service, le sol compacté est soumis à des variations de température quotidiennes et saisonnières. Ces variations pourraient modifier les performances thermo-hydro-mécaniques du sol compacté. Ainsi, le but de cette étude est d'étudier les performances thermiques et mécaniques d'un sol compacté lorsqu'il est soumis à des variations de température monotones et cycliques. Le sol étudié est un limon fréquemment utilisé dans les constructions de remblais en France. Le comportement thermique et mécanique du sol est étudié à un état de compactage correspondant aux propriétés thermiques optimales. Dans cet état, le sol compacté est non saturé ce qui complexifie l'estimation de ses propriétés thermiques. Pour pallier à ces difficultés, dans cette étude, un modèle inverse est proposé pour estimer les propriétés thermiques du sol compacté. L’efficacité du modèle est testée sur un jeu de données acquises dans la gamme de 20 à 50 °C dans un modèle réduit en laboratoire. Les valeurs obtenues sont ensuite comparées à des mesures classiques en laboratoire (méthodes en régime transitoire et en régime permanent). Cette méthode pourrait permettre de suivre l’évolution des propriétés thermiques du stockage et ainsi assurer son efficacité tout au long de sa durée de vie. La question de la stabilité à long terme de ces structures soumises à des variations thermiques monotones (5, 20 et 50 °C) et cycliques (5 à 50 °C) est ensuite abordée à l'aide d'essais oedomètriques et d’essais de cisaillement direct à température contrôlée. Les résultats des essais de compressibilité ont montré que l'effet de la variation de température est plus prononcé sous une contrainte verticale supérieure à la pression de préconsolidation. Les indices de compression et de gonflement peuvent être considérés comme indépendants des variations de température. Donc le tassement global du remblai dû aux variations thermiques pourrait être considéré comme négligeable. Les résultats des essais de cisaillement direct ont montré que les variations de température (monotones ou cycliques) augmentent la cohésion ce qui est avantageux pour la capacité portante et la stabilité des pentes des remblais. Dans la phase de conception d'un remblai de stockage, ces résultats seraient utiles au dimensionnement du système si des trajectoires thermomécaniques similaires à celles de cette étude sont respectées. Dans une dernière partie, une simulation numérique prenant en compte l'interaction sol-atmosphère est réalisée afin d’évaluer la performance thermique de ce sol compacté en conditions naturelles. Différentes profondeurs d'installation de boucles d'échangeurs de chaleur sont testéss ainsi que différents scénarios de stockage. Les résultats ont montré que le sol compacté augmente de 8.5% les performances du système par rapport à l'installation d'une boucle horizontale dans le sol naturel (non compacté). Les résultats de deux scénarios différents ont montré qu’en été avec un fluide ayant une température d'entrée de 50 °C augmente significativement la performance du système. De plus, une installation plus profonde des boucles horizontales améliore également la performance du système. Il convient de noter que le remblai est en interaction avec l'atmosphère depuis ses surfaces supérieure et latérale, l'efficacité thermique de la structure pourrait être affectée en raison des pertes de chaleur. Par conséquent, il est préférable de placer les échangeurs de chaleur loin des surfaces supérieures et latéralesNowadays, thermal energy storage in geostructures like embankments can be possible by installing the horizontal heat exchangers in different layers of compacted soil. In this system, the thermal energy is stored in summer via a fluid, circulating in the heat exchangers, to be extracted in the demand period. When the serviceability of embankment as a medium to store the thermal energy starts, the compacted soil will be subjected to the daily and seasonally temperature variations. These seasonal temperature variations could modify the thermo-hydro-mechanical performance of the compacted soil. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the thermal and mechanical performances of a compacted soil when it is subjected to monotonic and cyclic temperature variations. The studied soil is a sandy lean clay that is frequently used in embankment constructions in France. The thermal and mechanical behavior of the soil are investigated at a compaction state corresponding to the optimal thermal properties. However, this compacted soil is unsaturated and the estimation of its thermal properties is complex. In this study, an inverse analytical model is proposed to estimate the thermal properties of the soil using temperature monitoring in the range of 20 to 50 °C in a soil compacted in a large container. The estimated thermal parameters were compared to classical laboratory measurements (transient and steady-state methods). The comparison showed that the estimated values were close to the results obtained in transient laboratory method. Using this method, the thermal efficiency of the compacted soil can be verified in the lifetime of the storage system. To ensure the structure stability, long-term mechanical response of these systems subjected to monotonic and cyclic temperature variations should be investigated. To achieve this aim, using temperature-controlled oedometric and direct shear devices, consolidation and shear parameters of the studied soil at different monotonic (5, 20, and 50 °C) and cyclic (5 to 50 °C) temperatures were investigated. The results of temperature-controlled oedometric tests showed that the effect of the temperature variation is more pronounced under vertical pressures higher than the preconsolidation pressure. The compression and swelling indexes could be considered independent of temperature variations. Therefore, the overall settlement of the embankment due to thermal variation near the heat exchangers could be considered negligible. The results of temperature-controlled direct shear tests showed that the temperature variations (monotonic heating or cooling, or temperature cycles) increased the cohesion which is beneficial for the bearing capacity and slope stability of embankments. These results can be directly used in the design of embankments to store thermal energy exposed to similar thermo-mechanical paths. Finally, the thermal performance of the compacted soil is verified using a numerical simulation considering the soil atmosphere interaction. Different depths installation of heat exchanger loops and different heat storage scenarios were simulated. The results showed that the compacted soil increases 8.5% the systems performance compared to the horizontal loop installation in the local soil. The results of two different scenarios show that an inlet fluid temperature of 50 °C in summer increases highly the system performance (13.7% to 41.4%) while the improvement is less significant (0% to 4.8%) for the ambient inlet temperature. Moreover, a deeper installation of horizontal loops increases the system performance. From the numerical simulation results can be concealed that the embankment is in interaction with the atmosphere from its upper and lateral surfaces, the thermal efficiency of the structure could be affected due to heat losses. Therefore, it is preferable to place the heat exchangers away from the top and side surfaces
Books on the topic "Compact analytical model"
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Kazakova, Nataliya. Financial security of the company. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1908969.
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The textbook provides theoretical and practical training of business analysts on the financial security of companies. Considers the regulatory legal and methodological basis for the diagnosis of bankruptcy of organizations, as well as corporate fraud as a type of economic crimes; analytical tools for assessing the level of financial security based on a risk-oriented approach, the basics of building an internal financial security control system, including monitoring of the company's business processes affecting its financial security, as well as methods for assessing the risks of corporate fraud. The methods of diagnostics of the processes of companies' activities that contribute to improving their financial security through the introduction of a comprehensive digital environment, predictive analytics and big data technology into the control and diagnostic processes of business management are considered. Each chapter includes knowledge assessment questions, tests and situational tasks.
It complies with the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation, is focused on the competence model of the main professional educational programs, and also provides the functionality (requirements for labor functions) of employees laid down in the state professional standard "Business Analyst".
For master's degree students studying in the areas of 38.04.01 "Economics", 38.04.02 "Management", 38.04.08 "Finance and Credit".
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Popov, Evgeniy, Viktoriya Simonova, Igor' Chelak, Pavel Minakir, and Boris Porfir'ev. The company's ecosystem. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1864513.
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The monograph is devoted to modeling the ecosystem of the company. The influence of social networks on the development of business processes is shown, the principles of the use of new digital communication technologies are given and the drivers of the economy in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic are substantiated. The structure of industrial ecosystems in the digital economy is given, the economic effects of digitalization of inter-firm interactions are discussed, the idea of the network potential of a firm in the conditions of digitalization of economic activity is substantiated. The application of digital platforms as the basis for the functioning of economic ecosystems is considered. The possibilities of assessing the development of innovative ecosystems and the typology of their models are given. The factor model of the economic ecosystem is considered. The stakeholder model of the ecosystem and its analytical model are described. The differentiation of stakeholders' impact on ecosystem institutions and the difference in the levels of interaction between the core of the system and stakeholders are discussed. The principles and ideas of the theory of ecosystem analysis are presented.
It is addressed to researchers and university professors specializing in the fields of economic theory, institutional economics, regional economics, microeconomics and minieconomics.
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Haux, Tina. Dimensions of Impact in the Social Sciences. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324089.001.0001.
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Academics are increasingly required to demonstrate their impact on the wider world. The aim of this book is to compare and contextualise the dimensions of impact within the social sciences. Unlike most other studies of the 2014 Research Excellence Framework impact case studies, this book includes case studies from three different sub-panels (Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work and Politics and International Relations), which in themselves capture several disciplines, and therefore allows for a comparison of how impact and academic identify are defined and presented. The impact case studies are placed in an analytical framework that identifies different types of impact and impact pathways and places them in the context of policy models. Finally, it provides a comparison across time based on interviews with Social Policy professors who are looking back over 40 years of being involved as well as analysing the relationship between research and policy-making. This long view highlights successes but also the serendipitous and superficial nature of impact across time.
Book chapters on the topic "Compact analytical model"
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Upadhyay, Abhishek Kumar, Siromani Balmukund Rahi, Billel Smaani, Ball Mukund Mani Tripathi, Neha Paras, Ribu Mathew, Seema Rajput, and Ankur Beohar. "Compact analytical model for graphene field effect transistor." In Advanced MOS Devices and their Circuit Applications, 56–73. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032670270-5.
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Mishra, Sikha, Soumya S. Mohanty, Subhashree Bhol, and Guru Prasad Mishra. "A Compact Analytical Model and Electrostatic Performance Investigation of Multilayer Groove Gate SOI-MOSFET." In ICICCT 2019 – System Reliability, Quality Control, Safety, Maintenance and Management, 753–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8461-5_86.
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Saraswathi, D., N. B. Balamurugan, G. Lakshmi Priya, and S. Manikandan. "A Compact Analytical Model for 2D Triple Material Surrounding Gate Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistors." In Intelligent Computing and Applications, 325–32. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2268-2_35.
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De Luca, Pasquale. "Company Business Model Analysis." In Analytical Corporate Valuation, 3–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93551-5_1.
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Aho, Anne-Maria. "Product Data Analytics Service Model for Manufacturing Company." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 282–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21009-4_22.
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Loy-García, Gabriel, Román Rodríguez-Aguilar, and Jose-Antonio Marmolejo-Saucedo. "An Analytical Intelligence Model to Discontinue Products in a Transnational Company." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 812–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68154-8_70.
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Zheng, Xiaoyan, Mengsi Hu, Lixia Lai, and Jiahao Li. "Enterprise Value Evaluation of the BYD Company Based on FCFF Model." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 529–43. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38074-7_46.
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Huang, Fenghui, Chunying Wu, Yonghong Li, Huiying Wu, and Minquan Ye. "Optimization of Billing Mode of Marketing Service Outsourcing of Power Grid Company." In Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi-modal Information Analytics, 754–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05484-6_97.
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Lang, Timo. "Some Analytic Systems of Rules." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 94–111. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43513-3_6.
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AbstractWe define two simple systems of rules, i.e. calculi with a global condition on the order of rule instances in a proof, for the modal logics of shift-reflexive and Euclidean frames respectively. Cut-elimination, and therefore the subformula property, can be derived directly from the cut-elimination property of adjacent logics. We compare our system to the calculus of grafted hypersequents, which has previously been used to capture both logics.We then discuss an attempt to obtain similar ‘modular’ cut-elimination proofs in other systems of rules. This general attempt is carried out for two more logics, namely the modal logic of serial frames and the intermediate logic axiomatised by the law of the weak excluded middle.
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Zhao, Jing, and Xiaoning Dou. "A Study of Corporate Responsibility by the Analysis of Chinese- on- Line Company." In Application of Intelligent Systems in Multi-modal Information Analytics, 429–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15740-1_60.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Compact analytical model"
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Bedier, Mohammed, Gwenael Bechet, and Franck Badets. "Analytical Compact Model for PMUTs Interfaces." In 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecs.2018.8617862.
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Dawale, Houssein Elmi, Guillaume Jourdan, Loic Sibeud, Fabrice Lamberti, Sebastien Hentz, and Franck Badets. "Analytical Compact Model for Opto-Mechanical Sensor." In 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems46641.2020.9056258.
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Yesayan, Ashkhen, and Jean-Michel Sallese. "Compact Analytical Model of Nanowire Junctionless ISFET." In 2021 28th International Conference on Mixed Design of Integrated Circuits and System (MIXDES). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mixdes52406.2021.9497641.
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Abraham, Isaac. "A novel analytical negative resistor compact model." In 2013 IEEE 56th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2013.6674584.
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Herrera, Fernando Avila, Antonio Cerdeira, Bruna Cardoso Paz, Magali Estrada, and Marcelo Antonio Pavanello. "Analytical compact model for triple gate junctionless MOSFETs." In 2015 30th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices (SBMicro). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbmicro.2015.7298147.
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Tyaginov, Stanislav, Alexander Grill, Michiel Vandemaele, Tibor Grasser, Geert Hellings, Alexander Makarov, Markus Jech, Dimitri Linten, and Ben Kaczer. "A Compact Physics Analytical Model for Hot-Carrier Degradation." In 2020 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps45951.2020.9128327.
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Liao, Yi-Bo, Yan-Kai Chen, and Meng-Hsueh Chiang. "An Analytical Compact PCM Model Accounting for Partial Crystallization." In 2007 IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2007.4450202.
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Pavanello, Marcelo A., Thales A. Ribeiro, Antonio Cerdeira, and Fernando Avila-Herrera. "Analytical Compact Model for Transcapacitances of Junctionless Nanowire Transistors." In 2021 IEEE Latin America Electron Devices Conference (LAEDC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/laedc51812.2021.9437910.
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Numata, T., S. Uno, K. Nakazato, Y. Kamakura, and N. Mori. "An Analytical Compact Model of Ballistic Cylindrical Nanowire MOSFET." In 2009 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2009.e-9-2.
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Chi, Yaqing, Bingcai Sui, Liang Fang, Hailiang Zhou, Haiqing Zhong, and He Sun. "A compact analytical model for multi-island single electron transistors." In 2009 IEEE 8th International Conference on ASIC (ASICON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asicon.2009.5351333.
Full textReports on the topic "Compact analytical model"
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Beckman, Ivan. Development of alternative air filtration materials and methods of analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47188.
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Development of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters demonstrate an effort to mitigate dangerous aerosol hazards at the point of production. The nuclear power industry installs HEPA filters as a final line of containment of hazardous particles. An exploration of analytical, experimental, computational, and machine learning models is presented in this dissertation to advance the science of air filtration technology. This dissertation studies, develops, and analyzes alternative air filtration materials and methods of analysis that optimize filtration efficiency and reduce resistance to air flow. Alternative nonwoven filter materials are considered for use in HEPA filtration. A detailed review of natural and synthetic fibers is presented to compare mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of fibers to desirable characteristics for air filtration media. Digital replication of air filtration media enables coordination among experimental, analytical, machine learning, and computational air filtration models. The value of using synthetic data to train and evaluate computational and machine learning models is demonstrated through prediction of air filtration performance, and comparison to analytical results. This dissertation concludes with discussion on potential opportunities and future work needed in the continued effort to advance clean air technologies for the mitigation of a global health and safety challenge.
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Unknown, Author. WINMOP-R03 Performance of Offshore Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011744.
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The objective of the project was to validate existing pipeline integrity prediction models through field testing multiple pipelines, validate the performance of in-line instrumentation through smart pig runs, and finally, to assess the actual integrity of aging damaged and defective pipelines. The objectives were accomplished by the testing of aging out-of-service lines using "smart pigs", followed by hydrotesting of the lines to failure, recovery of the failed sections, and determination of the pipeline characteristics in the vicinity of the failed sections (failure analysis). One objective of the project was to validate the dented, gouged, and corroded pipeline burst strength prediction models currently in existence, such as ASME B31-G, R-Streng, and DNV 99 for pipelines. Another model was being developed as a joint international project sponsored by the U. S. Minerals Management Service, Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (IMP) titled RAM PIPE REQUAL and an associated JIP identified as PIMPIS (Pipeline Inspection, Maintenance, and Performance Information System), this would be tested and validated as well. The validation was provided by hydrotesting in-situ pipelines to failure. Sustained and rapidly applied hydro-pressures were used to investigate the effects of delayed and dynamic pressure related failures. After testing, the pipelines were scheduled for decommissioning; with the failed sections located, and brought to the laboratory for testing and analysis. Class A predictions were made before the pipelines were hydrotested to failure based on results from in-line instrumentation (instrumented) and from knowledge of the pipeline products and other characteristics (not instrumented). Based on the results from the testing, the analytical models were to be revised to provide improved agreement between the measured and predicted burst pressures. Since the pipelines were inspected with smart pigs before the hydro-tests, it was possible to compare the smart-pig data gathered during pig runs to the actual condition of the pipeline. This was accomplished by recovering sections of the pipeline that were identified by the pig as having pits or metal-loss areas. Reviewed pipeline decommissioning inventory and selected a pipeline candidate. The specific scope of work included: � Selected pipelines for testing. � Conducted field tests with an instrumented pig to determine pipeline denting, gouging and corrosion conditions. � Used existing analytical models to determine burst strength for both instrumented and non-instrumented pipelines. � Hydrotested the selected pipelines to failure (sustained and rapidly applied pressures). � Located and retrieve failed sections and other sections identified as problem spots by the "smart-pig." � Compared "smart pig" data to actual pipeline condition. � Analyzed the failed sections to determine their physical and material characteristics. � Revised the analytical models to provide improved agreements between predicted and measured burst pressures.
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Hillberry, Russell, and David Hummels. Tom Hertel’s influence and its lessons about academic inquiry. GTAP Working Paper, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp85.
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Fields of academic inquiry differ in their preferred forms of output, in the ways in which knowledge is accumulated and stored, and so in the ways that academic influence is measured. We compare Tom Hertel’s research record to other international economists of his generation in order to illustrate the unique breadth and influence of his work, and of the GTAP project broadly. We then provide an analytical framework that helps explain the evolution of the field of international economics from a tool-use standpoint. This framework helps us to assess the academic productivity gains from creating the GTAP model and consortium. It also provides a possible answer to a significant puzzle: why is GTAP increasingly influential in the physical and biological sciences, but less so within the international economics community?
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Reis, Evan. Seismic Performance of Single-Family Wood-Frame Houses: Comparing Analytical and Industry Catastrophe Models (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/qmbu3779.
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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group (WG) 6: Catastrophe Modeler Comparisons and focuses on comparing damage functions developed by the PEER–CEA Project with those currently contained in modeling software developed by the three largest insurance catastrophe modelers: RMS, CoreLogic and AIR Worldwide. A semi-blind study was conducted in collaboration with the modeling companies to compare damage estimates for a selection of the Index Buildings developed in the PEER–CEA Project Study. The WG6 Project Team conducted several meetings with these modeling companies to gather feedback on the structure of and assumptions made by the PEER–CEA Project. The comparative results are evaluated and presented herein.
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Leis, Brian. L51794A Failure Criterion for Residual Strength of Corrosion Defects in Moderate to High Toughness Pipe. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011253.
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This project extends the investigation of the remaining strength of blunt and sharp flaws in pipe to develop a new, simple equation, known as PCORRC, for predicting the remaining strength of corrosion defects in moderate- to high-toughness steels that fail by the mechanism of plastic collapse. This report summarizes the development of this criterion, which began with the enhancement of a special-purpose, analytical, finite-element-based software model (PCORR) for analyzing complex loadings on corrosion and other blunt defects. The analytical tool was then used to compare the influence of different variables on the behavior of blunt corrosion defects and to develop an equation to reliably and conservatively predict failure of corrosion defects in moderate- to high-toughness steels. The PCORR software and the PCORRC equation have been compared against the experimental database and have been shown to reduce excess conservatism in predicting failure of actual corrosion defects that were likely to have been controlled by the plastic collapse mechanism. Because of the general nature and theoretical foundation of these developments, both the software tool and the equation can be extended in future work to develop similar criteria for combinations of defects and loadings not addressed by this version of the PCORRC equation such as interaction of separated adjacent defects and axial loads on defects.
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Semerikov, Serhiy, Hanna Kucherova, Vita Los, and Dmytro Ocheretin. Neural Network Analytics and Forecasting the Country's Business Climate in Conditions of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). CEUR Workshop Proceedings, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812//123456789/4364.
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The prospects for doing business in countries are also determined by the business confidence index. The purpose of the article is to model trends in indicators that determine the state of the business climate of countries, in particular, the period of influence of the consequences of COVID-19 is of scientific interest. The approach is based on the preliminary results of substantiating a set of indicators and applying the taxonomy method to substantiate an alternative indicator of the business climate, the advantage of which is its advanced nature. The most significant factors influencing the business climate index were identified, in particular, the annual GDP growth rate and the volume of retail sales. The similarity of the trends in the calculated and actual business climate index was obtained, the forecast values were calculated with an accuracy of 89.38%. And also, the obtained modeling results were developed by means of building and using neural networks with learning capabilities, which makes it possible to improve the quality and accuracy of the business climate index forecast up to 96.22%. It has been established that the consequences of the impact of COVID-19 are forecasting a decrease in the level of the country's business climate index in the 3rd quarter of 2020. The proposed approach to modeling the country's business climate is unified, easily applied to the macroeconomic data of various countries, demonstrates a high level of accuracy and quality of forecasting. The prospects for further research are modeling the business climate of the countries of the world in order to compare trends and levels, as well as their changes under the influence of quarantine restrictions.
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Hammad, Ali, and Mohamed Moustafa. Seismic Behavior of Special Concentric Braced Frames under Short- and Long-Duration Ground Motions. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zont9308.
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Over the past decade, several long-duration subduction earthquakes took place in different locations around the world, e.g., Chile in 2010, Japan in 2011, China in 2008, and Indonesia in 2004. Recent research has revealed that long-duration, large-magnitude earthquakes may occur along the Cascadia subduction zone of the Pacific Northwest Coast of the U.S. The duration of an earthquake often affects the response of structures. Current seismic design specifications mostly use response spectra to identify the hazard and do not consider duration effects. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the duration of the ground motion on structural performance and its design implications is an important issue. The goal of this study was to investigate how the duration of an earthquake affects the structural response of special concentric braced frames (SCBFs). A comprehensive experimental program and detailed analytical investigations were conducted to understand and quantify the effect of duration on collapse capacity of SCBFs, with the goal of improving seismic design provisions by incorporating these effects. The experimental program included large-scale shake table tests, and the analytical program consisted of pre-test and post-test phases. The pre-test analysis phase performed a sensitivity analysis that used OpenSees models preliminarily calibrated against previous experimental results for different configuration of SCBFs. A tornado-diagram framework was used to rank the influence of the different modeling parameters, e.g., low-cycle fatigue, on the seismic response of SCBFs under short- and long-duration ground motions. Based on the results obtained from the experimental program, these models were revisited for further calibration and validation in the post-test analysis. The experimental program included three large-scale shake-table tests of identical single-story single-bay SCBF with a chevron-brace configuration tested under different ground motions. Two specimens were tested under a set of spectrally-matched short and long-duration ground motions. The third specimen was tested under another long-duration ground motion. All tests started with a 100% scale of the selected ground motions; testing continued with an ever-increasing ground-motion scale until failure occurred, e.g., until both braces ruptured. The shake table tests showed that the duration of the earthquake may lead to premature seismic failure or lower capacities, supporting the initiative to consider duration effects as part of the seismic design provisions. Identical frames failed at different displacements demands because of the damage accumulation associated with the earthquake duration, with about 40% reduction in the displacement capacity of the two specimens tested under long-duration earthquakes versus the short-duration one. Post-test analysis focused first on calibrating an OpenSees model to capture the experimental behavior of the test specimens. The calibration started by matching the initial stiffness and overall global response. Next, the low-cycle fatigue parameters were fine-tuned to properly capture the experimental local behavior, i.e., brace buckling and rupture. The post-test analysis showed that the input for the low-cycle fatigue models currently available in the literature does not reflect the observed experimental results. New values for the fatigue parameters are suggested herein based on the results of the three shake-table tests. The calibrated model was then used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using 44 pairs of spectrally-matched short- and long-duration ground motions. To compare the effect of the duration of ground motion, this analysis aimed at incorporating ground-motion variability for more generalized observations and developing collapse fragility curves using different intensity measures (IMs). The difference in the median fragility was found to be 45% in the drift capacity at failure and about 10% in the spectral acceleration (Sa). Using regression analysis, the obtained drift capacity from analysis was found to be reduced by about 8% on average for every additional 10 sec in the duration of the ground motion. The last stage of this study extended the calibrated model to SCBF archetype buildings to study the effect of the duration of ground motion on full-sized structures. Two buildings were studied: a three-story and nine-story build that resembled the original SAC buildings but were modified with SCBFs as lateral support system instead of moment resisting frames. Two planer frames were adopted from the two buildings and used for the analysis. The same 44 spectrally-matched pairs previously used in post-test analysis were used to conduct nonlinear time history analysis and study the effect of duration. All the ground motions were scaled to two hazard levels for the deterministic time history analysis: 10% exceedance in 50 years and 2% exceedance in 50 years. All analysis results were interpreted in a comparative way to isolate the effect of duration, which was the main variable in the ground-motion pairs. In general, the results showed that the analyzed SCBFs experienced higher drift values under the long-duration suite of ground motions, and, in turn, a larger percentage of fractured braces under long-duration cases. The archetype SCBFs analysis provided similar conclusions on duration effects as the experimental and numerical results on the single-story single-bay frame.
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L51561 Proof Testing of the Pre-Hot-Tap Branch Connection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010226.
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Proof testing of a hot tap prior to completing the actual tap has, in the past, been an individual company procedure. These proof testing procedures have varied from a low pressure leak test to a high pressure test that has reportedly, in a few cases, caused a rupture through the enclosed circular segment of the main line pipe. The objective of this research was to determine a safe and reasonable test pressure level to apply to the attached branch line before completion of the tap. It is aimed at optimizing the safety of hot tap installations while minimizing the chances of damage to the carrier pipe. An analytical model was developed to predict the elastic response of a critical location of the hot tap joint under proof test conditions. Two experiments instrumented with strain gages were conducted. The strain gages were placed in critical locations to determine which area is most highly strained and to help determine the maximum pressure level to be applied in the test. It was not desired to cause a rupture in these experiments, but the pressure level was taken higher than the "safe and reasonable test pressure" to obtain information that would bracket this test pressure level. Full-scale instrumented pressure tests were then conducted on 30-inch X60 run pipe with three tap sizes. The tests showed the analysis to be accurate for ratios of branch pipe diameter to run pipe diameter greater than 0.3.