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Carmichael, Duncan Andrew. "Synaesthesia and comorbidity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15796.
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Synaesthesia is a hereditary, neurological condition in which common stimuli trigger unexpected secondary sensations. For example, reading letters may result in the visualisation of colour, a variant known as grapheme-colour synaesthesia. While synaesthesia is thought to confer a range of benefits such as improved memory, empathy, visual search and creativity to the synaesthete, there is a small, yet growing, body of evidence that suggests synaesthesia may also be associated with more clinical conditions. This thesis investigates potential associations between synaesthesia and a range of clinical conditions, identifying a set of cormorbidities, and exploring the possible genetic roots of these associations. First, I identified an increased prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its clinical precursor, radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) in synaesthetes self-referring for participation in scientific studies. Furthermore, I identified an increased occurrence of anxiety disorder in randomly sampled synaesthetes. In addition, I show that synaesthetes with anxiety disorder experience reduced luminance in their synaesthetic colours. I also conducted an association study into the genetic origins of synaesthesia and propose the immune hypothesis of synaesthesia, which provides a theoretical basis for comorbidities (linked to the altered cortical connectivity thought to underlie the development of synaesthesia). Finally, in phenotyping synaesthesia in individuals, I also validated the most widely used online test for synaesthesia, and use this test to provide a reliable prevalence of grapheme-colour synaesthesia in the general population. Such baselines are important for establishing whether other (e.g., clinical) populations are showing rates of synaesthesia higher than otherwise expected. I also demonstrate there is no significant difference in grapheme-colour synaesthesia prevalence between the sexes and discuss its implications for genetic theories of synaesthesia.
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Ortiz-Dominguez, Tania Abigail. "Migraine comorbidity in bipolar disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116105.
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Introduction: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness associated with functional decline, mortality, and significant health care costs; furthermore, specific general medical conditions have been found to occur disproportionately within BD patient populations, among them, migraine is one of the most studied. Migraine has a global prevalence of 10%, and it is a disorder with elevated direct and indirect costs, the later mostly derived from its association with mood and anxiety disorders. Specifically, the reported prevalence of migraine in the BD population ranges from 24.8% to 39.8%, rates that are considerable higher than those found in the general population.<br>Objective: To explore the prevalence and clinical characteristics of BD patients with and without migraine (Study 1), and to examine the psychiatric comorbidity in patients suffering from migraine (Study 2).<br>Methods: 323 BD patients were studied, using SADS-L and SCID as diagnostic interviews, and ill-Migraine questionnaire to assess the presence of migraine. Statistical analyses were conducted using parametric analysis and the development of log-linear models. Additionally, 102 migraine patients were interviewed using SADS-L, and the descriptive characteristics of the sample were analyzed.<br>Results: For Study 1, we found that 24.5% of BD patients suffer from migraine, and it is significantly associated with BD 2, suicidal behaviour, and a variety of anxiety disorders. As well, over 70% of migraine patients showed a lifetime psychiatric diagnosis, mainly within the spheres of mood and anxiety disorders; specifically, the prevalence of BD among migraine patients was 12.7%.<br>Conclusions: Our study highlights the high prevalence of migraine among BD patients, and the elevated prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among migraine sufferers. The study of this comorbidity will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie both disorders and provide a better framework for the developing of molecular techniques to further analyze the molecular physiopathology of Bipolar Disorder.
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Keeley, Jared Wayne Blashfield Roger K. "Clinicians' conceptual use of comorbidity." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1709.
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Pashkovskyy, V. M. "Comorbidity in neurological and mental disorders." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17640.
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Nika, O. M. "Comorbidity of migraine and psychiatric disorders." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18745.
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Gilbert, Elizabeth. "The Validity of Summary Comorbidity Measures." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/382997.
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Statistics<br>Ph.D.<br>Prognostic scores, and more specifically comorbidity scores, are important and widely used measures in the health care field and in health services research. A comorbidity is an existing disease an individual has in addition to a primary condition of interest, such as cancer. A comorbidity score is a summary score that can be created from these individual comorbidities for prognostic purposes, as well as for confounding adjustment. Despite their widespread use, the properties of and conditions under which comorbidity scores are valid dimension reduction tools in statistical models is largely unknown. This dissertation explores the use of summary comorbidity measures in statistical models. Three particular aspects are examined. First, it is shown that, under standard conditions, the predictive ability of these summary comorbidity measures remains as accurate as the individual comorbidities in regression models, which can include factors such as treatment variables and additional covariates. However, these results are only true when no interaction exists between the individual comorbidities and any additional covariate. The use of summary comorbidity measures in the presence of such interactions leads to biased results. Second, it is shown that these measures are also valid in the causal inference framework through confounding adjustment in estimating treatment effects. Lastly, we introduce a time dependent extension of summary comorbidity scores. This time dependent score can account for changes in patients' health over time and is shown to be a more accurate predictor of patient outcomes. A data example using breast cancer data from the SEER Medicare Database is used throughout this dissertation to illustrate the application of these results to the health care field.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich. "Implications of comorbidity: lessons from epidemiological studies." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99635.
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Objective: The paper discusses conceptual, methodological and clinical issues of comorbidity from the perspective of more recent epidemiological studies. Further the potential causal and pathogenic role of temporally primary disorders for the onset of secondary disorders is evaluated. Results: The available data suggest so far that comorbidity (a) is not an artefact of assessment strategies, sampling or design features, (b) is specific in different disorders, (c) is particularly frequent in anxiety and affective disorders, (d) affects systematically the course of the comorbid conditions and (0 might be related to symptom progression models. Conclusions: Furthermore, evidence is presented that specific forms of primary anxiety disorders affect the risk for secondary depressive disorders, increase the likelihood of non-remission as well as the number of subsequent depressive episodes<br>Scopo: Lo studio affronta problemi concettuali, metodologici e clinici della comorbidità, alia luce dei piu recenti studi epidemiologici. Inoltre viene valutata la causa potenziale e il ruolo patogenetico dei disturbi temporaneamente primari per la comparsa dei disturbi secondari. Risultati: I risultati disponibili fino ad oggi suggeriscono che la comorbidità (a) non è un artefatto delle strategic di valutazione, del campionamento o del disegno, (b) è specifica nei differenti disturbi, (c) e particolarmente frequente nei disturbi affettivi e d'ansia, (d) influisce sistematicamente sull'andamento delle condizioni di comorbidita è (f) potrebbe essere correlata con modelli di evoluzione dei sintomi. Conclusioni: È inoltre evidente che forme specifiche di disturbi di ansia primaria comportano il rischio di sviluppare disturbi depressivi. secondari, aumentano la probability di non remissione cosi come il numero di successivi episodi depressivi
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich. "Implications of comorbidity: lessons from epidemiological studies." Il Pensiero Scientifico Ed, 1996. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26249.
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Objective: The paper discusses conceptual, methodological and clinical issues of comorbidity from the perspective of more recent epidemiological studies. Further the potential causal and pathogenic role of temporally primary disorders for the onset of secondary disorders is evaluated.
Results: The available data suggest so far that comorbidity (a) is not an artefact of assessment strategies, sampling or design features, (b) is specific in different disorders, (c) is particularly frequent in anxiety and affective disorders, (d) affects systematically the course of the comorbid conditions and (0 might be related to symptom progression models.
Conclusions: Furthermore, evidence is presented that specific forms of primary anxiety disorders affect the risk for secondary depressive disorders, increase the likelihood of non-remission as well as the number of subsequent depressive episodes.<br>Scopo: Lo studio affronta problemi concettuali, metodologici e clinici della comorbidità, alia luce dei piu recenti studi epidemiologici. Inoltre viene valutata la causa potenziale e il ruolo patogenetico dei disturbi temporaneamente primari per la comparsa dei disturbi secondari.
Risultati: I risultati disponibili fino ad oggi suggeriscono che la comorbidità (a) non è un artefatto delle strategic di valutazione, del campionamento o del disegno, (b) è specifica nei differenti disturbi, (c) e particolarmente frequente nei disturbi affettivi e d'ansia, (d) influisce sistematicamente sull'andamento delle condizioni di comorbidita è (f) potrebbe essere correlata con modelli di evoluzione dei sintomi.
Conclusioni: È inoltre evidente che forme specifiche di disturbi di ansia primaria comportano il rischio di sviluppare disturbi depressivi. secondari, aumentano la probability di non remissione cosi come il numero di successivi episodi depressivi.
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Herasymiuk, L. G. "Comorbidity of recurrent depressive disorder and insomnia." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18743.
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Musacchio, Katherine, Brandy Anders, Wallace E. Jr Dixon, and Jaima S. Price. "Infant Indicators of ADHD and Overweight Comorbidity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4912.
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Khlunovska, L. Yu. "Clinical features of gastro-thyroid comorbidity in children." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17666.
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Semianiv, I. O. "The comorbidity prevalence of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18887.
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Smith, Patrick (Patrick M. ). "Medical Comorbidity in the Course of Bipolar Disorder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849606/.
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Bipolar disorder is a serious illness affecting approximately 2-4% of the population and is one of the world’s leading causes of disability. In individuals with bipolar disorder, medical comorbidity associated with cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine disorders is related to increased rates of mortality. Recent updates to multi-system inflammatory related conceptualizations of bipolar disorder focus on the unique power that medical illness and biological processes may play as factors associated with course and outcome in bipolar disorder. The current study examined medical comorbidity and its associations with various demographic and psychological variables in individuals with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder with psychotic features followed for 10 years from their first hospital admission. When compared to an age, gender and race-matched control sample from the population, those with bipolar disorder had significantly higher medical comorbidity across a range of medical diagnoses both at 6 months and 10 years after first hospital admission. Ten years following initial hospitalization, individuals in all three diagnostic groups reported increased rates of diabetes (OR: 2.0 – 3.7), stroke (OR: 4.6 – 7.0) and asthma (OR: 1.9 - 3.1), and individuals with bipolar disorder reported increased rates of cancer (OR = 2.1). A number of psychological and demographic symptoms were examined for their ability to predict the development of medical illness across the assessment interval. Overall rates of medical illness were elevated both early in illness course and 10 years after diagnosis, suggesting that broad sequelae of multi-system inflammation are present early and progress over time.
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Swinbourne, Jessica M. "The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4026.
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Research indicates that eating disorders and anxiety disorders frequently co-occur. The prevalence of anxiety disorders amongst anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa samples has been reported in a number of investigations. Despite the significant number of research papers investigating the comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders, many are plagued by methodological problems, limiting the usefulness of findings. Furthermore, there is a significant lack of research examining the prevalence of eating disorders among anxiety patients, and as a result, the frequency of eating disorder pathology among patients presenting to specialty anxiety clinics is unclear. The current research investigated the prevalence of comorbid eating and anxiety disorders amongst 152 women presenting for either eating disorder treatment or anxiety disorder treatment. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was determined from a sample of 100 women presenting for inpatient and outpatient eating disorder treatment. The prevalence of eating disorders was determined from a sample of 52 women presenting for outpatient treatment of an anxiety disorder. The current study found that 65% of women with eating disorders also met criteria for at least one comorbid anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 69% reported the onset of the anxiety disorder to precede the onset of the eating disorder. Of the anxiety disorders diagnosed, Social Phobia was most frequently diagnosed (42%) followed by PTSD (26%), GAD (23%), OCD (5%), Panic/Ag (3%) and Specific Phobia (2%). We also found that 13.5% of women presenting for anxiety treatment also met criteria for a comorbid eating disorder. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of eating and anxiety disorder comorbidity is high. It is hoped that the present research will have significant etiological and therapeutic implications and further the understanding of the development and maintenance of eating disorder pathology.
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Swinbourne, Jessica M. "The comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4026.
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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)<br>Research indicates that eating disorders and anxiety disorders frequently co-occur. The prevalence of anxiety disorders amongst anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa samples has been reported in a number of investigations. Despite the significant number of research papers investigating the comorbidity between eating disorders and anxiety disorders, many are plagued by methodological problems, limiting the usefulness of findings. Furthermore, there is a significant lack of research examining the prevalence of eating disorders among anxiety patients, and as a result, the frequency of eating disorder pathology among patients presenting to specialty anxiety clinics is unclear. The current research investigated the prevalence of comorbid eating and anxiety disorders amongst 152 women presenting for either eating disorder treatment or anxiety disorder treatment. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was determined from a sample of 100 women presenting for inpatient and outpatient eating disorder treatment. The prevalence of eating disorders was determined from a sample of 52 women presenting for outpatient treatment of an anxiety disorder. The current study found that 65% of women with eating disorders also met criteria for at least one comorbid anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 69% reported the onset of the anxiety disorder to precede the onset of the eating disorder. Of the anxiety disorders diagnosed, Social Phobia was most frequently diagnosed (42%) followed by PTSD (26%), GAD (23%), OCD (5%), Panic/Ag (3%) and Specific Phobia (2%). We also found that 13.5% of women presenting for anxiety treatment also met criteria for a comorbid eating disorder. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of eating and anxiety disorder comorbidity is high. It is hoped that the present research will have significant etiological and therapeutic implications and further the understanding of the development and maintenance of eating disorder pathology.
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Laurell, Katarina. "Headache in Schoolchildren : Epidemiology, Pain Comorbidity and Psychosocial Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Neurology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5850.
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<p>Headache is the most frequently reported pain in children and is associated with missed schooldays, anxiety, depressive symptoms and various physical symptoms. A secular trend of increasing headache prevalence has been suggested. Few studies have focused on tension-type headache among children from the general population. </p><p>The aims of this thesis were to describe the prevalence, incidence and prognosis of tension-type headache, migraine and overall headache in schoolchildren, to identify medical, psychological and social factors associated with these headache types, and to determine whether the prevalence of headache has increased over the last decades.</p><p>In 1997, 1850 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years from the city of Uppsala participated in a questionnaire study and 1371 (74.1%) responded. Out of these, a randomly selected, stratified sample of 131 children and their parents were interviewed. Three years later, 122 children from the interview sample replied to an identical headache questionnaire.</p><p>Compared with a similar study in 1955, a significantly lower proportion of schoolchildren reported no headache. The prevalence of tension-type headache increased with age and was significantly higher in girls than boys after the age of twelve. Similar age and gender differences were obtained for migraine. A higher proportion of girls reported frequent headache than boys. Children with headache, especially those with migraine, as well as their first-degree relatives suffered from other pains and physical symptoms more frequently than headache-free children and their first-degree relatives. Although the likelihood of experiencing the same headache diagnosis and symptoms at follow-up was high, about one fifth of children with migraine developed tension-type headache and vice versa. Female gender was a predictor of migraine and frequent headache a predictor of overall headache at follow-up. The estimated annual incidence for tension-type headache, migraine and overall headache was 81, 65 and 131 per 1000 children, respectively. </p><p>In conclusion, the results indicate that headache has become increasingly common among schoolchildren over the last decades. Prevention and treatment of headache is particularly important for girls since they have high prevalence of headache, frequent headache episodes and a poor outcome. In children with headache, diagnoses and treatment should be reassessed regularly and other pains should be asked about and treated as well. </p>
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Ljung, Lotta. "Aspects on inflammation and cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Reumatologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57702.
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There is an increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) comorbidity among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with premature atherosclerosis, and a higher incidence of CV events, compared with the general population. Disease related factors add to the CV risk, and interact with the traditional CV risk factors. The underlying mechanism for this is not completely understood. In active RA there is a loss of muscle mass and an increase in body fat content. Production of cytokines, i.e., adipokines, in the adipose tissue could link the inflammation with the CV system. Control of the inflammation has been suggested to modify the CV risk in RA, and the recently introduced biological drugs, such as the tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi), have opened up new treatment opportunities. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate aspects of the interaction between inflammation and CV comorbidity in RA using biochemical and epidemiological methods. Methods In the first two studies, patients with established RA were examined for clinical disease activity, and blood samples were analysed for cytokines and adipokines using ELISAs and multiplex technology. In Study I (n RA=23) anthropometric measurements were assessed and in Study II (n RA=51) measurements of intima-media thickness (IMT), and endothelial function (FMD). From a subgroup of patients (Study II, n RA=13) samples of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were analysed for content of adipokines. In study III and IV associations between treatment with TNFi and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) were analysed using data from the Swedish Rheumatology Register; in Study III regarding early RA (n TNFi exposed=1,271, n bionaïve RA=4,729), and in Study IV comprising patients with RA of all stages (n TNFi exposed=7,213, n bionaïve RA=17,769) and with a matched general population comparator cohort (n=32,161). Associations between response to TNFi therapy and risk for ACS in the early RA cohort were evaluated in a nested case-control design (cases n=24, controls n=81). Results Serum levels of the cytokines/adipokines interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, osteopontin, visfatin and TNF were increased in patients compared with controls (p≤0.001-0.036). The amount of TNF receptor II extracted from SAT was greater in patients (p=0.006). The serum (s-) levels of IL-1Ra correlated with s-leptin (r=0.71, p≤0.001) and s-haptoglobin in RA patients (r=0.56, p≤0.01). The result from a factor analysis indicated IL-1Ra to be associated with both adipose tissue and inflammation. Levels of s-visfatin (p=0.019) and s-IL-1Ra (p=0.023), respectively, were positively associated with IMT independently of inflammatory activity and CV risk factors. PAI-1 and MCP-1 extracted from SAT showed inverse associations with IMT. Patients with RA, whether exposed to TNFi or bio-naïve, had a doubled risk for ACS compared with the general population; HR 2.09 (95%CI 1.58-2.76) and 1.80 (1.49-2.17), respectively. No significant associations between risk for ACS and TNFi exposure were detected after adjustments; HR 0.80 (0.52-1.24) in early RA and HR 1.08 (0.82-1.41) in RA of any duration. Furthermore, no association between the risk for ACS and response to TNFi treatment in patients with early RA was observed, OR 1.5 (0.3-6.9). Conclusions The results indicate that cytokines/adipokines may have a role in the development of atherosclerosis in RA patients. A continuing increase in the risk of ACS in RA compared with the general population, despite modern therapeutic strategies, was noted. Neither exposure nor response to treatment with TNFi was associated with any modification of the risk for ACS.
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Galbraith, Kim M. "Comorbidity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and internalizing symptoms." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55210.pdf.
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Stookey, Emily Sims. "SKIN PICKING IN A COLLEGE POPULATION: CHARACTERISTICS AND COMORBIDITY." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06142008-104807/.
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The present study examined the prevalence and characteristics of skin picking in a college population in the southeast. Undergraduates completed a battery of self-report inventories that included the Skin Picking Inventory Abbreviated, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Eating Disorders Inventory 2, Padua Inventory, Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and a short demographics form. Only 1% of the sample population met the full criteria for pathological skin picking and 6.7% met the subclinical definition. As a result of their skin picking, all participants in the subclinical group reported significant distress or impairment in some area of functioning. Interestingly, the current subclinical sample included more males (60%) than females (40%). Higher levels of anxiety, depression, dissociative experiences, and alcohol abuse were associated with skin picking. The responses to the Skin Picking Inventory Abbreviated were analyzed and characteristics of skin picking are reported.
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Kessler, Ronald C., James C. Anthony, Daniel G. Blazer, Evelyn Bromet, William W. Eaton, Kenneth S. Kendler, Marvin Swartz, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Shanyang Zhao. "The US National Comorbidity Survey: Overview and future directions." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-117330.
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This report presents an overview of the results of the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (Kessler et al., 1994) and future directions based on these results. The NCS is a survey that was mandated by the US Congress to study the comorbidity of substance use disorders and nonsubstance psychiatric disorders in the general population of the US. (...)
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Stott, Carol Mary. "Specific language impairment in children : prevalence outcome and comorbidity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621923.
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Kessler, Ronald C., James C. Anthony, Daniel G. Blazer, Evelyn Bromet, William W. Eaton, Kenneth S. Kendler, Marvin Swartz, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, and Shanyang Zhao. "The US National Comorbidity Survey: Overview and future directions." Technische Universität Dresden, 1997. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27015.
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This report presents an overview of the results of the US National Comorbidity Survey (NCS) (Kessler et al., 1994) and future directions based on these results. The NCS is a survey that was mandated by the US Congress to study the comorbidity of substance use disorders and nonsubstance psychiatric disorders in the general population of the US. (...)
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Hayevska, M. Yu. "The significance of comorbidity assessment in patients with urticaria." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18882.
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Hulei, L. O. "The significance of comorbidity assessment in patients with urticaria." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18883.
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Antonilli, Stefanie, and Lydia Embaie. "Charlson and Rx-Risk Comorbidity Indices – A Correlation Analysis." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183469.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of the diagnose-based Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index on Swedish administrative data. Data was collected over a ten-year period from the National Patient Register and the National Prescribed Medication Register on 3609 respondents from the national public health survey 2018, aged 16-84 and registered in Stockholm County. The overall aim was to identify comorbid conditions in the study population; and to examine if the identified comorbidities differ between indices, based on subject characteristics such as age and gender. Moreover, the specific aim was to quantify correlation between the indices, as well as within indices over look-back periods of up to ten years. Among the study population, 13 % were identified with at least one comorbid condition through CCI, and 87 % had medications indicative of at least one condition covered by Rx-Risk. Both the original Charlson weights and updated weights by Quan were used to compute the comorbidity scores for CCI. Results showed that when CCI and Quan may have scored low, the Rx-Risk picked up more conditions. The Spearman rank correlation between CCI and Quan scores resulted in relatively high correlation with a coefficient of 0.82 (p-value < 0.05) over look-back periods of 2, 5 and 10 years. Moreover, the correlation between CCI and Rx-Risk was fairly low over all look-back periods with a correlation coefficient of 0.34 (p-value < 0.05) at most. The within-correlation showed that CCI identified much of the comorbidity between the one- and two-year look-back periods, whilst Rx-Risk identified much comorbidity within the one-year look-back period. The overall implications of the presented results are that a utilization of Charlson index and Rx-Risk is likely to capture comorbid conditions in different health care settings, and thus expected correlation is to be of modest level between the two indices. The research question of interest should therefore determine which index is favorable when assessment of comorbidity is desired.
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Austin, Karla Michele. "Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Personality Characteristics and Comorbidity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279399/.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is surrounded by confusion and controversy regarding its definition, course, etiology and treatment. Among adults, ADHD is rarely considered a diagnostic reality of primary importance and is often overlooked. This study provides descriptive validity for adult ADHD in distinguishing it from controls, and identifying both a pure condition and one wrought with comorbidity.
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Grose, Derek B. "Comorbidity in lung cancer : influence on treatment and survival." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7079/.
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Lung cancer is the commonest cancer in Scotland and survival rates for patients in Scotland appear lower than in many other European countries. Although this variation in survival is usually interpreted as evidence of variation in facilities, access to care and clinical practice it is possible that the increased comorbidity and poor performance status of the Scottish population may contribute to the observed disparities in treatment and outcomes, although this has never been proven. The overall aim of the Thesis was to examine the impact of comorbidity in lung cancer, to attempt to quantify the extent and severity of comorbidity and to explore its relationship with treatment and survival. Between 2005 and 2008 all newly diagnosed lung cancer patients coming through the Multi-Disciplinary Teams (MDTs) in four Scottish Centres were included in the study. Patient demographics, World Health Organization/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS), clinic-pathological features, stage, comorbidity, markers of systemic inflammation and proposed primary treatment modality were all recorded. Information on date of death was obtained via survival analysis undertaken by the Information Service Division (ISD) of NHS Scotland. Death records were complete until 1 June 2011, which served as the censor date for those alive. Chapter 4 examines the variations in demographics and baseline characteristics seen between the centres and reveals significant differences between the centres such as deprivation, stage at presentation, PS and treatments offered. Chapter 5 explores the relationship between comorbidity and the patient cohort. It shows that comorbidity can be quantified using a scoring index (the Scottish Comorbidity Scoring System (SCSS)) and that increasing comorbidity is associated with treatment centre and socio-economic status, with the most deprived patients having increased levels of co-morbidity. It also demonstrates that comorbidity appears to have an impact on treatment offered. Chapter 6 examines the relationship between systemic inflammation (utilizing the well established modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS)) and outcome in the patient cohort. It confirms previous work supporting the use of the mGPS in predicting lung cancer survival and also shows how it might be used to provide more objective risk stratification in patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Chapter 7 explores the relationship between a novel comorbidity scoring system (SCSS) and the already established Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). This study aimed to determine which of these factors provided the most accurate information on survival. The novel comorbidity scoring system, the SCSS compares very favourably with the more established CCI. In addition this study demonstrates clear differences between patients having potentially radically treatable disease (NSCLC stage I – IIIa) and disease which would generally be considered incurable (NSCLC IIIb/IV and SCLC). Chapter 8 examines the reasons for the clinician decision-making process and if these reasons do indeed mirror the individual patient’s demographics, fitness and stage. In the majority of patients, both in the early and advanced stage at presentation, the treatment decision appears to be appropriate given the recorded fitness, PS and comorbidity. However in a small but significant number of patients there did appear to be discrepancies between the clinician’s reasons for sub-optimal therapy and the recorded objective assessment of the patient in question. The work presented in this thesis has demonstrated the significant extent of comorbidity in lung cancer and the important role it appears to play (along with systemic inflammation) in determining treatment choice and survival.
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Schnare-Hayes, Kim Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The comorbidity of bulimia nervosa, substance abuse and depression." Ottawa, 1995.
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Phillips-Darby, Louise. "An evaluation of health status versus individualised quality of life in a renal dialysis population." Thesis, Keele University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288495.
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Haug, Erik Skaaheim. "Infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm : comorbidity and results following open surgery." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1772.
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Maloney, Elizabeth Ann National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Opioid dependence: associations with suicidal behaviour and other psychiatric comorbidity." Publisher:University of New South Wales. National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41455.
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Suicide attempts and opioid dependence are important clinical issues, as both are associated with a high degree of psychiatric morbidity and elevated risk of mortality. Research has identified a number of risk factors for suicide attempts among the general population, and to a lesser extent, among heroin users. Due to a lack of case-control studies, however, it is still not known to what extent opioid dependence per se is a risk factor for suicide attempts. This thesis comprised the first study to directly examine whether opioid dependence is a unique risk factor of suicide attempts. This thesis examined suicide attempts, associated risk factors, and related comorbidity among an opioid-dependent case group and a non-opioid-dependent control group. A structured interview was used to collect data from 726 opioid-dependent cases and 399 non-opioid-dependent controls. This thesis identified a number of important findings. Firstly, although opioid-dependent individuals were more likely to report lifetime suicide attempts compared to controls, the risk factors were largely the same for both groups. It appeared that opioid-dependent individuals were characterised by a higher likelihood of the same risk factors for suicide attempts, rather than having different risks. Cases appeared to be at increased risk of suicide attempts because of increased levels of multiple risk factors. Secondly, borderline personality disorder (BPD) and impulsivity were identified as important risk markers for suicidal behaviour, especially among opioid-dependent individuals. The study concluded that the treatment of BPD should be prioritised among this group. Third, self-mutilation was identified as a clinically significant problem in its own right, however, when combined with a history of attempted suicide, the psychological dysfunction observed was found to be very high. Fourth, non-fatal opioid overdose and suicide attempts were found to be distinct behaviours. The risk factors for each were completely different. While drug-related risks were associated with non-fatal overdose, the risk markers for suicide attempts were related to the presence of psychological disorders. This thesis has highlighted important areas of concern for clinical interventions as well as for future research to explore. Considering this is the first study of its kind, future research should focus on its replication.
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Nilsson, Erik. "Diabetes and cognitive functioning : the role of age and comorbidity /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-759-6/.
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Hart, Kathryn. "Posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in a women's prison /." Adelaide, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR.PS/09ar.psh325.pdf.
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Mulfinger, Amanda Margaret Marie McGlynn F. Dudley. "Comorbidity of anorexic and obsessive-compulsive behaviors in undergraduate females." Auburn, Ala, 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/Psychology/Dissertation/MULFINGER_AMANDA_13.pdf.
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Wunderlich, Ursula, Thomas Bronisch, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Comorbidity patterns in adolescents and young adults with suicide attempts." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-105061.
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The role of comorbidity as a risk for suicide attempts is investigated in a random sample of 3021 young adults aged 14–24 years. The M-CIDI, a fully standardized and modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, was used for the assessment of various DSM-IV lifetime and 12-month diagnoses as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Of all suicide attempters, 91% had at least one mental disorder, 79% were comorbid or multimorbid respectively and 45% had four or more diagnoses (only 5% in the total sample reached such high levels of comorbidity). Suicide attempters with more than three diagnoses were 18 times more likely (OR = 18.4) to attempt suicide than subjects with no diagnosis. Regarding specific diagnoses, multivariate comorbidity analyses indicated the highest risk for suicide attempt in those suffering from anxiety disorder (OR = 4.3), particularly posttraumatic stress disorder followed by substance disorder (OR = 2.2) and depressive disorder (OR = 2.1). Comorbidity, especially when anxiety disorders are involved, increases the risk for suicide attempts considerably more than any other individual DSM-IV diagnoses.
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Coid, Jeremy Weir. "Psychopathology in psychopaths : a study of diagnostic comorbidity and aetiology." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362844.
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Ragsdale, Kathleen A. "Comorbidity of Psychopathy in Schizotypy: Skin Conductance to Affective Pictures." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5444.
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Prior research substantiates a relationship between psychopathy and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which has begun to elucidate why some individuals with schizophrenia are violent. Unfortunately, this relationship has been limited to self-report. To objectively corroborate this finding, undergraduate students were recruited from an online screening administration of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. This resulted in 56 participants (52% male) with a mean age of 20.37 (SD = 4.74) and a wide range of schizotypy scores who participated in the experiment. Following completion of self-report measures, participants viewed 15 pictures (five neutral, five threatening, and five of others in distress) from the International Affective Pictures System while electrodermal activity was recorded from one palm. As expected, all participants exhibited increased peak skin conductance (SC) to both threat and distress pictures compared to neutral pictures; however; no difference was found between threat and distress pictures. Although the self-report relationship was replicated, neither total psychopathy nor total schizotypy were related to any SC variable. Therefore, it does not appear that increased schizotypy was related to a differential SC response to emotional pictures in our sample, even after testing for the potential moderating influence of anxiety and the Self-Centered Impulsivity factor of psychopathy. Total schizotypy was, however, significantly and positively related to the Personality Assessment Inventory Aggression scale (including the subscales of Aggressive Attitude and Physical Aggression) and the total score on the Beck's Anxiety Inventory. Overall findings suggest that despite presence of the comorbidity in this subclinical population, subthreshold levels of both constructs do not relate to a reduced SC response to affective pictures as is seen in clinical psychopathy.<br>ID: 031001328; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 8, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-38).<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Psychology Clinical
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Lind, Nina. "Comorbidity, distress, coping and social support in asthma and allergy." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-97473.
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Asthma and allergies are some of the most common illnesses worldwide that almost everybody will come in contact with. This thesis studied persons with allergic asthma, non-allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in a population-based sample. At an early stage, these illnesses were regarded as psychosomatic. Over time, as knowledge about asthma/allergy has increased more of a biomedical perspective was taken by the research field. In considering early documentations well as contemporary research, a psychobiosocial perspective was taken in this thesis when conducting the three studies. Thus, as psychological factors may affect the illness and be a result of the illness, it is important to incorporate these factors to better understand asthma and allergy. Study I examined the co- and multimorbidity in asthma/allergy with the environmental intolerances in the form of chemical and building-related intolerance. Study II investigated psychological distress in the four forms of asthma and allergy. Psychological distress was in this study defined as stress, burnout, anxiety, depression and environmental health worries. Study III examined usage of problem and emotion focused coping strategies and perceived social support from the surrounding in high and low asthma/allergy severity. All studies were performed using data from the Västerbotten Environmental Health Study, a questionnaire-based survey with focus on various environmental hypersensitivities and asthma and allergy. The result showed that the co- and multimorbidity with the environmental intolerances in asthma/allergy was larger than what was statistically excepted. Those with allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis experienced more stress, burnout and anxiety than those with non-allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and non-asthma/allergy. Moreover, the most common way of coping with asthma and allergy was found to be strategies such as avoiding environments that are believed to affect health, and trying to accept the situation, independent of asthma/allergy severity. Finally, in general, those with asthma and allergy reported receiving most support from their partner, other family members and health care, and least support was perceived by those with low asthma/allergy severity.The findings suggest that co- and multimorbidity with environmental intolerances is relatively common in asthma and allergy, and should therefore be included in the clinical anamnesis for this patient group. The elevated level of distress in allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis evokes the question of use of therapies such as mindfulness maybe beneficial in certain afflicted persons. The results on coping and social support provide a foundation for further research regarding informing the asthma/allergy patient and family members about effective coping strategies and the importance of adequate social support. A metaperspective is taken in which interrelations between important variables in the thesis are discussed.
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Wunderlich, Ursula, Thomas Bronisch, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Comorbidity patterns in adolescents and young adults with suicide attempts." Technische Universität Dresden, 1997. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26566.
Full textAbstract:
The role of comorbidity as a risk for suicide attempts is investigated in a random sample of 3021 young adults aged 14–24 years. The M-CIDI, a fully standardized and modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, was used for the assessment of various DSM-IV lifetime and 12-month diagnoses as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Of all suicide attempters, 91% had at least one mental disorder, 79% were comorbid or multimorbid respectively and 45% had four or more diagnoses (only 5% in the total sample reached such high levels of comorbidity). Suicide attempters with more than three diagnoses were 18 times more likely (OR = 18.4) to attempt suicide than subjects with no diagnosis. Regarding specific diagnoses, multivariate comorbidity analyses indicated the highest risk for suicide attempt in those suffering from anxiety disorder (OR = 4.3), particularly posttraumatic stress disorder followed by substance disorder (OR = 2.2) and depressive disorder (OR = 2.1). Comorbidity, especially when anxiety disorders are involved, increases the risk for suicide attempts considerably more than any other individual DSM-IV diagnoses.
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Dogolich, O. I. "Сardiovascular risk as a comorbidity phenomenon in patients with gout". Thesis, БДМУ, 2022. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/19561.
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Seligman, Laura Diane. "Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth: A developmental analysis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37640.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine a model explaining a pathway from anxiety to depression in youth. Additionally, a second model was considered examining specifically the worry component of anxiety and its role in the development of depression. Path analyses were used to examine the relationships between general anxiety and worry and academic competence and functioning, social competence and functioning, attributional style, hopelessness, and depression. In addition, the impact of sex and cognitive ability on these relationships was examined.
Results revealed that anxious and depressive symptomatology were significantly correlated. Further, some support was found to suggest that the significant relationship between self-reported anxiety and depression was partially mediated through social and/or academic variables as well as attributional style and hopelessness. While sex was not found to significantly impact these relationships, cognitive ability did moderate the relationship between worry and academic functioning even when other variables were considered simultaneously. The implications of these findings for treatment and research are discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Witting, Katarina. "Classification, comorbidity, heredity, and risk factors of female sexual dysfunctions /." Abo, Finland : Abo Akademi University, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017633778&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Boggs, Christina Danielle. "Clinical overlap between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder in male veterans." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4367.
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The associated features, high rates of comorbidity and chronicity of
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) raise
questions regarding the distinctiveness of the two disorders. The present study expands
upon previous literature by providing an investigation of clinical features across two
groups: PTSD only and comorbid PTSD and BPD in a sample of male veterans (n=178).
Results suggest that the two groups were distinct, with the comorbid group displaying
higher levels of depression, hostility, alcohol use and general psychopathology. Groups
did not differ on rates of personal trauma, adult sexual abuse, childhood sexual abuse,
attack, accident or disaster. The two groups did differ significantly on rates of childhood
violence.
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Ritland, Jon Ståle. "Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma & Exfoliative Glaucoma : Survival, Comorbidity and Genetics." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2226.
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Aschan, Lisa. "Health inequalities and mental health service use in mental-physical comorbidity." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/health-inequalities-and-mental-health-service-use-in-mentalphysical-comorbidity(6f2c678e-1d94-40c0-9622-333539e46c4b).html.
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Although mental and physical health are likely to share common social causes, most mental-physical comorbidity research has focused on immediate mechanisms between mental and physical illness. This thesis takes a social epidemiological approach to mental-physical comorbidity, where social disadvantage and the disproportionate availability of resources are central. The amplified burden of comorbidity in terms of poor health and functioning may have implications for the relationship between comorbidity and mental health service use (MHSU). Whilst much research examines the impact of comorbidity on physical health services, MHSU is under-researched. Furthermore, comorbidity inequalities may be perpetuated through processes of cumulative disadvantage. For example, barriers to social participation may deplete resources over time, thus leading to worse health outcomes and more adverse social circumstances. This project therefore aims to: 1. Estimate the prevalence of comorbidity, and describe inequalities in mental-physical comorbidity by key socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors 2. Describe and explain the association between comorbidity and mental health service utilisation and quality 3. Describe the trajectories of social functioning by comorbidity Analyses make use of survey data from the South East London Community Health Survey (SELCoH) phases 1 (N=1698) and 2 (N=1052) (73% response among those approached at follow-up). Statistical methods used include weighted cross-sectional and longitudinal regression analyses. The results indicate that comorbidity is associated with distinct socio-economic inequalities (most consistently by household income), increased MHSU over time, and persistent social exclusion. This suggests that comorbidity reflects a process of cumulative disadvantage, which has important implications for comorbidity and health inequality research, and local services and policy makers. Altering the downward spiralling trajectories of health and social disadvantage among those with mental-physical comorbidity may be addressed through integrated care models, while interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities may effectively 3 prevent comorbidity and interrupt its downward spiralling course of disadvantage.
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Alibhai, Shabbir Muhammad Husayn. "Do age and comorbidity influence the treatment of localized prostate cancer?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58687.pdf.
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Robinson, Reed Jeremy. "Comorbidity of alcohol abuse and depression exploring the self-medication hypothesis /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Danielson, Dale Lee. "Comorbidity of substance abuse and other mental disorders among Native Americans /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1992. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9302429.
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Brunello, Nicoletta, Boer Johan A. den, Lewis L. Judd, Siegfried Kasper, Jeffrey E. Kelsey, Malcolm Lader, Yves Lecrubier, et al. "Social phobia: diagnosis and epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacology, comorbidity and treatment." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-112851.
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Social phobia is a common disorder associated with significant psychosocial impairment, representing a substantial public health problem largely determined by the high prevalence, and the lifelong chronicity. Social phobia starts in early childhood or adolescence and is often comorbid with depression, other anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse or eating disorders. This cascade of comorbidity, usually secondary to social phobia, increases the disability associated with the condition. The possibility that social phobia may be a trigger for later developing comorbid disorders directs attention to the need for early effective treatment as a preventive measure.
The most recent drug class to be investigated for the psychopharmacological treatment of social phobia is the SSRI group for which there is growing support. The other drug classes that have been evaluated are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers. The SSRIs represent a new and attractive therapeutic choice for patients with generalized social phobia. Recently the first, large scale, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of drug treatment in generalized social phobia has been completed with paroxetine. Paroxetine was more effective in reducing the symptoms than placebo and was well tolerated. Many now regard SSRIs as the drugs of choice in social phobia because of their effectiveness and because they avoid the problems of treatment with benzodiazepines or classical MAOIs.
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Schettini, Elana. "Internalizing-Externalizing Comorbidity and Regional Brain Volumes in the ABCD Study." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619009366110044.
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