Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communs de la donnée'
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Malafosse, Maxime. "La blockchain en support aux communs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0455.
Full textBlockchain and the commons are two concepts that are attracting more and more interest. Through different perspectives, these two notions raise a lot of hopes to transform our society and to answer the current challenges of social and ecological transition. However, there is little research linking them. Especially since the work that brings blockchain and the commons together remains essentially theoretical. Our work aims to better understand how blockchain can support the commons in real life situations. We explored several fields that embodied, in different ways, the role of a technology as a tool in the service of a collective purpose. We began by observing the key role of the blockchain in a commons that aims to produce and self-manage monetary creation (essay 1). To invest this first research field, we conducted a case study. In the following essay, we aimed to shed light on the role of blockchain as a tool integrated in a larger device for experimenting the data commons at the scale of a city (essay 2). This second case study was matured by the realization of a two-year expertise mission in a third place and finally focused on the European project DECODE. Finally, our last essay builds on the results of the first essay and explores how blockchain could economically support the commons as it disrupts the prospects of money through democratizing its alternative forms, facilitating its creation, and increasing the complexity of its design (essay 3)
Amoussou-Guenou, Yackolley. "Gouvernance des biens communs dans les blockchains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS043.
Full textBlockchains are one of the most appealing technologies over the last years, both for scientists and for the general public. Blockchains are distributed ledgers that aim to offer transparency, integrity and many more advantages over their centralised counterparts. Blockchains were “revealed” and became popular thanks to the creation and rise of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin. Over the years, blockchain technologies become more and more popular with an exceptional peak in 2017. Blockchains are becoming mainstream technologies, as there is an observatory for blockchains established by the European Commission, blockchain forums in many countries, blockchain start-ups are flourishing, scientific conferences are discussing the topic, and even some scientific conferences are now specifically dedicated to the technology, etc. The blockchain technology promises, thanks to its integrity and transparency properties to be useful and interesting in various domains, and not only for financial systems. However, many questions and doubts float around it. Is it environmentally viable? Is the technology even ensuring its promises? Can they be used in real-life settings, etc. In this thesis, using the lens of distributed systems, we study and define the properties of committee-based blockchains and their fairness; that definition allows formalising and helping correct one of the most used blockchain of that class. Furthermore, adding lenses from game theory, we propose a methodology to analyse the rational behaviours of participants in a blockchains system. Using that methodology, we show, under different mechanisms of rewards, the necessary conditions needed to ensure the blockchain properties
Kamocki, Pawel. "E-Universités : la construction d'un droit des communs du savoir." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB190.
Full textAn e-University is a university that uses information and communications technology (ICT) to fulfil its traditional tasks: production, preservation and dissemination of knowledge. Its activities consist of the collection and analysis of research data, the dissemination of scientific literature and the provision of digital educational resources. However, the intangible goods required for these activities are often protected by literary and artistic property rights, such as copyright and the sui generis database right. Therefore, e-Universities are obliged to seek the permission of rights-holders or to rely on statutory exceptions. Statutory exceptions for research and teaching do exist (cf. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) of the Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) and s. 52a and 53 of the Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). They are, however, clearly insufficient to allow e-Universities to fulfil their tasks. Consequently, national legislators have recently adopted new exceptions specifically addressing the use of ICT in research and teaching (art. L. 122-5, 10° and art. L. 342-3, 5° of the CPI and the future art. 60a-60h UrhG). The European Commission has also proposed to reform EU law accordingly (art. 3 and 4 of the Proposal for a Digital Single Market Directive). In this context, it is desirable to discuss the introduction of an open (fair-use-type) norm in EU law. Despite the legal uncertainty that surrounds the question, e-Universities have not ceased to fulfil their tasks. On the contrary, efforts have been undertaken by the academic community to organise access and re-use of resources by means of private ordering. The concept of Open Science, inspired by traditional values of the ethos of science, have emerged to promote access to research data (Open Research Data), scientific literature (Open Access) and educational resources (Open Educational Resources). According to this approach, knowledge is perceived as a commons, the sustainability of which is guaranteed by standards accepted by the academic community. These standards are codified in public licenses, such as Creative Commons. In recent years not only universities, but also research funding agencies and even national legislators have actively engaged in the promotion of knowledge commons. This engagement is expressed through various Open Access mandates and the introduction of a new secondary publication right, first in German law (s. 38(4) UrhG), and more recently also in French law (art. L. 533-4, I of the Code de la recherche)
Eine E-Universität ist eine Universität, die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (IKT) einsetzt, um ihre traditionellen Aufgaben zu erfüllen: Die Erzeugung, die Erhaltung und die Verbreitung von Wissen. Ihre Tätigkeiten umfassen die Sammlung und die Analyse von Forschungsdaten, die Verbreitung wissenschaftlicher Literatur und die Bereitstellung digitaler Bildungsressourcen. Allerdings unterliegen die dazu erforderlichen immateriellen Güter oftmals dem Schutz des geistigen Eigentums, beispielsweise dem Urheberrecht und dem sui-generis-Recht für Datenbanken. Deswegen sind E-Universitäten auf die Erlaubnis von Rechteinhabern oder gesetzliche Schrankenregelungen angewiesen. Es existieren bereits gesetzliche Schrankenregelungen für Forschung und Lehre (z.B. art. L. 122-5, 3°, e) Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) und §§ 52a, 53 Urheberrechtsgesetz (UrhG)). Allerdings sind sie unzureichend, um E-Universitäten ihre Aufgabenerfüllung zu ermöglichen. Deswegen entschieden die nationalen Gesetzgeber, neue Schrankenregelungen speziell für die Nutzung von IKT im Bereich der Forschung und Lehre einzuführen (art. L. 122-5, 10° und art. L. 342-3, 5° CPI und §§ 60a-60h UrhG). Auch die EU-Kommission schlug eine entsprechende Änderung des Unionsrechts vor (Art. 3 und 4 des Vorschlags für eine Richtlinie über das Urheberrecht im digitalen Binnenmarkt). In diesem Zusammenhang erscheint es erstrebenswert, die Einführung einer open Regelung nach dem fair-use-Prinzip in das europäische Recht zu diskutieren. Trotz der Rechtsunsicherheit in dieser Frage haben E-Universitäten niemals aufgehört, ihre Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Vielmehr hat die akademische Gemeinschaft enorme Anstrengungen unternommen, durch eigene Dispositionen den Zugang und die Nachnutzung von Ressourcen zu ermöglichen. Inspiriert durch die traditionellen Werte des Ethos der Wissenschaft, wurde das Open Science Konzept geschaffen, um den Zugang zu Forschungsdaten (Open Research Data), wissenschaftlicher Literatur (Open Access) und Bildungsressourcen (Open Educational Resources) zu fördern. Danach ist Wissen eine Allmende, seine Nachnutzbarkeit wird durch Standards, die von der akademischen Gemeinschaft akzeptiert werden, garantiert. Diese Standards sind in öffentlichen (public) Lizenzen, wie beispielsweise Creative Commons, kodifiziert. In den letzten Jahren haben sich nicht allein Universitäten, sonst auch Agenturen für Forschungsförderung und sogar nationale Gesetzgeber aktiv in der Förderung des öffentlichen Wissensschatzes engagiert. Dieses Engagement wurde deutlich im Rahmen vieler Open-Access-Mandaten und der Einführung eines neuen Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht, das zunächst Eingang in das deutsche (§ 38 Abs. 4 UrhG) und kürzlich auch in das französische Recht (art. L. 533-4, I Code de la recherche) fand
Alliot, Sandie. "Essai de qualification de la notion de données à caractère personnel." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCB001.
Full textPersonal data has undergone a major change which justifies a new study of this notion. This particular data is at the heart of the digital economy and thus stirs numerous claims. What is at stake here is to try to work out a balance between different claims such as managing operators' will of appropriation and protecting people concerned by the data, for example. This is why it is essential to find a precise definition and adequate qualifications of personal data to find a balance between the various interests. The thesis will focus on the necessity to adopt a new vision of personal data, to show its current characteristics so as to manage it efficiently
Claude, Grégory. "Modélisation de documents et recherche de points communs - Proposition d'un framework de gestion de fiches d'anomalie pour faciliter les maintenances corrective et préventive." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701752.
Full textMecorrapaj, Cani Xhyher. "Le canon de Scanderbeg au coeur du coutumier albanais." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100016.
Full textThe research on the canon law is an important aspect of the study of the history of Albanian people, particularly of their culture. Its evolution over the centuries has also been expressed in unwritten norms, inherited generation after generation, which reflect the socio-economic situation of different regions during the past periods and which in Albania were given the name of Greek-Byzantine origin”kanun” (canon).We know the Canon of Scanderbeg, the Canon of Dukagini, the Canon of Malsia e Madhe and of the Laberia. As early as the beginning of the XIXth century in the context of the research on the research on the Albanian history, language and culture, the first studies undertaken by foreign albanologists on the ethnocultural traditions became apparent.Among them, there were travelers and diplomats, as; Lik, Pukvil, A. Bue, Hekard, who fokuced genuine on the customary law. By the middle of the 19tth century an important step was made in this direction by the Austrian consul J.G Han who made known to the scientific world, the customary law and its institutions, the ancient character of which, as he pointed and was closely linked which the origin of the Albanian people.Han made an introduction of the law of the Mountains of the Canon of Scanderbeg which operated in Mat and Diber. In this wide territory lay in the past the principality of the Kastriots, whose memory, besides the documents is also preserved in numerous legends and toponyms, which Albanian people devoted to Scanderbeg. In this territory there exists a very detailed variant of the Canon, which Albanian people call the Canon of Scanderbeg. This canon contains similar fundamental principles of canonical law, but in the traces of its development, we also come across alien influences, especially those of the Sheriat
Girard, Chantale. "Écriture et peinture, lieux communs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq26830.pdf.
Full textRoelants, Hervé. "Lieux communs, actes de presence." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20066.
Full textThis theoretical and practical work is based on three postulates : the picture is the emblematic figure of art ; it has lost its viability and its credibility ; any plastic assemblage is also an ideological form. Therefore : no work of art can escape to its context, the principle of its autonomy is questionned ; the work of art takes part in a plastic assemblage and appears in public space (common ground), hence it is political : its set-up is an ideological structure. The frame of a picture is a political construction against reality. It is also found in the theatricality of works of art in museums, and in the notion of art as an autonomous category. Its principle negates the world and neutralises any subversion the work may produce, by locking it into the category. A succession of frames guarantees the entropy of culture as an auto-referring system. To act in the materiality of the world implies a transgression and the building of an other assemblage. One would then risk the disappearance of the work of art. A fragile, ephemeral or site-specific work is only relevant in a precise context, but it may then gain a critical power with regard to that context. The autonomy of the artist and that of the work of art are inversely proportional : if the work is autonomous, it is neutralised. Otherwise, the artist acts in the public and material time and space. He is responsible for his assemblages. An ethic becomes necessary. Every plastic activity faces the temptation of abandoning the compromised art world, and intervenes in culture, where our society's values are negociated. Ephemeral and fragile, critical works can bring a subversion into cultural categories fixing time and space. "common grounds, acts of presence" defends a doubt, on the fringe of disappearance
Girard, Chantale. "Écriture et peinture : lieux communs /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1998. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLi, Yubing. "Analyse de vitesse par migration quantitative dans les domaines images et données pour l’imagerie sismique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM002/document.
Full textActive seismic experiments are widely used to characterize the structure of the subsurface. Migration Velocity Analysis techniques aim at recovering the background velocity model controlling the kinematics of wave propagation. The first step consists of obtaining the reflectivity images by migrating observed data in a given macro velocity model. The estimated model is then updated, assessing the quality of the background velocity model through the image coherency or focusing criteria. Classical migration techniques, however, do not provide a sufficiently accurate reflectivity image, leading to incorrect velocity updates. Recent investigations propose to couple the asymptotic inversion, which can remove migration artifacts in practice, to velocity analysis in the subsurface-offset domain for better robustness. This approach requires large memory and cannot be currently extended to 3D. In this thesis, I propose to transpose the strategy to the more conventional common-shot migration based velocity analysis. I analyze how the approach can deal with complex models, in particular with the presence of low velocity anomaly zones or discontinuous reflectivities. Additionally, it requires less memory than its counterpart in the subsurface-offset domain. I also propose to extend Inversion Velocity Analysis to the data-domain, leading to a more linearized inverse problem than classic waveform inversion. I establish formal links between data-fitting principle and image coherency criteria by comparing the new approach to other reflection-based waveform inversion techniques. The methodologies are developed and analyzed on 2D synthetic data sets
Li, Yubing. "Analyse de vitesse par migration quantitative dans les domaines images et données pour l’imagerie sismique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM002.
Full textActive seismic experiments are widely used to characterize the structure of the subsurface. Migration Velocity Analysis techniques aim at recovering the background velocity model controlling the kinematics of wave propagation. The first step consists of obtaining the reflectivity images by migrating observed data in a given macro velocity model. The estimated model is then updated, assessing the quality of the background velocity model through the image coherency or focusing criteria. Classical migration techniques, however, do not provide a sufficiently accurate reflectivity image, leading to incorrect velocity updates. Recent investigations propose to couple the asymptotic inversion, which can remove migration artifacts in practice, to velocity analysis in the subsurface-offset domain for better robustness. This approach requires large memory and cannot be currently extended to 3D. In this thesis, I propose to transpose the strategy to the more conventional common-shot migration based velocity analysis. I analyze how the approach can deal with complex models, in particular with the presence of low velocity anomaly zones or discontinuous reflectivities. Additionally, it requires less memory than its counterpart in the subsurface-offset domain. I also propose to extend Inversion Velocity Analysis to the data-domain, leading to a more linearized inverse problem than classic waveform inversion. I establish formal links between data-fitting principle and image coherency criteria by comparing the new approach to other reflection-based waveform inversion techniques. The methodologies are developed and analyzed on 2D synthetic data sets
Blocteur, Marie. "Les principes communs de la justice internationale." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010255.
Full textGaume, Bernard. "La Gestion des fonds communs de placement." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376053201.
Full textBlin, Marion. "Mécanismes de l'instabilité des sites fragiles communs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066063.
Full textCommon Fragile Sites (CFSs) are loci displaying instability upon replicative stress, which localization correlates with chromosomal rearrangements in tumours. CFSs are associated with the largest genes of the genome and it has been proposed that their transcription leads to DNA breaks. However, many transcribed large genes are not fragile. Our laboratory proposed an alternative model in which CFS instability results from a specific replication program, combining late replication with paucity in initiation events. To reconcile the two models, we hypothesized that transcription impacts the replication programs. In order to characterize those potential relationships, I manipulated the transcription of two large genes associated with CFSs and determined the consequences of these manipulations on replication and fragility. I used chicken DT40 cells to perform these analyses because this cellular model allows efficient engineering of specific DNA sequences by homologous recombination. Surprisingly, I observed that increasing or suppressing transcription of large gene both lead to a decrease fragility. I then analyzed clones displaying variable transcription levels. I determined the distribution and density of initiation event, using molecular combing at two loci, as well as the profiles of replication timing along the genes. I showed that a massive overexpression of two large genes led to an earlier replication timing. Overall, my results highlight the opposite effects of transcription on genome stability, which range from beneficial to deleterious depending on the expression level of large genes associated with CFSs
Blin, Marion. "Mécanismes de l'instabilité des sites fragiles communs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066063.
Full textCommon Fragile Sites (CFSs) are loci displaying instability upon replicative stress, which localization correlates with chromosomal rearrangements in tumours. CFSs are associated with the largest genes of the genome and it has been proposed that their transcription leads to DNA breaks. However, many transcribed large genes are not fragile. Our laboratory proposed an alternative model in which CFS instability results from a specific replication program, combining late replication with paucity in initiation events. To reconcile the two models, we hypothesized that transcription impacts the replication programs. In order to characterize those potential relationships, I manipulated the transcription of two large genes associated with CFSs and determined the consequences of these manipulations on replication and fragility. I used chicken DT40 cells to perform these analyses because this cellular model allows efficient engineering of specific DNA sequences by homologous recombination. Surprisingly, I observed that increasing or suppressing transcription of large gene both lead to a decrease fragility. I then analyzed clones displaying variable transcription levels. I determined the distribution and density of initiation event, using molecular combing at two loci, as well as the profiles of replication timing along the genes. I showed that a massive overexpression of two large genes led to an earlier replication timing. Overall, my results highlight the opposite effects of transcription on genome stability, which range from beneficial to deleterious depending on the expression level of large genes associated with CFSs
Akgun, Oguzhan. "Dépendance inter-individuelle sur panels hétérogènes : estimation, inférence et prévision." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020008.
Full textThe availability of panel data sets with comparable and large time and individual dimensions is rapidly increasing. This structure offers new possibilities to understand and characterize cross-sectional dependence. This thesis makes three contributions to the recent literature dealing with large heterogeneous panel data sets with cross-sectional dependence. The first chapter deals with estimation, inference and forecasting issues focusing on the comparison of heterogeneous, homogeneous and partially homogeneous panel data estimators in presence of cross-sectional dependence modeled by spatial error dependence and common factors. In the second chapter novel tests for equal predictive ability in panels of forecasts are proposed, allowing for different types and strength of cross-sectional dependence across units. Finally, the third chapter focuses on forecasts obtained using iterated and direct methods. A special emphasis is put on the predictors which contain terms related to interactions between panel units. Inflation forecasts for the OECD countries are compared empirically. The results show the importance of taking common factors into account to predict inflation
Romero, Julien. "Harvesting commonsense and hidden knowledge from web services." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT032.
Full textIn this thesis, we harvest knowledge of two different types from online resources . The first one is commonsense knowledge, i.e. intuitive knowledge shared by most people like ``the sky is blue''. We extract salient statements from query logs and question-answering by carefully designing question patterns. Next, we validate our statements by querying other web sources such as Wikipedia, Google Books, or image tags from Flickr. We aggregate these signals to create a final score for each statement. We obtain a knowledge base, QUASIMODO, which, compared to its competitors, has better precision and captures more salient facts.The other kind of knowledge we investigate is hidden knowledge, i.e. knowledge not directly given by a data provider. More concretely, some Web services allow accessing the data only through predefined access functions. To answer a user query, we have to combine different such access functions, i.e., we have to rewrite the query in terms of the functions. We study two different scenarios: In the first scenario, the access functions have the shape of a path, the knowledge base respects constraints called ``Unary Inclusion Dependencies'', and the query is atomic. We show that the problem is decidable in polynomial time, and we provide an algorithm with theoretical evidence. In the second scenario, we remove the constraints and create a new class of relevant plans called "smart plans". We show that it is decidable to find these plans and we provide an algorithm
Dridi, Mohammed Tahar. "Contribution à l'étude de certains problèmes relatifs aux ordres linéaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10132.
Full textPeut-on trouver un ensemble d'ordres totaux distincts, pondères par des poids réels positifs telles que la somme des poids des ordres qui placent l'alternative i avant l'alternative j soit précisément égale a la valeur numérique donnée associée au couple forme par les alternatives i puis j ?
Notre contribution à ce problème a apporté des résultats et des point de vues originaux et a conduit à de nouvelles questions que nous avons pu résoudre
Hayat, Flora. "Production des biens communs numériques et usages cartographiques." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7135.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the commercial cartographic use of the OpenStreetMap (OSM) free database. The use of a database produced by anonymous contributors, possibly not experts in geographical information (GI) and not bound by any quality commitment, raises questions. This new situation reveals major public interest issues such as the access to GIs. Each contributor strives to follow the same methods, developed collectively, to describe permanent objects in the public space while collecting information that is of interest in their practice. We point out that the database presents strong heterogeneity in data quality and density according to the types of territory. From this observation we explain that the production of maps, taking as source OSM, is possible when the entire technical and social system of the OSM community is taken into account in the creation process. Therefore we are therefore studying the ecosystem that supports this production and the dissemination’s methods of the database. Our analyses allow us to foresee either a future that respects the project or, on the contrary, its alienation. Our research was conducted as part of a corporate contract, so we were led to question the paradigm shift related to cartographic design and the realization of a contributory database, free (in its modeling and production) and distributed under an open license, while respecting the tacit agreement between the map reader and its producer that editorial selection is not dictated by an information deficit
Meersman, Jimmy. "Contribution à une théorie juridique des biens communs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0042.
Full textThere are few areas - environmental, cultural, social, or even economic - that are not examined through the prism of the commons. This new interest in the commons can be explained by the significant evolution of the 21st century society, which questions the right of ownership. However, the analysis shows that, whatever the period, the modern model of property rights - public or private - is always characterized by the exclusive control of the property by its owner. In the current context of social change, this model has its limits and appears inadequate for certain needs.At the same time, the debate on the commons has gained momentum. For some academics, the commons appear to be able to provide a response to the inadequacy of the right of ownership, within the framework of a necessary legal evolution. The commons are the subject of debate in academic circles, but are still ignored by French law and are not subject to any legal definition. However, they are addressed by the law of certain foreign states. They are also addressed by many disciplines, first and foremost economics. The thinking of Elinor Ostrom, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics for her work on the subject, is fundamental. Because of these particularities, a specific research methodology has been set up, combining conceptualism and empiricism.A legal theory of the commons was thus proposed. What characterizes the commons is their allocation - to the production, preservation, and distribution of collective utilities - within the framework of collective governance. This allocation conditions the appliable law, of a new kind, and confers rights and obligations other than the traditional ones. In this respect, the commons constitute a new legal category
Naoues, Malek. "Management d'opérateurs communs dans les architectures de terminaux multistandards." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931390.
Full textHajjar, Mohyedine. "Les fonds communs de placement islamiques en droit libanais." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D081.
Full textAny attempt to introduce lslamic finance in civil law requires an analytical approach comparing Islamic law and civil law. Islamic management services rely on types of contracts, which do not exist in civil law: namely the mudâraba and the wakâla. These agency agreements differ from the general scheme of mutual funds as the exhibit a marked difference with the civil Iaw mandate contract. In order to allow these contracts, the current regime of mutual fonds must be amended by creating a representation committee of subscribers. Classification of the mutual funds by the Lebanese and French legislators as joint ownership sound well to Islamic doctrine. Even a detailed analysis of the ownership and joint ownership regimes proves there is no fundamental difference between civil Jaw and Islamic law in this matter. However, the fund’s ownership regime is close to what is called "special-purpose assets" in the civil law doctrine. This classification is unacceptable in Islamic law, which has a persona! theory of patrimony. Our conceptualization of the regime of a legal concept of Islamic law called Jiha make it possible to acknowledge the notions of special purpose assets and legal personality in Islamic law. Islamic management services put strong requirements on the governance of the funds and additional duties for the agent. Islamic management services require the presence of specialized entities monitoring compliance of management to Islamic law: such specific entity does not exist in practice. Islamic management services then leads to a "screening" of securities. Le1rnl analysis of Islamic screening el a borates the legal basis of this screening
Rey, Amandine. "Liens entre mémoire et perception : vers des mécanismes communs." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20076/document.
Full textIn everyday life, each of us is constantly processing perceptual input from the environment, we collect and then integrate numerous items of sensory information (Calvert & Thesen, 2004). Alongside these perceptual activities, knowledge related to our environment is continually "recovered" from memory. Embodied cognition and grounded cognition theories suggest that cognitive processes (e.g., memory processes, language processes) are grounded in the same sensory-motor systems as those used in perceptual and motor processes (Glenberg, 1997 ; Slotnick, 2004 ; Pecher & Zwaan, 2005).Memory is composed of sensorimotor traces encoded during the several experiences of an individual in his environment (Versace et al., 2009). A large number of studies in cognitive psychology and neurosciences demonstrated that knowledge is constructed and (re)emerged from the activation of neural systems typically associated with perceptual-motor mechanisms. The contents and the functioning of our memory are intrinsically linked to our past and present sensorimotor activities. To be effective, knowledge involved in our cognitive activities must be closely linked to the actual situation. This ability to adapt to specific situations would not be possible unless knowledge, including conceptual knowledge, is derived from the reactivation of memory traces of past experiences (Barsalou, 2008 ; Versace et al., 2014). Conversely, sensorimotor activities are totally dependent on memory traces of past sensorimotor experiences. Thus, the difference between perception and memory is that, in the former, properties are perceptually present, whereas, in the latter, they are absent but reactivated. This PhD research focused on the link between memory and perception and, more precisely, aims to provide arguments in favor of the similarity of memory and perceptual processes that result from the activation of components of same sensorimotor nature. We tested the hypothesis that perceptual effects should be observed with reactivated components in memory. We used well-known perceptual effects (such as masking effect or perceptual bias invisual illusion) to investigate the possibility to replicate these effects by replacing the sensorial present components by reactivated components in memory
Kuntz-Sliwa, Laure. "Optimisation de la configuration multicapteurs donnée : fusion pixel." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT023H.
Full textHarter, Jonathan. "Martingales sur les variétés de valeur terminale donnée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0074/document.
Full textDefined several decades ago, martingales in manifolds are very canonical objects. About these objects very simple questions are still unresolved. For instance, given a random variable with values in a complete manifold and a continuous filtration (one with respect to which all real-valued martingales admit a continuous version), does there exist a continuous martingale in the manifold with terminal value given by this random variable ? What about semimartingales with prescribed drift and terminal value ? The main aim of this thesis is to provide answers to these questions. Under convex geometry assumption, answers are given in the articles of Kendall (1990), Picard (1991), Picard (1994), Darling (1995) or Arnaudon (1997). The case of semimartingales was widely treated by Blache (2004). The martingales in the manifolds make it possible to define the barycenters associated to a filtration, which are sometimes simpler to compute than the usual barycenters or averages, and which have an associative property. They are strongly related to control theory, stochastic optimization, and backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). Solving the problem with geometric arguments also gives tools for solving multidimensional quadratic EDSRs.During the thesis, two methods have been used for studying the problem of existence of a martingale with prescribed terminal value. The first one is based on a stochastic algorithm. The random variable that we try to reach will be deformed into a $mcC^1$-family $xi(a)$, and we deal with the following newer problem: does there exist a martingale $X(a)$ with terminal value $xi(a)$ ? A shooting method, using the same kind of principle as the deterministic geodesic shooting, will be used with respect to a parameter $a$ towards $xi(a)$.The second one is the resolution of a multidimensional quadratic BSDE. The aim of this part will be to adapt to the multidimensional framework a recent strategy developed by Briand and Elie (2013) to treat multidimensional quadratic BSDEs. This new approach makes it possible to rediscover the results obtained by different methods. Beyond the unification, this new approach paves the way for potential future works
Zarebski, David. "Ontologie naturalisée et ingénierie des connaissances." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H232/document.
Full text«What do I need to know about something to know it ?». It is no wonder that such a general, hard to grasp and riddle-like question remained the exclusive domain of a single discipline for centuries : Philosophy. In this context, the distinction of the primitive components of reality – the so called "world’s furniture" – and their relations is called an Ontology. This book investigates the emergence of similar questions in two different though related fields, namely : Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Engineering. We show here that the way these disciplines apply an ontological methodology to either cognition or knowledge representation is not a mere analogy but raises a bunch of relevant questions and challenges from both an applied and a speculative point of view. More specifically, we suggest that some of the technical answers to the issues addressed by Big Data invite us to revisit many traditional philosophical positions concerning the role of language or common sense reasoning in the thought or the existence of mind-independent structure in reality
Morin, Christophe. "Au service du château : l'architecture des communs au XVIIIe siècle /." Paris : Publ. de la Sorbonne, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016693067&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textMarceau, Jean-François. "Propriété de maintien des facteurs communs dans le cas An." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9712.
Full textPIERRE, PILON PILON MARTINE. "Terre promise et lieux communs : essai sur l'esthetique du voyage." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010585.
Full textLa, Mache Denis. "Lieux communs : ethnologie de l'art d'habiter un grand ensemble H.L.M." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0222.
Full textPierre-Pilon, Martine. "Terre promise et lieux communs essai sur l'esthétique du voyage /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617561v.
Full textHoareau, Muriel Cédelle-Joubert Laure. "Coopération, projets communs, réseaux les bibliothèques italiennes des fonds patrimoniaux /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/hoareau.pdf.
Full textBouhadjera, Hakima. "Recherche de points fixes communs sous diverses conditions de compatibilité." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2002.
Full textThis work consists of five parts and is focused on studying the existence and uniqueness of common fixed point for mappings which have low properties. In the first part of this work, we improve a common fixed point theorem for four compatible mappings of Jha K. , Pant H. P. And Singh, by giving a theorem with weaker conditions. Also, we give a second theorem which is an extension of the first theorem using an infinite number of mappings of Meir-Keeler type. In the second part, we extend some common fixed point theorems for single-valued mappings given by some authors as Mbarki, Aliouche and Popa, Pathak H. , Cho Y. , Kang S. And Madharia B, to single and multi-valued mappings of general type, type of Gregus and near-contractive type mappings using few conditions such as we removed the compactness required on the space in the papers of Aliouche and Popa, go we did not require continuity on any of these four mappings by using the conditions strictly contractive (2. 2) and (2. 3) which are considered more general than the inequalities cited in the earlier papers, we also weakened the definitions relating to the compatibility, compatibility of type (A), of type (C), of type (P) and weak compatibility by the occasional weak compatibility. In the third part, first, we extend several theorems given in Djoudi and Khems, Elamrani and Mehdaoui, Pathak, Tiwari and Khan to multivalued mappings by using the integral type. Then, we give two theorems for single-valued mappings which improve results of Aage and Salunke since we removed the assumptions of inclusion and continuity requirements on mappings by using occasional weak compatibility and obtain results in a set endowed with a symmetric instead of a complete metric space. In the penultimate section, we establish two new concepts: the super-weakly compatibility and the sub-sequential continuity. These definitions are weaker than occasional weak compatibility and reciprocal continuity, respectively. By using these new concepts, we can give different theorems of single-valued mappings in metric spaces. In the fifth and last part, we also introduce a new concept of the occasionally biaised compatibility. This definition is very general and the lowest at this time with regard to different types of compatibility given before counting the compatibility weakly biased and that occasional weak. We also have given some theorems winch extend in particular the results given by Ciric and Ume and also Shahzad and Sahar
Lesniak, Christophe. "Microprogrammation en langage évolué." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066606.
Full textChah, Said. "Nouvelles techniques de codage d'association et de classification." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066097.
Full textBriand, Anne-Sarah. "Fouille de données billettiques pour l'analyse de la mobilité dans les transports en commun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1235/document.
Full textTicketing logs are being increasingly used to analyse mobility in public transport. The spatial and temporal richness as well as the volume of these data make them useful for understanding passenger habits and predicting origin-destination flows. Information on the operations carried out on the transportation network can also be extracted in order to detect atypical events (or anomalies), such as an unusual increase or decrease in the number of validations.This thesis focuses on developing new tools to process ticketing log data. We are particularly interested in two challenges that seem to be not yet fully resolved in the literature: help with data quality as well as the modeling and monitoring of passengers' temporal habits.One of the main challenges in data quality is the construction of a robust methodology capable of detecting atypical situations in any context (day of the week, holidays, public holidays, etc.). To this end, two steps were deployed, namely clustering for context estimation and detection of anomalies. The evaluation of the proposed methodology is conducted on a real dataset collected on the Rennes public transport network. By cross-comparing the obtained results with the social and cultural events of the city, it is possible to assess the impact of these events on transport demand, in terms, of severity and spatial influence on neighboring stations.The second part of the thesis focuses on the modeling and the tracking of the temporal activity of passengers. A Gaussian mixture model is proposed to partition passengers into clusters according to the hours they use public transport. The originality of the methodology compared to existing approaches lies in obtaining continuous time profiles in order to finely describe the time routines of each passenger cluster. Cluster memberships are also cross-referenced with passenger data (card type) to obtain a more accurate description of each cluster. The cluster membership over the years has also been analyzed in order to study how the use of transport evolves
Abella, Rubio José María. "La división de la cosa común en el código civil /." Madrid : Editorial Dykinson, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401077635.
Full textPeneranda, Adrien. "Commons et management public du patrimoine culturel à l'ère numérique : étude de cas de production et de diffusion des données culturelles sur des plateformes libres par les villes de Toulouse, Brest et Monmouth." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1102.
Full textThe objective of this research is to understand the logic of collective action which contributes to create value through usage for public intangibles goods like cultural intangible heritage and public data. These informational resources are shared today between public institutions and civil society through innovating and unexplored Public-Private partnerships with open source communities. This doctorate project aims to identify the design principles and governance processes of inter-organizational information systems which enhance cooperation between actors and add a usage value to the intangibles hold by the state
Jerbi, Khaled. "Synthèse Matérielle Haut Niveau des Programmes Flot de Donnée RVC." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827163.
Full textBame, Ndiouma. "Gestion de donnée complexes pour la modélisation de niche écologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066125/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns large scale biodiversity data management. Its objectives are to optimize queries for researchers who have free access to biodiversity worldwide data. These data which are shared by worldwide research laboratories are federated in GBIF data warehouse. GBIF makes accessible its data to researchers, policy makers and general public. With a significant amount of data and a rapid growth of data and users that express new needs, the GBIF portal is facing a double problem of expressiveness of queries and of efficiency. Thus, we propose a decentralized solution for biodiversity data interrogation. Our solution combines the resources of several of remote and limited machines to provide the needed computing and storage power to ensure system responsiveness for users. It also provides high-level query interface which is more expressive for users. Then, we propose a dynamic data distribution on demand approach. This approach which is based on data properties and characteristics of users analysis queries adapts dynamically machines capacities to users demands. Then, we propose a queries optimization approach that adapts dynamically data placement and machines loads according to performances in order to process users queries within deadlines. We experimentally validated our solution with real GBIF data concerning 100 million observation data
Bame, Ndiouma. "Gestion de donnée complexes pour la modélisation de niche écologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066125.
Full textThis thesis concerns large scale biodiversity data management. Its objectives are to optimize queries for researchers who have free access to biodiversity worldwide data. These data which are shared by worldwide research laboratories are federated in GBIF data warehouse. GBIF makes accessible its data to researchers, policy makers and general public. With a significant amount of data and a rapid growth of data and users that express new needs, the GBIF portal is facing a double problem of expressiveness of queries and of efficiency. Thus, we propose a decentralized solution for biodiversity data interrogation. Our solution combines the resources of several of remote and limited machines to provide the needed computing and storage power to ensure system responsiveness for users. It also provides high-level query interface which is more expressive for users. Then, we propose a dynamic data distribution on demand approach. This approach which is based on data properties and characteristics of users analysis queries adapts dynamically machines capacities to users demands. Then, we propose a queries optimization approach that adapts dynamically data placement and machines loads according to performances in order to process users queries within deadlines. We experimentally validated our solution with real GBIF data concerning 100 million observation data
Cuppens, Frédéric. "Comment fournir des réponses coopératives aux requêtes à une base de données." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0014.
Full textPetit, Renaud Simon. "Application de la théorie des croyances et des systèmes flous à l'estimation fonctionnelle en présence d'informations incertaines ou imprécises." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1237.
Full textVincent, Bruno. "La maladie d'Alzheimer et les pathologies à prion : dénominateurs communs et différences." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00170285.
Full textCelati, Benedetta. "La contribution juridique à l’alternative des communs dans une approche macro-institutionnelle." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0095.
Full textThe thesis, developed within the framework of an international co-direction agreement between the University of Paris Est Marne-La-Vallée, in France, and the University of Pise, in Italy, aims to explore the impact of instruments for financing Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS), understood as a social and econonomic model anchored in the paradigm of the "commons", in relation to her capacity for social transformation, in France and in Italy. The study will be based on the approch of Institutional economics and will focus on the importance of the legal development for the affirmation of the diversity of the economic systems and institutions. As a doctoral candidate in law at the University of Pise in co-direction with the University of Paris Est in the field of economics, I propose to improve the legal research with further researches in other disciplines. The hypothesis will be tested by field studies in France and in Italy
Charpentier, Pierre-Yves. "L'autonomie professionnelle des époux communs en biens : étude comparative, historique et critique." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020003.
Full textAibinu, John. "Les trois essais sur les actifs bancaires : Points communs et risque systémique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0085.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the impact of bank asset commonality on systemic risk. This study examines the impact of asset portfolio overlap on systemic risk in large U.S. BHCs. Results reveal a U-shaped relationship between asset commonality, individual probability of default, and systemic risk among banks. Lower asset commonality is linked to reduced risk, while higher commonality is detrimental to financial stability. Investigating liquid and illiquid assets confirms the U-shaped relationship. Our results further emphasize the importance of maintaining low asset commonality for financial stability during normal and crisis periods, as well as for banks with shorter funding maturities. The second chapter studies the impact of asset commonality on systemic risk under varying degrees of implementation of macroprudential policies using a cross-country sample. The primary objective of macroprudential policy is to reduce bank’s exposure to systemic risk arising from excessive credit growth, correlated failures, and other common exposures. However, the implementation of such policies may inadvertently contribute to an increase in bank common holdings as they attempt to engage in risk-shifting strategies. The findings indicate that asset commonality increases exposure to systemic risk under higher implementation of quantity and financial institution-targeted macroprudential policies. This occurs as banks shift their risks to different asset classes or portfolios, consequently elevating their vulnerability to systemic risk. The third chapter examines the impact of the similarity of banks environmental behavior on systemic risk using a cross-country sample.The findings indicate a U-shaped relationship between the similarity of bank environmental behavior and systemic risk among banks. Our result reveals that the similarity of banks environmental behavior is positively associated with systemic risk under a low environmental policy index. Also, under a low green macroprudential policy, the commonality of banks environmental behavior is associated with higher systemic risk
Goeta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045/document.
Full textAs more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility
Gorkavy, Vasil. "Reconstruction de sous-variétés de l'espace euclidien d'image de Gauss donnée." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077070.
Full textPéron, Hélène Laroux Marie-Noëlle. "La création d'un service commun de la documentation un projet pour l'IUFM de l'académie de Reims /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/ppp/pppperon.pdf.
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