Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Community title'

This thesis contends that; in mainstream rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, use of community title guidelines for sub-division should consider social processes and environmental considerations along-side economic imperatives and interactions. Community title is a form of land tenure that allows for private freehold ownership of land as well as community owned land within the one sub-division. In New South Wales, community title was introduced in 1990 under the Community Land Development Act 1989 (NSW) and the Community Land Management Act 1989 (NSW). Since the introduction of community title, upwards of one hundred and fifty developments, ranging from just a few blocks to the size of small suburbs, have been approved throughout the state. The original aim of community title was to provide a legal framework that underpinned theme-based broad-acre development. Themebased development could include a Permaculture© village, a rural retreat for likeminded equine enthusiasts, or even a medieval village. Community title is also seen as an expedient form of land tenure for both developers and shire councils. Under community title, a developer only has to submit a single development application for a multi-stage development. This can significantly reduce a developer's exposure to risk. From a shire council's perspective, common land and resources within a development, which would otherwise revert to council responsibility for management, becomes the collective responsibility of all the land owners within the development, effectively obviating council from any responsibility for management of that land. Community title is also being touted in planning and policy as a way of achieving 'sustainable' environmental management in new subdivisions. The apparent expediency of community title has meant that development under these guidelines has very quickly moved beyond theme-based development into mainstream rural residential development. Community title effectively provides a framework for participatory governance of these developments. The rules governing a community title development are set out in the management statement, which is submitted to the local council and the state government with the development application. A community association, which includes all lot owners, manages the development. Unless written into the original development application, the council has no role in the management of the common land and resources. This thesis looks at the peri-urban zone around one of Australia's fastest growing cities - Canberra, whose population growth and relative affluence is impacting on rural residential activity in the shires surrounding the Australian Capital Territory. Yarrowlumla Shire, immediately adjacent to the ACT, has experienced a 362 percent increase in population since 1971. Much of this growth has been in the form of rural residential or hobby farm development. Since 1990, about fifteen percent of the development in Yarrowlumla Shire has been community title. The Yass Shire, to the north of the ACT, has shown a forty five percent population increase since 1971. Community title in that shire has accounted for over fifty percent of development since 1990. The thesis case study is set in Yass Shire. The major research question addressed in the thesis is; does community title, within the context of rural residential development around the Australian Capital Territory, facilitate community-based environmental management and education? Subsidiary questions are; what are the issues in and around rural residential developments within the context of the study, who are the stakeholders and what role do they play and; what skills and support are required to facilitate community-based environmental management and education within the context of the study area? To answer the research questions I undertook an interpretive case study, using ethnographic methods, of rural residential development near the village of Murrumbateman in the Yass Shire, thirty kilometres north of Canberra. At the time of the study, which was undertaken in 1996, the developments involved had been established for about four years. The case study revealed that, as a result of stakeholders and residents not being prepared for the management implications of community title, un-necessary conflict was created between residents and between residents and stakeholders. Community-based environmental management issues were not considered until these issues of conflict were addressed and residents had spent enough time in the estates to familiarise themselves with their environment and with each other. Once residents realised that decisions made by the community association could affect them, there developed a desire to participate in the process of management. Eventually, earlier obstacles were overcome and a sense of community began to develop through involvement in the community association. As residents became more involved, the benefits of having ownership of the community association began to emerge. However, this research found that management of a broad acre rural residential development under community title was far more complicated than any of the stakeholders, or any but the most legally minded residents, were prepared for.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
My dissertation examines the community integration outcomes of formerly homeless Veterans housed under the Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) program. HUD-VASH provides homeless Veterans with affordable housing subsidies and supportive services, including non-mandated linkages to healthcare. The program functions under two types of housing vouchers: vouchers used in buildings designated for persons with subsidized housing (project-based) and vouchers used for market rate rentals in the community (tenant-based). HUD-VASH is the largest permanent supportive housing (PSH) program in the nation, with over 86,000 vouchers (~6% project-based) awarded through fiscal year 2017 and 100,000 Veterans housed since the program's inception. Research suggests that persons in PSH have limited success in community integration, which has important implications for health, substance use, subjective well-being, and housing retention. My research provides an understanding of how role of multiple factors - individual characteristics, service utilization, housing choice, and neighborhood quality - impact formerly homeless individuals' community integration process, i.e. how they function in their new communities including their relationships with others, ability to maintain independent living, and engagement in vocational activities. My dissertation uses mixed methods to understand housing placement of HUD-VASH participants in Los Angeles County and their community integration outcomes once housed. This dissertation is made up of three manuscripts; (1) Paper one provides an overview of housing models under the HUD-VASH program including a description of socio-demographics, clinical diagnoses, service utilization patterns, and neighborhood quality of project based and tenant based voucher types; (2) Paper two uses quantitative analysis to identify factors, including personal characteristics, voucher type (i.e., project and tenant-based), and service utilization, that mediate community integration outcomes (i.e. employment, community adjustment, and housing retention); and (3) Paper three provides a qualitative analysis of VA staff and HUD-VASH participants' perspectives of the roles of housing type (project-based vs. tenant-based), neighborhood characteristics, and social networks on participants' community integration.
by Melissa Chinchilla.
Ph. D.

Calls for educational technology integration over more than thirty years have taken on new urgency in an era of computerized assessments for accountability. As Internet Communication Technology (ICT) becomes more widely available, the digital divide is evolving into a digital use divide, characterized by differences between students’ productive uses of technology to create and communicate compared with passive uses for entertainment or skills practice. A growing body of research points to the important interplay among teachers’ frames of reference, school-level context, and alignment of supports in creating conditions for technology innovation. Meanwhile Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) hold potential as leverage points for affecting teacher beliefs and practices regarding technology use. This study analyzes interactions among a group of teacher leaders participating in a tech PLC at a school on the verge of becoming a technology-focused school. Analysis of the group’s natural discourse points to important elements of teacher talk and shared resources that contribute to aligning the group’s goals and practices when innovating with technology. It also illustrates how alignment between meso-level and micro-level context factors help to facilitate teachers’ ability to innovate in ways that have the potential to address the digital use divide.

Title IX was enacted over 40 years ago, and although there have been marked increases in the number of girls and women participating in athletics at every level, gender equity in athletics continues to be a concern. This is especially evident at the community college level. Title IX requires equity in the areas of opportunities for participation, opportunities for financial aid, and equity in benefits and services. This study sought to ascertain perceptions of equity held by community college coaches of women’s teams. A cross-sectional design was used to survey coaches from all regions of the NJCAA who were listed in the National Directory of in regard to their perceptions of equity in opportunities for participation, opportunities for scholarships, awareness and understanding of Title IX and related compliance issues, including whistleblower protection, and their level of comfort in discussing gender equity issues with supervisors. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences in perceptions regarding gender equity in terms of opportunities for participation, opportunities for financial aid by means of athletic scholarships, benefits and services, awareness and understanding and level of comfort in discussing perceptions regarding gender equity issues or Title IX non-compliance based on gender, years’ experience coaching, sport coached and region, although effect sizes for each analysis were determined to be small. Without question, women are in a better position to recognize gender inequities in athletics on college campuses. It is essential that women are recruited and hired into leadership positions in athletic departments and into executive positions in educational administrations at community colleges. Without a voice at the decision-making levels, the pace at which community colleges move toward equity will continue to lag.

“In what ways does teaching with folk arts inspired visual arts-based instruction enhance community building among elementary students in a Title I school?” was the primary research question in this study. Agreeing with past and present day research that the construct of community is vital to social and cultural capital, this research attempts to determine how the notion of community benefits both students and teachers in the elementary art classroom. Folk art was utilized because this genre was accessible in terms of locality and familiarity among students and teachers. The purpose of this investigation was to produce teaching strategies and methods that show how community can be formed in the art classroom. The participants were elementary students, Grades 2 and 3, in a Title I school located in Denton, Texas. This investigation was conducted under an action research methodology. This approach to research is intended to be transformational, emergent, and accommodating. I recorded observations, field notes, and conversations from the participants. Emergent themes were discovered through content analysis and conceptual maps. Results from this investigation concluded transformation is only possible if the person wants change to happen. Data also showed that community and art education are symbiotic. Transformation, growth, and cultivation are demands that must be met in order for this relationship to flourish. In addition, data suggested that the role of folk arts-based lessons played a significant role in building community among second and third graders.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
O modelo de desenvolvimento pautado pelo turismo de massa adotado principalmente a partir da dÃcada de 1980 no litoral do Nordeste e, mais especificamente, no litoral cearense provocou inÃmeros conflitos com as populaÃÃes locais. Essas clivagens foram a gÃnese dos movimentos de resistÃncia e da mobilizaÃÃo comunitÃria nestas Ãreas. à com este contexto que emerge o turismo comunitÃrio. Tratado por alguns como o verdadeiro turismo sustentÃvel ao trazer a valorizaÃÃo da identidade cultural e a geraÃÃo de benefÃcios diretos à comunidade ao centro do planejamento, o que possibilita dotar de maior poder decisÃrio a prÃpria populaÃÃo local. à desta forma que o principal objetivo do presente estudo se impÃe: a anÃlise do turismo de base e sua gestÃo participativa posto como uma real estratÃgia para se alcanÃar o desenvolvimento sustentÃvel. Foi realizada uma revisÃo do arcabouÃo teÃrico que constrÃi o conceito de sustentabilidade, alÃm do delineamento e correlaÃÃo entre o desenvolvimento do turismo litorÃneo no Cearà e a emergÃncia do turismo comunitÃrio. Para estudo de caso foi escolhida uma comunidade entre 15 comunidades cearenses que desenvolvem o turismo de base. A comunidade da Reserva Extrativista do Batoque, situada no litoral Leste do Estado do CearÃ, participante da Rede Cearense de Turismo ComunitÃrio desde sua fundaÃÃo (2008). Foram confeccionados trÃs questionÃrios semiestruturados envolvendo as principais dimensÃes do desenvolvimento sustentÃvel, especÃficos para as entrevistas com cada grupo (realizadas entre os meses de maio e julho de 2014): populaÃÃo geral (62 famÃlias locais), enfatizando que a abordagem utilizada foi aleatÃria e simples; empreendedores locais (proprietÃrios dos principais equipamentos turÃsticos); lÃderes comunitÃrios e das instituiÃÃes que mantÃm alguma relaÃÃo com a atividade; alÃm de observaÃÃes in loco. A partir dos resultados de campo concluiu-se que o distanciamento das aÃÃes previstas em teoria em relaÃÃo Ãs aÃÃes aplicadas na prÃtica nÃo permite um carÃter sustentÃvel ao turismo desenvolvido pela comunidade do Batoque. Embora, reconheÃa-se que o processo de sustentabilidade à gradativo e o turismo de base possui real potencial de promovÃ-lo a nÃvel local. A falta de institucionalizaÃÃo, a gestÃo desorganizada, a frÃgil articulaÃÃo e participaÃÃo popular durante as decisÃes, a hegemonia de interesses privados, entre outros fatores, dificultam a melhor geraÃÃo e distribuiÃÃo da renda, a formaÃÃo de arranjos produtivos, o melhor manejo dos ecossistemas, alÃm de enfraquecer o interesse da prÃpria populaÃÃo em aderir ao planejamento da atividade.
The development model guided by mass tourism adopted mainly from the 1980s on the northeast coast and, more specifically, in Cearà triggered numerous conflicts with local populations. These divisions were the genesis of the resistance movements and community mobilization in these areas. It is in this context that emerges community tourism. Treated by some as the true sustainable tourism by bringing the value of cultural identity and the creation of direct benefits to the community at the center of planning, which allows give greater decision-making power to local people themselves. This is how the main purpose of this study arises: the analysis of the basic tourism and its participative management as a real strategy for achieving sustainable development. A review of the theoretical framework was carried out building the concept of sustainability, in addition to the design and correlation between the development of coastal tourism in Cearà and the emergence of community tourism. For case study was chosen a community among 15 communities that develop based tourism in CearÃ. The community of Batoqueâs Extractive Reserve, located in the CearÃâs East coast, part of the Community Tourism Network of Cearà since its foundation (2008). We built three semi-structured questionnaires involving the key dimensions of sustainable development, specific to interviews with each group (held between May and July 2014): general population (62 local families), emphasizing that the approach used was random and simple; local entrepreneurs (owners of the main tourist facilities); community leaders and institutions that maintains a relationship with the activity; as well as on-site observations. From the field results it was concluded that the distance of the actions planned in theory about the actions applied in practice does not allow a sustainable nature to the tourism developed by Batoqueâs community. Although it is recognized that the sustainability process is gradual and based tourism has a real potential to promote it locally. The lack of institutionalization, the disorganized management, weak coordination and public participation in decisions, the hegemony of private interests, among other factors, hamper the best generation and distribution of income, the formation of clusters, better management of ecosystems, while weakening the interest of the population to join the planning of the activity.

In 2001, the Anderson Neighborhood of Bristol, Tennessee, received official recognition as a Weed and Seed site by the United States Department of Justice. This designation is provided to a local coalition of committed community members organized to “weed” out the elements that contribute to crime and delinquency in a targeted neighborhood and “seed” in strategies to build strong neighborhoods. Anderson Elementary School is a key partner in the effort and the conduit for a variety of coalition initiatives. Through investigation of measures and surveys administered at Anderson Elementary School, the study was designed to ascertain if there were improvements in quantitative measures related to academic success (attendance, discipline referrals, test scores, and grades) at Anderson Elementary after multiple strategies were implemented in the Anderson Neighborhood. Findings revealed that attendance improved in the first two years but then declined by end of the five-year period studied. Improvements were documented in the other three areas. In addition, this study focused upon the differences in improvements between the two populations attending school at Anderson: those residing within the Weed and Seed boundaries and those residing outside the designated area. Whereas Weed and Seed students performed below the nonWeed and Seed students each year, the differences were reduced over the five-year period. A final analysis was conducted regarding comparisons to both Central and Fairmont Elementary schools in Bristol, Tennessee, the other two Title I schools in the system. Anderson showed the greatest improvement in the area of discipline whereas Central made the largest gains in tests scores and Fairmount was consistently higher in attendance. Because so many variables can mitigate academic performance, faculty and staff members' perceptions regarding a variety of coalition efforts initiated through the Weed and Seed effort were measured by survey and analyzed. Educational professionals reported observing positive changes in community commitment and involvement. To further qualify successful strategies and required skill sets regarding leadership to build school partnerships with community coalitions, an indepth interview was conducted with the principal at Anderson Elementary School. The leadership themes documented in the interview were consistent with postmodern leadership theory.

The purpose of this creative project was to research, build, and replicate portions of the history of the town of Bradford, Ohio in order to create a permanent community monument. Glazed tiles were mounted together to form an artpiece four feet by sixteen feet, preserved for future generations to appreciate and enjoy.Upon completion of research on the community, drawings of area business establishmentswere diligently developed for the clay bas relief tiles, which were sculptured by the artist and his Art I-IV students. Individual clay tiles, composed of terra-cotta stoneware, were bisque fired, underglazed, and refired. To mount the tiles, concrete was applied to sections of plywood (which had been covered with chicken wire). The stoneware tiles were then organized, arranged, and embedded in concrete to create a mosaic mural.The process of the mural forged an unmistakable bond between teacher, students, school, and community. The completed mosaic mural was framed and permanently mounted on location at the Bradford Public Library, 138 E. Main Street, Bradford, Ohio, involving the remodelling of the facility to accommodate the sculpture's size.
Department of Art

Les droits et actions attachés à la personne se manifestent en des domaines variés. Exceptions à l'action oblique et à certaines règles des procédures collectives, ils constituent également des biens propres dans la communauté légale. Cette hétérogénéité de leur utilisation conduit à s'interroger sur l'existence d'une véritable notion juridique. La comparaison des différentes prérogatives entre elles, rendue possible par l'existence d'enjeux communs, conduit à constater l'existence d'une telle notion. Son identification peut alors être entreprise. Marquée par une subjectivité la rendant difficilement appréhendable, la notion peut pourtant être approchée, précisée et construite.L'étude de l'objet de l'attache à la personne conduit quant à elle à constater l'existence d'une distinction constante entre aptitude à exercer et résultat découlant de cet exercice. Cette distinction, qui se confond avec la distinction du titre et de la finance, permet alors de révéler le domaine réel des droits et actions attachés à la personne. Englobant les droits extrapatrimoniaux qu'ils réunissent au sein du patrimoine, ils apparaissent même à l'origine des droits patrimoniaux non attachés à la personne. Ils conduisent alors à réorganiser l'ensemble des droits subjectifs
The expression “rights and actions attached to the holder” is used in several fields of the private law. Exceptions to the indirect action and to some rules of the liquidation, they are also exclusives properties in the matrimony. This heterogeneity of use leads us to wonder about the existence of a true juridical notion. Its existence can be found by comparing the different prerogatives and their different relations. It is then possible to identify the notion. Even if the subjectivity of the notion can make it difficult to comprehend, however it can be approached, specified and shaped.As for the study of the object of the attach to the person, it leads us to observe the existence of a constant distinction between the ability to exercise and its result. This distinction, that merges with the distinction of the deed and the finance, can then reveal the real domain of the rights and actions attached to the holder. Gathering within the patrimony the extrapatrimonial rights, they even appear to be at the origin of the rights non-attached to the holder and lead to reorganize all subjective rights

La Cour de Justice Communautaire (CJC), la Cour des Comptes Communautaire (CCC) et la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage (CCJA) sont les trois juridictions supranationales créées respectivement par les traités de la CEMAC et de l’OHADA pour renforcer les nouveaux processus d’intégration économique et juridique des Etats membres. Dans la mesure où ces juridictions exercent un contrôle juridictionnel déterminant de la norme communautaire, le premier contrôle étant effectué par les juridictions nationales des Etats parties, la conception, l’organisation, le fonctionnement, les caractéristiques, les rôles ou compétences de ces juridictions nouvelles ainsi que la destinée des décisions qu’elles rendent dans leurs fonctions strictement judiciaires ou dans celles accessoires d’appui à la procédure arbitrale, présentent un intérêt digne d’une recherche doctorale. S’il est apparu que des jalons supplémentaires d’efficacité des nouveaux processus d’intégration ont été plantés par la création desdites juridictions, il a également été constaté que des pesanteurs d’ordre juridictionnel, structurel ou fonctionnel continuent d’en retarder la vitesse de croisière. Les solutions que nous avons proposées pour surmonter ces difficultés se regroupent en une réorganisation des juridictions communautaires, une répartition claire des compétences entre elles, un renforcement de la procédure de contrôle du droit communautaire, une vulgarisation permanente du droit de l’intégration, une revalorisation des titres exécutoires, une clarification des fonctions du juge d’exécution, une restriction du domaine de l’immunité d’exécution, un réaménagement des procédures de recouvrement, une formation continue des acteurs de la justice, une amélioration de leur condition de travail et de vie, une résurgence de l’éthique morale, une réelle indépendance de la justice… C’est dire que l’étude met un accent sur les obstacles qui entravent les nouveaux processus d’intégration et propose des solutions pour parfaire les textes législatifs et leurs interprétations jurisprudentielles, dans la perspective d’accélérer le développement économique des Etats concernés en particulier, pour une meilleure prospérité globale des économies mondiales
The Communautary Court of Justice (CCJ), the Communautary Court of Account (CCA) and the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) are the three supranational jurisdictions respectively created by EMCAC and OHBLA treaties to reinforce the new processes of economical and judicial integration for their member States. In the measure where these jurisdictions are competent to exercise a juridictional control, by determining the communautary norms, the first control being carried out by the national juridictions, the conception, the organisation, the functioning, the characteristics, the roles or competences of these new jurisdictions and also the destiny of the decisions they rend in their strictly judiciary functions or in their accessory functions of supporting the arbitral procedure, present an interest worthy of a doctorate research. If it appears that the supplementary Milestones of efficiency of the new processes of integration had been installed by the creation of the said jurisdictions, it had also been observed that the gravities of jurisdictional, structural or functional order continue to delay the speed of cruise. The solutions that we have proposed to overcome these difficulties involves the reorganization of communautary jurisdictions, the clearly distribution of competences between them, the reinforcement of the communautarian law control procedure, a permanent vulgarisation of integration law, a revalorisation of executary titles, a clarification of immunity of execution domain, a development of the recovery procedures, a continual training of judicial actors, and improvement of their working and living conditions, a resurgence of moral ethic, a real independence of the Justice… This means that the study put a stress on the obstacles which hold up the new processes of integration and propose solutions to perfect the legislative texts and their jurisprudential interpretations, in the perspective of accelerating the economic development of the concerned States, for the best global prosperity of the world’s economies

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana R A Cararo.pdf: 2592961 bytes, checksum: 333a7a523e628bcfb0cede0bd365f0a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29
ABSTRACT: The Wintering Armory Quilombola community of Tile was founded in 1868, when the Group of thirteen freed slaves took over the land area of Wintering Armory of tile, located in the municipality of Reserva do Iguaçu, Paraná, left in inheritance to the same, by his former mistress, Balbina Francisca de Siqueira, as testament dating from 1860. Currently the community is composed of about 350 families, which are divided into four nuclei (Guarapuava, pinion, Settlement and Embankment), waiting for the completion of the process of titling their territory, initiated in 2005, Is by the INCRA. Since they had to leave their land in 1975, the community sought to retrieve them, promoting several lawsuits, without, however, succeed. The last alternative fetched then, like so many other Rural Black Communities, fighting to be recognised, respected and kept the areas that traditionally occupy, went to fitness for existing legislation. Article 68 ADCT, included in the Federal Constitution of 1988, after mobilization of the black movement, ensures permanent land titling that are occupying the remaining Quilombo Communities calls. After signing the Decree 4,887/2003, communities such as the Wintering Armory of tile that were no longer in their land, have been given the right to have them in physical form, using the principle of attribution. In this way, this work aims to show the importance the quilombola legislation, principally the Decree 4,887, has for these black rural communities, which for years struggling to get possession of the Earth.
A Comunidade Quilombola Invernada Paiol de Telha foi constituída em 1868, quando o grupo de treze escravos libertos assumiu a área de terra da Invernada Paiol de Telha, localizada atualmente no município de Reserva do Iguaçu, Paraná, deixada em herança para os mesmos, pela sua antiga senhora, Balbina Francisca de Siqueira, conforme testamento datado de 1860. Atualmente a Comunidade é composta por cerca de trezentas e cinquenta famílias, que estão distribuídas em quatro núcleos (Guarapuava, Pinhão, Assentamento e Barranco), a espera da conclusão do processo de titulação do seu Território Quilombola, iniciado em 2005, junto ao INCRA. Desde que tiveram de sair das suas terras em 1975, a Comunidade procurou reavê-las, promovendo diversas ações judiciais, sem, no entanto, obterem êxito. A última alternativa buscada então, a exemplo de tantas outras Comunidades Rurais Negras, que lutam para terem reconhecidas, respeitadas e tituladas as áreas que tradicionalmente ocupam, foi à adequação a Legislação vigente. O Artigo 68 ADCT, incluído na Constituição Federal de 1988, após mobilização do Movimento Negro, garante a titulação definitiva das terras que estejam ocupando as chamadas Comunidades Remanescentes de Quilombo. Após a assinatura do Decreto 4.887/2003, comunidades como a Invernada Paiol de Telha que não estavam mais em suas terras, passaram a ter o direito de tê-las tituladas, utilizando-se do principio da auto atribuição. Deste modo, este trabalho objetiva mostrar a importância que a legislação quilombola, principalmente o Decreto 4.887, tem para essas comunidades rurais negras, que há anos lutam para conseguir a posse da terra.

The aim of thesis "Appreciation in municipal property over time" is the selection of the most suitable variant of financing the investment project. The project solves the reconstruction of the existing unused House of Services at the Community House of Seniors. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the functioning of public administration and territorial self-government, public and mixed goods. Municipal budget and revenues of territorial budgets. Furthermore, project funding, grant titles and project preparation and implementation are mentioned. The practical part deals with ways of financing an investment project using bank products, where the use of state subsidy is also used. The calculations take into account income from regulated and market rents. Variants are compared to find the most appropriate funding option for this project.

abstract: The signing of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001 created a need for Title 1 principals to conceptualize and operationalize parent engagement. This study examines how three urban principals in Arizona implemented the mandates of the Act as it pertains to parent involvement. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to examine how principals operationalize and conceptualize parent involvement as they navigate barriers and laws particular to the state of Arizona. This study sought to understand issues surrounding parent involvement in Title 1 schools in Arizona. The beliefs and interview dialogue of the principals as it pertains to parent engagement provided an understanding of how urban principals in Arizona implement the aspects of No Child Left Behind Act that deal with parent involvement. The research study concluded that parents have community cultural wealth that contributes to the success of the students of engaged parents and that cultural responsive leadership assists principals with engaging parents in their schools. The research concludes that a gap exists between how parents and principals perceive and construct parent engagement versus what is prescribed in No Child Left Behind Act.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ed.D. Electrical Engineering 2012

This thesis is concerned with two central questions. The first is theoretical and asks, "Can a direct appeal be made to the foundational principles of liberalism to support collective rights?" The second question is practical and asks: "Would such a defense serve the interests of contemporary Canadian Aboriginal claims to special constitutionally recognized collective rights known as the Aboriginal Right?" I utilize Will Kymlicka's defense of minority rights as the theoretical framework in assessing this first question and in assessing the latter, I refer to various reported Aboriginal conceptions of the so-called Aboriginal Right which have been formalized by Aboriginal people themselves through constitutional addresses, Royal Commission hearings, discussion papers and legal claims. Part I of the thesis involves an enquiry into the nature of the revisions that Kymlicka proposes to make to liberal theory, and asks whether, in making such changes, he is able to retain identification with the so-called "modern" liberals, with whom Kymlicka identifies himself, and consistently defend the kind of group minority rights of the sort actually being claimed in Canadian society today. I conclude that Kymlicka argument fails in two respects: it fails to do the work required of it by modern liberals and it ultimately fails to do the work required by the standards of Kymlicka own theory. In Part II, I argue that even if it were theoretically possible to protect the good of culture in the way that Kymlicka hopes, such a defense of collective rights fails in the most important respect: that is, it cannot do the work required of it by the Aboriginal people for whom it was designed.

This thesis and the feasibility study, which is attached to the thesis, solves the complex issue of the technology rehabilitation in the unit of the voluntary fire brigade of the village of Solenice using a subsidy program for the purchase of a large-capacity tank syringe with use for the cadastre of the municipality of Solenice. The aim of this work is to prepare a risk analysis for the cadastral territory of the municipality of Solenice in connection with the document entitled "Feasibility study", which is an indispensable part of the documents for submitting the application for the data title for restoration of obsolete fire fighting equipment in the municipality. This document focuses on the description of the cadastre of the village and its unit, its layout and its significance from the point of view of the IRS, which is based on the plan coverage of the fire protection units. This paper deals with the necessary documents focusing on the application and the successful realization of the project in order to restore the fire technology in our village and thus to improve the unit's operational capability using the newly acquired technique. This document will save the municipality to make a Special Assessment and will allow the savings to invest in other projects according to the current grant calls and needs of the municipality.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
O presente documento compreende os Relatórios de Estágio em Farmácia Comunitária e em Assuntos Regulamentares e Farmacovigilância, e a monografia intitulada "Understanding Quality by Design with Monoclonal Antibodies". Para cada relatório, foi realizada uma análise SWOT. Quality by Design não é um conceito novo para a Indústria Farmacêutica. De facto, foi introduzido na ICH Q8 como uma abordagem melhorada para o Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico, substituindo o Quality by Testing. Esta metodologia sistemática defende que a qualidade não pode ser testada no produto; em alternativa, a qualidade deve ser construída por design. O QbD garante a qualidade através da compreensão da performance do produto, do seu processo de fabrico, e de todas as variáveis que sobre ele podem ter algum impacto. Com o QbD, testes de libertação em tempo real podem substituir os testes no produto final, uma vez que o processo de fabrico desenhado produzirá um medicamento com a qualidade desejada. No entanto, a terminologia do QbD não é clara, e levanta mal-entendidos na Indústria e nas Autoridades. Subsequentemente, definir um Perfil de Qualidade Alvo para o Produto Acabado; identificar os Atributos Críticos de Qualidade do produto, e os Parâmetros de Processo Críticos do processo de fabrico; estabelecer um alargado Design Space e definir uma estratégia de controlo que inclui especificações (para a substância ativa, excipientes e produto acabado), e controlos (para cada etapa do processo de fabrico) não está a ser alcançado à velocidade desejada. Nos Estados Unidos da América, submissões por QbD já estão a ser aprovadas para produtos acabados de origem química. Quanto aos produtos biotecnológicos, esta não é uma prática comum. Embora a Indústria esteja a progredir para a aceitação e implementação do QbD, ainda existe uma necessidade de compreender e clarificar conceitos e expectativas. Esta dissertação foi escrita para clarificar alguns termos, e aborda o Desenvolvimento Farmacêutico através do QbD. Os exemplos providenciados respeitantes aos anticorpos monoclonais têm como objetivo clarificar alguns termos do QbD que ainda são mal compreendidos, e serve de oportunidade para refletir sobre a aplicação do QbD no desenvolvimento de anticorpos monoclonais.
The present document comprises the Internship Reports on Community Pharmacy and Regulatory Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, and the monograph titled "Understanding Quality by Design with Monoclonal Antibodies". For each report, a SWOT analysis was conducted. Quality by Design is not a new concept to Pharmaceutical Industry. In fact, it was introduced in ICH Q8 as an improved approach to Pharmaceutical Development, replacing Quality by Testing. This systematic methodology defends that quality cannot be tested into products; instead, quality should be built in by design. QbD assures quality by understanding the product performance, its manufacturing process, and all the variables that may have an impact on it. With QbD, Real-Time Release Testing can replace end-product testing, as the designed manufacturing process will produce a medicine with the desired quality. However, QbD terminology is not clear, and arises several misunderstandings within the Industry and Authorities. Subsequently, setting a drug product Quality Target Product Profile (QTPP); identifying Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of the drug product, and Critical Process Parameters (CPPs) of the manufacturing process; establishing a wide Design Space; and defining a control strategy that includes specifications (for the drug substance, excipients and drug product), and controls (for each step of the manufacturing process) is not being achieved at the most desired speed. In the United States of America, QbD based submissions are already being approved for chemical drug products. As for biotechnological products, this is not a common practice. Although the Industry is moving towards the acceptance and implementation of QbD, there is still a need to understand and clarify concepts and expectations. This dissertation was written to clarify some terms, and addresses Pharmaceutical Development through QbD. The examples provided regarding monoclonal antibodies intent to exemplify some QbD terms that are currently still misunderstood, and serves as an opportunity to reflect about the application of QbD in the development of monoclonal antibodies development.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
Este documento encontra-se dividido em duas partes, sendo que a primeira se refere aos Relatórios de Estágio no formato de Análise SWOT (Pontos Fortes, Pontos Fracos, Oportunidades e Ameaças) relativas a cada estágio curricular realizado, nomeadamente em Farmácia Comunitária na Farmácia Sousa Gomes em Braga, em Farmácia Hospitalar, no Hospital de Braga e por fim, em Indústria Farmacêutica, na Generis® Farmacêutica, S.A. em Lisboa. A segunda parte refere-se à Monografia intitulada “Inkjet Printing: A novel approach for manufacturing personalized medicines”.Tendo em conta os avanços tecnológicos, os cuidados de saúde necessitam também de acompanhar estas mudanças. Assim nasceu a medicina personalizada, uma medicina adaptada a cada doente e patologia específica. Para as populações geriátricas e pediátricas,esta mudança é cada vez mais importante, tendo em conta que os medicamentos disponíveis no mercado muitas vezes não vão ao encontro das necessidades específicas destes grupos populacionais. Deste modo, várias estratégias tecnológicas têm vindo a ser desenvolvidas para “redesenhar” os atuais sistemas de administração de fármacos, nos quais os medicamentos impressos estão incluídos.O conceito de medicamentos impressos começou nos Estados Unidos da América com a introdução da impressão 3D para produzir um sistema polimérico para libertação controlada de fármacos. A impressão a jato de tinta começou por ser usada na descoberta de fármacos, mais concretamente no âmbito da genómica, da química combinatória e no high-throughput screening. Recentemente, a viabilidade de usar a impressão a jato de tinta para o desenvolvimento de medicamentos personalizados e adaptados a cada doente, tem sido alvo de investigação.A impressão a jato de tinta consiste em substituir a tinta de um tinteiro comum por uma solução que contém o princípio ativo e os excipientes necessários. A impressão a jato de tinta pode dividir-se em impressão contínua ou impressão gota a gota. Esta última, por sua vez, pode ser subdividida em impressão piezoelétrica a jato de tinta ou impressão térmica a jato de tinta. Após a impressão desta solução com o fármaco, este é depositado num substrato apropriado que depois, poderá ser inserido numa cápsula gelatinosa para posterior administração oral, sendo esta uma das várias formas de administração possíveis.O objetivo desta monografia consiste em apresentar e clarificar esta nova tecnologia,a sua aplicabilidade e consequente evolução no desenvolvimento farmacêutico. Serão abordados os vários tipos de sistemas de administração de fármacos produzidos, as propriedades a ter em consideração durante a impressão, os ensaios de controlo de qualidade realizados e as aplicações mais frequentes desta técnica. Por fim, serão apresentadas as perspetivas futuras relacionadas com a impressão a jato de tinta e o seu potencial impacto na medicina personalizada.
This document is divided into two parts, the first one refers to the Reports of Internship based on the SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) for each curricular internship realized, namely in Community Pharmacy at Farmácia Sousa Gomes in Braga, Hospital Pharmacy at Hospital de Braga and at last, Pharmaceutical Industry at Generis® Farmacêutica, S.A. in Lisbon. The second part refers to the Monograph titled “Inkjet Printing: A novel approach for manufacturing personalized medicines”.With the burst of technology, health care must be in constant change and upgrade tolevel up these changes. This prompted to the creation of personalized medicine, which consists in a therapy precisely tailored to the needs and requirements of an individualpatient, considering such patient’s condition. To the paediatric and geriatric populations, this change is increasingly important, since the pharmaceutical dosage forms available in themarket do not often meet the specifics needs and requirements of these type of patients. To fit this purpose, several technological strategies have been developed to redesign current drug delivery systems, wherein printable medicines are included.The concept of printing medicine began in the United States of America with the introduction of three-dimensional printing to produce a polymeric delivery system for controlled drug release. Inkjet dispensing technology started being used in drug discovery,namely in genomics, in combinatory chemistry and in high-throughput screening. Recently,the viability of the application of inkjet printing in the development of personalized medicine,has also been largely explored.Inkjet printing consists in replacing the ink by a drug solution, with the active pharmaceutical ingredients and related excipients. Inkjet printing can be classified as either continuous inkjet printing or drop on demand printing. The latter can be distinguished into piezoelectric or thermal inkjet printing. After printing this solution containing the drug, thefinal phase consists in jetting it onto an appropriate substrate that, for example, can befurther easily rolled up and inserted into a hard gelatine capsule for oral administration,among many other possible drug delivery applications.This monograph aims at introducing and clarifying this new technology, its applicability and consequent evolution in pharmaceutical development. Aspects pertaining to the various types of drug delivery systems produced, the properties to be taken into account during printing, the quality control (currently performed) and some applications of this technique, will be discussed. Future perspectives related to inkjet printing and its potential impact on personalized medicine will be finally addressed.

This diploma thesis deals with a detailed analysis of the daily Rudé právo in 1951 - 1960. It is focused in detail on leading representatives of the Communist Party and their impact on the situation in the former Czechoslovakia in ´50s, as well as on significant events in this period. The work will consist in comparing the real facts and distorted facts about personalities and events of that time as they were presented by Rudé právo as the propaganda newspaper of the Communist Party. The main aim of the thesis is to make a reader aware of the impartiality of Rudé právo which played a dominant role in the former media scene and greatly influenced the general public who did not have the opportunity to compare information with other news. It is important as well to the reader understand how powerful the media had already been that time, when Rudé právo was able to significantly support a cult of personality mainly around Klement Gottwald and J. V. Stalin, when a reader had no opportunity to gain any information than what the governance of communist Czechoslovakia wanted to. Besides the already mentioned cults of personalities the work will deal with propaganda of communism, the Soviet Union and the anti-Americanism which was propagated mainly between 1950 - 1953 in almost every issue of the newspaper. After reading this thesis, the reader should understand the content of Rudé právo and its importance. He should realize that the main aim was to arouse belief of the citizens of Czechoslovakia that "Western world", especially the United States, is an enemy that wants to control the whole world and that its leaders are the aggressors and the enemies of peace. The Soviet Union and its leaders should then be the protection against so-called warmongers from the USA. Due to then lack of information it was very difficult for an average working Czechoslovak reader to know that the reality was quite the opposite.

The thesis "Looking through the lens of the Czech daily newspaper Mlada fronta for 65 years" examines the topic of the liberation of Czechoslovakia in May, 1945. The qualitative content analysis of selected texts available from the newspaper is used to explore the interpretation of the event in Mlada fronta. The thesis has concentrated on the development of attitudes, beliefs, ways of communications and journalistic transformation of media content concerning the liberation event over time. The main objective has been to answer the question as to whether the media portrayal of the event has remained constant or altered over the stated time period and which factors influenced the portrayal. In the conclusion of this thesis we can confirm that the monitored event has been described differently in different time periods respectively, in connection with political progress and the value of democracy in the country. The more totalitarian the regime, the more the newspaper has described freedom through preferred ideology, biased themes, dogmatic posture and offered interpretations that suited the ruling party. This indicates a form of totalitarian hegemony. During periods of greater totalitarianism, the newspaper tends to describe the theme of the freedom completely within that communist ideology. However,...