Relevant bibliographies by topics / Community renewable energy groups

Academic literature on the topic 'Community renewable energy groups'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Community renewable energy groups"

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Moncecchi, Matteo, Stefano Meneghello, and Marco Merlo. "A Game Theoretic Approach for Energy Sharing in the Italian Renewable Energy Communities." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 8166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228166.

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With the Clean Energy Package, the European Union introduced the concept of Renewable Energy Communities: groups of citizens, small and medium enterprises and local authorities that decide to join forces to equip themselves with systems to produce and share energy from renewable energy sources. The Italian legislation recently started an experimental phase in which renewable energy communities receive an incentivising tariff for the energy produced and shared within the community. This paper faces the problem of creating a new renewable energy community in two steps. First, a mathematical model of the energy flows among the members of the community is characterised according to the Italian schema. This model is used to find the optimal portfolio for the energy community, given energy requests and local source availability. Secondly, the Shapley value, a particular solution of cooperative games known to be the most fair method to allocate costs and profits of shared infrastructures, is proposed to distribute benefits among community members. The methodology has been applied to a case study based on a real low voltage network, and the economics for consumers and producers in participating to the project have been evaluated. The proposed solution, simulated adopting real economic parameters defined in the Italian regulatory framework, results to be economically viable from the point of view of the investors with a profitability index of 1.36 and, at the same time, aligned with the social purposes of the energy communities.
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Magnani, Natalia, and Valentina-Miriam Cittati. "Combining the Multilevel Perspective and Socio-Technical Imaginaries in the Study of Community Energy." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051624.

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The current paper contributes to the literature on community renewable energy by considering two projects developed in the north-west of Italy, in the Piedmont region. Community renewable energy is increasingly regarded by academic literature and policy discourse as crucial to ensure a socially and environmentally just energy transition. In spite of the growing diffusion of community renewable energy projects, there is still a lack of theoretically informed analyses. Our article tries to address this gap by combining two theoretical perspectives: the multilevel perspective and the socio-technical imaginaries approach. Applying the first perspective helps reconstruct the context and circumstances that have permitted the Piedmont’s energy community projects to emerge. Particular attention is given to the windows of opportunity created by the Regional Law 12/2018, which acknowledged the establishment of energy communities for the first time in Italy. The socio-technical imaginaries perspective allows the identification of collective ideas and meanings that emerge when individuals or groups promote a socio-technical innovation. Based on this analysis, three main future changes are associated with community renewable energy: an integral ecology approach, a stronger sense of community, and a local development opportunity for rural areas characterised by depopulation, a low employment rate, and high energy demand.
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Radtke, Jörg, Özgür Yildiz, and Lucas Roth. "Does Energy Community Membership Change Sustainable Attitudes and Behavioral Patterns? Empirical Evidence from Community Wind Energy in Germany." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030822.

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Community energy is seen as a helping hand for local, decentralized energy transition. Besides the main goal of supporting the community-friendly and socially acceptable development of renewable energies, the hope is also that a pro-environmental influence on sustainability behavior will be triggered when joining a community energy project. An analysis of a survey among 16 community energy projects in Germany, with 565 completed questionnaires, shows that a certain part of the members pays more attention to their energy behavior and develop a more positive attitude towards a decentralized energy transition and citizen participation after joining the community energy project. Therefore, we can empirically support that climate protection projects, such as community energy, influence pro-environmental attitudes and behavior, but this does not apply equally to all population groups. Members with higher income and stronger interest in returns are less likely to change their behavior. Based on these findings, we recommend the development of community energy policies that are more responsive to differences in social structure and address both privileged and underprivileged groups in a sophisticated way using specific offers and modes of involvement within the associations.
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Luangchosiri, Nilubon, Takaya Ogawa, Hideyuki Okumura, and Keiichi N. Ishihara. "Success Factors for the Implementation of Community Renewable Energy in Thailand." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 4203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144203.

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Community renewable energy (CRE) has recently been proposed as one of the effective policy tools to make a community sustainable and to strengthen this association. CRE is, however, not widespread yet in Thailand, and evidence-based research on CRE in the country is rather scarce. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of CRE in Thailand to identify the key factors affecting its implementation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis for 26 active CRE projects in Thailand. Results show that the characteristics of CRE in Thailand are rooted in the geographical location of a community. A legal structure was created from a pre-existing group to implement a CRE project. The primary motivation for implementing CRE is sustainable development of a community. We examined essential factors separated into two groups—internal and external factors—in reference to CRE in developed nations. We highlight several issues concerning the further development of CRE in Thailand. First, a strong group leader and a formal structure are essential to drive and manage a project. Second, networks of CRE projects and long-term revolving funds are crucial external support to implement CRE.
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Nugroho, Adi, Ahdiar Fikri Maulana, Singgih Utomo, Silvi Nur Oktalina, Prasetyo Nugroho, and Wiyono Wiyono. "HUBUNGAN SIKAP, NORMA SUBYEKTIF DAN PERSEPSI KENDALI PERILAKU TERHADAP NIAT KTH DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN ENERGI DI YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Hutan Tropis 9, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jht.v9i3.12313.

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Energy policy in the world has changed due to the climate crisis. As a result, the need for renewable energy supply is increasing. Trees in the forestry sector are a reliable source of biomass for renewable energy production. Community forests could play an important role in supplying biomass-based renewable energy production. The study aims to understand the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on Farmers Forest Group's intention in cultivating trees for energy in Yogyakarta Province. The Theory of Planned Behaviour approach was used to analyse the correlation between Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioural Control on Forest Farmers Group Intention in cultivating trees for renewable energy. A survey using an online questionnaire was conducted on Forest Farmers Groups in four districts in DI Yogyakarta; Sleman, Kulonprogo, Bantul, and Gunungkidul. The survey results were analysed using non-parametric statistics.The results showed a significant positive correlation between Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Behavioural Control on the Forest Farmers Group's Intention to cultivate trees for renewable energy. The study provides policymakers and privates with insight into working with the farmers when they are about to implement biomass-based renewable energy programs
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Juszczyk, Oskar, and Khuram Shahzad. "Blockchain Technology for Renewable Energy: Principles, Applications and Prospects." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134603.

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Blockchain, or distributed ledger, is an innovative technology that is emerging in various sectors and industries across the globe. It has attracted the attention of different interest groups such as energy companies, SMEs and start-ups, information technology developers, financial institutions, national authorities, and the university community. Through, for example, the decentralization of authority in transactions, Internet of Things (IoT) implementation, and smart contracting, the improvement of the daily business operations is firmly forecasted. In the energy sector, digitalization is already present in solutions such as smart grids, smart meters, electric vehicles, etc. Moreover, a new concept of the Internet of Energy (IoE) has been introduced in the academic literature. In this article, the level of trust and maturity of Blockchain technology implementation is investigated through the Blockchain Maturity Questionnaire, developed by the authors. The database consists of responses from upper management professionals from the renewable energy industry. The analysis reveals the state of know-how about Blockchain, the main benefits and bottlenecks associated with its implementation as well as willingness to integrate this technology in the case companies’ future operations. The insight from the industry experts helped to provide a “Roadmap for Blockchain Adoption” in future energy systems. This curiosity study yields numerous applications not only for the renewable energy industry experts but also for the interest groups coming from different industries, as well as public authorities and researchers scrutinizing the fields taken into its scope.
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Ellis Paine, Angela, Daiga Kamerāde, John Mohan, and Deborah Davidson. "Communities as ‘renewable energy’ for healthcare services? a multimethods study into the form, scale and role of voluntary support for community hospitals in England." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e030243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030243.

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ObjectiveTo examine the forms, scale and role of community and voluntary support for community hospitals in England.DesignA multimethods study. Quantitative analysis of Charity Commission data on levels of volunteering and voluntary income for charities supporting community hospitals. Nine qualitative case studies of community hospitals and their surrounding communities, including interviews and focus groups.SettingCommunity hospitals in England and their surrounding communities.ParticipantsCharity Commission data for 245 community hospital Leagues of Friends. Interviews with staff (89), patients (60), carers (28), volunteers (35), community representatives (20), managers and commissioners (9). Focus groups with multidisciplinary teams (8 groups across nine sites, involving 43 respondents), volunteers (6 groups, 33 respondents) and community stakeholders (8 groups, 54 respondents).ResultsCommunities support community hospitals through: human resources (average=24 volunteers a year per hospital); financial resources (median voluntary income = £15 632); practical resources through services and activities provided by voluntary and community groups; and intellectual resources (eg, consultation and coproduction). Communities provide valuable supplementary resources to the National Health Service, enhancing community hospital services, patient experience, staff morale and volunteer well-being. Such resources, however, vary in level and form from hospital to hospital and over time: voluntary income is on the decline, as is membership of League of Friends, and it can be hard to recruit regular, active volunteers.ConclusionsCommunities can be a significant resource for healthcare services, in ways which can enhance patient experience and service quality. Harnessing that resource, however, is not straight forward and there is a perception that it might be becoming more difficult questioning the extent to which it can be considered sustainable or ‘renewable’.
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Schneiders, Alexandra, and David Shipworth. "Community Energy Groups: Can They Shield Consumers from the Risks of Using Blockchain for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading?" Energies 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123569.

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Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is emerging as a new mechanism for settling the exchange of energy between renewable energy generators and consumers. P2P provides a mechanism for local balancing when it is facilitated through distributed ledgers (‘blockchains’). Energy communities across Europe have uncovered the potential of this technology and are currently running pilots to test its applicability in P2P energy trading. The aim of this paper is to assess, using legal literature and legislation, whether the legal forms available to energy communities in the United Kingdom (UK) can help resolve some of the uncertainties around the individual use of blockchain for P2P energy trading. This includes the legal recognition of ‘prosumers’, the protection of their personal data, as well as the validity of ‘smart contracts’ programmed to trade energy on the blockchain network. The analysis has shown that legal entities, such as Limited Liability Partnerships and Co-operative Societies, can play a crucial role in providing the necessary framework to protect consumers engaging in these transactions. This is particularly the case for co-operatives, given that they can hold members liable for not respecting the rules set out in their (compulsory) governing document. These findings are relevant to other European countries, where the energy co-operative model is also used.
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Blanke, Julia, Alberto Belda Gonzalez, Simona D’Oca, Michael Niederkofler, and Edvard Nordlund. "European small-town Renewable Energy Communities: Participatory design of supporting tools as a vehicle to engage and understand local communities and their energy related concerns." Open Research Europe 2 (November 28, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15114.1.

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Renewable Energy Communities (REC) are an emerging initiative that aims to contribute to the energy transition towards a more decentralised system in Europe by encouraging local communities to come together and invest in and operate renewable energy assets together.Decision-making processes of these communities need to be supported by adequate tools, which also can be used in the formation of the community groups in the first place. In this paper a case-study of four European small-town communities in Berchidda (Italy), Ollersdorf (Austria), Ispaster (Spain), and Kökar (Finland) carried out in the context of the LocalRES project is presented, where a participatory design methodology has been applied to co-create community supporting tools. Feedback gathered during four citizen workshops is presented, showing that to optimally support RECs in their formation and operation three main topics need to be supported: (1) the technical realisation and potential upgrades of the energy system, i.e., visualising energy generation and consumption on an individual and a community level, (2) the financial and economic implications of investments, i.e., calculating costs and return on investment for the individual and for the community, as well as (3) the social dimension and communication between community members and other relevant stakeholders, i.e., helping with community building and community engagement. The participatory process presented in the case studies does not only serve to gather requirements for tool design, but it also is a useful vehicle to bring together all interested citizens and understand their needs and concerns. A summary of this detailed citizen feedback is also presented.
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Amekan, Yumechris. "The influence of microbial community dynamics on anaerobic digestion efficiency and stability: A Review." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.1.85-95.

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An essential component in sustainable energy development is the production of bioenergy from waste. The most successful bioenergy technology worldwide is anaerobic digestion (AD), which is a microbially-mediated process of organic feedstock conversion into energy-rich compounds (volatile fatty acids (VFA) and biogas) for renewable energy generation. AD is deployed in a range of situations including systems for on-farm energy recovery from animal and plant waste to the processing of food and municipal solid waste (with the additional benefit of land-fill reduction).Anaerobic digesters rely on a diverse microbial community working syntrophycally through a series of interrelated biochemical processes.Each stage in anaerobic digestion is carried out by different microbial groups. Thus, to optimise energy recovery from the AD process, the microbial community must have stable performance over time, balancing the various metabolic functions and taxonomic community composition in digesters. Complicating this balance, it has been found that the presence of ammonia, sulphate, and hydrogen sulphide in substantial concentrations often cause failure in the AD process. Thus, these substances cause adverse shifts in microbial community composition and/or inhibit bacterial growth, that influencing AD performance. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Community renewable energy groups"

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van, Veelen Bregje. "Devolution, democracy, and the challenge of diversity : community energy governance in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28919.

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This research investigates the emergence of new participatory spaces in the transition towards a low-carbon society. Specifically, it focuses on the emerging spaces and roles for community groups in renewable energy governance. The role of community groups in facilitating a low-carbon transition has received much attention in recent years, but has been insufficiently studied within the wider context of evolving state-civil society relations. This research puts forward an understanding of community energy initiatives that is neither inherently celebratory nor dismissive of community action, but argues that such initiatives should be understood based on the interactions – between practices, organisations and relations – within and external to these communities. In doing so, this research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, building on insights from both geography and political science to understand how opportunities for community participation are articulated in particular geographical and political contexts. Grounding this research in Scotland shows the unique ways in which devolution – from the UK Government to the Scottish Government, but primarily through the emerging powers for community groups in Scotland – has created a set of spatially and temporally-specific spaces and practices of intervention. The devolution of energy governance, and the diversity of practices emerging through this process, also raises questions, however, about the democratic qualities of these new spaces and practices. This research specifically explores this issue through building on the emerging concept of energy democracy. ‘Energy democracy’ is a concept that has been adopted by a growing number of international civil society actors who regard the transition to law-carbon energy sources as an opportunity not only for technological innovation but also for wider socio-economic transformation. Invoking an image of associative democracy, those advocating for greater energy democracy consider self-governing community groups as best placed to ensure that the transition towards a low-carbon society is one that is more inclusive, democratic and just. While energy democracy, like related concepts of energy citizenship and energy justice, aims to combine technological and social transformation, its activist roots also means it is noticeably different. This is evident in two ways. First, the current body of literature is largely uncritical and rather vague in nature. The second consequence of the activist roots of energy democracy is that it is diverse in its framing of the issue and its formulation of desired transition pathways. As its main contribution to existing academic debate, my thesis explores and expands the conceptual foundations of ‘energy democracy’ by evaluating its connections to different political theories, and the consequences of different interpretations for energy democracy research and practice. Secondly, I seek to develop the empirical evidence base for energy democracy. The current, primarily activist, literature on energy democracy often assumes rather than demonstrates that the forms of governance it promotes are more democratic than the status quo. This PhD therefore sets out to analyse the complex and varied ways in which local communities practice energy governance in Scotland. First, I introduce a quantitatively-developed typology of community energy projects in Scotland to highlight the diverse nature of the sector. Subsequently I demonstrate through qualitative interviews with community groups how the diversity of the sector (both within and between groups) both contributes to, and challenges, the democratic claims made for and by community energy. In the final part I show that the hybridity of spaces created by, and for, community energy intermediaries reflect the interactions between policy and community-action. Through a focus on the interaction between actors at different governance levels, my research helps to improve an understanding of the creation and contestation of new spaces of intervention in the Scottish energy transition as a process that not only reflects a broader (re)structuring of state-civil society relations, but also provides an early and somewhat experimental expression of such restructuring.
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Friend, Sara. "Realities of an 'Orkney way' : communicating perceptions of renewable energy in Orkney, Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10471.

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Orkney is currently home to over 400 wind turbines and a growing marine energy industry, developing cutting edge technology for what could be called a global energy transition. Situated off the north tip of the Scottish mainland, the archipelago is also home to a long-standing local population of just over 21,000 inhabitants. In fact, habitation in these islands stretches back over 5,000 years, a connection expressed by the local population. This thesis rests at the intersection of these two points of interest: energy and locality. Drawing from ethnographic fieldwork conducted between October 2013 and October 2014, this thesis analyses the communication of perceptions of renewable energy in the archipelago. It takes into consideration the specificity of one particular network of relations: the individuals employed or otherwise involved in the development and production of this energy while situating the specificity of these perceptions within the larger body of residents. Here, collective history, the importance of place, and maintenance of identity are intimately tied up in the range of perspectives present, as well as within the very promotion of the industry. The relationship between individual perception and collective affirmation, the existence of multiple spheres of realities, the simplification of realities in the communication meaning, and the relationship between nodes of interaction are all analysed. While far from a constantly discussed occurrence, the presence of renewable energy in Orkney has provided residents with a mobilising force, an impetus for discussions of the self, of identity and belonging, of the importance of place, and of the relationship between the past, present and future.
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Schuette, Krystal M. "Endependence: renewable energy in a rural community." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8780.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Mary C. Kingery-Page
Rural Kansas communities are almost entirely dependent on large energy corporations. These corporations, in turn, are almost completely dependent on fossil fuels for energy production. Three major implications exist within these dependencies: 1) the dependence of rural communities on large corporations reduces the potential of a local economy to support itself; 2) the dependence on fossil fuels has severe environmental impacts; and 3) fossil fuels are non-renewable resources and will inevitably be exhausted. A rural Kansas community has resources necessary to achieve and maintain energy independence in a renewable manner. The design of these systems in regard to economy, society, aesthetics, technology, and ecology will play a key role in sustaining these resources into the future. The intent of the project is to create a tool for rural communities to evaluate localized renewable energy potential using Washington, Kansas as an example. Several questions were addressed to determine the capacity and feasibility of each local energy resource: What renewable energy resources are available to a rural Kansas community and are they sufficient for the community to achieve energy independence? How can the resource or its production be designed and maintained in regard to its environmental impact and long-term viability? What are the implications of energy independence for the community’s identity? Because each question is dependent upon the answer to a previous question, a decision tree was the most viable method for the project’s analysis and development. Research into the technology and science associated with each resource provided a general knowledge of the definitions associated with and processes necessary to determine the feasibility of the resource. For resources receiving a positive feasibility rating, analysis continued with a basic cost/benefit analysis that compares potential costs involving implementation and maintenance with the payback, offsets, and incentives involved in utilizing each resource. Analysis of each feasible resource continued with site suitability analysis. The analysis of each resource resulted in resource maps showing potential implementation locations for three renewable resources studied: hydro, wind, and solar. The maps and accompanying graphics communicate the integration of renewable energy technologies into the existing community’s identity.
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Behrendt, Thomas. "Community renewable energy projects - The role of small scale projects for energy transition." Thesis, Behrendt, Thomas (2014) Community renewable energy projects - The role of small scale projects for energy transition. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/24573/.

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This research focuses on the evaluation of Community Renewable Energy Projects in the aspect of its role for energy transition. There are many reasons to believe, that the current energy system needs to be changed. So far our energy consumption was based on fossil fuels, with a number of adverse consequences. Therefore it is expected that a new energy system will replace the traditional one. The process of development from the old towards the new system is so called the energy transition. To achieve a successful development renewable energy based system, alternatives need to be found. One idea is to support Community Renewable Energy Projects (CREP). These are projects initiated by a local community, with the aim of independently making use of renewable energy. To gain knowledge on the characteristics of such projects, a case study was initiated, which was assessing the implementation process, the characteristics and the way of operation on the basis of four successfully completed examples. For the evaluation of the case studies an AMSWOT- analysis was applied. The outcomes of this research show the complexity of such projects. Due to the large number of participants in those projects, these are difficult to implement. But the assessed projects show that it is possible to use the diversity of involved people as a strength. Many successful projects have been implemented to date with a very positive outcome. In some countries those initiatives occupy a significant share of the renewable energy market. Many very small projects are forming a movement that can have significant influence on the energy system. But in other countries a contrasting development was found. CREP are not developed in those places. This shows the dependency of this kind of solution for energy transition on the existence of the right circumstances.
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Zahnd, Alexander. "The role of renewable energy technology in holistic community development." Thesis, Zahnd, Alexander (2012) The role of renewable energy technology in holistic community development. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/21881/.

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Nepal is a unique country, in regard to its culture, people, geography, ecosystems and climate. It is situated in the lap of the Himalayas, landlocked between China to the north and India to the south, east and west. It was previously cut-off by thick forests and jungles infested with malaria and dangerous animals, and its culture developed in isolation from any foreign influence. The rich resources of Nepal, in particular the abundant water flowing from the Himalayas down to the Indian sub-continent, and its abundant solar energy, are heavily underutilised. Thus, ~75% of Nepal’s rural people are deprived of even the most basic energy services. They rely on traditional biomass such as firewood, agricultural residues and dung, for their daily cooking, heating and lighting purposes. With a human development index (HDI) of 0.458, Nepal ranks among the poorest developing countries. Theory and practice reveal that in recent decades, community development addressed mostly the individual needs of projects’ end-users, with often minimal interaction and participation of the receiver. This resulted in minimal long-term impact and/or new opportunities for the beneficiaries. The thesis aims to make a contribution to an improved approach to the community development of Nepal’s people within their context and identified needs. It argues that appropriate and sustainable solutions for long-term development of local communities demand that people’s self identified needs are recognised and addressed in holistic ways. This is because communities have multi-faceted needs, which are all dependent on, and interlinked with, each other, and thus can’t be addressed through single-strand projects. Further, utilising the communities’ locally available resources is crucial for long-term sustainable development. Accordingly, the thesis’ main research questions are: • What is the appropriate role of renewable energy technology in holistic community development? and • Does the newly developed holistic community development concept of the “Family of 4” and the “Family of 4 PLUS” provide a sustainable way of improving the quality of life for remote and impoverished mountain communities in Nepal? The research shows that tapping into the locally available renewable energy resources, and converting them through contextualised renewable energy technologies, has to be a central part of community development. This is done, through the study of practical examples of appropriate technologies for some of Nepal’s remotest, high-altitude village communities, who live under the harshest imaginable conditions. The research shows that the most commonly expressed needs of the communities are for improved and easier access to basic energy services, and better hygiene and health conditions. Therefore the author developed the new Holistic Community Development (HCD) concept of the “Family of 4” (a Pit Latrine, a Stove, Basic Indoor Lighting and Clean Drinking Water). Once the “Family of 4” HCD is effectively implemented, the “Family of 4 PLUS”, with various additional measures (such as greenhouse, solar drier, solar water heater, slow sand water filter) is introduced. This thesis looks at the role of renewable energy technologies (RETs), designed for a specific context, to meet identified community needs embedded in the new HCD concepts. RETs such as solar PV, solar thermal (water heating, food cooking and drying), pico-hydro power, small wind turbines and biomass (firewood) cooking and heating stoves, are discussed within the context of implemented, village based, HCD projects. Impact data presented show encouraging results, and thus it can be claimed that the main research questions can be positively affirmed. The HCD approach produces synergies between the various components which provide additional benefits to the recipients at no extra cost. The newly developed RETs and HCD concepts include various new locally manufactured technologies, providing a contribution to the steady growth of the local economy. Numerous suggestions and recommendations for further R&D are presented.
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Pathak, Ruchie. "Sharing the Sun: Community Solar in Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587682849293268.

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Greenius, Leigh, Elsa Jagniecki, and Kati Thompson. "Moving Towards Sustainable Community Renewable Energy : A Strategic Approach for Communities." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2609.

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The developed world relies on an enormous supply of electricity and heat energy to power countless daily activities, predominantly using non-renewable fossil fuels. Although this energy assists people in meeting their basic human needs, the way in which it is produced is at odds with the ability of people to continue to meet their needs in the future. The current trend towards renewable energy generation in the developed world that involves community members is a positive step away from current unsustainable energy practices. A Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) approach helps to guide planning and decision making by using a vision of a sustainable energy future to assist in undertaking strategic actions. To offer practical support to communities wanting to work towards sustainable energy generation, this research combines the experience of communities undertaking Community Renewable Energy projects with an SSD approach, producing a Sustainable Community Renewable Energy Tool.
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Stow, Maddy. "The carbon saving potential of community renewable energy in the UK." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669033.

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This research answers the question: what is the potential of community renewable energy projects to reduce carbon emissions in the United Kingdom (UK)? This research provides evidence of the benefits of community energy projects in the UK that have been identified as lacking in a recent report produced for the Department of Energy and Climate Change. The work is based on analysis of primary data collected from 13 community energy projects that were active in 2011 in England and Wales. The 13 projects were based around energy generation and cover three types of technology: photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and hydro power. A qualitative assessment is carried out of interviews conducted with representatives of the community energy projects to examine why certain actions are taken during the development and delivery of the projects. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to these case studies to calculate their carbon impact in three areas: directly through installation of the project; indirectly through use of the income stream created by the project; and indirectly due to behaviour change in the community caused by increased knowledge and/or acceptance of energy generation and climate change issues. The LCA results are then used to model the potential impact of the community energy projects that have already been installed in the UK. The results of the work suggest that community energy projects do generally reduce carbon emissions in the UK. However use of the income stream typically reduces the potential for the community energy project to reduce carbon emissions. Behaviour change in households to install additional energy generation can increase the potential for the community energy project to reduce carbon emissions. The impact, both positive and negative that government policy has had on the sector is significant despite the perceived independent nature of the sector.
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Prevedi, Andrea. "Energy Communities in Italy." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21973/.

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Citizens are expected to have a great role in the future global energy transition toward a low-carbon economy and climate neutrality. The creation of energy communities can empower citizens, who become prosumers, providing flexibility and ancillary services, reducing losses and grid investment deferral. It also brings environmental and social benefits, activating virtuous circles in the local economy. The purpose of this work is to analyze the current regulatory framework energy community; a deeper analysis is performed on renewable energy community whose regulation has been already transposed in the Italian regulation. Moreover, a realistic business-case is presented in order to verify the feasibility of a renewable energy community and a collective self-consumption schemes in the CAAB-FICO area. The final part of the work seeks to present an overview of the possible future perspectives regarding energy community and their possible contribution to smart-cities development. Particular attention has been given to the role of the energy management system in an energy community and a how it can be designed to improve the community’s energy efficiency through the implementation of production and load forecasts.
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Wlokas, Holle Linnea. "Implementing community renewables: institutional work in South Africa's renewable energy procurement programme." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26889.

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In 2014, for the first time in its history, South Africa fed the national electricity grid with electricity generated through utility-scale renewable energy projects. The Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) is the policy instrument driving this change. The process requires bidding private energy companies to commit resources in alleviation of local socio-economic needs. This thesis analyses the question how the institutions evolve in the implementation of community benefit requirements. The theoretical frameworks of institutional work and logics helps to analyse this new organizational field and interaction of various actors in government, industries and communities. An action research approach grounds this research empirically and aims to create the opportunity for actors to reflect on their actions and engagement in the community benefit implementation process. The research asks how are government, companies and communities shape institutions in the implementation of the community benefit requirements in South Africa's REIPPPP? The study first analyses the procurement requirements for community benefit and ownership, then, secondly, reviews the first 64 approved project bids for suggestions made in response to these requirements. A third research step involves fieldwork in 13 wind and solar projects across the country, the fieldwork consisting of interviews with project stakeholders about their experiences. The research negotiates access to an emerging and competitive, but also enquiring industry, one that has shared with the researcher important insights into its evolving community engagement and its development practices and considerations. The findings reveal that, in the implementation of South Africa's community renewables, government and companies dominate institutional work efforts in the stages of policy formulation and project development. But communities, the least informed and capacitated actor among the three, face the results and they have particular ways of responding, including corrective and disruptive ways. Reflective spaces are dominated by industry and strategically exclude communities from both asserting their experiences as well as from the opportunity to participate in creating collective understanding and agreeable processes that would foster the long-term relationship between company and community. This is a shortcoming that requires urgent attention to ensure positive institutional work and developmental impact.
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Books on the topic "Community renewable energy groups"

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European Parliament. Directorate-General for Research. Community action plan for renewable energies. Luxembourg: European Parliament, Directorate General for Research, 1996.

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Pahl, Greg. The citizen-powered energy handbook: Community solutions to a global crisis. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing Company, 2007.

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Zahnd, Alexander. The Role of Renewable Energy Technology in Holistic Community Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03989-3.

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Canada. Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Renewable Energy Division. Remote community demonstration program. Phase 1, report summaries. [Ottawa]: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1985.

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Stephen, Gitonga, Clemens Elisabeth, and United Nations Development Programme, eds. Expanding access to modern energy services: Replicating, scaling up and mainstreaming at the local level : lessons from community-based energy initiatives. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2006.

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author, Patterson Trista, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Community energy management in Sitka, Alaska: What strategies can help increase energy independence? Portland, Or.]: United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2013.

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Isingoma, James Baanabe. Sustainable energy & community participation in biomass-based cogeneration in Uganda. Nairobi, Kenya: AFREPREN/FWD, 2007.

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Keane, Brian F. Green is good: Save money, make money, and help your community profit from clean energy. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press, 2013.

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Minnesota. Legislature. Electric Energy Task Force. Community-Based Energy Development Advisory Task Force. Community-Based Energy Development (C-BED) Advisory Task Force report. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Dept. of Administration, Management Analysis and Development, 2008.

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Ames, J. Reaching the environmental community: Designing an information program for the NREL Biofuels Program : May 2002 - May 2003. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Community renewable energy groups"

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Mazzà, Guglielmo, Marco Pasini, Silvia Ricci, Matthew Matimbwi, and Giampietro Pizzo. "Establishing Local Power Markets and Enabling Financial Access to Solar Photovoltaic Technologies: Experiences in Rural Tanzania." In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection, 263–80. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_11.

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AbstractEnergy inclusion is a major concern in Tanzania, where rural areas are widely lacking access to both power networks and off-grid systems. Different barriers are slowing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7: universal electrification in the country raises concerns in delays and equity. Financial exclusion adds to the complexity of adopting appropriate technological solutions, particularly for rural communities. Solar photovoltaic solutions represent an opportunity to increase energy access and enable growth. The introduction of new technological products requires to establish local power markets, including demand, financial resources and providers, supply mechanisms and after-sale services. The financing of renewable energy solutions for rural households partially relies on microfinance institutions and community financial groups. Technology suppliers are also providing financial services to expand access to solar and photovoltaic products, applying models mostly enabled by mobile payment systems. The paper assesses the effects of an initiative implemented in Malinyi and Kilombero districts to support the establishment of local solar power markets. The involvement of Village Community Banks to engage communities and develop sustainable financial schemes is evaluated, together with the complexity of combining awareness raising on technological solutions and financial education. Results of the implementation are presented and discussed evaluating the different ingredients of the established markets.
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Razfar, Aria, and Beverly Troiano. "Community Renewable Energy." In Action Research in STEM and English Language Learning, 45–62. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351001168-3.

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Narayanan, Arun, and Pedro H. J. Nardelli. "Community Renewable Energy Systems." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_114-1.

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Narayanan, Arun, and Pedro H. J. Nardelli. "Community Renewable Energy Systems." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 176–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95864-4_114.

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Smith, Ida Dokk. "Energy Transition and Social Movements: The Rise of a Community Choice Movement in California." In Renewable Energy, 91–129. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14207-0_4.

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Kaied, Yaser Omar Rajab, Abdul Salam Darwish, and Peter Farrell. "Sustainable Buildings for Sustainable Community in the Emirate of Ajman – UAE." In Innovative Renewable Energy, 409–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76221-6_49.

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Mey, Franziska, and Jarra Hicks. "Community Owned Renewable Energy: Enabling the Transition Towards Renewable Energy?" In Decarbonising the Built Environment, 65–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7940-6_4.

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Ahmed, Sanjana, Mark Sumner, and Arthur Williams. "An Analysis for Benefits of Shared Community Energy Storage for three Real Settlements in the UK." In Innovative Renewable Energy, 731–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76221-6_81.

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Madriz-Vargas, Rolando, Anna Bruce, and Muriel Watt. "Community renewable energy in developing countries." In Energy, Resource Extraction and Society, 105–23. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies of the extractive industries: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351213943-7.

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Curran, Giorel. "Community Renewable Energy and Collaborative Governance." In Civic Engagement, Community-Based Initiatives and Governance Capacity, 199–218. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge critical studies in public management: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429286032-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Community renewable energy groups"

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Kawana, Masataka, Masahiro Osakabe, and Kunihiko Mouri. "Smart System for Disaster-Proof Community With Distributed Energy and IT Network." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55356.

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Variety researches and developments have been performed in order to decrease the emission of carbon dioxides as known of major cause on global warming. The SMART study group has proposed a concept of the solution for the low carbon dioxides emission and the disaster-proof community cooperating with industries, academics and municipal offices. This concept is based on the distributed energy network as known as SMART grid technology proposed in 2004. The system consists of the micro-grid system with distributed energy and IT network securing the power supply apart from the power utility in case of emergency and disasters. The proposed SMART system has major three functions. The first is to provide the ability to use the renewable energy generated in the local community. The renewable energy is most expected one but the output is too fluctuating to use usually. The second is to provide the tools to cooperate with citizens. The advanced demand-side control can contribute to save the energy. The third is to prepare for the disaster as mentioned above.
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Chen, Yang, Ahmad Abu-Heiba, Saiid Kassaee, Chenang Liu, Guodong Liu, Michael Starke, Brennan T. Smith, and Ayyoub M. Momen. "Heat Based Power Augmentation for Modular Pumped Hydro Storage in Smart Buildings Operation." In ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2021 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2021-60517.

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Abstract In the U.S., building sector is responsible for around 40% of total energy consumption and contributes about 40% of carbon emissions since 2012. Within the past several years, various optimization models and control strategies have been studied to improve buildings energy efficiency and reduce operational expenses under the constraints of satisfying occupants’ comfort requirements. However, the majority of these studies consider building electricity demand and thermal load being satisfied by unidirectional electricity flow from the power grid or on-site renewable energy generation to electrical and thermal home appliances. Opportunities for leveraging low grade heat for electricity have largely been overlooked due to impracticality at small scale. In 2016, a modular pumped hydro storage technology was invented in Oak Ridge National Laboratory, named Ground Level Integrated Diverse Energy Storage (GLIDES). In GLIDES, employing high efficiency hydraulic machinery instead of gas compressor/turbine, liquid is pumped to compress gas inside high-pressure vessel creating head on ground-level. This unique design eliminates the geographical limitation associated with existing state of the art energy storage technologies. It is easy to be scaled for building level, community level and grid level applications. Using this novel hydro-pneumatic storage technology, opportunities for leveraging low-grade heat in building can be economical. In this research, the potential of utilizing low-grade thermal energy to augment electricity generation of GLIDES is investigated. Since GLIDES relies on gas expansion in the discharge process and the gas temperature drops during this non-isothermal process, available thermal energy, e.g. from thermal storage, Combined Cooling, Heat and Power system (CCHP), can be utilized by GLIDES to counter the cooling effect of the expansion process and elevate the gas temperature and pressure and boost the roundtrip efficiency. Several groups of comparison experiments have been conducted and the experimental results show that a maximum 12.9% cost saving could be achieved with unlimited heat source for GLIDES, and a moderate 3.8% cost improvement can be expected when operated coordinately with CCHP and thermal energy storage in a smart building.
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Wibowo, Agung, Anton Humala Doloksaribu, and Aditya Cahya Kurnia Rahman. "Access to Environmentally Friendly Energy and Capacity Building for Communities in the 3T Frontier, Outermost and Least Developed Region Through the Corporate Social Responsibility Program." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205598-ms.

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Abstract PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Tarakan Field (PEP Tarakan Field) is one of the upstream oil and gas companies that play an active role in improving the community's welfare around its operational area through social responsibility programs. Through renewable energy access, community empowerment was one of the activities carried out in Tepian Village, Sembakung District, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. This activity aimed to provide an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly and more cost-effective to help reduce the cost of living for the underprivileged communities in the village. The concept of implementing the social responsibility program adapted by Tarakan Field consists of 4 elements: Organizing Identity, Organizing Transactivity, Organizing System, and Organizing Accountability. The program implementation began with a social mapping that includes data on beneficiaries of the diesel generator conversion program into a Solar-cell Home System. Then, conducted a Focus Group Discussion with village officials and related agencies to listen to suggestions and input on this program. Approximately 30 housing units/140 people from the pre-prosperous group became the beneficiaries of this program. Several residents were also given training in maintenance skills of the Solar-cell Home System unit, following the standards and procedures implemented by the company. Periodically, monitoring is also carried out to see how far the beneficiaries feel the program's impact. In addition, the implementation of monitoring was also helpful to detect obstacles encountered in program implementation so that improvements could be made immediately. Evaluation is carried out every year and at the end of the program mentoring period to see how far the beneficiaries feel the program's impact. Monitoring and evaluation carried out by Tarakan Field also involved other agencies such as academics to involve various disciplines. After this program was implemented, there was a 50% living costs reduction of the underprivileged groups because they no longer needed to buy diesel to turn on the diesel generator as a source of electrical energy. In addition, there is a reduction in carbon emissions from diesel generators and a decrease in noise levels in the environment around the village. This social responsibility program also supported the government's third point in the Nawacita programs: to build Indonesia from the margins and support the program to achieve the seven sustainable development goals (SDGs), namely clean and affordable energy. In 2017, this program became a trigger for the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia assistance program in the form of a Solar-cell unit with a capacity of 75 kWp, which can accommodate the needs of the entire house network in Tepian Village.
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Schauer, Raymond H., and Leah K. Richter. "Breaking Ground for a New 3,000 Ton Per Day Waste to Energy Facility." In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7040.

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Created in 1978, the Solid Waste Authority of Palm Beach County (Authority) has developed an “award winning” solid waste management system that includes the following facilities to service the residents and businesses in Palm Beach County, Florida: • North County Resource Recovery Facility (NCRRF); • Residential and Commercial Recovered Materials Processing Facility; • Six Transfer Stations; • Class I Landfill; • Class III Landfill; • Biosolids Processing Facility; • Ferrous Processing Facility; • Woody Waste Recycling Facility; • Composting Facility; and • Two Household Hazardous Waste Facilities. The Authority has proactively planned and implemented an integrated program to provide for the long term, reliable, economically sound and environmentally sustainable management of solid waste in Palm Beach County. The County’s anticipated growth necessitated that the Authority evaluate several options for long-term processing and disposal capacity. This resulted in a decision to expand its WTE capacity with a new mass burn facility, the first facility of its kind to be constructed in the US in almost two decades, reaffirming its commitment to waste-to-energy. The planned 3,000 TPD facility will provide the Authority with a total disposal capacity of 5,000 TPD generating approximately 150MW of renewable energy. The decision to proceed with the expansion was approved by the Authority’s Board in October 2008. The Authority, with its Consulting Engineer, Malcolm Pirnie/ARCADIS, has since made significant progress in the implementation of this landmark project including the completion of the preliminary design, securing environmental permits, procuring a full service vendor, issuance of nearly $600 million revenue bonds for signing an electrical sales contract, and ongoing extensive public outreach efforts. This presentation will focus on the ongoing development of the new mass burn facility and an update of the status of activities conducted to date such as: • Environmental Permitting – Issuance of the PPSA Conditions of Certification and submittal of the Post Certification/Pre Construction requirements; • Vendor Procurement – Iterative procurement process designed to obtain vendor input through final selection and contract award of a full service vendor (Design, Build and Operate); • Preliminary Design – Innovative design features such as the utilization of SCR technology for control of NOx emission and incorporation of rainwater harvesting and water reuse; • Public Outreach – the Authority’s efforts to keep the public informed through mass mailings, community meetings, television commercials and educational materials for all audiences; and • Financing – Approach designed to preserve alternative minimum tax benefits.
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Melo, Henrique A., and Christian Heinrich. "Energy balance in a Renewable Energy Community." In 2011 10th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2011.5874862.

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Cilio, Debora, Giuseppe Barone, Pasquale Vizza, Gaetano Polizzi, Stefano Mendicino, Michele Mercuri, Luca Mendicino, Maurizio Vizza, and Giovanni Brusco. "The Energy of crisis. Towards Renewable Energy Community." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2021 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope51590.2021.9584564.

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Kurtz, Jennifer, Keith Wipke, and Sam Sprik. "Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration: Study of Factors Affecting Fuel Cell Degradation." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65034.

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The 5 year “Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation Project” (or Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration) was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in 2004. The purpose of the project is to conduct an integrated field validation that simultaneously examines the performance of fuel cell vehicles and the supporting hydrogen infrastructure. Four industry teams are currently operating more than 92 vehicles and 14 refueling stations throughout the United States. More than 40 additional vehicles and several additional refueling stations will be added to the project through 2009. At the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), on-road driving and refueling data are analyzed to assess the technology status and progress, as well as to provide feedback to the hydrogen research and development community. A new/updated set of public results, in the form of composite data products (constructed to protect the intellectual property of the four teams), is released twice a year in the spring and fall. In addition to the public results, detailed analyses results are shared with each participating team. One of the analyses studies fuel cell degradation. The study includes following the fuel cell performance degradation trends, e.g. identifying fuel cell stacks that are decaying at a different rate than others of a similar design and in the same fleet, and explores connections between the real world data and fuel cell degradation. This study differs from other degradation studies in a lab setting or at the single cell level because this study uses full scale fuel cell stacks in vehicles with on-road driving and refueling. In the study, researchers investigate degradation factors by applying multivariate analyses for each individual team and for the combination of all four teams. Detailed results are reviewed with the individual teams in an effort to improve each analysis iteration and comprehension of the results. This paper will detail NREL’s study of fuel cell degradation factors by describing the process, reviewing the latest public results, and reporting on any observed dominant factor groups affecting fuel cell degradation.
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Wiesenthal, Jan, and Frieder Schnabel. "Multi-use of Community Energy Storage." In International Renewable Energy Storage Conference 2021 (IRES 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahe.k.220301.015.

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Leicester, Philip, Paul Rowley, and Chris Goodier. "Evaluating The Impacts Of Community Renewable Energy Initiatives." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.27.08.

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Cejka, Stephan, Franz Zeilinger, Argjenta Veseli, Marie-Theres Holzleitner, and Mark Stefan. "A Blockchain-based Privacy-friendly Renewable Energy Community." In 9th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009391300950103.

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Reports on the topic "Community renewable energy groups"

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Carlisle, N., J. Elling, and T. Penney. Renewable Energy Community: Key Elements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922880.

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Sison-Lebrilla, Elaine, Valentino Tiangco, Marco Lemes, and Kathleen Ave. SMUD Community Renewable Energy Deployment Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1185122.

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England, Sid. Final Technical Report - West Village Energy Initiative: Community Renewable Energy Deployment Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1157557.

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OShaughnessy, Eric J., Jenny S. Heeter, Julien Gattaciecca, Jennifer Sauer, Kelly Trumbull, and Emily I. Chen. Community Choice Aggregation: Challenges, Opportunities, and Impacts on Renewable Energy Markets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494285.

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Graham, Bruce. Cloud County Community College Wind Energy Technology Project and Renewable Energy Center of Excellence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1239597.

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Gleason, T. C. J. Renewable energy for America's cities: Advanced Community Energy Systems Proposed Research, Development and Demonstration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6651307.

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Gleason, T. C. J. Renewable energy for America`s cities: Advanced Community Energy Systems Proposed Research, Development and Demonstration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138781.

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Gleason, T. C. J. Cogeneration and beyond: The need and opportunity for high efficiency, renewable community energy systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7112043.

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Gleason, T. C. J. Cogeneration and beyond: The need and opportunity for high efficiency, renewable community energy systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10170183.

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DeRocher, Andy, and Michael Barrnett. Stockbridge Munsee Community Health and Wellness Center and the Mohican Family Center Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Feasibility Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1176954.

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