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1
Buck, Alison R. "Learning Community Participation and Sense of Community." NCSU, 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07062006-115946/.
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To perform well and persist at universities, students need to feel socially and academically integrated. Many universities have instituted learning communities to promote both types of involvement. I explore whether participants in learning communities develop a greater sense of community in the classroom and the university than non-participants. My sample consists of 273 first year students in 31 small seminar classes in a variety of disciplines. My comparison group is 73 first-year students taking introductory sociology courses. I also control for the effects of race, gender, family income, residence type and course subject. This study represents one of the many ways that sociology can contribute to the understanding of college student behavior
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Pitman, Sheryn Dee. "Community participation in environmental rehabilitation /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp685.pdf.
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Hobbs, Sarah Jennifer. "Community participation in biodiversity monitoring." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2377/.
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The involvement of communities with wildlife is increasing on a global scale. Participatory approaches differ across the world, from natural resource management, environmental quality monitoring, to species and habitat data gathered through citizen science programmes. The personal and community benefits of engaging with nature are acknowledged through ongoing research, particularly in terms of health and wellbeing, yet simultaneously people are becoming increasingly distanced from nature due to factors such as urbanisation. In order to maximise the benefits associated with participatory initiatives, it is important to engage with a cross section of societal groups, providing opportunities for all, at the same time as collecting wildlife data from all habitats. In this study, I confirm that participation in citizen science can achieve social and potentially community-level benefits on national, local and individual scales. Through semi-structured qualitative interviews, I found that conservation organisations strive to engage with a cross section of societal groups. However, postcode analysis of current wildlife recording scheme participants confirmed that socioeconomically deprived communities are under-represented in these activities. I designed a simple garden wildlife study in a socioeconomically deprived community to investigate the reasons behind this, and found that although a proportion of residents were motivated to participate, the majority had not done so in the past, which was largely attributed to a lack of awareness of opportunities. Despite this, many of these participants shared the same motivations for participation as those currently engaged. Working with a small group of community volunteers, I used semi-structured interviews to reveal that participation in an ecological study can bring about positive personal benefits with the potential to lead on to wider positive outcomes in the future. A significant factor in these transformative effects appeared to be the role of activity practitioners in supporting future participation. Alongside this investigation, a study of habitat use by hedgehogs in an urban setting, current garden management, and resources in the wider area appeared to have a positive effect upon hedgehogs. Throughout all participants in this study, motivations for involvement were centred on contributing to a local study, an interest in the focal wildlife species/taxa, helping conservation and learning. Gardening for wildlife was a popular activity, with many participants reporting both an active encouragement of wildlife into the garden, and a desire to learn more about this topic. This thesis demonstrates how traditional environmental activities are not successfully engaging with people from socioeconomically deprived communities. There are likely to be many factors associated with this, but from the findings of this research, some recommendations can be made to improve future participatory approaches as well as building upon the positive effects of working with community volunteers.
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Jewkes, Rachel Katherine. "Meanings of 'community' in community participation in health promotion." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/meanings-of-community-in-community-participation-in-health-promotion(b6de367c-b093-4d06-a81b-42bb9746d344).html.
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Galewski, Nancy. "Campesino community participation in watershed management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34753.
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A series of threats face campesino communities' water management practices in the Callejón de Huaylas (upper region of the Santa Watershed). Competition for water resources is escalating due to increasing demand, decreasing supply, and a rise in contamination levels, leaving campesino communities in a precarious state as a result of their marginalized position in Peruvian society. Competition for water resources occurs between upstream and downstream users and amongst sectors including mining, agriculture, hydropower, and domestic water users. The national government recently passed an integrated water resource management system to improve water governance. However, bureaucratic tendencies make it unlikely that campesinos will receive an adequate share of resources.
Campesino communities in the Callejón need to adopt new strategies to improve their position vis á-vis other sectors and resist capture of resources. Campesinos are important to the discussion of water resource management because they have long established systems of self-regulated management and need to be included in the new system of watershed governance. This research first examines local water management strategies and integrated water management through four characteristics: 1) how is water framed, 2) is decision-making participatory, 3) is water management appropriate to the local and regional level, and 4) is it possible to monitor activity and impose consequences for unauthorized water usage. Interviews with campesino community members and leaders, local officials, regional representatives, and non-governmental organizations found opportunities to collaborate between groups and transfer some management responsibilities to a more regional watershed scale. Second, this research examines the opportunities and barriers to scaling up traditional management practices to meet regional needs while ensuring local water availability. Scaling decision-making is imperative for successful integrated water management and will allow campesino communities to continue to manage their water to meet local needs. Shifting the decision-making scale may facilitate more effective watershed governance with campesino community participation.
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Scofield, Joseph. "British churches, participation and community development." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548098.
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In the British welfare sector, the role of religious groups in offering faith based welfare provision is substantial and addresses a wide variety of needs. Such action is not confined to the Christian faith, since other religious faiths generate welfare initiatives of their own. Nor is faith motivated welfare provision restricted to meeting basic human needs, as it can include efforts to build community relations and also encompasses community development approaches that support citizens to come together to create self-help projects. In fact the latter themes sometimes appear linked in social policy where community development is seen as a way of generating cohesive and cooperative communities, particularly in areas where there are ethnic divides to be bridged (Pearmain and Hatamian 2011: 1-2). This thesis focusses on one aspect of faith involvement in the welfare sector. It investigates whether British churches can adopt a community development approach, and in so doing, produce the positive outcomes that are associated with community participation neighbourhood regeneration. In this chapter I show how that topic has become pertinent to today’s welfare climate and the community development profession. I introduce a number of research questions that must be answered in order to argue that churches can embrace a community development approach, and outline how these questions are addressed in my literature reviews and case studies of churches in the chapters that follow.
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Dube, Nobayethi. "Evaluating community participation in development projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2139.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.Community participation is a concept that is frequently mentioned in community development. Practitioners in development believe that in order for projects to succeed, communities need to actively take part in designing, implementing and shaping the projects that affect them. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate community participation by measuring quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation. It is important to note that there are no universal indicators of participation. The thesis presents three projects as case studies. In order to measure participation in the three cases, the quantitative and qualitative indicators of participation of Oakley et al. are reviewed. The indicators are applied across all three cases and the analysis indicates whether they were high, low or absent. It is also important to note that to measure participation effectively requires one to spend lengthy periods at the project site and this proved to be a challenge, as will be shown in the thesis. The thesis also demonstrates that to a large extent community participation is contextual. Of the three projects, two were rural projects and one an urban project. The two rural projects, Mongoaneng Development Forum and TsweloPele Women‟s Co-operative, were initiated by members of the community and aimed at addressing issues of poverty. The urban project, Motherwell Youth Development Forum, was specifically targeting young people with the aim of providing them with skills. Key findings include the fact that each of the cases was highly diverse, and furthermore, when measuring these cases, a common thread was that not all participation indicators were present at any given stage. Another key finding is that co-operation amongst project members tends to yield positive results and the reverse yields negative results. Another finding relates to the sustainability of the projects, pointing to the fact that even though two of the cases were doing well, their sustainability was questionable.
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Jeffrey, Barbara. "Community participation in decentralising local government." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7227/.
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This thesis examines recent experiments with participatory democracy in the context of decentralised local government. It charts the evolution in attitudes to the role of the generality of citizens in their own government, from commentators who were convinced that stability depended upon their apathy, to the current belief that mass involvement will save local democracy from deteriorating further into crisis. From the literature it is apparent that various authorities have pursued decentralisation initiatives for very different, sometimes conflicting reasons, not all concerned with democratisation. These have frequently been only vaguely articulated and then half-heartedly implemented. Where democratisation has actually been attempted and has included a participatory element, it is the particular contention here that there has been a mismatch between the structures adopted and the objectives to be achieved such that the community participants involved are prevented from playing the role envisaged for them. Furthermore, it is argued that a belief that the emergent participants are non political overlooks their true party affiliations; consequently there has been a failure to introduce sufficient safeguards to ensure true accountability to the constituents for whom they are intended to speak. The case studies on which the research is based are drawn from Scotland where there is an existing grassroots network of community councils which might have formed the building block for any new structures of involvement. Two quite contrasting models are examined, one primarily intended to improve the council's responsiveness to local needs and aspirations in regard to provision of public services, and one intended to offset disadvantage through empowerment. These are evaluated in the light of the above hypotheses and alternative models are evolved better suited to achieving the council's apparent aims. Finally lessons are drawn in relation to their effectiveness or otherwise as examples of new forms of participatory democracy which would have a potential to lower the barriers to involvement by those who currently choose, or are forced, to remain excluded from our present representative forms of democracy.
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Free, Pamela J. Smith. "Exploring Community Participation in Sustainable Williamson." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1449057566.
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Leksakundilok, Anucha. "Community Participation in Ecotourism Development in Thailand." University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/668.
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Ecotourism emerged as an alternative form of tourism in the 1990s to mitigate the faults of conventional (mass) tourism in meeting the needs of sustainable development. It has since become widespread in Thailand and is adopted not only in natural areas but also in rural communities. Key elements of ecotourism include a focus on ecological resources, sustainable management, environmental education, and community participation. Community participation receives a high degree of consideration among developers in Thailand. Ecotourism (ET) is seen to support this concept and is increasingly geared in the direction of social development. These trends form the backdrop to this study on community participation in ecotourism development. The study applies a triangulation methodology to collect data by combining both qualitative and quantitative methods, combining theory and empirical study to analyse the context of how local people have participated in ecotourism development. The study pays particular attention to the practices and opinions of local people in recognition of communities' rights and responsibilities in controlling their own development. The empirical study was carried out at two levels, including a general survey by postal questionnaire (thirty-one respondents) and in-depth study in four areas (Umphang, Khiriwong, Sasom and Tha Madua). The research merges theory and practice into an analysis and empirical presentation throughout the study. Theoretically, the thesis is informed by political economy and political ecology approaches, together with the concept of participation in community development and tourism development models. The research found that many communities achieve a degree of self-management in offering tourism services such as homestays, guided tours, cultural performances and cultural products. Community ecotourism organisations have been established in most communities in order to serve these new activities and to create a collective management process. Similarities in pattern and differentiation in practices among many communities were supported by different outside initiatives, developed according to similar aims and involving similar processes, but there is no uniformity or single model that is effectively applied to all communities. One significant barrier for local communities to take a major role in ecotourism is the access to ecotourism resources, which are mostly located in protected areas and are controlled by state agencies. This has led them to promote primarily their own cultural resources. Consequently, these practical changes have led to a transformation of the dominant development concept from Ecotourism (ET) to Community-based Ecotourism (CBET). Results also show that most practices involve a level of cooperation in decision-making and action with other stakeholders who are in a better position to run tourism businesses. It is difficult for local communities to be empowered to control the whole situation, which is sometimes claimed to be the ultimate goal level of local participation. The demands of marketing and conflict in management among local people, together with the limitations in accessing natural resources, are the weakest points of and constraints on the communities. To deal with these limitations, communities try to create relationships with outsiders. To develop better management of community tourism, many communities rely on help and support from outside, especially from government agencies. This, however, impels the community to become dependent on outsiders. It is also hard for communities to generate a high level of income offering basic services, since there are many levels of demand from different types of ecotourists. In summary, the main contributions of this study are: an understanding of community tourism in Thailand; the experiences of ecotourism development in the community from the leading case studies; directions, roles and responsibilities of actors and community organisations in particular; a range of options for community action in support of a more participatory process in ecotourism development. Last but not least is a set of recommendations for community-based ecotourism development from the level of policy application to practical improvement at the community level.
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Leksakundilok, Anucha. "Community Participation in Ecotourism Development in Thailand." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/668.
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Ecotourism emerged as an alternative form of tourism in the 1990s to mitigate the faults of conventional (mass) tourism in meeting the needs of sustainable development. It has since become widespread in Thailand and is adopted not only in natural areas but also in rural communities. Key elements of ecotourism include a focus on ecological resources, sustainable management, environmental education, and community participation. Community participation receives a high degree of consideration among developers in Thailand. Ecotourism (ET) is seen to support this concept and is increasingly geared in the direction of social development. These trends form the backdrop to this study on community participation in ecotourism development. The study applies a triangulation methodology to collect data by combining both qualitative and quantitative methods, combining theory and empirical study to analyse the context of how local people have participated in ecotourism development. The study pays particular attention to the practices and opinions of local people in recognition of communities' rights and responsibilities in controlling their own development. The empirical study was carried out at two levels, including a general survey by postal questionnaire (thirty-one respondents) and in-depth study in four areas (Umphang, Khiriwong, Sasom and Tha Madua). The research merges theory and practice into an analysis and empirical presentation throughout the study. Theoretically, the thesis is informed by political economy and political ecology approaches, together with the concept of participation in community development and tourism development models. The research found that many communities achieve a degree of self-management in offering tourism services such as homestays, guided tours, cultural performances and cultural products. Community ecotourism organisations have been established in most communities in order to serve these new activities and to create a collective management process. Similarities in pattern and differentiation in practices among many communities were supported by different outside initiatives, developed according to similar aims and involving similar processes, but there is no uniformity or single model that is effectively applied to all communities. One significant barrier for local communities to take a major role in ecotourism is the access to ecotourism resources, which are mostly located in protected areas and are controlled by state agencies. This has led them to promote primarily their own cultural resources. Consequently, these practical changes have led to a transformation of the dominant development concept from Ecotourism (ET) to Community-based Ecotourism (CBET). Results also show that most practices involve a level of cooperation in decision-making and action with other stakeholders who are in a better position to run tourism businesses. It is difficult for local communities to be empowered to control the whole situation, which is sometimes claimed to be the ultimate goal level of local participation. The demands of marketing and conflict in management among local people, together with the limitations in accessing natural resources, are the weakest points of and constraints on the communities. To deal with these limitations, communities try to create relationships with outsiders. To develop better management of community tourism, many communities rely on help and support from outside, especially from government agencies. This, however, impels the community to become dependent on outsiders. It is also hard for communities to generate a high level of income offering basic services, since there are many levels of demand from different types of ecotourists. In summary, the main contributions of this study are: an understanding of community tourism in Thailand; the experiences of ecotourism development in the community from the leading case studies; directions, roles and responsibilities of actors and community organisations in particular; a range of options for community action in support of a more participatory process in ecotourism development. Last but not least is a set of recommendations for community-based ecotourism development from the level of policy application to practical improvement at the community level.
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Casey, Lynda. "Perceptions of Community Health Board members regarding community empowerment and participation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/MQ36347.pdf.
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Cobbinah, J. E. "Barriers in community participation and rural development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5263.
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The concept of participation seems to reflect in most development programmes that involve people at the grassroots level. In Ghana, the introduction of the decentralization programme in the late 1980s that aimed at promoting effective, comprehensive and rapid development, more especially in the rural areas also adopted participatory approach. The approach led to the introductory of district assembly system which was to enhance the involvement of people at the grassroots in participatory activities. However, since the introduction of the decentralisation system to promote grassroots level participation, the people are still inactive and the level of involvement in development decision-making still remains weak. To clearly understand these problems, the thesis has aimed at answering the following research questions; how are rural people involved in participatory practice in the development activities in their area; what barriers affect and hinder the active participation of rural people and how could these be addressed? Answers to those questions helped to examine the nature of participation at the grassroots level; understand how the district assembly adopt participatory practice and to ascertain the nature of barriers that hinder effective participatory practice. Using a case study approach for the investigation, an interpretivists and constructivists were the philosophical underpinnings of the investigation. The data was gathered through the use of focus group discussions and one-to-one informal interviews. It was observed that, participation continues to reflect in most rural development programmes, but there are key barriers that still continue to hamper the effectiveness of participatory practice. Power relations, threats, intimidations and more especially the use of juju and witchcraft which never featured in most development literature are among the major barriers that continue to weaken local people readiness to actively participate. Most rural people feel threaten to participate for the fear of being bewitched or killed through the use of juju, witchcraft or black magical powers. Without critically and effectively addressing those bottlenecks and barriers, and put community members at the pivot of decision-making, the use of outsiders' knowledge and ideas alone to address the problems of participation with the hope of improving the lives of the rural people will not yield any significant result.
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Chung, Ming-wai Dacy, and 鍾明慧. "Residents cohesion and participation inside gated community." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42555395.
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Elsey, Helen. "Encouraging participation in a community health programme." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427707.
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Chang, Feng-Hang. "Community participation among people who are homeless." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30650.
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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Boston UniversityCommunity participation has been regarded as a goal for people with rehabilitation needs, but there is a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of community participation. In addition, there is limited knowledge about the community participation of individuals who are homeless. This dissertation contains three studies aimed at furthering our understanding about community participation among individuals who are, or were previously, homeless. Study 1 systematically reviewed instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and compared these instruments by analyzing the content based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Perspective (ICF) classification. Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items. None of these instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. Furthermore, most of the instruments lose precision by treating diverse activities as a single concept. [TRUNCATED]
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Nampila, Tutaleni. "Assessing community participation : the Huidare informal settlement." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2238.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.This study evaluates community participation in the Huidare Informal Settlement (HDIS) as a case study. The hypothesis is that the breach of trust between the previous community leaders of the HDIS and the current community members has an effect on community participation in issues affecting them and their community today. The research methodology employed is explained as well as the policy context for community participation both on an international level and in Namibia, is reviewed. The legislation on community participation that has been enforced by the City of Windhoek contradicts what happened in the HDIS. The possibility will be investigated as to whether these policy documents of the City of Windhoek are only another form of tokenism.
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Chung, Ming-wai Dacy. "Residents cohesion and participation inside gated community." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42555395.
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Bartholomeaux, Frances Marie 1955. "Variables influencing community cardiopulmonary resuscitation course participation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277318.
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This study investigated the variables influencing community cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) course participation. Forty-seven adults, male and female, participated in a descriptive study. Three questionnaires were given to participants of two community CPR courses: the Cues to Action questionnaire, the Health Belief Model in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation questionnaire, and the Health Self-Determinism Index. The results indicated positive relationships between an individual's perceived susceptibility of others and perceived benefits in CPR course participation and utilization, and between cues to action and intrinsic motivations, specifically health judgments. The results also demonstrated an expected negative correlation between perceived benefits and perceived barriers; i.e., the benefits outweighed the barriers to CPR course participation and utilization. The results are all marketable concepts which can be utilized in promoting CPR course utilization and participation.
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Chang, Feng-Hang. "Community participation among people who are homeless." Thesis, Boston University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12939.
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Thesis (Sc.D.)--Boston UniversityCommunity participation has been regarded as a goal for people with rehabilitation needs, but there is a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of community participation. In addition, there is limited knowledge about the community participation of individuals who are homeless. This dissertation contains three studies aimed at furthering our understanding about community participation among individuals who are, or were previously, homeless. Study 1 systematically reviewed instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and compared these instruments by analyzing the content based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Perspective (ICF) classification. Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items. None of these instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. Furthermore, most of the instruments lose precision by treating diverse activities as a single concept. [TRUNCATED]
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Bennett, Kellie. "Outcomes of community engagement in neighbourhood renewal: community confidence, participation and asset based community development." Thesis, Bennett, Kellie (2017) Outcomes of community engagement in neighbourhood renewal: community confidence, participation and asset based community development. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41318/.
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Rådelius, Elias. "Community Radio 2.0 - Reinventing Participation, Empowerment and Community in Converging Public Spheres." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23049.
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New technologies, such as social media and web services, are becoming increasingly common and important tools for community radio stations. The convergence of community radio, social media and web services opens up new opportunities for participation from the audience and challenges previous conceptions of community, participation, empowerment and the public sphere. This study focuses on how this convergence affects notions of participation, empowerment, community and the public sphere as well as the resulting challenges and opportunities. The study was conducted at three community radio stations in the Western Cape, South Africa and used a mixed-methods approach of qualitative interviews, a survey and netnographic observations of social media and web presence.The findings show that social media and web services increases and changes participation by extending possibilities to interact independently of spatiotemporal limitations of radio broadcasts. It has direct effects on the content of the radio shows and the audience is empowered as co-producers and contributors of content. Additionally, the interaction itself creates new content in other mediums, such as blogs. The study also shows how the converging public spheres of community radio and social media are contradictory as participation becomes economized and exclusionary and relies heavily on financial means, access and digital literacy of the community. The expanded, global reach of community radio also challenges the notion of community as it includes distant and diasporic communities. However, the presence in the global mediascape harmonizes with community radio values of self-representation and self-expression. The study concludes that community radio stations need to both strategize their social media use while balancing their mandate to be a voice of the voiceless that lack access and/or digital literacy to participate.
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Thordin, Sofia, and Mihaela-Adriana Nițu. "Community Gardening Initiatives - Attitudes and Behaviors Towards Community Gardening Participation in Sydhavn." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21725.
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The waterfront community of Sydhavn in Copenhagen, Denmark is architecturally praised, but also criticized for its lack of public green space. Residents in the area have self-organized a community gardening initiative to combat this lack of greenery. The thesis aims to explore this occurrence by providing an analysis of the attitudes and behaviors towards social and environmental aspects of sustainability and individual residents’ resistance or support towards community gardening initiatives. The research design is based on quantitative methods with an exploratory purpose, using an online survey methodology. The main findings show that there is an association among knowledge of sustainability concepts, sustainable attitudes and behaviors, and interest in community gardening participation in the study population. Moreover, individuals who indicate no interest in community gardening lack a desire to join in the future, although they may be encouraged to do so with more education and advertisement. Generally, the study population feels positively towards community gardening and feels there is a need for it in the area. Further research may investigate aspects such as politics and policies related to community gardening and replicate a similar study in a different sociodemographic context to see how the results differ. The results of this study have practical implications for academics, built environment practitioners, and community gardening organizers.
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Xie, Xiaoyan Carroll John M. "Supporting participation and mobile interactions in community events." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4577/index.html.
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Welschhoff, Anja. "Community Participation and Primary Health Care in India." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-69547.
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Eberle, Margaret Patricia. "Credit union participation in community based economic development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26809.
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Local B.C. communities facing hardship in the context of global restructuring and reduced demand for primary resource commodities, have increasingly turned to community based economic development (CBED) to strengthen their local economies. These community based strategies differ from place to place but essentially aim to expand the local economy through socially and culturally desirable development, utilizing local resources, and under some form of local control. However there are numerous obstacles to undertaking CBED, one of which is a lack of financing. Credit unions are community based financial institutions which would appear to be likely participants in a process of community based economic development. They possess significant financial resources, and share with CBED a common philosophy of economic self-help, and an orientation towards the local community.
The potential for credit union participation in community based economic development is the subject of this thesis. A three part methodology was followed with particular reference to major aspects of the issue. First, a review of the local economic development literature pointed to the importance of financing, management advice and local capacity to develop in the CBED process. The experience of CBED organizations in obtaining assistance from chartered banks and federal government programs such as Local Employment Assistance Development (LEAD) demonstrates that there are significant gaps in support. An alternative such as the credit union is needed. The credit union system was examined to determine if indeed this community based cooperative financial institution holds some promise to assist CBED, and what factors presently act to constrain such participation. There are two fundamental obstacles to credit union participation in CBED. Firstly, there is a lack of will on the part of credit unions to become involved in CBED based on declining member commitment to credit union philosophy. Secondly, credit unions are presently unable to reconcile high levels of risk inherent in lending for CBED with their non-profit structure. Educating credit unions as to the potential benefits arising from CBED may heighten their interest in participating in CBED and there are mechanisms the credit union can employ to reduce risk. Furthermore, credit unions can play some important non-financial roles in support of CBED, which a local orientation and cooperative decision-making framework can enhance.
The empirical portion of the research documented the CBED initiatives of Nanaimo District Credit Union and Vancouver City Savings Credit Union. It demonstrated firstly, that there is interest among individual credit unions within the credit union system to participate in CBED, at least in an incremental way; secondly, that credit unions have tended to follow a marginal business development strategy in support of CBED in their respective communities; and thirdly, there are a number of alternative roles, strategies and institutional arrangements for doing so. Based on this review of the major issues and the experience of two credit unions currently participating in CBED, it appears that credit unions do hold some potential an alternative source of community capital and expertise for community based economic development, but at present appear to lack the philosophical basis for doing so, and furthermore, face some constraints to pursuing a financial role in CBED.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Munroe, Grace C. "Community participation in educational reform, a Jamaican experience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58677.pdf.
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Stone, Greg. "Visual Ethnography for Community Participation in Urban Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201902.
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The purpose of this study is to assess how inhabitants of the Lidköping community value or perceive their surrounding in relation to urban planning, specifically the new Hamnstaden urban development. This perception was collected as data mainly through photos, conceived here as visual ethnography, combined with written responses. As the trend of urbanization continues to grow around the world, who or what is determining how cities are built? What elements of our urban environments do we value, and how do we measure these values? Many of the current trends with urban development are inconsistent with sustainable development and new perspectives on the construction of our cities are required to make cities more sustainable. This research uses a qualitative research approach in a case study in an urban development project in Lidköping to attempt to address some of these questions. The results are very diverse, but the highest-valued elements according to the participants were green space, old buildings, pedestrian space, public art, and cafes.
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Barnes, Willie. "Teachers' participation in community development activities in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289236.
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Teachers are being encouraged in Ghana to facilitate local level development. No attempt has however been made to explore their views, concerns and expectations regarding such involvement, nor the impact that this could have on their role as teachers and their status in the community, nor on the community's own participation in the school. The research examined these issues, alongside the type of development activities engaged in by teachers and their motivation for doing so. The study focused on teachers working in deprived areas across eight regions of Ghana. It involved a combination of quantitative and qualitative strategies. The former enabled the systematic gathering of standardised questionnaire data, using both closed and open ended items, from 324 practising teachers and 380 teacher trainees. The latter involved semi structured interviews and informal discussions with 24 teachers, 10 local residents from one village, 10 educational administrators and five college tutors. Focus group discussions were also held with eight groups of teacher trainees. One teacher was used to illustrate an example of a classroom teacher who is actively involved in community work. Content analysis of the Daily Graphic provided both quantitative and qualitative data. The qualitative aspect of the study was used to pursue other interesting lines of enquiry that was revealed through the initial analysis of the questionnaires. Data from the teacher questionnaire and interviews showed that teachers are involved in both voluntary and compulsory communal activities, paid and unpaid, and many teachers are in leadership or supervisory positions. In contrast it was observed that teachers have few school responsibilities apart from their normal classroom teaching. The reasons for their involvement in communal activities rather than in school activities are explored in the study. Evidence is provided to show that on the one hand teacher involvement in community activities contributes to the provision of basic amenities in a community and can also impact positively on schooling. On the other hand it can lead to teacher absenteeism and lateness and bring about a conflict between some teachers and local residents. Despite reservations and problems, educational administrators and local residents endorsed teachers' participation and reports suggest that in some villages, residents actively encouraged teachers. Based on the evidence suggesting that teacher involvement in community work is good for the community, the school and teachers themselves, there are arguments in support of this involvement. Firstly, there are lessons to be learnt that could be translated to the schools. For example the leadership skills of teachers within the community can be used to provide effective school leadership. Secondly, it may allow the gap between schools and their communities to be bridged. Thirdly, it may encourage greater participation by the community in education as a reciprocal gesture. Finally teachers appear to benefit both directly and indirectly from this involvement. The recommendations suggest that potential negative effects on schooling could be lessened if teachers' community activities are better organised and effectively managed and trainee teachers exposed to more practical work. The study describes how trainees could be predisposed to events, experiences and encounters to gain the needed practical exposure and organisational skills. It also mentions ways in which the school should be brought closer to the community as a strategy to assist teachers to fulfil their dual role. Further research should include an investigation of teachers' involvement in community activities in urban settings to enable comparison with teachers in rural areas, and a closer analysis of the impact of such involvement on schooling in general and classroom activities in particular.
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Coleby, Alastor Merlin. "Public attitudes and community participation in windfarm development." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/129.
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Allibay, Bankole. "Critical examination of community participation in development projects." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2018. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/25856/.
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This research examined the role of community participation in development projects in Tanzania to gain a deeper understanding of its role in the development process and propose a good practice model towards attaining community participation in practice. The research focused on two case studies in Tanzania's Lindi region: the International Oil Company (IOC) LNG JV project in Lindi Rural and Lindi Municipal Districts and the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) in Lindi Rural District. The objectives were: to critically review literature towards establishing trends and nexus between development and participation; to explore the nature of participation in the IOC LNG JV and the TASAF projects and the roles of select NGOs towards attaining participation on case study projects; to critically examine community understanding of participation; to analyse the community participation components of the Tanzanian Village Land Act of 1999. National Economic Policy of 2004, Tanzanian Vision 2025, Environmental Management Act 2004 and the Petroleum Act of 2015 and the corporate sustainability policy of the IOC LNG JV companies; and to propose a good practice model on community participation for social performance practitioners, government policy makers and development project investors towards attaining participation in social sustainability practice. The study was carried out using a mixed method epistemological approach for data gathering and data analyses. The study used survey tools such as interviews, focus group discussions, key informant engagements and content analyses. In total, 536 persons were surveyed using quantitative surveys tools. 32 institutional and key informant engagements were also conducted for communities and government institutions. The main findings from the research are: participatory policy development is essential to community participation and community participation enhance project buy-in and success. Consequently, this research recommends citizenship engagement and citizenship education to attain greater community participation. The research also recommends that development projects should insist on direct consultation with stakeholders affected by projects, particularly at the community level. As a contribution to practice, this research proposed a tool-kit for greater understanding of the concept of participation for practitioners. The tool-kit is designed to help practitioners gain deeper understanding of participation as it relates to policy development, corporate social responsibilities and social performance in practice. The model looks at the goal of participation, rationale for participation, the mode, timing, and how to evaluate the performance of participation in development projects. This model provides guidance and clarification between social performance and corporate social responsibilities and further explains how participation applies to these two concepts differently.
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Karirah-Gitau, Sarah. "Community participation in informal settlements development in Kenya." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675670.
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The failure of the conventional top-down approaches in human settlement development in Third World has resulted in the increased numbers, sizes and densities of informal settlements. This has resulted from the increasing majority of Third World populations finding shelter in informal housing. Being informal, these settlements are not provided with urban services and infrastructual facilities by the Central and local Governments. This results in the urban low income groups having no option but to cater for their own needs. Therefore, the urban poor have come up with viable solutions, outside the formal or legal ways of acquiring land, developing houses and providing urban services and infrastructural facilities. It is this dynamism shown by the urban poor in organising the construction of their own housing and providing related urban services and infrastructure which, in the 1970s, resulted in the recognition and appreciation that informal housing was less of a problem and more of a solution. These solutions take the form of participatory initiatives which involves the undertaking of the development process by the low income groups themselves. The above recognition and appreciation, resulted from the realisation that, when solutions to shelter for low income groups in Third World countries take into consideration the involvement of the community, be they top-down or bottom-up, and where the community are fully involved in decision-making in the various stages of the projects, there are significant impacts on the improvements of shelter. For purposes of this study community participation results when the community mobilises itself to solve common problems or undertake certain activities spontaneously with or without external assistance. They do so by being involved in the decision-making, implementation and the continued management of the projects.
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Rodgers, Christienne. "Visioning: A Public Participation Process for Community Building." The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555223.
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Chu, V. C. "Community participation in urban regeneration projects in Vietnam." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2014. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/22291/.
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This research explores how communities participate in a collaborative process with policy makers and development professionals in upgrading mixed housing settlements. In order to achieve this aim, four objectives were clarified in this thesis, which include: (1) - The nature of community participation in the process of upgrading mixed housing settlements in Vietnam; (2) – The ways that community participation shape the process of participation and the negotiated outcomes; (3) – The policy context and political culture which frame power relations in state-citizen interaction in Vietnam; and (4) – The community participation framework in regeneration projects in Vietnam. Firstly, by initially examining the literature on community participation, mostly in relation to the United Kingdom, the author established the different approaches to community participation as well as an analytical framework for the research which includes the benefits of and barriers to community participation in regeneration projects. This conceptual contribution of the research summarised the picture of the participatory approach in urban regeneration projects in the UK. The framework provided a firm structure to study participatory issues in Vietnam in this research through the analysis of two case studies. Secondly, the contribution of the thesis at the practical level is the provision of lessons from the UK and from other developing countries (Tanzania, South Africa, the Philippines and Thailand) that Vietnam can learn from (in both positive and negative ways) with reference to various aspects of people empowerment, resource management and the (de-)centralisation of government. Although the thesis did not draw extensively on the lessons from the four developing countries, they did provide general overviews of community participation in urban regeneration projects in developing countries facing similar problems to those of Vietnam. Finally, at the empirical level, the research investigated the participatory context, including Vietnam’s governmental structure, political culture, the development of Non-Government Organisations (NGOs), citizen rights and institutions, which structured community participation in Vietnam. This context has strongly influenced urban issues especially post-1986 which is known as the renovation period in Vietnam. Since 1986 there have been a number of attempts by government to improve opportunities for people to become involved in urban projects as well as by organisations from outside the country. The analysis of the case studies shows that policies to renovate neighbourhoods in urban areas have offered positive examples of and reasons for implementing further community participation in renewal projects in Vietnam.
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Mueller, Maxine. "Organizing participation : an ethnography of 'community' in hospital." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21438.
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A first aim of the study was to provide detailed descriptions of hospital practice as day-to-day examples of patient participation. A second aim was to extend descriptions of day-to-day practice to help explain how patient participation occurs in particular ways and not in others. Detailed examination of day-to-day practice reveals that organisation is set in motion by nurses through particular forms of language. Nurses mobilise the term 'community' to organise their day-to-day work as well as patient work. Hence, community emerged as a central topic for this ethnography. I go on to explicate the polysemicity of the language-in-use which in turn reveals how both stable and ambiguous aspects of the term community are used to constitute the day-to-day work as well as patient work. Hence, community emerged as a central topic for this ethnography. I go on to explicate the polysemicity of the language-in-use which in turn reveals how both stable and ambiguous aspects of the term comunity are used to constitute the day-to-day. Drawing on distinctions between 'shared expressions' and 'shared meanings', the analysis shows how different performance by persons lead to the appearance of distinguishable 'figures'. For example, the apparent polysemicity of the key term 'community' allows for extensions of persons-as-individuals and persons-as-members of community. That distinguishable figures emerge from day-to-day practice underlines everyday aspects of community as an organising device on the ward. I also examine the particular ways in which 'community' is employed and varies across interaction of persons constituting the day-to-day. For instance, nurse-patient, patient-patient and nurse-nurse interaction all provide work spaces in which aspects of community can be produced and reproduced differently.
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Macor, Alison Grace. "The visible audience : participation, community, and media fandom /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Chan, Dan-leung. "The study on community participation in neighbourhood level community development projects : an evaluation model /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12322313.
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Taylor-Roberts, Laura. "Measuring the community participation of adults with intellectual disability : development and validation of the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment - Revised." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/16352/.
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An up to date, psychometrically robust measure of the level of community participation of adults with intellectual disabilities was not in existence, despite research identifying community participation as an important aspect of quality of life. The current research aimed to bring up to date, revise and revalidate the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment (GCPLA; Baker, 2000). Adults with intellectual disabilities, carers and relevant experts were consulted in creating a 46-item GCPLA-R. The measure was then tested and the data from 153 adults with intellectual disabilities were analysed for their factor structure and psychometric properties. A stable set of factors emerged from factor analysis describing three different clusters of community participation activities. A full and a brief version of the scale were produced, each containing the three sub-scales. Both the 22-item and 46-item GCPLA-R were found to have satisfactory reliability. Scores on the GCPLA-R were related to challenging behaviour and adaptive behaviour in theoretically consistent ways, and were correlated with scores on comparable measures. The 46-item GCPLA-R was selected for publication due to its stronger face and content validity. The outcome of the analyses is discussed, along with limitations and implications for future research and clinical practice.
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Pitidol, Thorn. "The limits of community participation : examining the roles of discourse, institutions, and agency in the promotion of community participation in Thailand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c6588478-750c-4d54-bc57-7b06ef220f7a.
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This thesis is a study of how community participation is understood, enacted, produced and governed in the context of an organization that promotes community participation. The contribution of this thesis is to shed light on the frequently found gap between the expectations and the reality of community participation. In examining how community participation is promoted, the thesis focuses in particular on actors such as community leaders and development workers, and the interactions between them. The thesis applies a multi-disciplinary theoretical framework, which is built through combining theoretical approaches that include discourse analysis, institutional analysis, and the actor-oriented approach. The framework accommodates the examination of the roles of various types of social factors in shaping the workings of community participation. These include the idea of community, social relations in communities, and the agency of actors who are promoting the approach. This thesis conducts a case study of the Council of Community Organisations (CCO) programme in Thailand, which is a large-scale promotion of community participation in development and governance. The case study examines the operation of the programme from national to local level, and explores several localities where the programme is being implemented. The exploration of the CCO programme illuminates pathways through which the approach’s inner mechanisms can constrain it from fulfilling the expectations. The thesis identifies how the idea of community, through its association with the sense of collective identity, tends to distort community participation from achieving empowerment. Moreover, the social relations in communities, generally characterised by inequality and diversity of interests, frequently constrain the approach from achieving effective mobilisation of collective action. Such a constraint is often accentuated by adverse incentives that community leaders face when they become part of development interventions. Finally, it is found that the deficiencies of community participation are likely to persist. This is because the actors who are promoting the approach usually manoeuvre to gain advantages from their roles in ways that reinforce the influence of the aforementioned factors.
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WALLS, STEPHANIE M. "THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUALISM ON POLITICAL AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204053177.
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Hancock, Lynn. "Tenant participation and the housing classes debate." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387295.
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Butler, Catherine. "Unravelling the paradox of community participation: If the process is so good why don’t people participate?" Thesis, Behavioural & Social Sciences in Health, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6358.
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Community participation is recognised as a basic human right and an important human need. Benefits of the process of community participation for individuals and the community are well documented and structures are established at the community, and organisational level, to facilitate the participatory process. Despite the potential benefits of participation the reality is that relatively few people choose to participate when given the opportunity. In order to facilitate effective community action it is necessary to know which individuals will participate, under what circumstances and the level of participation involved. A review of studies in the participation literature reveals that the identification of a number of social-psychological factors and cost/benefit variables associated with participation has contributed significantly to systematising an understanding of participation in voluntary organisations. Research suggests that by increasing the benefits and reducing costs in effective management systems it may be possible to increase participation. However, longitudinal studies are needed to clearly define which characteristics predict participation and which characteristics are consequences of participation. Although caution must be taken in generalising the findings of the studies conducted in the United States, given the complete absence of Australian data, the studies provide important direction for Australian research.
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Msutu, Ntombethemba Lungisa. "Evaluation of community participation in a rural development project." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1665.
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People have their own different understanding of the meaning of participation. Thus cannot put one meaning to participation. As a woman who grew up in the rural areas for most of my life, I have witnessed the problems in most of the rural development projects. I have first ‐ hand experience of how the unavailability of these projects has affected the rural communities at large, at the same time, I have witnessed how those who have managed to get some of these projects started have benefitted more ways than one way in these rural development projects. Some of these projects have become a success and some have failed dismally. What contributed to the success or failure of these very important projects needs to be examined. More importantly, the level of community participation needs to be evaluated. Relatively few studies have been conducted to evaluate community participation in rural development projects. Some, if not most of the remote villages in the Eastern Cape Province are still without those basic necessities the government has promised, such as the building of houses and provision of clean water. Another sad story is that not enough is done to educate and empower rural communities about their basic rights and needs. Hence, one of the focal points to the study is to scrutinize the level of participation of the community, as some may be suffering from ignorance, apathy and lack of motivation. to scrutinize their level of participation (community participation). As some may be suffering from ignorance, apathy and lack of motivation.
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Heyward, Benjamin Rex, and ben heyward@baptistworldaid-au org. "A Comparative Study of Community Participation in the Philippines." Flinders University. Geography, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070328.131827.
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Community participation takes place when community members act together as subjects. It is argued here that community participation empowers when community members take decisions, or negotiate an equitable share in making the decisions that affect them. However, since participation takes place within a network of power relations it is not necessarily empowering but can take a range of forms from enforcement to empowerment, whereby empowerment may involve not only willing cooperation, but also resistance to outsider project objectives. This thesis explores these issues through a study of how people in three Philippine upland communities participated in soil conservation and livelihood restoration projects initiated by three different NGOs.
The principal aim of the study was to identify and examine the changing discourses of development and participation held by the NGOs and by the members of the subject communities. The development discourses revolved around socio-ecology, described as the relationship between the culture and society of Filipino subsistence smallholders and the ecological units of their local environment. The failure of this existing socio-ecology under the pressure of increasing population density on a limited upland resource base was the stimulus for change in the study communities. The thesis compares the NGOs practice of engaging with the communities with their discourses of participation, and examines the importance of the relationships between the NGOs, government agencies and the communities for the success of the projects.
The study identified several key factors in the empowerment of subject groups. Firstly, the need for a discourse that enables them to embark on socio-ecological change. For the Filipino communities examined here, the discourse of sustainability was validated by enabling the restoration of their livelihoods. Secondly, outside agencies, either NGO or government, may be needed to catalyse community change processes. Thirdly, the subjects need leaders who have the vision and skills to work for the desired livelihood and social development outcomes. Training activities of livelihood restoration proved highly significant in expanding womens political space that led to opportunities for them to take up leadership, as well as giving capacity-building training for existing and future leaders which helped to equalize gender relations between men and women. Fourthly, the policy and program initiatives of host government agencies can synergize with community and partner agency activities at several levels, including resourcing and building the capacities of leadership.
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Berthold, Uta Christina. "Participation in the Bow Chinook Barter Community, members' experiences." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ49706.pdf.
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Brännström, Inger. "Community participation and social patterning in cardiovascular disease intervention." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7544.
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This study addresses health policy and public health in the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the local level in Sweden. The overall aim is to contribute to the assessment of structural and social conditions within public health by analysing participation processes and outcome patterns in a local health programme. The northern Swedish MONICA study served as a reference area. The research strategy has been to integrate quantitative and qualitative methodologies and, thereby, focus on different aspects of the health programme under study. The mortality rate was excessive in the study area of Norsjö relative to both provincial and national figures over a period of more than 10 years. This finding formed the basis for a tenyear comprehensive and community-based health programme towards the prevention of CVD and diabetes. Even in this seemingly homogeneous area it was found that socio-economic circumstances were associated with the public health. Almost half of the study population had hypercholesterolaemia (;>6.5 mmol/1), 19% of men and 25% of women were smokers and 30% and 29%, respectively, had high blood pressure. Age had a strong impact on all outcome measures. After adjustments for age and social factors it was found that the relative risk of having hypercholesterolaemia dropped significantly in both sexes during the six years of intervention. The probability of being a smoker was significantly reduced only in highly educated groups. No statistically significant change over time could be found for the risk of suffering high blood pressure. In the reference area of northern Sweden there were no changes over time for any of the selected risk factors. The likelihood of self-assessed good health decreased with increasing risk factor load, with the exception of hypercholesterolaemia , in all social strata. The authorities, including the health and medical staff, were the main actors on the mediastage. Men in manual occupations were least affected by the media coverage. The actors and the public as well as the media viewed the health programme as orientated towards individual lifestyles. Community participation was mainly defined by the actors based on the medical and health planning approach. Differences in interpretations, social interests, personal conflicts and ideological constraints among the actors at local level were observed. Some critical attitudes towards the organization and management of the health programme were also noted among the citizens. However, a majority of the public wanted the health programme to continue. The present study underlines the importance of considering age, gender and social differences in the planning and evaluation of CVD preventive programmes.digitalisering@umu
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Samuel, Suzanne. "Adult community learning participation and parental involvement in schooling." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/110489/.
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The argument that adult community learning (ACL) participation plays a part in influencing parents’ perceptions and practices with respect to schooling children is appealing but there is little evidence to show whether this is the case and, if so, what form it takes. Statistical studies have revealed mixed findings, ranging from no impact to some changes in behaviour when parents study at university. Yet, the mechanisms by which this process occurs are little understood. Considering the varied findings, this qualitative study aims to explore the nature and extent of ACL, and its influence on parents and children. Drawing on adult education theory and Bourdieu’s concept of ‘capital’, the study focuses on examples of parental ACL participation in Wales. Findings suggest that whilst all parents want the best for their children, some parents struggle to provide support, especially at secondary education stage. Parents typically draw upon a range of support mechanisms; they refer to the school, family and friends, the internet, work and volunteering, as well as hiring private tutors. Moreover, parents participating in multiple episodes of ACL, especially at the higher levels, draw upon and utilise their knowledge, skills, and resources to provide timely and effective support; this prevents slippage in the educational sense. Also, findings suggest that ACL participation stimulates and, in some cases, boosts children’s learning. In contrast, parents with low-level qualifications and parents who engage in fewer episodes of ACL, invariably have a far limited range of resources to call upon. Here, parents tend to rely heavily upon the school, family members, the internet, and if finances allow, private tutors. Consequently, when support is delayed or ineffective, this increases the risk of children falling behind at school. However, a solution to create a mutual mechanism of support in the home learning environment is put forward to overcome the problem.
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PIOVESAN, FEDERICO. "Spaces of Participation: (Non-)Humans (Un)Making Community Hubs." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2845788.
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Graham, Jennifer. "An evolving dynamic, community participation in community-based coastal resource management in the Philippines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36449.pdf.
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Singleton, Craig. ""We're all in this together" : social capital, community boards and community participation in Christchurch." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Political Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4672.
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Social capital is a property of the relations between people; it denotes resources
available to people based on the trust within those relationships. Robert Putnam
connected social capital to democratic performance claiming it was an agent for
democracy. He equated the term with civic-ness and in so doing attributed social
capital with properties that it did not have when applied when to larger, abstract,
conglomerates of people such as communities and nation-states. For social capital to
be relevant to democracy, it requires social trust - a trust diffused throughout society
and available to all of its members. In this thesis, it is argued that social capital is not
necessarily democratising as Putnam claims because trust is not automatically
transitive; trust cannot be applied to one relationship because it exists in another
relationship. Trust at the community level, therefore, relies on a mediating structure
to facilitate social trust. Based on a case study of a dispute involving an institution
created as just such a mediating structure (a Community Board in Christchurch), it is
argued that political institutions can act as a mediating structure to facilitate social
trust and so facilitate social capital. This, however, is possible only if the political
institutions themselves are trustworthy. Trust is inhibited by political institutions and
their agents when promises are broken, procedures are unfair, when trust placed in the
institution is not reciprocated, or when residents are treated with disrespect. If a
political institution or its agents are considered untrustworthy they are not able to
facilitate social capital. The ability of a political institution to facilitate social capital
also depends on the authority and resources of the institution, and the abilities,
competence and ethics of the staff responsible for facilitating social capital.