Journal articles on the topic 'Community participation – united states'
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Wall, Brandon, Thomas Straka, and Stephen Miller. "An Econometric Study of the Factors Influencing Participation in Urban and Community Forestry Programs in the United States." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.028.
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Public participation in urban and community forestry (U&CF) programs in the contiguous 48 states of the United States can be explained by several different factors using econometric methods. The state’s percent of working population, income level, percent of forested land, dominant political affiliation, state government expenditures on education, and the number of communities participating in U&CF programs help explain the public participation rates in the programs. These factors accounted for 52% (R 2= 0.5218) of the variability in public participation in U&CF programs in 2003. Knowing the factors that influence pubic participation in U&CF programs is vital to the success of the program and can assist federal, state, and local decision-makers in planning efforts.
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Barsh, Russel Lawrence. "United Nations Seminar on Indigenous Peoples and States." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 3 (July 1989): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203326.
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A recent meeting of governmental and indigenous nongovernmental experts in Geneva paved the way for more direct indigenous participation in United Nations decision making, and challenged the international community to harness multilateral development assistance for the promotion of indigenous peoples’ rights.
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McCabe, B. J. "Are Homeowners Better Citizens? Homeownership and Community Participation in the United States." Social Forces 91, no. 3 (January 7, 2013): 929–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/sos185.
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Moen, Phyllis, and Vivian Fields. "Midcourse in the United States: Does unpaid community participation replace paid work?" Ageing International 27, no. 3 (June 2002): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12126-003-1001-0.
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Nicholas, Marjorie. "The Importance of Aphasia Community Programs in Supporting Self-Determination in PWA." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 22, no. 1 (April 2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld22.1.36.
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Aphasia support groups and aphasia community centers have been increasing in number over the past 2 decades in the United States and abroad. Participation in these innovative community programs can support the process of self-determination in people with aphasia. In this article, I discuss specific examples of how this occurs and, in addition, review the Living With Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement (A-FROM) model (Kagan et al., 2008) as a useful way to conceptualize the individual benefits that people with aphasia (PWA) may receive from participation in aphasia community centers. The article concludes with a case presentation exemplifying the multi-level benefits achieved from participating in aphasia community programs.
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Rosenfeld, Lindsay, Jessica M. Kramer, Melissa Levin, Kimberly Barrett, and Dolores Acevedo-Garcia. "Scoping Review: Social Determinants of Young Children’s Participation in the United States." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 38, no. 4 (July 6, 2018): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449218784727.
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Optimal child development is supported by services, policies, a social determinants of health (SDOH) frame, and meaningful participation (as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health–Children and Youth [ICF-CY]). This scoping review describes the social determinants that may affect the participation of young children aged 0 to 3 years with developmental disabilities (DD) in the United States. Scoping review of studies including U.S. children with DD aged 0 to 3 years, from 2000 to 2016, were used. 5/979 studies met inclusion criteria. Two researchers independently coded studies to align them with both ICF-CY and SDOH. Studies found determinants of participation stemming from the child (e.g., individual) and multiple contexts: immediate, community, and policy. The emergent literature continues to primarily focus on child determinants but suggests participation of young children with DD is affected by social determinants stemming from the community and policy contexts. The literature underrepresents children from racial/ethnic minority backgrounds.
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Strassner, Erich H., and Jessica R. Nicholson. "Measuring the digital economy in the United States." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, no. 3 (August 26, 2020): 647–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200666.
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The United States’ Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) has recently published statistics exploring the size and growth of the digital economy in response to the interests of the data user community and the international statistical community. BEA independently developed preliminary digital economy statistics but has relied on consultation with other statistical organizations and participation in numerous international working groups aimed at advancing coordinated and internationally comparable digital economy measurement. This report describes BEA’s digital economy measurement efforts to date including initial work towards a digital economy satellite account and related research on quantifying the value of “free” digital media the treatment and measurement of data. This report also discusses BEA’s efforts to improve price measures for high-tech goods and services, notably internet and wireless services, cloud services, and ride-hailing services. Lastly, the report provides an overview of BEA’s measurement work related to digital services international trade.
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Maldonado, Laura G., and Audrey J. Jaeger. "Exploring Participation in SkillsUSA Among Postsecondary Students." Career and Technical Education Research 45, no. 3 (December 20, 2020): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5328/cter45.3.21.
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Industries across the United States are facing a shortage of skilled technical workers. This qualitative case study investigated how participation in SkillsUSA, a career and technical student organization, influenced community college students' preparedness for the workforce and their connection to campus. Data were gathered from interest questionnaires, interviews, resumes, and observations. Using the psychology of working theory to frame the study, findings revealed participation in SkillsUSA influenced students' work choices, initiative, and confidence in overcoming obstacles. Participants also reported benefitting from a supportive campus community. The study provided an extension of the psychology of working theory to community college populations and has implications for practitioners and policymakers.
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McDonnell, Simon, Pooya Ghorbani, Courtney Wolf, Maria Jessa Cruz, David M. Burgy, Swati Desai, Daniel Berkovits, and Renata Silberblatt. "A Managed-Participatory Approach to Community Resilience: The Case of the New York Rising Community Reconstruction Program." American Review of Public Administration 49, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074018804663.
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Research shows that resilient communities are best achieved through active public participation, informed by local input. However, post-disaster strategies in the United States are typically federally led and top-down in nature. We present an exploratory case study of resilience planning in New York State in the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy, which is a combination of public participation and government supervision. We name this approach “managed-participation” because it emphasizes engaging the public in post-disaster planning, guided by a high degree of state-level leadership. We adapt a theoretical proposition of horizontal and vertical integration framework for an exploratory analysis of the case. We find that New York’s approach contributes to both horizontal and vertical integration of impacted communities by enhancing active participation in resilience efforts, and taking advantage of the state government’s position to connect local needs with federal funding. Furthermore, by utilizing expertise and funding support to guide and translate local knowledge, it produces potentially more viable resilience plans.
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Varady, David, Reinout Kleinhans, and Maarten van Ham. "The potential of community entrepreneurship for neighbourhood revitalization in the United Kingdom and the United States." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-01-2015-0009.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to assess the current potential of community entrepreneurship in neighbourhood revitalisation in the US and the UK. The global economic crisis has had a major impact on government spending for urban regeneration. In the context of these austerity regimes, in many European countries, community entrepreneurship and active citizenship are increasingly considered as a means to continue small-scale urban revitalisation. This paper investigates recent literature on both British community enterprises (CEs) and American community development corporations (CDCs). Design/methodology/approach – Starting from a seminal article, this paper reviews literature focusing on the role of CEs and CDCs in neighbourhood revitalisation. Differences and similarities are analysed, taking into account national context differences. Findings – While CDCs have a relatively successful record in affordable housing production in distressed areas, CDCs are fundamentally limited in terms of reversing processes of community decline. CEs in the UK have focused on non-housing issues. Research limitations/implications – This paper asks the question what CEs can learn from CDCs in terms of scope, aims, strategies, accountability, assets and partnerships with public and private actors. However, a systematic literature review has not been conducted. Originality/value – This comparison reveals not only similarities but also differences with regard to aims, organisational characteristics, cooperation on multiple scales and community participation. Apart from lessons that can be learned, this paper provides recommendations for further research that should cover the lack of empirical evidence in this field.
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Kang, Sangjun, and Jin-Oh Kim. "Global Community Safety Policy Cases and Policy Implications." Institute of Art & Design Research 25, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.59386/jadr.2022.25.1.35.
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Community safety is a very comprehensive concept that extends from traditional disaster disasters to environmental pollution, crime, traffic, and domestic violence. The purpose of this study is to examine the global community safety policy cases and to derive policy implications. This study employs a literature review method and the countries investigated are the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Singapore, Japan with diverse geographical and social environments.
The major finding is that a public-private cooperation system based on the active participation of citizens is important. In addition, it is necessary to revisit the related legal system and promote an incentive system supported by the central government.
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Gusman, Delfina, and Yunita Syofyan. "Public Participation In Legislation (Legal Comparation Studies In Indonesia, South Africa, And United State)." Nagari Law Review 6, no. 2 (May 22, 2023): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/nalrev.v.6.i.2.p.133-145.2023.
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Community participation and the legal needs of the community are inherent in the process of forming laws. In fact, these two elements are manifestations and crystallizations of the ideal idea of democracy. In a democracy, public participation is a condition sine qua non. Without public participation in the process of making laws, it will only result in authoritarian regulations and bias against the true meaning of democracy. So that it will result in the formation of laws that are not sourced from the soul and legal needs of the community (volkgeist). The method in this study uses legal research methods with a qualitative approach in the form of normative legal studies and (normative legal studies), where the type of research is descriptive analytical research. In addition, the approach used is a comparative approach (comparison), a historical approach, an institutional approach and a futuristic approach. Community participation in the formation of laws in Indonesia, South Africa and the United States has already started. Although public participation in law-making has some constraints such as slowdown in the legislative process and budgetary requirements, it brings more benefits to the government and society. However, the legitimacy of the process, the issue of justice, also creates better regulations and ultimately creates a stronger quality of democracy so that there is no doubt that public participation is an important part of the legislative process.
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Flanagan, Deirdre, Deborah Gaebler, Emma-Lorraine B. Bart-Plange, and Michael E. Msall. "Addressing disparities among children with cerebral palsy: Optimizing enablement, functioning, and participation." Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/prm-210015.
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PURPOSE: Recognizing health disparities among children with cerebral palsy (CP) is necessary for understanding potential risk factors for CP and for implementing early and effective preventative and intervention treatments. However, there is currently little and conflicting evidence regarding the direct impact of contextual factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) for children with CP in the United States. These contextual factors include the complex social determinants of health on prematurity, comprehensive informed obstetric management for minority and vulnerable populations, and cumulative adversity disproportionately experienced by children, by gender, minority status, immigration, poverty, and structural racism. METHODS: This study presents results from a review of health disparities among children with CP, using registry and population surveillance data from Australia, Canada, Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Turkey, and the United States. RESULTS: The review confirmed that there are significant health disparities among children with CP, both in terms of prevalence and severity, based on factors such as SES, neighborhood disadvantage, maternal education, gender, and minority status. CONCLUSION: Strategies need to be implemented in the United States to promote enablement and functioning among children with CP who face additional health disparities. This requires a greater understanding of population groups at increased risk, comprehensive assessment and care for young children with motor delays, and systematic population counts of children and adults with CP using registries and systems of neurodevelopmental surveillance across health, education, and community rehabilitation. These efforts also require sensitivity to structural and persistent racism, stigma, trauma-informed care, and culturally sensitive community engagement. Additional efforts are also required to improve outcomes over the life course for individuals living a life with CP from a framework of enablement, self-direction, equity and social justice.
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Stern, Michael J., and Don A. Dillman. "Community Participation, Social Ties, and Use of the Internet." City & Community 5, no. 4 (December 2006): 409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2006.00191.x.
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Some argue that use of the Internet tends to pull people's interests away from their local area and weaken community ties (e.g., Kraut et al., 1998). Others argue that the Internet is frequently used to strengthen local ties, and is becoming a tool for helping communities organize to achieve local interests (Hampton and Wellman, 2003). Our results from a 2005 random sample mail survey of 1,315 households in a rural region of the Western United States suggest that increased Internet usage is positively related to nominal and active levels of community participation while at the same time supporting affective networks outside the local area. The location of these communities in a rural region of the West and their substantial distance from a larger population concentration provide the opportunity to draw implications for community development in the Information age and address theoretical concerns about the effects of information technologies on communities of place and local social capital.
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Li, Yangsen, and Li Ren. "Comparison of Virtual Learning Community Construction between China and the United States Based on KH Coder Text Data Mining." Journal of Education and Educational Research 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/9jagy328.
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Virtual learning communities, as an innovative online education model, have gained significant attention worldwide. The virtual learning communities in the United States are characterized by advanced educational models, innovative technological applications, and rich practical experiences. Exploring and drawing lessons from the construction of virtual learning communities in the United States is of great value to China. This paper utilizes KH Coder as an analysis tool and conducts literature searches on the Web of Science for U.S. literature and on the CNKI database for Chinese literature. The analysis covers the period from 2019 to 2024, and includes frequency and network co-linearity analyses. The research findings indicate the following: First, Chinese online education research emphasizes the importance of technological application and innovation in the field of education. Second, Chinese online teaching research has certain limitations in terms of research scope. Third, there are certain issues in the dissemination of research findings in Chinese online teaching research. Based on the research results, the following adjustments should be made for Chinese virtual learning communities: First, the comparison of research literature between China and the United States shows that the development of virtual learning communities requires diverse collaborations. Second, the development of virtual learning communities requires continuous technological innovation. Third, the comparison of research literature between China and the United States reminds us that the development of virtual learning communities needs to focus on social interaction. Fourth, the development of virtual learning communities also requires teacher support and participation. Fifth, the development of virtual learning communities needs to encourage students' active participation and autonomous learning.
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Wallerstein, Nina, Paulo Santos de Almeida, Elizabeth Dickson, Lorenda Belone, Prajakta Adsul, Belkis Jacquez, Christina Alaniz, Rosilda Mendes, and Marco Akerman. "Urban Health, Social Participation, and Praxis." arq.urb, no. 38 (December 15, 2023): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37916/arq.urb.vi38.684.
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Sustainable cities need considerations of social participation toward the real changes to the inclusions and better decisions on own driving. Social participation within Urban Health and research by community social actors worldwide has been built on the effective contribution of community participation, to social movements and organizing for health and social justice. This paper builds on this perspective to expand our global knowledge about community participation in research through a dialogue between experiences and contexts in two countries in this approach, the United States and Brazil, considering the urban effects and inclusions. We first focus on differences in political and scientific contexts, and academic perspectives and then present how, despite these differences, similarities exist in values and collaborative methodologies aimed at engaging community partners in democratizing science and knowledge construction. We present a set of case studies, from the U.S. and from Brazil, which illustrate similar multi-level processes using participatory research tools to contribute to social mobilization, community empowerment, and the transformation of inequitable societal conditions in urban centers toward sustainable cities. Despite different processes of evolution, we observed a convergence of participatory health research strategies and values that can transform science, and ambiance in our commitment to reduce health and social inequities and improve community wellbeing.
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Laurian, Lucie. "Public Input in Toxic Site Cleanup Decisions: The Strengths and Limitations of Community Advisory Boards." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32, no. 3 (June 2005): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b31046.
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Toxic sites worldwide expose millions to environmental and health risks. In response, public agencies in Western Europe and the United States have begun to identify and remediate contaminated sites. Public participation in cleanup decisions is a critical part of this process. US agencies increasingly rely on Community Advisory Boards (CABs) to facilitate long-term participation. CABs are intended to inform and consult the public and integrate citizens' input in cleanup decisions. Recent research, however, finds that participatory processes often fall short of their objectives. This paper examines the performance of CABs in involving the public in toxic sites cleanup decisions in the United States. The research (1) develops a conceptual framework and a quantitative methodology to assess CABs; and (2) uses this methodology to assess whether CABs achieve successful participation. The analysis targets CABs at five toxic sites in Tucson, Arizona, and builds on the content analysis of eighty-one CAB meeting minutes, twenty-seven interviews with CAB members, and a survey of eighty residents around three of the sites. The key findings are that, although CABs successfully diffuse information from agencies to CAB members and (to a lesser degree) gather feedback from CAB members, they fail to inform the general public and provide community feedback to the agency.
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Sánchez, Jennifer, Fong Chan, Rana Yaghmaian, Ebonee T. Johnson, Joseph S. Pfaller, and Emre Umucu. "Assessing Community Functioning and Independent Living Skills of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.47.3.6.
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Background: Community integration and participation are important predictors of successful rehabilitation and recovery in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI). However, individuals with SMI still experience considerable psychosocial barriers to meaningful participation in social, community, civic, and daily living activities. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate a revised version of the Independent Living Skills Survey-Self-Report (ILSS-SR), the R-ILSS-SR, for use by rehabilitation researchers and practitioners in psychiatric rehabilitation settings. Method: One hundred ninety-four individuals with SMI were recruited from four mental health agencies in two states in the Midwestern and Southern United States. Factorial validity of the R-ILSS-SR was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings: Principal components analysis of the R-ILSS-SR yielded a four-factor measurement structure (self-care, home maintenance, and health maintenance; meaningful activity/work; transportation; and job maintenance). R-ILSS-SR subscales also correlated with known predictors of community participation in the expected directions. Conclusions: This study validated the R-ILSS-SR as a measure of community participation in a sample of adults with SMI. The ILSS-SR is the only measure of community participation specifically developed and validated for adults with SMI. Given that community participation is an integral aspect of recovery for adults with SMI, the R-ILSS-SR can be used to assess participation in psychiatric rehabilitation research and practice.
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Kusek, Weronika A. "Evaluating the Struggles with International Students and Local Community Participation." Journal of International Students 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i2.429.
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International students are not only important for universities, but even more so to the host communities, towns and regions where higher education institutions are located. This pilot study looked at a public university located in a small college town in Ohio. The study explored the relationship between international students and the local community. Data for this study was collected through questionnaires and conversations with international students from seven different countries, and complemented by participant observations. The outcomes of this study suggest that international students at the subject university feel a low level of engagement with the local community. Student questionnaires and conversations indicated that their daily schedules in the United States contained fewer activities and social interactions than in their home towns. The study explored potential reasons for this difference in daily routines and community engagement, as expressed by interviewed students.
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Hughey, Joseph, N. Andrew Peterson, John B. Lowe, and Florin Oprescu. "Empowerment and Sense of Community: Clarifying Their Relationship in Community Organizations." Health Education & Behavior 35, no. 5 (August 2, 2006): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106294896.
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The research reported here tested the factor structure of a measure for sense of community in community organizations, and it evaluated sense of community's potential as an empowering organizational characteristic within an organizational empowerment framework. Randomly selected community organization participants ( N = 561) were surveyed as part of a study of a substance abuse prevention initiative located in the northeastern United States. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the putative structure of the sense of community measure tailored to community organizations. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that community organization sense of community significantly predicted intrapersonal empowerment after controlling for demographics, participation, alienation, and other empowering organizational characteristic. Findings imply that organizational sense of community should be considered as an empowering organizational characteristic in community-based health education.
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Mahler, Sarah J., and Myer Siemiatycki. "Diverse Pathways to Immigrant Political Incorporation." American Behavioral Scientist 55, no. 9 (July 18, 2011): 1123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211407837.
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In both Canada and the United States, immigration is producing major demographic and sociocultural changes. Yet relatively little research has been devoted to the impact of immigration on each country’s political life. Even less attention has been paid to comparing the patterns of immigrant political participation in both countries. This has left underinvestigated a host of important questions about the body politic of Canada and the United States: Measured at national, urban, and community scales, do immigrants in the two countries become integrated into formal politics such as voting and running for elected office? Are they engaged in more informal political activities such as community and ethnic organizing? If so, then how do various immigrant communities mobilize politically, form agendas and alliances, express their voices, and expand their opportunities? As more countries and cities around the world become immigration destinations, there is much to be learned about creating inclusive political systems from the comparative experience of Canada and the United States illustrated in this volume.
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GREENFIELD, EMILY A., and REBECCA L. MAULDIN. "Participation in community activities through Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC) Supportive Service Programs." Ageing and Society 37, no. 10 (August 30, 2016): 1987–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000702.
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ABSTRACTNaturally Occurring Retirement Community Supportive Service Programs (NORC Programs) constitute a national model in the United States of America that aims to benefit older adults ageing in place in their own homes and communities. One central aspect of NORC Programs is the provision of community activities to facilitate older adults’ connections with others. Guided by ecological systems theory, we explored from older adults’ perspectives what influences their participation in the community activities offered by NORC Programs, as well as the meaning of the social contact that such participation affords. We used data from an in-depth interview study with 41 older residents across seven NORC Program sites in the greater New York City area. Themes regarding influences on participation included individual circumstances (personal desire for social activity and health status), programmatic factors (relationships with staff and appeal of the activities) and community contexts (appeal of the other attendees). Perceptions of other attendees also emerged as an influence on the social effects of participation, which ranged from experiencing social contact alone to creating independent friendships. Overall, findings indicate that programme features combine with individual and community contexts to influence diverse experiences of community activities. In addition to implications for organisational practice, we interpret the results in terms of directions for future research regarding how community-based organisations can influence social integration in later life.
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Onjoro, Elizabeth, and Lisa Stahl. "The Role of Anthropology in Facilitating Community Health Initiatives." Practicing Anthropology 20, no. 4 (September 1, 1998): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.20.4.k5684805497v6752.
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Immunization is widely recognized by health professionals as a tool for preventive medicine. However, large numbers of children in the United States do not receive the complete series of immunizations for childhood diseases (i.e., pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, smallpox) on schedule or at all. Reasons cited for this poor participation range from lack of awareness of the importance of timely immunizations, lack of transportation, long lines at public health clinics, and other realities posed by competing personal priorities.
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Estes, Michelle L., Kelley J. Sittner, Kyle X. Hill, Miigis B. Gonzalez, and Tina Handeland. "Community Engagement and Giving Back among North American Indigenous Youth." Journal of Community Engagement and Scholarship 15, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54656/jces.v15i2.456.
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“Volunteer participation” refers to free engagement in activities that benefit someone or something else. Volunteering can produce many benefits for individuals and communities. However, current research examining volunteer participation often excludes diverse viewpoints on what constitutes volunteering, particularly the perspectives of North American Indigenous youth. This oversight may result from researchers’ conceptualization and measurement of volunteering from a Western perspective. Utilizing data from the Healing Pathways (HP) project, a longitudinal, community-based participatory study in partnership with eight Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada, we provide a detailed description of volunteer participation and community and cultural engagement. Overall, we employ a community cultural wealth lens to emphasize the various strengths and sources of resilience that these communities possess. At the same time, we encourage scholars and the wider society to broaden their views of volunteering, community involvement, and giving back.
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O Rojo, Martha, Jin Jing, Cheryl Wells, Jonathan Rodriguez, and Latrina Prince. "Hispanics’ Perceptions of Participation in Research Studies and Solutions for Improvement in Participation." Journal of Family Medicine and Community Health 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47739/2379-0547.familymedicine1198.
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In 2022, the Hispanic population in the United States reached 63.6 million, accounting for 19% of the total population. Despite this growth, Hispanics are significantly underrepresented in research studies. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to evaluate perceived research burden, explore perceptions towards participation in research studies, and solicit strategies to increase research participation in Hispanics. We recruited 25 Hispanic participants’ ages 18-65 years from the community. Data were collected using a demographic data sheet, the Perceived Research Burden Assessment (PeRBA), and face-to- face interviews. It took about 10 minutes to collect the quantitative data. Interviews lasted 20 to 60 minutes. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and translated from Spanish to English by certified translators. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, and thematic analysis. Eighty (n =20) of the participants were female, 80% (n = 20) spoke a Spanish dialect as their primary language, 43.3% (n = 13) had an annual income of less than $20,000, 56% (n = 17) had no health insurance, and 49.9% (n = 15) had less than a 12th-grade education. The PeRBA revealed three main areas of research participation burden: 1) second thoughts about participating, 2) participation regret, and 3) participation costs. Five major themes emerged from the interviews: 1) lack of knowledge, 2) immigration status, 3) social isolation, 4) language and literacy, and 5) transportation. Two additional themes were academic and community partnerships, and community engagement via social media platforms.
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Lee, Yuman, Nicole Bradley, and Saralinh Trinh. "130. Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices in Community Pharmacies Across the United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.175.
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Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the community is essential as majority of antibiotic prescribing occurs in the community. Pharmacists are recognized by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as co-leaders for leading implementation efforts to improve antibiotic use. The purpose of this study is to evaluate current AMS practices in community pharmacies across the United States (US) and identify challenges. Methods A 15-item survey was created based on CDC’s Core Elements of Outpatient AMS to assess current policies and practices in place, as well as collect baseline demographics and pharmacists’ perceptions. A survey invite was posted on the Facebook group, Pharmacist Moms, in September 2019. Participation was voluntarily and anonymous. Results Participants included 61 community pharmacists from 25 states across the US. 88.5% work in a chain pharmacy with 54.1% in staff positions and 37.7% in management. 37.7% have been practicing for > 10 years, 36.1% for 6–10 years and 26.2% 5 or less years. Minimal responses met CDC’s Core Elements of AMS: commitment (27.9%), action (24.6%), tracking and reporting (14.8%), and education and expertise (23% for pharmacists, 9.8% for patients). In regards to perception, 67.9% felt AMS is important in the community. 88.5% would participate in AMS if the opportunity were provided. 91.8% were unsure or had no plans to implement AMS within the next 2 years. Common challenges include the lack of time/staff (83.6%), pushback from prescribers (68.9%), lack of leadership (57.4%), lack of financial incentives (52.5%), pushback from patients (52.5%), lack of pharmacist knowledge/training (39.3%), lack of funding/financial support (29.5%), lack of legal requirement (21.3%), lack of information technology support (19.7%), and lack of pharmacist interest (11.5%). Current Trends of U.S. Community Pharmacies in Meeting CDC’s Core Elements of Outpatient Antimicrobial Stewardship Challenges in Implementing Antimicrobial Stewardship in Community Pharamacies Conclusion Results from this study reveal the lack of AMS practices in community pharmacies. Pharmacists have a critical role in AMS, but many challenges exist in the community setting inhibiting the full potential of pharmacists in AMS efforts. This study highlights the importance and need for addressing these issues as regulations and strategies for AMS in community settings develop. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Mantie, Roger, and Leonard Tan. "A Cross-Cultural Examination of Lifelong Participation in Community Wind Bands Through the Lens of Organizational Theory." Journal of Research in Music Education 67, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 106–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418820340.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate participant involvement in community wind bands through the lens of organizational theory to inform the music education profession about community wind bands as an “expressive” voluntary association with potential for lifelong participation. Twenty-eight informants were drawn from three community wind bands in the United States and four community wind bands in Singapore. Overall, responses between U.S. and Singapore informants shared many commonalities. Informants from both countries desired musical opportunities that aligned with their interests (incentives and commitment), viewed their participation as defined largely by the ensemble-conductor relationship (formal structures), and preferred rehearsing and performing under the direction of a competent and respectful conductor (leadership and authority). The diversity of bands from which informants were drawn points to the importance of an environment that supports a range of interests for lifelong participation.
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Vogel, Amanda L., and Sarena D. Seifer. "Impacts of Sustained Institutional Participation in Service-Learning: Perspectives from faculty, staff and administrators." Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 4 (November 22, 2011): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v4i0.1789.
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The movement for greater civic engagement in higher education in the United States has taken hold across the core academic missions of teaching, research and service. One manifestation of this movement has been growing participation in service-learning, a teaching method grounded in community-university partnerships in which students provide services that simultaneously address community-identified concerns and meet key learning objectives. In order to assess the benefits of long-term sustained institutional involvement in service-learning, in 2007–2008 we interviewed 23 faculty members, staff and administrators from 16 academic institutions that had participated in a national demonstration program for service-learning, which ended in 1998. We found that 15 of these institutions had sustained service-learning to some degree and 12 had integrated service-learning into the curriculum, with varying degrees of institutional support. Interview participants described five main impacts of their institutions’ sustained participation in service-learning: 1) increased community engagement and community-engaged scholarship, and increased valuation of both, among participating faculty members; 2) greater capacity for community-university partnerships among academic and community partners; 3) improved community-university relations; 4) diffusion of service-learning and/or principles of community-university partnerships to other departments and schools; and 5) recruitment of students seeking community engagement opportunities. This study provides evidence that sustained institutional participation in service-learning can foster an understanding of the scholarly value of community-engaged teaching and research among participating faculty, and increase community-engaged activities at participating academic institutions. These findings suggest that funding agencies, faculty members and academic administrators can use service-learning as a strategy to foster a culture of community engagement in higher education institutions.
Keywords
Community-university partnerships, service-learning, community engagement, sustainability, impact, higher education
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Imperiale, Sara, and Wang Pian Pian. "Waste Incineration, Community Participation, and Environmental Justice: A Comparative Study of China and the United States." Vermont Journal of Environmental Law 14, no. 3 (2013): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/vermjenvilaw.14.3.435.
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Crowe, Terry K., Sarah Picchiarini, and Tracey Poffenroth. "Community Participation: Challenges for People with Disabilities Living in Oaxaca, Mexico, and New Mexico, United States." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 24, no. 2 (March 2004): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944920402400205.
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Marfeo, Elizabeth E., and Caroline Ward. "Older Adult Productive Activity Participation Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 6 (January 2020): 233372142091065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721420910657.
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This study aims to characterize factors related to productive activity participation among community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analyses using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study were used to calculate weighted frequencies representative of the U.S. population of older adults. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore factors related to participation outcomes (paid work, volunteering, caregiving). We found that 21% of community-dwelling older adults in the United States reported currently working. Older adults reported working in a wide range of occupations. Driving emerged as one of the most important factors related to increased odds of productive activity participation. Age, gender, and health factors were also significantly associated with increased odds of productive activity participation. By understanding the current profile of participation in activities including employment, caregiving, and volunteering among a national sample of community-dwelling older adults, we can effectively inform intervention programs and resource allocation to support productive aging.
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Clark, James, and Nelda Matheny. "A Model of Urban Forest Sustainability: Application to Cities in the United States." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 24, no. 2 (March 1, 1998): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.014.
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The applicability of a model for urban forest sustainability was evaluated through a written survey. The model considers the character of the vegetation resource, community awareness of, and attitudes about, urban forests, and the management programs for the resource. Results from 25 U.S. cities were evaluated using the 20 criteria and four levels of performance found in the model. Although surveys were sent directly to mayors, urban forestry professionals completed the questionnaires. The average score for responding cities was 48.8, out of a maximum score of 80. The range in scores was 27 to 61. Criteria of sustainability with highest overall scores dealt with awareness of trees as a community resource and neighborhood action; the lowest scores involved the participation of private landholders in urban forest management and regional cooperation.
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van Holm, Eric Joseph. "Unequal Cities, Unequal Participation: The Effect of Income Inequality on Civic Engagement." American Review of Public Administration 49, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074018791217.
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Civic participation is a touchstone of American government, yet it has declined steadily over the past 50 years. Alongside changes in the relationship between American citizens and their government has been a stark increase in the levels of income and wealth concentration. While there is strong evidence that income inequality drives down participation at the national level, there have been fewer studies on the effects for local governments. This article studies the relationship between participation in departmental policy making and income inequality at the local level across the United States in a sample of small and mid-sized cities. When accounting for aspects of the government’s structure, local department culture, and community demographics, income inequality has a significant, though mixed, effect on civic participation. While changes in a community’s income inequality diminish the likelihood of citizens participating in government decision making, the present level of income inequality correlates with higher rates of engagement.
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Yang, Kaifeng. "From "Danwei" Society to New Community Building: Opportunities and Challenges for Citizen Participation in Chinese Cities." Chinese Public Administration Review 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v1i1.104.
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Exploring the appropriate role of the public in public administration has been an active and ongoing area of inquiry and experimentation since the birth of the United States (King, Feltey and Susel 1998). Especially in last three decades, public administration has struggled to bring the public into the administrative process in the recognition that many programs cannot be effective without the collaboration between citizens and public administrators.
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Shevchuk, Oleksandr, and Iryna Tykhonenko. "US-Polish Relations: Stability of the Euro-Atlantic Community in the Focus of NATO." Acta de Historia & Politica: Saeculum XXI, no. 05 (February 15, 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/ahpsxxi2023.05.016.
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The issue of stability in the Euro-Atlantic community is related to NATO’s activities and the interaction of European states with the United States. In turn, an important place in the security environment of the European subcontinent is occupied by Poland, due to the geopolitical position of the state (critical influence on the stability in Central and Eastern Europe) and its activities in cooperation with the United States within NATO.
US cooperation with Poland has some conceptual background and determined by Warsaw’s participation in NATO operations, military and defense cooperation with NATO allies. There is a certain cyclical nature in US-Polish relations, given the political priorities of both countries (priorities of American Presidents’ administrations and activities especially of the Law and Justice (PiS) party in Poland), however, the security sphere is becoming an element of expanding allied relations. In connection with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, US cooperation with Poland has gained new significance both in the format of strengthening bilateral cooperation and in the regional context.
In turn, a tendency to change the European architecture of regional security due to the transformation of the Western European security complex in accordance with the theory of B. Buzan is existed, given the military threat from Russia, which determines the strengthening of Poland’s role in NATO, cooperation with the United States in the Euro-Atlantic community.
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Rodríguez, Javier M., Rafael A. Jimeno, Carlos A. Echeverría-Estrada, and Sandra P. García. "A Policy Approach to Overcome Pre-Immigration Barriers to Participation in the Latinx Immigrant Community." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 42, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 455–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986320956911.
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Policies to encourage socio-political participation of Latinx immigrants in the United States heavily rely on the primacy of assimilation processes resulting from immigrants’ exposure to the American political system alone. However, this approach overlooks the potential layers of complexity fostered by pre-immigration factors and how these interact with immigrants’ experiences in the U.S. We conduct a multinomial logit analysis using data from the 2006 Latino National Survey and emergent research on the impact of pre-immigration experiences to determine what factors can both activate participation and be influenced by institutions and policy makers in the U.S. Though we find that low levels of socio-political participation among Latinx immigrants strongly correlate with low levels of pre-immigration participation, for the outlier cases we analyze what factors contribute to increase participation once in the U.S. Results demonstrate the need for political parties and organizations to increase the long-term investment in young Latinx immigrants.
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Chao, Xia, and Boping Kang. "Health Literacy Among Bhutanese Adult Refugees in the United States: The Sociocultural Approach." Adult Education Quarterly 70, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713620904047.
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Drawing on the accounts of literacy as socioculturally situated, this 2-year ethnography explores Bhutanese adult refugees’ health literacy at the intersection of their culture and experiences. This study illustrates the multifaceted relations between health literacy, culture, integration, and empowerment. This study indicates health literacy as sociocultural practice. Health literacy is mediated by Bhutanese adults’ oral tradition, language, education, and experiences over time. This study highlights health literacy as sociocultural participation—it resides in individuals’ community engagement. Rather than simply describing their limited functional health literacy as “a big problem,” this study recognizes Bhutanese adults’ ability to take action to improve personal and community health. This study challenges the deficit view rooted in adult literacy. It advocates integrating health literacy into adult literacy education to raise public awareness that health literacy promotes social justice, human rights, and world citizenship. Implications for a bottom-up approach to health literacy education are provided.
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Johnson, Karen E., Christopher P. Salas-Wright, David Córdova, Jenny Ugalde, Jelena Todic, and Frania Mendoza Lua. "The Acceptability of Biobehavioral Research With Latino Youth in the United States." Journal of Adolescent Research 34, no. 5 (March 21, 2018): 597–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558418765397.
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In this study, we explored Latinx adolescents’ knowledge and perceptions of biobehavioral research and their willingness to participate in such studies. We conducted four focus groups in the summer of 2014 with Latinx adolescents in Texas between the ages of 12 and 17 years ( n = 17; 53% male; M age = 14.6 years [ SD = 1.66]) who were recruited from a community-based clinic. Five themes emerged from our content analysis: (a) protection of human subjects is important to participants, (b) comfort with providing different types of biological data varies depending on different factors, (c) engagement in biobehavioral research should be grounded in a cultural lens, (d) providing bilingual research staff is essential, and (e) adolescents have various motivations for participating. Findings highlighted how various factors could serve as both barriers and facilitators to participation. Our study provides insight into strategies for conducting biobehavioral research with Latinxs, who are the fastest growing group of adolescents in the United States and experience disparities in health-risk behaviors that can be better understood through research approaches that integrate biological and psychological measures. Without considering the perspectives of historically marginalized or understudied populations, we jeopardize the quality and validity of research findings, and risk harming participants.
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Bang, Juyoung, Seounmi Youn, James Rowean, Michael Jennings, and Manila Austin. "Motivations for and outcomes of participating in research online communities." International Journal of Market Research 60, no. 3 (May 2018): 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785317744110.
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This study examined consumers’ motivations for participating in market research online communities (MROCs) and an integrative role of community identification in explaining its motivational antecedents and consequences. Online survey data ( n = 1,461) were collected from various company-sponsored MROCs, which were run by a leading online community service provider in the United States. The findings showed that several motivations underlying MROC participation had an influence on members’ sense of identification with MROCs. Furthermore, members’ identification with MROCs was found to contribute to enhancing their feeling heard by the sponsoring company, which in turn affected their intention to continually participate in communities and trust in the sponsoring company’s brand. Theoretical and managerial implications were discussed in relation to the value that listening to consumers has for market research.
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Jakubek, Joseph, and Cornelia Butler Flora. "Biofuels in an Age of Cheap Oil: Community Capitals and Motivations to Participate in Biodiesel Value Chains." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 16, no. 4 (August 9, 2017): 410–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341442.
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In this article we analyze the community capital implications of an emerging canola biofuel value chain within wheat-producing regions of the United States as radical changes are taking place in energy markets and prices drop. We analyze the intersections of the motivations that encourage and sustain value chain participation and stocks and investments of community capitals. We use the Community Capitals Framework (Flora et al. 2016) to analyze the ways that new biofuel value chains affect various types of capital within rural communities, and to understand the context, processes, and impacts of decision-making within the biofuel value chain. Interviews and focus groups with actors along the value chain including farmers, processors, transporters, plant breeders, extension professionals, and farm service suppliers identify motivational factors and how community resources affect participation decisions.
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Sexton, Ken. "Evolution of public participation in the assessment and management of environmental health risks: a brief history of developments in the United States." Journal of Public Health Research 2, no. 2 (September 5, 2013): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e18.
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In the United States, the risk assessment − risk management paradigm that underpins federal decisions about environmental health risks was first established in 1983. In the beginning, the importance of public participation was not explicitly recognized within the paradigm. Over time, however, it has become evident that not only must risk-based decisions be founded on the best available scientific knowledge and understanding, but also that they must take account of the knowledge, values, and preferences of interested and affected parties, including community members, business people, and environmental advocates. This article examines the gradually expanding role of public participation in risk-based decision making in the United States, and traces its evolution from a peripheral issue labeled as an<em> external pressure</em> to an integral element of the 21st century risk assessment − risk management paradigm. Today, and into the foreseeable future, public participation and stakeholder involvement are intrinsic features of the emerging American regulatory landscape, which emphasizes collaborative approaches for achieving cooperative and cost-effective solutions to complicated and often controversial environmental health problems.
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Hernández Estevez, Jorge Ernesto, and Javier Gonzalez-Argote. "Community participation in the Latin American context: Bibliometric Analysis." Southern perspective / Perspectiva austral 2 (June 9, 2024): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.56294/pa202432.
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Introduction: community participation and outreach constitute one of the key work tools for each science. Despite the existence of previous studies on this topic, it is necessary to have an overview of the current state of knowledgeObjective: characterizes the scientific publications grouped in Scopus regarding community participation in the Latin American contextMethod: A bibliometric study was developed. 5,832 publications were analyzed as the research universe. Bibliometric indicators were applied from the Scopus database and the Scival tool.Results: Articles published in 2022 predominated with 988 investigations (16,94 %). The thematic areas of social sciences stood out (2,639 investigations; 45,25 %). The relationship between the different thematic areas was mostly heterogeneous, with greater participation from the medical sciences. Articles published in research article format stood out with 4,196 investigations, equivalent to 71,94 %. The largest number of articles was published in journals located in quartile 1 (Q1) with 2,407 investigations (41,27 %). The researches with authors from the United States (4,933 articles; 84,58 %) and Canada (885 works; 15,17 %) stood out.Conclusions: scientific production on community participation in the Latin American context was characterized by gradual growth. In turn, in correlation with a heterogeneous behavior of the branches of sciences involved in scientific activity. The center of the research responds to original articles located in the countries with the highest rate of scientific activity.
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Metlock, Faith E., Sarah Addison, Alicia McKoy, Yesol Yang, Aarhea Hope, Joshua J. Joseph, Jing Zhang, et al. "More than Just a Number: Perspectives from Black Male Participants on Community-Based Interventions and Clinical Trials to Address Cardiovascular Health Disparities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 4 (April 6, 2024): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040449.
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Background: Black Americans remain significantly underrepresented and understudied in research. Community-based interventions have been increasingly recognized as an effective model for reckoning with clinical trial participation challenges amongst underrepresented groups, yet a paucity of studies implement this approach. The present study sought to gain insight into Black male participants’ perception of clinical trials before and after participating in a community-based team lifestyle intervention in the United States. Methods: Black Impact, a 24-week community-based lifestyle intervention, applied the American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) framework to assess changes in the cardiovascular health of seventy-four Black male participants partaking in weekly team-based physical activities and LS7-themed education and having their social needs addressed. A subset of twenty participants completed an exit survey via one of three semi-structured focus groups aimed at understanding the feasibility of interventions, including their perceptions of participating in clinical trials. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a content analysis, which involved systematically identifying, coding, categorizing, and interpreting the primary patterns of the data. Results: The participants reported a positive change in their perceptions of clinical trials based on their experience with a community-based lifestyle intervention. Three prominent themes regarding their perceptions of clinical trials prior to the intervention were as follows: (1) History of medical abuse; (2) Lack of diversity amongst research teams and participants; and (3) A positive experience with racially concordant research teams. Three themes noted to influence changes in their perception of clinical trials based on their participation in Black Impact were as follows: (1) Building trust with the research team; (2) Increasing awareness about clinical trials; and (3) Motivating participation through community engagement efforts. Conclusions: Improved perceptions of participating in clinical trials were achieved after participation in a community-based intervention. This intervention may provide a framework by which to facilitate clinical trial participation among Black men, which must be made a priority so that Black men are “more than just a number” and no longer “receiving the short end of the stick”.
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Mendoza-Mori, Américo, and Rachel Sprouse. "Hemispheric Quechua: language education and reclamation within diasporic communities in the United States." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2023, no. 280 (March 1, 2023): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2022-0024.
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Abstract Over the last two decades, the United States has increasingly become a site of Quechua language use and reclamation. Reclamation programs have emerged, both promoting the language and fostering community empowerment, particularly among Latinx youth. In this essay, we draw on our experiences as U.S.-based Quechua-language educators and organizers to explore the participation of diasporic Quechua reclamation movements in the global advance of the language. We frame these U.S.-based projects not as discrete entities, but as initiatives in constant connection with their counterparts in the Andes. This reflection piece provides a timeline of academic and community organizations in New York City, a global urban center with one of the largest bilingual Quechua-Spanish communities outside of the Andes. We conclude that these diasporic bottom-up language policy and planning (LPP) efforts are natural agents of dialogue on Quechua-language education and an integral part of the international Quechua reclamation movement.
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Sipior, Janice C., Burke T. Ward, and Regina Connolly. "An Empirical Evaluation of E-Government Inclusion Among the Digitally Disadvantaged in the United States." Information Resources Management Journal 23, no. 4 (October 2010): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2010100102.
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The authors undertake an exploratory study, in the context of a digitally disadvantaged community in the United States, to determine what factors are associated with e-government website visitation. Following a community-based initiative, designed to stimulate computer literacy and access to information and communication technologies for residents and neighbors of an underserved public housing community, a survey of e-government website visitation was undertaken. The results indicate that over half of the respondents are aware of or have visited e-government websites, with nearly a third indicating they intend to use e-government websites in the future. Awareness of e-government websites was found to be significantly related to e-government website visitation. Internet experience and perceived access barriers were found not to be significantly related to e-government website visitation. This research enhances the understanding of visitation of e-government services among techno-disadvantaged citizens to encourage greater inclusion. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of a community organizing strategy to sustain e-government participation among the digitally disadvantaged.
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Hill, Terrence D., Sunshine M. Rote, and Christopher G. Ellison. "Religious Participation and Biological Functioning in Mexico." Journal of Aging and Health 29, no. 6 (June 23, 2017): 951–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264317716244.
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Objective:Although several studies suggest that religious involvement tends to favor healthy biological functioning, most of this work has been conducted in the United States. This study explores the association between religious participation and biological functioning in Mexico. Method: The data are drawn from two waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2003-2012) to assess continuous and categorical biomarker specifications. Results: Across specifications, religious participation in 2003 is associated with lower levels of waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, pulse rate, and overall allostatic load in 2012. Respondents who increased their participation over the study period also exhibit a concurrent reduction in pulse rate. Depending on the specification, participation is also associated with lower levels of diastolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein. Participation is generally unrelated to body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, and systolic blood pressure. Discussion: Our results confirm that religious participation is associated with healthier biological functioning in Mexico.
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Andreeva, O. M., and L. Avetisyan. "PECULIARITIES OF ARMENIAN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 138 (2019): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.138.0.4-13.
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It is stated that the Armenian community in the USA is one of the largest and most influential in the world. It is proved that the numerous Armenian community of the USA plays a prominent role in the development of Armenian-American relations. It is shown that the urgent issues for the development of the Armenian Diaspora is to overcome contradictions and competition within the Armenian Diaspora, especially among its most active organizations dealing with political issues. It will solve specific foreign policy tasks and promote the unification of the Armenian Diaspora based on group identity and common goals. The Armenian organizations, acting separately, complicate integration and unification within the community itself, lead to competition and disunity in defending its interests not only in the United States, but also in the world. It is determined that numerous Armenian Diaspora, famous and influential personalities of Armenian origin, national organizations and lobby groups are the “soft power” of Armenia. The Diaspora provides significant and comprehensive support to Armenian diplomacy in advancing national interests, especially in matters of international recognition and condemnation of the Armenian Genocide, the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and overcoming the many economic problems that Armenia faces today. During the post-bipolar period, the Armenian Diaspora in America was quite active namely because of participation in various international organizations. To a certain extent, the Diaspora of Armenia followed the common tradition of using intergovernmental and intergovernmental associations to solve the problems of their states. On the other hand, the Armenian Diaspora confidently applied the method of "complementarily policy". This policy envisaged the deep involvement of the Republic of Armenia in the process of discussing and promoting projects of international organizations of various levels in the foreign policy of leading, influential states of the world and, first of all, the United States. In this regard, it is relevant to study the active and successful activities of the Armenian Diaspora in the United States. It is proved that Armenian Diaspora, with its rich international experience, seeks to integrate into American politics, which represents valuable experience for Ukraine, which has a significant Diaspora in the USA and Canada.
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Crimmins, Theresa M., Erin Posthumus, Sara Schaffer, and Kathleen L. Prudic. "COVID-19 impacts on participation in large scale biodiversity-themed community science projects in the United States." Biological Conservation 256 (April 2021): 109017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109017.
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Patch, Kate, and Andrea Allen. "Participant Observation and Community Engagement: An Anthropological Approach to Promote and Assess Transformative Learning with Ngo Internships In Ghana." Practicing Anthropology 32, no. 3 (June 26, 2010): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.32.3.0576121158442w00.
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For the fifth year in a row, Michigan State University leads the nation in study abroad participation among public universities in the United States. During the 2007-08 academic year, the most recent year for which data are available, 2,969 MSU students studied abroad. This reflects a 6 percent increase from last year's data. They participated in more than 250 programs in 60 countries on all continents
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Szalmasagi, Jacquelyn D. "Efficacy of a Mentoring Program on Nurse Retention and Transition Into Practice." International Journal of Studies in Nursing 3, no. 2 (January 3, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v3i2.378.
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Background: The United States and countries around the world are often faced with a nursing shortage. Studies indicate the reasons for the shortages include low job satisfaction and other factors leading to decreased retention rates.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if participating in a mentor program impacted the transition into practice and retention rates of new graduate nurses at a small community hospital in northern Indiana.Method: This was a retrospective, descriptive, quasi-experimental study. A total of 20 new graduate nurses were studied to determine whether participation in a mentoring program had any impact on their retention at the facility. The participants who completed the mentoring program were asked to complete a questionnaire which examined their perception of the correlation between their completion of the program and their transition into practice.Results: This study determined that participating in a mentor program impacted the transition into practice and retention rates of new graduate nurses at a small community hospital in northern Indiana. The questionnaire results indicated that participation in the mentoring program helped with the new graduate nurses’ transition into practice. This study was guided by Benner’s novice to expert theory.